2L52.1 Q9XWB3 2RSSE.1 Q8I133 3R5.1 Q9XWB2 4R79.1 Q9U3S9 4R79.2 Q9XXA4 6R55.1a Q9XTD8 6R55.1b Q9BH60 6R55.2 Q9XXA6 AC3.1 Q17398 AC3.2 Q17399 AC3.3 Q17400 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. AC3.4 Q17401 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. AC3.5 Q17405 AC3.6 Q17402 AC3.7 Q17403 AC3.8 Q17404 AC7.1 Q22876 AC7.2a Q22875 AC7.2b Q8MPP6 Suppressor Of Clr AC7.3 Q7JNR0 AC8.1 Q9XUA5 AC8.10 Q9XUA3 AC8.11 Q9XUA2 AC8.12 Q9XUA0 AC8.3 Q9XUA3 AC8.4 Q9XUA2 AC8.5 Q9XUA1 AC8.6 Q9XUA6 AC8.7 Q9XUA0 AH10.1 O02200 AH10.2 O02202 AH10.3 O02201 AH10.4 Q9XVT8 AH6.1 Q09435 gcy-1 is predicted to encode a guanylate cyclase; however, transcriptional fusions of the putative upstream regulatory region with a GFP reporter did not confirm its expression. AH6.10 Q09208 AH6.11 Q09209 AH6.12 Q09210 AH6.14 Q09212 AH6.2 Q09201 AH6.3 Q09202 AH6.4 Q09203 AH6.5 Q09436 mex-6 encodes a CCCH zinc-finger protein highly similar to MEX-5 that functions with MEX-5 to affect embryonic viability, establish soma germline asymmetry in embryos and establish PIE-1, MEX-1, and POS-1 asymmetry in embryos, and also affects formation of intestinal cells; MEX-6 and MEX-5 may act downstream of the PAR proteins. AH6.6 Q09204 AH6.7 Q09205 AH6.8 Q09206 AH9.1 Q10904 AH9.2 Q10905 AH9.3 Q10906 AH9.4 Q10907 B0001.1 Q17410 B0001.2 Q17411 B0001.3 Q17412 B0001.4 Q17413 B0001.5 Q17414 B0001.6 Q17415 B0001.7 Q17416 B0001.8 Q8WQH2 B0019.1 Q9XXU5 B0019.2 Q9XXU6 B0024.1 Q17417 B0024.10 Q17425 B0024.11 Q17426 B0024.12 Q17427 gna-1 encodes one of two C. elegans glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferases (GNAs); by homology, GNA-1 is predicted to be required for the formation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, a substrate in chitin synthesis, Golgi and cytoplasmic glycosylation, and GPI anchoring; as loss of gna-1 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of GNA-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. B0024.13a Q17428 B0024.13b Q7JLP4 B0024.14a Q17429 B0024.14b Q8MM07 CRiM (Cysteine RIch motor neuron protein) homolog B0024.14c Q8MQG3 CRiM (Cysteine RIch motor neuron protein) homolog B0024.14d Q8MQG2 CRiM (Cysteine RIch motor neuron protein) homolog B0024.14e Q6BET7 CRiM (Cysteine RIch motor neuron protein) homolog B0024.15 Q8MQG4 B0024.2 Q17418 B0024.3 Q17419 B0024.4 Q17420 B0024.6 Q9XVV4 gcy-6 encodes a predicted guanylate cyclase; expressed in the ASEL neurons. B0024.8 Q17423 B0024.9 Q17424 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. B0025.1a Q9TXI7 These data are consistent with the hypothesis that VPS-34 is generally required for membrane transport from the outer nuclear membrane towards the cell periphery. B0025.1b Q9TXI6 related to yeast Vacuolar Protein Sorting factor B0025.1c Q5TYK9 related to yeast Vacuolar Protein Sorting factor B0025.1d Q5TYK7 related to yeast Vacuolar Protein Sorting factor B0025.1e Q5TYK8 related to yeast Vacuolar Protein Sorting factor B0025.2 O01422 csn-2 encodes a homolog of COP9 signalosome complex subunit 2 that affects embryonic viability and growth rate. B0025.4 Q8WQC3 B0034.1 Q10910 B0034.2 Q10903 B0034.3a Q9BIB5 A homolog of a member of the cadherin superfamily which is involved in cell-cell adhesion. B0034.3b Q9BIB6 CaDHerin family B0034.4 Q10912 B0034.5 Q10913 B0035.10 P08898 his-45 encodes an H3 histone. B0035.11 Q17431 B0035.12 Q17430 B0035.13 Q17437 B0035.14 Q17438 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. B0035.15 Q17439 B0035.16 Q17440 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. B0035.1a Q93156 B0035.1b Q9U3S8 B0035.2 Q17433 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. B0035.3 Q17432 B0035.4 Q17435 B0035.5 Q27464 B0035.5 is orthologous to the human gene GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (G6PD; OMIM:305900), which when mutated leads to disease. B0035.6 Q17436 B0035.7 P09588 his-47 encodes an H2A histone; by homology, HIS-47 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-47 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in a histone gene-rich region on chromosome IV. B0035.8 Q27876 his-48 encodes an H2B histone; by homology, HIS-48 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-48 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in a histone gene-rich region on chromosome IV. B0035.9 P62784 his-46 encodes an H4 histone. B0041.1 O02060 B0041.2a O02059 B0041.2b Q95R18 B0041.2c Q86GT1 B0041.3 O02055 B0041.4 O02056 rpl-4 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L4 protein. B0041.5 O02057 B0041.6 O02058 B0041.6 is orthologous to the human gene 6-PYRUVOYLTETRAHYDROPTERIN SYNTHASE (PTS; OMIM:261640), which when mutated leads to disease. B0041.7 Q9U7E0 xnp-1 is orthologous to the human gene ATR-X (OMIM:300032), which when mutated leads to ATR-X syndrome (OMIM:301040); xnp-1 is also homologous to human nibrin, which when mutated leads to Nigmegen breakage syndrome (OMIM:251260). B0041.8 Q95R19 B0047.1 O16564 B0047.2 O16565 B0047.3 O16566 B0047.4 O16567 B0047.5 P91220 B0198.1 Q17441 B0198.2 Q17442 B0198.3 Q17443 B0205.2a O61744 B0205.3 O61742 rpn-10 encodes a protein that contains two ubiquitin interaction motifs and is a member of the von Willebrand factor, type A superfamily similar to the mouse 26S proteasome non-ATP regulatory subunit 4. B0205.7 P18334 kin-3 encodes an ortholog of the catalytic subunit of casein kinase II alpha, which in Drosophila and mammals is required for normal circadian rhythms, and which directly phosphorylates the Drosophila PERIOD protein (which itself regulates circadian rhythms); by analogy, KIN-3 might be expected to help regulate heterochronic functions dependent on such proteins as LIN-42. B0207.1 O01435 B0207.10 O01433 B0207.11 O01434 B0207.12a Q95Q96 avr-14 encodes an alpha-type subunit of a glutamate-gated chloride channel homologous to human GLRA2, which when mutated leads to hyperekplexia (OMIM:149400); AVR-14 affects sensitivity to the antiparisitic drug, ivermectin, in parallel with avr-15 and glc-1 and in a genetic pathway with unc-9; it functions in the extrapharyngeal nervous system, and is expressed in a subset of neurons in the ring ganglia, ventral cord, and some mechanosensory neurons. B0207.12b Q95Q97 altered AVeRmectin sensitivity B0207.12c Q8IFY7 altered AVeRmectin sensitivity B0207.2 O01431 B0207.3a Q9BIG2 gpa-14 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases; gpa-14 is expressed in ASI, ASJ, ASH, ASK, ADE, PHA, PHB ALA, AVA, CAN, DVA, PVQ, RIA, and in vulval muscle, and also exhibits faint expression in the vulval hypodermis. B0207.3b Q7Z117 G Protein, Alpha subunit B0207.4 O01427 Embryos deficient for AIR-2 also show reduced levels of histone H3 phosphorylation and HCP-1 staining (which mark kinetochores). B0207.5 Q9N4B9 B0207.6 O01426 B0207.7 O01429 B0207.8 O01430 B0207.9 O01432 B0212.1 O45067 B0212.2 O45066 B0212.3 O45063 B0212.4a O45064 B0212.4b Q95X47 B0212.4c Q5TKB1 B0212.5 O17469 The osm-9 gene encodes a capsaicin receptor homolog involved in sensory responses to a subset of chemical stimuli and to ASH neuron-mediated osmotic and mechanical stimuli; OSM-9 is also involved in adaptation to volatile odorants and salts. B0213.10 O44655 B0213.11 O44656 B0213.12 O44657 B0213.14 O44658 B0213.15 O44659 B0213.16 O61204 B0213.17 Q8MNX6 B0213.2 O44666 nlp-27 encodes a predicted neuropeptide with homology to C. elegans nlp-28 through nlp-31. B0213.3 O44665 B0213.4 O44664 B0213.5 O44663 nlp-30 encodes five predicted neuropeptide-like proteins; in C. elegans, nlp-30 is part of the YGGWamide neuropeptide family that also contains nlp-24, nlp-25, and nlp-27-32; nlp-30 is expressed in the hypodermis, suggesting that the peptides it encodes may have a non-neuronal function; as loss of nlp-30 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of the nlp-30-encoded peptides in development and/or behavior is not yet known. B0213.6 O44662 nlp-31 encodes five predicted neuropeptide-like proteins; in C. elegans, nlp-31 is part of the YGGWamide neuropeptide family that also contains nlp-24, nlp-25, and nlp-27-32; nlp-31 is expressed in the hypodermis, suggesting that the peptides it encodes may have a non-neuronal function; nlp-31 expression is also detected in precomma-stage embryos; as loss of nlp-31 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of the nlp-31-encoded peptides in development and/or behavior is not yet known. B0213.7 O44661 B0213.8 O44660 B0213.9 O44654 B0218.1a Q17449 B0218.1b Q86MP7 B0218.2 Q17447 B0218.3 Q17446 Like mammalian p38, PMK-1 