This directory contains alignments of the Tetraodon assembly (tetNig1, Feb. 2004) to the human assembly (hg17, May 2004). Files included in this directory: - axtNet directory: contains chained and netted alignments, i.e. the best chains in the genome, with gaps in the best chains filled in by next-best chains where possible. - axtTight directory: contains a highly conserved subset of the best alignments for any part of the human genome. - tetNig1.chain.gz: chained blastz alignments. The chain format is described in http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/chain.html. - tetNig1.net.gz: "net" file that describes rearrangements between the species and the best Tetraodon match to any part of the human genome. The net format is described in http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/net.html. The alignments in the axtNet and axtTight directories are in "axt" format. For a description, see http://genome.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/help/axt.html. The alignments were produced by the blastz alignment program, which is available from Webb Miller's lab at Penn State University (http://www.bx.psu.edu/miller_lab/). The blastz scoring matrix used was: A C G T A 91 -114 -31 -123 C -114 100 -125 -31 G -31 -125 100 -114 T -123 -31 -114 91 with a gap open penalty of 400 and a gap extension penalty of 30. The minimum score for an alignment to be kept was 3000 for the first pass and 2000 for the second pass, which restricted the search space to the regions between two alignments found in the first pass. Each chromosome was divided into 10,000,000 base chunks for the blastz alignments and all repeats for each organism were used as lineage-specific repeats. Repeats were detected with Arian Smit's RepeatMasker program. The .lav format blastz output, which does not include the sequence, was converted to .axt with lavToAxt. For chaining, the axtChain linearGap option was used to specify gap penalties: tablesize 11 smallSize 111 position 1 2 3 11 111 2111 12111 32111 72111 152111 252111 qGap 325 360 400 450 600 1100 3600 7600 15600 31600 56600 tGap 325 360 400 450 600 1100 3600 7600 15600 31600 56600 bothGap 625 660 700 750 900 1400 4000 8000 16000 32000 57000 For chaining, the axtChain linearGap option was used to specify gap penalties: tablesize 11 smallSize 111 position 1 2 3 11 111 2111 12111 32111 72111 152111 252111 qGap 325 360 400 450 600 1100 3600 7600 15600 31600 56600 tGap 325 360 400 450 600 1100 3600 7600 15600 31600 56600 bothGap 625 660 700 750 900 1400 4000 8000 16000 32000 57000 ---------------------------------------------------------------- If you plan to download a large file or multiple files from this directory, we recommend you use ftp rather than downloading the files via our website. To do so, ftp to hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu, then go to the directory goldenPath/hg17/vsTetNig1/. To download multiple files, use the "mget" command: mget ... - or - mget -a (to download all the files in the directory) All the files in this directory are freely available for public use. -------------------------------------------------------------------- References Harris, R.S. (2007) Improved pairwise alignment of genomic DNA Ph.D. Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University Chiaromonte, F., Yap, V.B., and Miller, W. Scoring pairwise genomic sequence alignments. Pac Symp Biocomput 2002;115-26. Kent, W.J., Baertsch, R., Hinrichs, A., Miller, W., and Haussler, D. Evolution's cauldron: Duplication, deletion, and rearrangement in the mouse and human genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(20):11484-11489 Sep 30 2003. Schwartz, S., Kent, W.J., Smit, A., Zhang, Z., Baertsch, R., Hardison, R., Haussler, D., and Miller, W. Human-mouse alignments with BLASTZ. Genome Res. 13(1):103-7 (2003).