phosphorylates activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2); PMK-1, in turn, is phosphorylated and activated in vitro by an active form of MAPK/ERK kinase 6 (MEK6). B0218.5 Q17448 B0218.6 Q17450 B0218.7 Q17451 B0218.8 Q17452 B0222.1 Q17453 B0222.10 Q8WQH1 B0222.2 Q17454 B0222.3 Q17455 B0222.4 Q17456 B0222.5 Q17457 B0222.6 Q17458 B0222.7 Q17459 B0222.8 Q17460 B0222.9 Q960A1 B0228.1 Q09220 B0228.4a Q09221 B0228.4b Q5WRU2 B0228.4c Q5WRU1 B0228.4d Q5WRU3 B0228.5a Q09433 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. B0228.5b Q7YZF7 B0228.6 Q09223 B0228.7 Q09438 B0228.8 Q09224 B0228.9 Q09439 B0238.14 Q9TXS1 B0238.3 O16494 B0238.5 O16492 B0238.6 O16491 B0238.8 O16489 B0240.1 Q17463 rhr-2 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein with similarity to human Rh blood group antigens proposed to function in inorganic ion transport and metabolism; the role of RHR-2 in C. elegans development or behavior remains unclear, as loss of RHR-2 function via RNA-mediated interference does not result in any abnormalities. B0240.2 Q17461 B0240.3 Q8I4N4 The daf-11 gene encodes a guanylate cyclase that affects dauer formation, chemotaxis, and axon formation; it is genetically upstream of daf-12 with respect to dauer larvae formation and is expressed in a subset of amphid neurons. B0240.4 Q8I4N3 B0244.10 Q960A0 B0244.11 Q95ZZ9 B0244.2 Q09962 Conservation of ida-1 between nematodes and vertebrates implies that the IA-2 protein family originated as a distinct class of tyrosine phosphatase-like receptors long before evolution of the pancreas, in which IA-2 function had previously been most studied. B0244.4 Q09964 B0244.5 Q10909 B0244.6 Q09965 B0244.7 Q09966 B0244.8 Q09967 B0244.9 Q09968 B0250.1 Q9XVF7 rpl-2 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L8 protein. B0250.10 Q6BER8 B0250.2 Q9XVF6 B0250.3 Q6BER9 B0250.4 Q9XVF8 B0250.5 Q9XTI0 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. B0250.6 Q9XVF5 B0250.7 Q9XVF4 B0250.8 Q9XVF3 B0250.9 Q9XVF2 B0250.9 is orthologous to the human gene 7-DEHYDROCHOLESTEROL REDUCTASE (DHCR7; OMIM:602858), which when mutated leads to disease. B0252.1 Q10915 B0252.2 Q10916 B0252.3a Q10917 B0252.3b Q10917 B0252.4a P52017 cyp-10 encodes a divergent cyclophilin isoform that is functional when expressed in E. coli. B0252.4b P52017 CYclophyliN B0252.5 Q10918 B0252.6 Q10919 B0261.1 O01441 B0261.2a Q95Q95 While both let-363(RNAi) and M110.4a-b(RNAi) animals have intestinal atrophy, gonadal degeneration is only seen in let-363(RNAi) animals and thus is due to some mechanism not involving a deficiency of M110.4A-B. B0261.2b Q95Q95 LEThal B0261.4 O01437 B0261.5 O01439 B0261.6 O01440 B0261.7 O01442 B0261.8 Q7Z116 B0272.1 P41937 B0272.2 P41941 B0272.3 P41938 B0272.4 P41942 B0273.1 O44170 B0273.2 O44169 puf-7 encodes a protein 97% identical to PUF-6 and functions redundantly with the other PUF genes, fbf-1, fbf-2, puf-6, and puf-8, during primordial germ cell development, based on combinatorial RNAi; interacts with NOS-2 in yeast two-hybrid screens. B0273.3 O44168 B0273.4a Q26261 It is not clear whether this last domain is involved in an (presently unknown) role of UNC-5 in apoptosis or whether it has been coopted for UNC-5's known role in cellular and axonal guidance. B0273.4b Q26261 axon guidance protein B0280.10 P42001 B0280.11 P42083 B0280.12a Q10914 glr-2 encodes an AMPA (non-NMDA)-type ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit; GLR-2 activity is required for mediating the behavioral response to light nose touch and for regulating the frequency with which animals change locomotory direction in response to sensory cues such as food; GLR-2 and GLR-1, a second AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptor, can interact to form functional heteromeric channels; GLR-2 is expressed in many neurons, including four of the five pairs of command interneurons that are required for locomotory control. B0280.12b Q10914 GLutamate Receptor family (AMPA) B0280.13 Q5WRU4 B0280.1a P41992 B0280.1b P41992 B0280.2 Q5WRU5 B0280.3 P41994 B0280.4 P41995 odd-1 encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger-containing transcription factor similar to Drosophila odd skipped which is required for embryonic patterning; ODD-1 is expressed in the gut during embryogenesis and appears to be essential for larval development. B0280.5 P41996 RNA targets of GLD-1 must be expressed in the germ line to be regulated by GLD-1, and may have important functions in germ line development or maternally directed embryonic development. B0280.7 P41998 B0280.8 P41999 nhr-10 encodes a predicted nuclear hormone receptor diverged from nuclear hormone receptors in other phyla; its mRNA is expressed throughout development with possibly lower expression from the L4 larval to adult stages, and the protein is expressed in neuronal processes. B0280.9 P42000 B0281.1 O16617 B0281.2 O16615 B0281.3 O16614 B0281.4 O16611 B0281.5 O16612 B0281.6 O16613 B0281.8 O16616 B0284.1 Q17466 B0284.2 Q17469 B0284.3 Q17467 B0284.4 Q17468 B0285.1 P46551 B0285.10 P46560 B0285.3 P46553 B0285.4 P46554 B0285.5 P46555 hse-5 encodes a D-glucuronyl C5-epimerase. B0285.6 P46556 B0285.7 P46557 B0285.8 P46558 B0285.9 P46559 B0286.1 Q10921 B0286.2 Q6W3C7 lat-2 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein that is homologous to vertebrate latrophilins, alpha-latrotoxin binding proteins that are members of the Class B/secretin family of G protein-coupled receptors; by homology, LAT-2 is predicted to function as a peptide hormone receptor that couples ligand binding to heterotrimeric G protein-mediated stimulation of secretion; lat-2 is expressed in the g1 gland cells and in the arcade cells in the head, and its expression has been reported to cycle with larval molts; as loss of lat-2 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of LAT-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. B0286.3 Q10457 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. B0286.4a Q10923 B0286.4b Q95QZ4 NOT-Like (yeast CCR4/NOT complex component) B0286.4c Q95QZ3 NOT-Like (yeast CCR4/NOT complex component) B0286.5 Q10924 fkh-6 encodes a protein which belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors; fkh-6 is required for several aspects of male gonadogenesis including asymmetric cell division, cell migration and sex determination and appears to act downstream of tra-1; FKH-6 is specifically expressed in the gonad. B0286.6 Q6AHP9 B0294.1 Q9TXP8 B0294.3 Q9TXQ0 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). B0302.1a Q7JP59 Expression experimentally verified by RT-PCR. B0302.1b Q7JP58 protein KINase B0302.1c Q7JP57 protein KINase B0302.2 Q10926 B0302.3 Q17470 B0302.4 Q10927 B0302.5 Q10928 B0302.6 Q95NZ6 B0303.11 P34261 B0303.14 P34263 B0303.15 P34264 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. B0303.2 P34254 B0303.3 P34255 B0303.3 is orthologous to the human gene 3-KETOACYL-COA THIOLASE BETA-SUBUNIT OF TRIFUNCTIONAL PROTEIN (HADHB; OMIM:143450), which when mutated leads to disease. B0303.4 P34256 B0303.7 P34258 B0303.8 P34259 B0303.9 P34260 B0304.1a P22980 hlh-1 is orthologous to the human gene MYOGENIC FACTOR 6 (HERCULIN) (MYF6; OMIM:159991), which when mutated leads to disease. B0304.1b P22980 helix-loop-helix transcription factor B0304.1c P22980 helix-loop-helix transcription factor B0304.3 Q27465 The B0304.3 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene CYP7B1, which when mutated leads to giant cell hepatitis (OMIM:231100). B0304.5 Q10934 B0304.6 Q10935 B0304.7 Q10936 B0304.8 Q7YZG0 B0304.9 Q7YZF9 B0310.1 Q10937 B0310.2 Q10938 B0310.3 Q10939 B0310.4 Q10940 B0310.5 Q10941 B0310.6 Q10942 B0331.1 O45219 B0331.2 O45220 B0334.1 Q17473 B0334.10 Q9XVW7 B0334.11a Q9XVW6 ooc-3 mutants have misoriented division axes at the two-cell stage; OOC-3 may play a role in targeting asymmetrically localized proteins during passage through the ER. B0334.11b Q8I132 abnormal OOCyte formation B0334.13 Q7YTS6 B0334.2a Q17481 twk-5 encodes one of 44 C. elegans TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channel subunits that contain two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane domains; as loss of TWK-5 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of TWK-5 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; TWK-5 may, however, function redundantly with other TWK channels; the TWK-5 expression pattern is not yet known. B0334.3a Q17474 B0334.3b Q17475 Thiamine pyrophosphate enzymes B0334.4 Q17476 B0334.5 Q17477 B0334.6 Q17478 B0334.7 Q17479 B0334.8 Q94125 This metal resistance does not appear to be correlated with expression of metallothioneins, and thus may instead be mediated by stress proteins. B0336.1 Q10953 B0336.10 P48158 rpl-23 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L23 protein. B0336.11a Q10956 B0336.11b Q8IG59 B0336.12 Q10957 B0336.13 Q9BIB4 B0336.2 Q10943 ARF proteins translocate from cytosol to plasma membrane upon GTP binding, and that are involved in vesicular budding in transport from the ER to the Golgi as well as within the Golgi. B0336.3 Q10954 B0336.4 Q10955 rgs-5 encodes a regulator of G protein signaling; by homology, RGS-5 is predicted to function as a GTPase-activating protein that binds G protein alpha subunits and negatively regulates heterotrimeric G protein signaling; loss of rgs-5 activity via RNAi or a deletion mutation results in no obvious defects, and likewise, rgs-5 overexpression has no measurable effect on egg-laying behavior, locomotion, or viability; an rgs-5 transcriptional reporter is expressed in head neurons in larvae and adults. B0336.5 Q17483 B0336.6 Q10929 B0336.6 encodes an Abl interactor ortholog, with an SH3 domain, required for embryonic development; mammalian Abl interactors are associated with synaptosomes, growth cone particles, and macropinocytic vesicles, and may regulate Rac-dependent cytoskeletal reorganization and Abl kinase activity; B0336.6's orthologs include human SSH3BP1 (ABI1; OMIM:603050, mutated in acute myeloid leukemia), ABI-2 (OMIM:606442), and NESH (OMIM:606363); B0336.6 binds UNC-53 in two-hybrid screens. B0336.7a Q10930 B0336.8 Q10931 lgg-3 encodes a hydrophilic protein that is orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae autophagy protein Apg12p; by homology, LGG-3 is predicted to function as a modifier protein required for a protein conjugation system essential for autophagy; in the context of this conjugation system, LGG-3 is predicted to interact with Apg7p and Apg5p homologs (encoded by M7.5 and Y71G12B.12a, respectively) to effect bulk degradation of cytoplasmic components under conditions of starvation or cellular remodeling; free LGG-3 is predicted to localize to the cytoplasm, while LGG-3 conjugated to the Apg5p homolog is predicted to associate with membrane compartments; loss of lgg-3 activity via large-scale RNAi screens results in no obvious developmental or behavioral abnormalities. B0336.9a Q10580 swp-1 encodes a protein containing two SWAP (Suppressor-of-White-APricot splicing regulator) domains that have been implicated in RNA binding; orthologous to C. briggsae CBG09000. B0336.9b Q10580 splicing factor (Suppressor of White aPricot) related B0336.9c Q8MPP8 splicing factor (Suppressor of White aPricot) related B0336.9d Q8MPQ0 splicing factor (Suppressor of White aPricot) related B0336.9e Q8MPP9 splicing factor (Suppressor of White aPricot) related B0344.2 O61737 B0348.1 O61959 B0348.2 O61958 B0348.4a Q95X30 egl-8(n488) mutants suppress the excess motoneuron branching, and thus the uncoordinated phenotype, induced by an unc-6deltaC transgene. B0348.4b Q95X29 EGg Laying defective B0348.4c Q6EZG7 EGg Laying defective B0348.5 O61954 B0348.6a O61955 ife-3 encodes one of five C. elegans homologs of the mRNA cap-binding protein eIF4E; by homology, IFE-3 is predicted to bind capped mRNA and mediate its recruitment to ribosomes during translation initiation; in vitro, IFE-3 binds a monomethylated guanosine cap structure but does not bind a trimethylated guanosine cap, which suggests that IFE-3 likely mediates translation of those mRNAs that do not contain a spliced-leader sequence; of the C. elegans eIF4E isoforms, IFE-3 is the most similar to human eIF4E and is the only isoform required for viability (homozygous ife-3 mutant embryos arrest in the early division stages of embryogenesis); IFE-3 is enriched in the adult gonad. B0348.6b O61955 Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) family B0348.6c O61955 Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) family B0350.2a Q17489 It is not clear whether this last domain is involved in an (presently unknown) role of UNC-44 in apoptosis, or whether it has been coopted for UNC-44's known role in cellular and axonal guidance. B0350.2b Q5TYL6 UNCoordinated B0350.2c Q17486 AO66 ankyrin B0350.2d Q5TYL5 AO49 ankyrin B0350.2e Q8MQG0 UNCoordinated B0350.2f Q17490 AO13 ankyrin B0350.2g Q7JNZ0 UNCoordinated B0350.3 Q17485 B0353.1 Q10958 B0361.10 Q9TXZ9 B0361.11 Q7Z118 B0361.2 Q10946 B0361.3 Q7JPQ6 B0361.4 Q10948 B0361.5a Q10949 B0361.5b Q6AHR5 B0361.6 Q10950 B0361.7 Q10944 B0361.8 P53993 B0361.9 Q10952 B0365.1 P90731 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. B0365.2 P90734 B0365.3 P90735 eat-6 encodes an ortholog of the alpha subunit of a sodium/potassium ATPase, which in turn affects Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity of membranes by affecting the level of the phosphorylated intermediate of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase; EAT-6 affects relaxation of the pharyngeal muscles, fertility (and thus affects feeding); EAT-6 also affects body length, life span, and ASE, ASI and ASJ axonal outgrowth. B0365.5 P90733 B0365.6 P90732 B0365.7 P90736 B0379.1 Q9XU45 B0379.2 O02203 B0379.3a O62011 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. B0379.3b Q9U3S5 MUTator B0379.4a Q8T3G3 B0379.4b Q8T3G2 B0379.6 O45221 B0379.7 Q9U3S6 B0391.10 O62015 B0391.11 Q9NDU9 B0391.12 Q86D26 B0391.3 O62016 B0391.4 O62017 B0391.5 O62012 B0391.6 Q86D19 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). B0391.9 O62014 B0393.1 P46769 rps-0 encodes a small ribosomal subunit SA protein that appears to function as both a ribosomal component and a laminin receptor; by homology, RPS-0 is predicted to play roles in protein biosynthesis and cell adhesion; in C. elegans, RPS-0 activity is required for embryonic and germline development, vulval morphogenesis, and the overall health of the animal. B0393.2 Q17491 B0393.3 Q17492 B0393.4 Q17493 B0393.5 Q17494 B0393.6 Q17495 B0393.7 Q17496 B0393.8 Q9U3S4 B0395.1 O01995 nhx-1 encodes a sodium/proton exchanger expressed intracellularly within hypodermal and muscle cells; NHX-1 is required for embryonic viability, and is thought to prevent intracellular acidification by catalysing the electroneutral exchange of vesicular sodium for an intracellular proton. B0395.2 Q17498 B0395.3 Q17499 B0395.3 is orthologous to the human gene CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE ISOFORM R (CHAT; OMIM:118490), which when mutated leads to disease. B0399.1a Q9XTJ3 B0399.1b Q8I0J0 B0399.1c Q8I4D2 B0399.2 Q9XTD1 B0403.1 Q11075 B0403.2 Q11076 B0403.3 Q11077 B0403.4 Q11067 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. B0403.5 Q6LCP9 B0403.6 Q5WRT2 B0410.1 Q17501 B0410.2a Q17500 B0410.2b Q95ZZ6 B0410.3 Q95ZZ5 B0412.1a P90985 B0412.1b Q86GT3 DAChsund transcription factor homolog B0412.2 P92172 daf-7 encodes a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily that affects dauer larvae formation in a TGF-beta-mediated pathway and also affects egg laying; expressed in the ASI neurons. B0412.4 P90983 rps-29 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S29 protein; by homology, RPS-29 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-29 activity is broadly required for embryonic and germline development, normal body coloration and morphology, normal postembryonic growth rates, and the overall health of the animal. B0414.1 O01838 B0414.2 O01834 rnt-1 is homologous to RUNT and LOZENGE in Drosophila melanogaster, and to human RUNX1 (AML1, OMIM:151385, mutated in familial platelet disorder and acute myeloid leukemia), RUNX2 (OMIM:600211, mutated in cleidocranial dysplasia), and RUNX3 (OMIM:600210). B0414.3 O01833 B0414.5 O01835 The carboxy-terminal region which shows highest similarity to CPEBs from other species comprises the diagnostic hallmarks of CPEB family members, including two distinctive RRM motifs and consecutive C4 and C2H2 zinc fingers. B0414.6 O01836 glh-3 encodes a predicted DEAD-like RNA helicase; GLH-3 interacts with itself and with CSN-5, KGB-1, ZYX-1, and GLH-1 in vitro, and is expressed in association with P granules throughout development. B0414.7a O01837 B0414.7b Q960A2 MTK1/MEKK4 homolog B0414.8a O01839 B0414.8b Q6EZH3 B0416.1 Q11069 B0416.2 Q11070 B0416.3 Q11071 B0416.4 Q11072 B0416.5a Q11073 B0416.5b Q95QZ2 B0416.6 Q11068 B0416.7 Q11074 B0432.1 P90997 B0432.10 P90991 B0432.11 P90995 B0432.12 P90996 B0432.13 P90990 B0432.2 P90994 B0432.3 P90993 B0432.4 P90992 B0432.5a Q5R3Y3 cat-2 encodes a putative tyrosine hydroxylase that affects dopamine levels that in turn affect locomotory slowing in response to food; expressed in dopamanergic as well as other neurons, male spicules, and male ray neurons. B0432.5b Q5R3Y4 abnormal CATecholamine distribution B0432.6 P90987 B0432.7 P90988 B0432.8 P90989 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. B0432.9 Q8WT45 B0454.1 O17174 B0454.10 Q95X80 B0454.2 O17172 B0454.3 O17171 B0454.4 O17170 B0454.5 O17168 B0454.6 O17167 B0454.7 O17166 B0454.8 O17169 B0454.9 O17173 B0457.1a Q17505 lat-1 encodes a predicted latrophilin that affects embryonic elongation, pharyngeal development, and reproductive organ formation; apically localized in developing epithelia and localized to presynaptic surfaces in neurons. B0457.1b Q8I131 LATrophilin receptor B0457.1c Q7JM97 LATrophilin receptor B0457.2 Q17504 B0457.4 Q17502 B0457.6 Q7YX77 B0462.1 O62019 B0462.3 O45224 B0462.4 Q7YX99 B0464.1 Q03577 B0464.2 Q03560 B0464.3 Q03561 B0464.4 Q03562 thurigensis. B0464.5a Q03563 spk-1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase orthologous to the highly conserved serine/arginine-rich protein kinases (SRPKs) that phosphorylate SR proteins, essential components of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery; SPK-1, required for embryogenesis and germline development, can directly bind and phosphorylate RSP-3 (CeSF2/ASF), an SR splicing factor homolog; SPK-1 is expressed predominantly in the adult germline; SPK-1 is homologous to human RSK2, which when mutated leads to Coffin-Lowry syndrome (OMIM:303600). B0464.5b Q03563 Eukaryotic protein kinase domain B0464.5c Q03563 Eukaryotic protein kinase domain B0464.6 Q03564 B0464.7 Q03565 B0464.8 Q9XVX8 B0464.9 Q9BIB3 B0478.1a Q8WQG9 B0478.1b Q8WQG9 Jun N-terminal Kinase B0478.2 Q17506 B0478.3 Q17508 B0491.1 Q17515 B0491.2 P12114 B0491.3 Q17510 B0491.4 Q17511 B0491.5 Q17512 B0491.6 Q17513 B0491.7 Q17514 B0491.7 encodes a putative diphthine synthase orthologous to S. cerevisiae DPH5; DPH5 is an S-adenosylmethionine:EF-2 methyltransferase required for the enzymatic conversion of 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl-histidine to diphthine; DPH5 adds at least the last two of the three methyl groups present in diphthine, and is homologous to bacterial AdoMet:uroporphyrinogen III methyltransferases. B0491.8a Q18368 clh-2 encodes a chloride channel protein that is required for embryonic viability; may have two transcripts transcribed from alternative promoters, and the two transcripts might be expressed in different cell types. B0491.8b Q95NL9 chloride channel protein B0491.8c Q9U6W7 CLC-type chloride cHannel B0495.1 Q09213 B0495.10a Q09219 B0495.10b Q86MP6 B0495.10c Q8IG58 B0495.2 Q09437 B0495.4 Q09432 nhx-2 encodes a sodium/proton exchanger expressed in the apical membranes of intestinal cells; NHX-2 is required for normally high growth rates, and for propagation or maintenance of the germline, NHX-2 is thought to prevent intracellular acidification by catalysing the electroneutral exchange of extracellular sodium for an intracellular proton. B0495.5 Q09214 B0495.6 Q09215 B0495.7 Q09216 B0495.8a Q09217 B0495.8b Q8WQG8 B0495.9 Q09218 B0496.1 Q17523 B0496.2 Q17524 B0496.3a Q65ZH4 B0496.3b Q65ZH3 B0496.3c Q65ZH2 B0496.4 Q17520 B0496.5 Q17519 B0496.6 Q17518 B0496.7 Q17522 B0496.8 Q17525 B0507.1 Q22886 B0507.10 Q95Q93 B0507.11 Q7JNP8 B0507.2 Q22885 B0507.3 Q22884 B0507.4 Q22880 B0507.5 Q22879 B0507.6 Q22878 B0507.7 Q22881 B0507.8 Q22882 B0507.9 Q22883 B0511.1 O61826 fkb-7 encodes a peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase homologous to mammalian FK506-binding proteins; by homology, FKB-7 could function in a number of different processes including protein folding, signal transduction, and regulation of muscle contraction; however, as loss of fkb-7 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of FKB-7 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. B0511.10 O61820 In S. pombe, Moe1 and Yin6, the EIF-3.D and EIF-3.E homologs, respectively, directly interact. B0511.11 O61823 B0511.12 O61825 B0511.13 Q95X35 B0511.14a Q95X34 B0511.14b Q86S31 B0511.2 O61824 B0511.3 O61822 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). B0511.4 O61821 B0511.5 O61816 B0511.6 O61815 B0511.7 O61817 B0511.8 O61818 B0511.9a O61819 B0511.9b Q8T7Y7 B0513.1 O62020 gei-5 encodes a novel protein that was identified in screens for molecules that interact with GEX-3, a homolog of mammalian protein ligands of the small GTPase Rac1, that is essential for ventral enclosure during embryonic development; as loss of gei-5 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of GEI-5 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; GEI-5 is expressed in body wall and vulval muscles, and is also detected in the intestine, neurons, and probably the hypodermis. B0513.2 Q9U3S3 B0513.3 O45226 rpl-29 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L29 protein; by homology, RPL-29 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, loss of rpl-29 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities. B0513.4 O45227 B0513.5 O45228 B0513.6 O45229 B0513.9 Q95QZ1 B0523.1 P34265 kin-31 encodes a predicted tyrosine protein kinase expressed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of body-wall muscle cells; the expression of kin-31 was experimentally verified by RT-PCR. B0523.3 P34266 B0523.5 P34268 fli-1 encodes a homolog of Drosophila flightless-I; can interact with human Ha-Ras and human actin in vitro; mRNA levels are highest in embryos. B0524.1 Q9N5Z5 B0524.2 Q9N5Z7 B0524.3 Q9N5Z9 B0524.4 Q9N600 B0524.5 Q9N5Z8 B0524.6 Q9N5Z6 B0545.1a P34722 B0545.1b P34722 protein kinase C B0545.3 O76663 B0545.4 O76665 B0546.1 O44441 B0546.2 O44438 B0546.3 O44439 B0546.4a O44440 B0546.4b Q86S45 B0546.5 O44442 B0547.1 P91001 More generally, the COP9 signalosome has been shown to associate with the 26 S ubiquitin proteasome and may regulate protein stability; the structural organization of the COP9 signalosome, as revealed by electron microscopy, resembles the lid of the 19 S regulatory particle of the 26 S proteasome. B0547.2 P91000 B0547.4 P90999 B0554.1 P91008 B0554.2 P91006 B0554.3 P91005 B0554.4 P91004 B0554.5 P91003 B0554.6 P91002 B0554.7 P91007 B0563.1 Q11078 B0563.2 Q17526 B0563.4 Q11080 B0563.5 Q11081 B0563.6a Q11082 B0563.6b Q8MQF9 B0563.7 Q11083 B0563.8 Q11084 B0564.10a P52906 unc-30 encodes a paired-like homeodomain transcription factor orthologous to vertebrate Pitx homeodomain proteins, such as mouse Pitx2; UNC-30 controls the terminal differentiation of all 19 type D GABA-ergic motor neurons by directly regulating the expression of UNC-25/GAD and UNC-47/VGAT, which are responsible for GABA formation and secretion, respectively; UNC-30 is expressed most strongly in type D motor neurons during early L1 and L2 larval stages. B0564.10b Q7JLL9 homeobox protein (otd subfamily) B0564.11 Q6BET5 B0564.1a Q17533 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. B0564.2 Q17527 B0564.3 Q17528 B0564.4 Q17529 B0564.6 Q17531 B0564.7 Q17532 B0564.9 Q17534 BE0003N10.1 Q965N3 BE0003N10.2 Q965N4 BE0003N10.3 Q965N2 BE10.1 O17551 BE10.2 O17554 BE10.3 O17552 BE10.4 O17553 C01A2.1 O02206 C01A2.2 Q9XVT7 C01A2.3 O02207 C01A2.4 O02208 C01A2.5 O02209 C01A2.6 O02210 C01A2.7 Q8T3G1 C01B10.1 Q17545 C01B10.10 Q17542 C01B10.3 Q17543 C01B10.4 Q17541 C01B10.5a Q17536 hil-7 encodes a histone H1.1 isoform that is required in the germline for chromatin silencing (assayed by silencing of transgenic DNA), for proliferation and differentiation, and for fertility; hil-7(RNAi) phenotypes resemble the Mes phenotype resulting from the desilencing of genes required for somatic differentiation in the germline; HIL-7 is required in both the hermaphrodite and the male germlines, and is ubiquitously expressed in all nuclei (somatic and germline). C01B10.5b Q95QZ0 HIstone H1 Like C01B10.5c Q9U3W3 HIstone H1 Like C01B10.5e Q86NI5 HIstone H1 Like C01B10.6a Q17537 C01B10.6b Q8MQF7 C01B10.7 Q17538 C01B10.8 Q17539 C01B10.9 Q17540 C01B12.1 O17209 Uncloned locus that affects alae formation and body morphology such that mutants exhibit a slightly dumpy phenotype and the bodies of mutants are helically twisted. C01B12.2 O17208 C01B12.3 O17206 C01B12.3 is orthologous to the human gene VITELLIFORM MACULAR DYSTROPHY PROTEIN (VMD2; OMIM:153700), which when mutated leads to disease. C01B12.4 O17204 C01B12.5 O17205 C01B12.7 O17211 C01B12.8 O17210 C01B4.1 Q9UAU2 C01B4.10 Q9UAU0 C01B4.2 Q9UAU1 C01B4.3 Q9UAT9 C01B4.5 Q9UAT7 C01B4.6 Q9UAT6 C01B4.7 Q9UAT5 C01B4.8 Q9UAT4 C01B4.9 Q9UAT3 C01B7.1a Q17548 C01B7.1b Q8MNV9 C01B7.3 Q17546 C01B7.4 Q17549 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C01B7.5 Q17550 C01B7.6 Q17551 C01B7.7 Q17552 C01B9.1 O45231 C01C10.1 Q11085 clc-2 encodes a claudin homolog, closely similar to CLC-1, that is required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water; CLC-2 maintains the impermeability ('barrier function') of epithelia, since clc-1(RNAi) animals have abnormal permeability of the hypodermis to dyes; clc-2 is expressed in hypodermal seam cells, with two diffuse lines of CLC-2 protein. C01C10.2a Q11086 C01C10.2b Q6AHQ9 C01C10.3 Q11087 C01C10.4 Q9NGJ7 clc-5 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; CLC-5 is worm-specific, with obvious homologs only in C. elegans; CLC-5 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. C01C4.1 Q11088 nlp-1 encodes a predicted neuropeptide-like protein of the MSFamide family with similarity to Aplysia californica (sea hare) buccalin, a neuropeptide that regulates acetylcholine-induced muscle contraction; NLP-1 is expressed in the phasmid PHB tail sensory neuron, lateral neurons, head neurons, and the intestine; the precise role of NLP-1 in nervous system function and development is not yet known. C01C4.2 Q11089 C01C4.3a Q11090 C01C4.3b Q11090 serine/threonine protein kinase C01C7.1 O45232 Because this lethality is modified by the genotype of let-60, the early embryonic lethality seen in ark-1; sli-1 and ark-1; gap-1 animals is probably a consequence of enhanced RAS signaling. C01F1.1 Q17558 C01F1.2 Q17557 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C01F1.3 Q17556 C01F1.4 Q17553 C01F1.5 Q17554 C01F1.6 Q17555 C01F4.1 O01445 C01F4.2a O01443 C01F4.2b Q86ND2 C01F6.1 Q17559 C01F6.2 Q17560 C01F6.4 P34691 C01F6.5 Q17561 C01F6.6a Q17562 C01F6.6b Q8MM77 PDZ domain (Also known as DHR or GLGF). C01F6.8a Q17564 Co-reconstitution of C01F6.9 and ICL-1B alters the latter protein's function, rendering it voltage-insensitive, indicating that the transcriptional coexpression of C01F6.9 and icl-1 reflects a shared function in vivo. C01F6.8b Q965E1 ICLn ion channel homolog C01F6.9 O62023 Co-reconstitution of C01F6.9 and ICL-1B alters the latter protein's function, rendering it voltage-insensitive, indicating that the transcriptional coexpression of C01F6.9 and icl-1 reflects a shared function in vivo. C01G10.1 Q93161 C01G10.10 Q93170 C01G10.11a Q17355 C01G10.11b O01392 UNC-76 protein C01G10.12 Q93171 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. C01G10.13 Q93172 C01G10.14 Q93173 C01G10.15 Q7YX84 C01G10.16 Q7YX83 C01G10.2 Q93162 C01G10.3 Q93163 C01G10.4 Q93164 C01G10.5 Q93165 C01G10.6 Q93166 C01G10.7 Q93167 C01G10.8 Q93168 C01G10.9 Q93169 C01G12.1 O45233 C01G12.10 Q7YX80 C01G12.11 Q7YX79 C01G12.2 O45234 C01G12.3 O45235 C01G12.5 O45236 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C01G12.6 O45237 C01G12.7 O45238 C01G12.8 O45240 C01G12.9 Q7YX81 C01G5.2 Q17567 C01G5.3 Q17565 C01G5.4 Q17566 C01G5.5 Q17568 C01G5.6 Q17569 C01G5.7 Q17570 C01G5.8 P90740 C01G5.9 Q9TXQ7 C01G6.1a Q17571 C01G6.1b Q7JMQ6 Major intrinsic protein C01G6.2 Q17578 C01G6.3 Q17572 C01G6.4 Q17573 C01G6.5 P46012 C01G6.6a Q17574 C01G6.6b Q8I4N2 Temporarily Assigned Gene name C01G6.7 Q17577 C01G6.8a Q9BLY1 The cam-1 gene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is orthologous to human ROR1 (OMIM:602336) and ROR2 (OMIM:602337, mutation of which leads to type B brachydactyly) and is required for locomotion, cell migration, asymmetric cell division, axon outgrowth, and dauer formation; CAM-1 is broadly expressed during embryogenesis and larval development with expression first appearing at the 200-cell stage of embryogenesis. C01G6.8b Q17576 protein tyrosine kinase receptor C01G6.9 Q17575 C01G8.1 P91011 C01G8.2 P91012 cln-3.2 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein that comprises one of three C. elegans homologs of human CLN3 (OMIM:607042, mutations are associated with Batten disease (also known as juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis), a recessively inherited childhood neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of vision, seizures, and psychomotor abnormalities); by homology, CLN-3.2 is predicted to localize to Golgi and lysosomal membranes, where its proposed functions include that of a chaperone and/or a regulator of intracellular trafficking; in C. elegans, loss of cln-3.2 activity via mutation or RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities (nor does loss of all three CLN3 homologs, cln-3.1, cln-3.2, and cln-3.3), suggesting that these genes do not play an essential role in development and/or behavior. C01G8.3 P91013 C01G8.4 P91014 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. C01G8.5a P91015 It has a somewhat more distant homology to human merlin/schwannomin (NF2), which when mutated leads to neurofibromatosis, type 2 (OMIM:101000). C01G8.5b P91016 membrane protein C01G8.6 P91017 C01G8.9a P91019 C01G8.9b Q86ND1 C01H6.1 Q17582 C01H6.2 Q17583 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C01H6.3 Q17580 C01H6.4 Q17585 C01H6.5a P41828 NHR-23 binds the DRS-type hormone response sequence in vitro; vertebrate homologs of NHR-23 include RORalpha/RZRalpha, RZRbeta and RevErbA. C01H6.5b P41828 nuclear hormone receptor C01H6.6 Q17586 However, the conserved ACD domain has been predicted to have transmembrane sequences, at least one ACD homolog (Mam3p in S. cerevisiae) is localized to the vacuolar membrane, and recent work has shown that murine Acdp1 in hippocampal neurons is primarily located in the plasma membrane. C01H6.7 Q17581 C01H6.8 Q17587 C01H6.9 O17985 C01H6.9 encodes a homolog of haploid germ cell-specific nuclear protein kinase (haspin) that specifically binds GOA-1 in yeast two-hybrid assays; C01H6.9 is expressed in PHB sensory neurons and PVT interneurons in the tail, several unidentified neurons in the head (with projections to the nose and nerve ring), and intestinal cells, with mainly nuclear localization; C01H6.9 has no obvious function or phenotype in RNAi assays, either alone or with inactivation of a close paralog (F22H10.5). C02A12.1 O16198 C02A12.4 O16202 lys-7 encodes an enzyme homologous to an antimicrobial lysozyme encoded by the LYS4 gene of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica; by homology, LYS-7 is predicted to function as an antimicrobial enzyme that hydrolyzes the 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in peptidoglycan heteropolymers of prokaryotic cell walls; in C. elegans, lys-7 expression is significantly upregulated in response to infection with the Gram-negative bacterium Serratia marcescens, indicating that LYS-7 likely plays a role in the innate immune response; constitutive expression of lys-7 mRNA is detected in the intestine and the intestinal valve cells. C02B10.1 O44446 Isovaleryl-CoA is the preferred substrate for purified C02B10.1 protein; other substrates such as butyryl-, valeryl-, and hexanoyl-CoA were less efficiently processed. C02B10.2 O44445 C02B10.3 O44443 C02B10.4 O44444 C02B10.5 O44447 C02B10.6 O44448 C02B4.1 Q8MYA8 It is thought that the adt-1 mutant defect arises from a specific inability to rapidly remodel the extracellular matrix during ray development. C02B4.2 Q17589 C02B4.3 Q17590 C02B8.1 Q11091 C02B8.2 Q11092 C02B8.3 Q11093 C02B8.4 Q11094 Such activation is at least partially conserved in Drosophila and perhaps in vertebrates as well. C02B8.5 Q11095 An extract from flesh fly (Neobellieria bullata) central nervous systems was used to screen cells expressing Drosophila FR; this identified two endogenous peptides, APPQPSDNFIRFamide (Neb-FIRFamide) and pQPSQDFMRFamide (Neb-FMRFamide) as being CG2114 ligands; the Drosophila equivalents of these FMRFamides (DPKQDFMRFamide, TPAEDFMRFamide, SDNFMRFamide, SPKQDFMRFamide, and PDNFMRFamide) activated CG2114. C02B8.6 Q11096 C02B8.7 Q11097 C02C2.1 P34269 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C02C2.3 P34271 The primary phenotype of cup-4 animals is an accumulation of secreted GFP in the pseudocoelom, suggesting a decrease in, or the absence of, endocytosis in coelomocytes. C02C2.4 P34272 C02C2.5 P34273 C02C6.1a P39055 C02C6.1b P39055 DYNamin related C02C6.2 Q93174 C02C6.3 Q93177 C02D4.1 Q6LA91 C02D4.2a O02213 The widespread expression of SER-2 parallels broad expression patterns seen for SER-2's arthropod homologs (in fly, locust, and honeybee). C02D4.2b O02213 octopamine receptor C02D4.2c O02213 SERotonin/octopamine receptor family C02D4.2d O02213 SERotonin/octopamine receptor family C02D4.2e O02213 SERotonin/octopamine receptor family C02D5.1 P34275 C02D5.2 P34276 C02D5.3 P34277 C02E11.1a Q9UAN9 C02E11.1b Q8ITW0 C02E7.1 O16436 C02E7.10 O16435 C02E7.13 O16439 C02E7.2 O16433 C02E7.3 O16432 C02E7.4 O16431 C02E7.5 O16430 C02E7.6 O16428 C02E7.7 O16427 C02E7.8 O16429 C02E7.9 O16434 C02F12.1 Q11098 C02F12.3 Q11099 C02F12.4 Q11100 C02F12.5 Q11101 C02F12.7 Q11102 C02F12.8 Q11103 C02F12.9 Q95ZZ4 C02F4.1 O17758 Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K) produces PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3), which can translocate DOCK180 from the cytoplasm to the membrane by specific binding of DOCK180 to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. C02F4.2a Q95002 It thus appears that serotonin-mediated egg laying is directly regulated by calcineurin phosphatase activity. C02F4.2b Q86MD4 abnormal CHEmotaxis C02F4.3 P90741 C02F4.4 Q93185 C02F4.5 Q93186 C02F5.1 P34278 knl-1 encodes a novel acidic protein with a coiled-coil region at its C-terminus; KNL-1 is an essential kinetochore component that is required for proper spindle elongation and chromosome separation, and in the kinetochore assembly pathway, plays a key role in linking the initiation of kinetochore formation with the construction of a functional microtubule-binding interface; in the assembly pathway, KNL-1 functions downstream of the DNA-proximal kinetochore components CeCENP-A/HCP-3 and CeCENP-B/HCP-4 and upstream of the outer kinetochore components HIM-10/Nuf2p, NDC-80/HEC1, CeBUB-1, HCP-1, and CeCLASP2/CLS-2; in expression studies in the one-cell embryo, KNL-1 localizes to kinetochores throughout mitosis. C02F5.10 P34287 C02F5.11 Q95QY8 C02F5.12 Q95QY7 C02F5.13 P61228 C02F5.2 P34279 C02F5.3 P34280 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C02F5.4 P34281 C02F5.5 P34282 C02F5.6a P34283 C02F5.6b Q8T3F9 C02F5.7a P34284 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C02F5.7b Q8T3G0 C02F5.8 P34285 C02F5.9 P34286 The pbs-6 gene encodes a homolog of mammalian PSMB1. C02G6.1 Q17592 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C02G6.2 Q17593 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C02H6.1 O17053 C02H6.2 O17054 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C02H7.1 Q17595 C02H7.2 Q17594 C02H7.3a O02626 The aex-3 gene encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the rab-3 GTPase that is orthologous to human MAP kinase activating protein containing death domain (MADD, OMIM:603584); AEX-3 is required for intracellular vesicle trafficking as well as synaptic vesicle release and interacts with CAB-1 and RAB-3 to regulate separate pathways for neural activities such as defecation and male mating, respectively; AEX-3 is also required for egg laying and locomotion; AEX-3 is expressed in nearly all neurons. C02H7.3b Q8MQF4 Aboc, EXpulsion defective C03A3.1a Q17597 C03A3.1b Q5WRN4 C03A3.2 Q17598 C03A3.3 Q17596 C03A7.10 O16505 C03A7.14 O16511 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C03A7.3 O16503 C03A7.4 O16500 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C03A7.5 O16498 C03A7.6 O16499 C03A7.7 O16501 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C03A7.8 O16502 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C03A7.9 O16504 C03B1.1 Q11108 C03B1.10 Q11116 C03B1.12 Q11117 lmp-1 encodes a protein with similarity to vertebrate lysosome-associated membrane proteins CD68, and appears to be the only protein in C. elegans that has a GYXX (phi) vertebrate lysosomal targeting sequence at its carboxy terminus; localized to the periphery of a large population of membrane bound organelles (granules) seen throughout the early embryos and restricted to the cells of the intestine during later stages. C03B1.13 Q95QY6 C03B1.14 Q95QY5 C03B1.15 Q8IG57 C03B1.2 Q11109 C03B1.3 Q11110 C03B1.4 Q11111 C03B1.5 Q11112 C03B1.6 Q11113 C03B1.7 Q11114 C03B1.9 Q11115 C03B8.1 Q11104 C03B8.2 Q11105 C03B8.3 Q11106 C03B8.4 Q11107 LIN-13 protein may functionally interact with class B SynMuv gene prodcts such as retinoblastoma and RbAp48 homologs, and may be involved in a Rb-mediated transcriptional control process leading to repression of vulval fates. C03C10.1 P42168 kin-19 encodes a serine/threonine kinase orthologous to human casein kinase I, alpha 1 (CSNK1A1, OMIM:600505); KIN-19 appears to be a component of the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway that regulates endoderm formation in the early embryo; kin-19(RNAi) and mom-2(RNAi) enhance apr-1(RNAi), but not RNAi of each other. C03C10.2 P42169 C03C10.3 P42170 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C03C10.4 P42171 C03C10.5 P42172 C03C10.6 P42173 C03C10.7 Q7YX72 C03C11.1 Q9XVT6 C03C11.2 Q9XTH6 C03D6.1 Q17600 C03D6.3a Q17607 cel-1 encodes a mRNA capping enzyme, with a N-terminal region with RNA triphosphatase activity and a C-terminal region containing motifs found in yeast and vaccinia virus capping enzyme guanylytransferases; cel-1 is required for embryonic viability, body morphology, and vulval development. C03D6.4 Q17602 npp-14 is orthologous to the human gene NUCLEOPORIN, 214-KD (NUP214; OMIM:114350), which encodes part of the nucleopore complex mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport; NUP214, as a fusion gene with DEK (OMIM:125264), is found in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia. C03D6.5 Q17603 C03D6.6 Q17604 C03D6.8 Q17606 rpl-24.2 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L24 protein paralog; its orthologs include ribosomal protein L30 isologs from mammals and 'Ribosomal Like Protein 24' (Rlp24p) from S. cerevisiae; it therefore appears to actually represent an ancient paralogy between two varieties of eukaryotic L24 protein. C03E10.1 O17557 C03E10.3 O17559 C03E10.4 O17560 gly-20 is orthologous to the human gene MANNOSYL (ALPHA-1,6-)-GLYCOPROTEIN BETA-1,2-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE (MGAT2; OMIM:602616), which when mutated leads to carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, type II. C03E10.5 O17562 C03E10.6 O62024 C03F11.1 Q11122 C03F11.2 Q11123 C03F11.3 Q11124 C03F11.4 Q11125 C03G5.1 Q09508 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C03G5.2 Q8WQG6 C03G5.7 O61466 flp-5 encodes a predicted FMRFamide-like peptide neurotransmitter that increases action potential frequency in the pharyngeal muscle when applied to the pharynx of dissected worms; expressed in the sensory neurons ASE and PVM. C03G5.8 Q65ZI6 C03G6.11 O01450 C03G6.14 O02627 C03G6.15 O02628 C03G6.18 O01461 srp-5 encodes an ovalbumin-like serpin (ov-serpin) member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily; by homology, SRP-5 is predicted to function as a suicide substrate that inhibits the proteolytic activity of serine proteases; however, as loss of srp-5 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of SRP-5 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C03G6.19 O01462 C03G6.2 O01457 C03G6.3 O01456 C03G6.7 O01451 C03G6.9 O01447 C03H12.1 O17564 C03H5.1 O16660 C03H5.2 O16658 C03H5.3 O16657 C03H5.4 O16654 C03H5.5 O16656 C03H5.6 O16659 C03H5.7 O16655 C04A11.1 O17567 C04A11.2 O17568 C04A11.3 O17566 C04A11.4 O17569 In general, ADAM proteins have some or all of the following domains: a signal peptide, a propeptide, a metalloproteinase, a disintegrin, a cysteine-rich, and an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail; ADAMs are capable of proteolysis, adhesion, fusion, and intracellular signaling. C04A11.5 Q7YX90 C04A2.1 Q09445 C04A2.3a Q09228 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C04A2.3b Q09228 EGg Laying defective C04A2.3c Q86LT4 EGg Laying defective C04A2.7a Q09446 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. C04A2.7b Q09446 DNaJ domain (prokaryotic heat shock protein) C04A2.7c Q09446 DNaJ domain (prokaryotic heat shock protein) C04A2.7d Q8MQF1 DNaJ domain (prokaryotic heat shock protein) C04B4.1 Q17619 C04B4.2 Q17620 C04B4.3 Q17622 C04B4.4 Q17621 C04B4.5 Q17617 C04B4.6 Q17618 C04C11.1a Q17625 C04C11.2 Q17624 C04C3.1 O44454 C04C3.2 O44452 C04C3.3 O44451 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C04C3.4 O44449 C04C3.5 O44450 C04C3.6 O44453 C04C3.7 O44455 C04D8.1 P34288 C04E12.8 O76680 C04E6.10 O01468 C04E6.11 O01470 C04E6.12 O01471 C04E6.13 Q8IFY6 C04E6.2 O01473 C04E6.3 O01472 C04E6.4 O01469 C04E6.5 O01467 C04E6.6 O01465 C04E6.7 O01464 C04E6.8 O01463 C04E6.9 O01466 C04E7.1 Q11192 C04E7.2 Q11193 C04E7.3 Q11194 C04E7.4 Q8MQF0 C04F1.1 O61738 C04F1.2 P83389 C04F1.3 Q94160 C04F12.1 Q9XVF1 C04F12.10 Q9XVE5 Isoprenylation (geranylgeranylation and, to a lesser extent, farnesylation) of C. elegans proteins has been shown to occur, and there are roughly 300 genes whose products carry a C-terminal CaaX motif and could be substrates for FCE-1 or FCE-2 activity. C04F12.3 Q9U3S0 The last is a Death domain: such domains are generally apoptotic adaptors, mediating transmission of external stimuli controlling apoptosis to intracellular executors of apoptosis. C04F12.4 Q9XVE9 rpl-14 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L14 protein. C04F12.5 Q9XVE8 C04F12.6 Q9U3R8 C04F12.7 Q9U3R9 C04F12.8 Q9XVE7 C04F12.9 Q9XVE6 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C04F2.1 O76661 C04F2.4 O76662 C04F5.1 Q9GZC8 The sid-1 gene encodes a predicted transmembrane protein with conserved human (OMIM:606816) and mouse homologs of unknown function and is required cell autonomously for systemic RNA interference (RNAi); a SID-1::GFP fusion is enriched at the cell periphery of most nonneuronal cells from late embryogenesis through adulthood with highest levels detected in cells exposed to the environment. C04F5.2 Q9GZD6 C04F5.3 Q9GZD5 C04F5.4 Q9GZD4 C04F5.5 Q7KNQ6 C04F5.6 Q9GZD2 C04F5.7 Q9GZD1 C04F5.8 Q9GZD0 C04F5.9 Q9GZC9 C04F6.1 P06125 vit-5 encodes a vitellogenin, a lipid-binding protein precursor related to vertebrate vitellogenins and mammalian ApoB-100, a core LDL particle constituent; by homology, VIT-5 is predicted to function as a lipid transport protein; loss of vit-5 activity via large-scale RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) screens indicates that VIT-5 is required for embryogenesis and normal rates of postembryonic growth; VIT-5 is a major yolk component and is expressed exclusively in the adult hermaphrodite intestine from which it is secreted into the pseudocoelomic space and taken up by oocytes. C04F6.2 Q11175 C04F6.3 Q11174 cht-1 encodes a chitinase orthologous to human chitinase-1 (OMIM:600031, mutations are associated with chitotriosidase deficiency); CHT-1 is predicted to function as an extracellular O-glycosyl hydrolase that hydrolyzes the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates; in C. elegans, CHT-1 may play a role in embryogenesis, and may also be required for cuticle degradation during molting and degradation of chitin-containing pathogens as part of a host defense mechanism. C04F6.4a Q11176 unc-78 mutant phenotypes are similar in embryonic versus adult muscles. C04F6.4b Q86GT5 UNCoordinated C04F6.5 Q11177 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C04G2.1 Q17629 C04G2.10 Q17630 C04G2.11 Q17634 C04G2.2 Q17631 C04G2.4 P05634 C04G2.5 Q17628 C04G2.6 Q17632 C04G2.7 Q17627 EGL-38 protein, along with the Ets homolog F08H4.3, forms a ternary complex with the mb-1 promoter element in vitro. C04G2.8 Q17626 C04G2.9 Q17633 C04G6.10 Q95QY1 C04G6.11 Q95QY0 C04G6.1a Q17642 mpk-2 encodes a mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase; by homology, MPK-2 is predicted to function as a serine/threonine kinase that acts downstream of a receptor tyrosine kinase in a cell signaling pathway; however, as loss of mpk-2 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not produce any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of MPK-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C04G6.1b Q8IG56 MAP Kinase C04G6.1c Q6ABN8 MAP Kinase C04G6.2 Q17639 C04G6.3 Q17637 C04G6.4 Q17636 C04G6.5 Q17638 C04G6.6 Q17640 C04G6.7 Q17641 C04H4.1 Q7YX78 C04H5.1 O45241 C04H5.2 O62025 C04H5.3 O62026 C04H5.6 O45244 The components of the compensasome are generally conserved in metazoa: they thus are likely to act as a functional unit in C. elegans and other metazoa, and not merely in Drosophila alone. C04H5.7 Q95QX9 C04H5.8 Q7YX92 C05A2.1 O18148 C05A9.1 Q17645 pgp-5 encodes a transmembrane protein that is a member of the P-glycoprotein subclass of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily; by homology, PGP-5 is predicted to function as an ATP-dependent efflux pump that protects C. elegans by exporting exogenous toxins; however, as loss of pgp-5 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of PGP-5 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C05A9.2 Q17644 C05A9.3 Q17643 C05B10.1 O44128 C05B5.1 P34289 C05B5.2 P34290 C05B5.3 P34291 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C05B5.4 P34292 C05B5.5 P34293 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C05B5.6 P34294 C05B5.7 P34295 rgs-1 encodes a regulator of G protein signaling; by homology, RGS-1 is predicted to function as a GTPase-activating protein for heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunits, and in vitro RGS-1 can stimulate the GTPase activity of purified GOA-1; in vivo, rgs-1 appears to function redundantly with rgs-2 to regulate egg-laying behavior when animals are refed following starvation; rgs-1 is expressed in most or all neurons. C05B5.8 Q86DA7 C05B5.9 Q65ZC1 C05C10.1 Q09448 C05C10.2a Q09449 C05C10.2b Q95ZZ3 NAM7 protein C05C10.3 Q09450 C05C10.3 is orthologous to the human gene 3-OXOACID COA TRANSFERASE (also called succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase; OXCT; OMIM:245050), which when mutated leads to episodic ketoacidosis. C05C10.4 Q09451 C05C10.5a Q09230 C05C10.5b Q7JMK4 C05C10.6a Q17647 C05C10.6b Q95NM4 phospholipase activating protein C05C10.7 Q8I4N1 C05C12.1 Q17651 C05C12.3 Q17652 gtl-1 encodes a TRPM subfamily member of the TRP channel family that affects the periodicity of the defecation cycle in combination with gon-2; expression includes the intestine. C05C12.4 Q17649 C05C12.5 Q17648 C05C12.6 Q17650 C05C8.1 O16314 C05C8.2 O16311 C05C8.3 O16309 fkb-3 encodes a peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase homologous to mammalian FK506 immunosuppressant-binding protein 9; FKB-3 expression is positively regulated by signaling through the DAF-2 insulin receptor-like pathway and the activity of the DAF-16 fork-head transcription factor suggesting that FKB-3 could play a role in metabolism and longevity; however, as loss of FKB-3 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of FKB-3 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; FKB-3 contains a predicted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence and is thus proposed to localize to the ER. C05C8.4 O16310 C05C8.5 O16312 C05C8.6 O16313 C05C8.7 O16315 C05C8.8 O16316 C05C8.9a Q95X94 C05C8.9b Q95X93 C05C9.1 Q17654 C05C9.2 Q17655 C05C9.3 Q17656 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C05D10.1a Q11178 C05D10.1b Q8T3F6 C05D10.1c Q5TYM0 C05D10.2a Q11179 C05D10.2b Q8T3F7 C05D10.2c Q8T3F8 C05D10.3 Q11180 C05D10.4a Q11181 C05D10.4b Q11181 C05D10.4c Q11181 C05D11.1 P48053 C05D11.10 Q11189 C05D11.11a P50432 C05D11.11b P50432 Maternal Effect Lethal C05D11.12 Q11190 The let-721 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene SIMILAR TO ELECTRON-TRANSFERRING-FLAVOPROTEIN DEHYDROGENASE (ETFDH), which when mutated leads to glutaricaciduria type IIC (OMIM:231675). C05D11.13 Q11191 C05D11.2 Q11182 C05D11.3 Q11183 C05D11.4 Q11184 let-756 encodes an fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-like ligand that is required for progression through early larval development; LET-756 is expressed from late embryogenesis to adulthood, with a peak of expression in larvae; with EGL-17, LET-756 is redundantly required to activate EGL-15/FGFR, which in turn activates protein degradation in adult muscle cells; homozygotes for partial loss-of-function alleles are small, clear, and scrawny, but viable, while those for a null allele arrest in early larval development. C05D11.5 Q11185 C05D11.6 P55112 nas-4 encodes a predicted extracellular matrix metalloprotease of the M12A (astacin) family that contains an N-terminal signal sequence and a catalytic domain, but no recognizable regulatory domains in the C-terminus; as loss of nas-4 activity via RNAi results in no obvious abnormalities, the precise role of NAS-4 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; however, an NAS-4 translational reporter is expressed in the pharynx and intestine in larvae and adults, suggesting a role for NAS-4 in digestion; NAS-4 is specifically detected within cells of the pharyngeal procorpus, metacorpus, isthmus, and terminal bulb, with extracellular expression detected in the lumen of the terminal bulb and in the gut. C05D11.7a Q11186 C05D11.7b Q8T3F2 C05D11.8 Q11187 C05D11.9 Q11188 C05D12.1 Q17661 C05D12.2 Q17657 C05D12.3 Q6A4V9 C05D12.4 Q17658 C05D12.5 Q17659 C05D2.10a Q95X41 C05D2.10b Q95X42 C05D2.1a P50488 When expressed in COS cells, DAF-4 is able to bind human BMP2 and BMP4. C05D2.1c Q8ITX8 abnormal DAuer Formation C05D2.1d Q86DL9 abnormal DAuer Formation C05D2.3 O45138 C05D2.4b O45137 bas-1 encodes a serotonin- and dopamine-synthetic aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAADC) that is required for the synthesis of serotonin from 5-hydroxytryptophan in vivo; mutations of bas-1 impair the turning step in male mating, the migration of AVM, SDQR, ALM, and BDU neurons during development. C05D2.5 O45134 gak-1 encodes a protein that contains an AT hook motif, a DNA-binding domain that shows a preference for binding stretches of A/T base pairs; GAK-1 appears to play a role in meiotic chromosome segregation, as overexpression results in post-prophase I chromosome segregation abnormalities, and a corresponding increase in embryonic lethality and the proportion of genotypically XO males in an otherwise self-fertile, XX hermaphrodite population; loss of gak-1 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) results in sterility in the injected hermaphrodites, suggesting a possible role in germline development as well; gak-1 expression is enhanced in the germline, although its precise subcellular localization has not been reported. C05D2.6 O45133 C05D2.6 encodes an unfamiliar protein, with no known non-nematode homologs, that specifically binds GOA-1 in yeast two-hybrid assays; C05D2.6 is expressed in several head and tail neurons, pharyngeal muscle, intestine, distal tip cell of the gonad, with weak expression in the ventral nerve cord; C05D2.6 is required for fertility in RNAi assays, with a phenotype of either sterile progeny or reduced brood size for C05D2.6(RNAi) in an rrf-3 mutant background. C05D2.8 O45136 C05D9.1 Q9GYJ9 C05D9.2 Q9GYK0 C05D9.3 Q9GYK2 C05D9.4 Q9GYK3 C05D9.5 Q22888 The ife-4 gene encodes a member of the Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) family. C05D9.7 Q9GYK1 C05D9.9 Q95ZM9 C05E11.1 Q17667 C05E11.2 Q17666 C05E11.3 Q17664 C05E11.4 P54145 amt-1 encodes a transmembrane transporter that by homology, is predicted to transport ammonium ions across the plasma membrane; as loss of amt-1 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of AMT-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C05E11.5 Q17663 amt-4 encodes a member of the ammonium transporter protein family. C05E11.6 Q17662 C05E11.7 Q17665 C05E11.8 Q17668 flp-12 encodes a predicted FMRFamide-like peptide neurotransmitter that affects locomotion when injected into A. suum; expressed in the ASE and PVM sensory neurons. C05E4.1 O17365 srp-2 encodes an ovalbumin-like serpin (ov-serpin) member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily that is orthologous to human NEUROSERPIN (OMIM:602445, mutated in familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies); SRP-2 is predicted to function as a suicide substrate that inhibits the proteolytic activity of serine proteases, and in vitro, recombinant SRP-2 is able to inhibit granzyme B activity; however, as loss of srp-2 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of SRP-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; srp-2 expression is detected in hypodermal cells, particularly in the lateral seam cells. C05E4.10 O17354 C05E4.11 O17355 C05E4.13 O17361 C05E4.14a Q95X77 C05E4.2 O17363 C05E4.3 O17362 srp-1 encodes an ovalbumin-like serpin (ov-serpin) member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily; by homology, SRP-1 is predicted to function as a suicide substrate that inhibits the proteolytic activity of serine proteases; however, as loss of srp-1 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of SRP-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C05E4.4 O17360 C05E4.6 O17358 C05E4.9a Q10663 gei-7 encodes a predicted isocitrate lyase/malate synthase, an enzyme known to function in the glyoxylate cycle; GEI-7 was identified in a screen for proteins that interact with GEX-3, a homolog of human HEM-2 which is required for embryonic development; GEI-7 is required for embryonic morphogenesis and appears to act downstream of DAF-16 to influence lifespan. C05E4.9b Q8IA71 GEX Interacting protein C05E7.1 Q9U3R5 C05E7.2 Q17670 C05E7.3 Q17671 C05E7.4 Q17672 C05G5.1 Q17675 C05G5.2 Q17676 C05G5.3 Q17677 C05G5.4 P53596 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C05G5.5 Q17678 C05G6.1 Q65CM0 C05H8.1a Q8T8D4 ckk-1 encodes a calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase family member that affects CRE-dependent transcription in neurons. C06A1.1 P54811 C06A1.2 Q17683 C06A1.3 P48458 C06A1.5 Q17684 C06A1.6 Q9XVX3 C06A12.3 Q9XU41 C06A12.4 Q9XU42 C06A12.5 Q9XU43 C06A12.8 Q7YTS9 C06A5.1 O01483 C06A5.10 O01476 C06A5.11 Q95Q89 C06A5.2 O01480 C06A5.3a Q5TYK6 C06A5.3b Q5TYK5 C06A5.4 O01474 C06A5.5 O01475 C06A5.6 O01477 C06A5.7a O01479 tmd-1 encodes a predicted member of the tropomodulin family and affects egg laying, locomotion, and muscle organization in one analysis using RNAi. C06A5.7b Q95Q88 TropoMoDulin C06A5.8a O01481 C06A5.8b Q86ND0 C06A5.9 O01482 C06A6.2a Q8MQE8 C06A6.2b Q8MQE9 C06A6.3 Q17687 C06A6.4a Q17686 C06A6.4b Q5WRS4 C06A6.5 Q17688 C06A6.7 Q7JP64 C06A8.1a Q17693 C06A8.1 is orthologous to human MSH HOMEO BOX HOMOLOG 1 (MTHFR; OMIM:142983, mutated in homocystinuria). C06A8.1b Q8MQE7 C06A8.2 Q17694 C06A8.3 Q17698 C06A8.4 Q17696 skr-17's most closely related paralog in the C. elegans genome is skr-18, with which it shares a statistically significant evolutionary grouping. C06A8.5 Q17695 C06A8.6 Q17692 C06A8.7 Q17690 C06A8.8a Q17691 C06A8.8b Q8IG54 C06A8.9 Q17697 C06B3.1 Q17700 C06B3.10 Q17709 C06B3.11 Q17710 C06B3.2 Q17701 C06B3.3 O02651 C06B3.4 Q17703 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C06B3.5 Q17704 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C06B3.6 Q17705 C06B3.7 Q17706 C06B3.9 O62028 C06B8.1 O17573 C06B8.10 Q7YTT3 C06B8.11 Q7YTR8 C06B8.2a O17576 C06B8.2b Q95NI2 C06B8.3 O17574 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C06B8.4 O17571 C06B8.6 O17572 C06B8.7 O17575 C06B8.8 O17570 rpl-38 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L38 protein. C06B8.9 Q86D23 C06C3.1a Q17718 C06C3.1b Q8I041 Maternal Effect Lethal C06C3.1c Q8I0N9 Maternal Effect Lethal C06C3.1d Q6BEV7 Maternal Effect Lethal C06C3.3 Q17711 C06C3.4 Q17717 C06C3.6 Q17713 C06C3.7 Q17714 C06C3.8 Q17715 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C06C6.1 O18082 C06C6.2 O62030 C06C6.3 O62029 C06C6.4 O62034 C06C6.5a O62031 C06C6.5b Q9GTG3 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family C06C6.6 O62032 C06C6.7 O62033 C06C6.8 O62035 C06C6.9 O62036 C06E1.1 P34296 C06E1.10 P34305 The components of the compensasome are generally conserved in metazoa: they thus are likely to act as a functional unit in C. elegans and other metazoa, and not merely in Drosophila alone. C06E1.11 P34306 C06E1.3 P34298 C06E1.4 P34299 glr-1 encodes an AMPA (non-NMDA)-type ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit; GLR-1 activity is required for mediating the behavioral response to light nose touch and the frequency with which animals change locomotory direction in response to sensory cues such as food; GLR-1 and GLR-2, a second AMPA-type ionotropic glutatmate receptor, can interact to form functional heteromeric channels; GLR-1 is expressed in motorneurons and interneurons, including four of the five pairs of command interneurons that are required for locomotory control; in the ventral nerve cord and nerve ring, GLR-1 localizes to perinuclear structures in cell bodies and to punctate structures that appear to be glutamatergic postsynaptic specializations; proper GLR-1 localization in the anterior ventral nerve cord of older larvae and adults requires activity of the class I PDZ protein LIN-10; GLR-1 is ubiquitinated in vivo and its abundance at postsynaptic elements, which may influence postsynaptic strength, is regulated by ubiquitination. C06E1.5 P34300 C06E1.6 P34301 C06E1.7 P34302 C06E1.8 P34303 C06E1.9 P34304 C06E2.1 Q17721 C06E2.2 Q17722 C06E2.3 P52484 C06E2.5 Q17719 C06E2.7 Q17720 ubc-22 encodes an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae UBC8 and human UBC1/HIP2 (Huntingtin interacting protein 2, OMIM:602846) which are involved in regulating fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and huntingtin catabolism, respectively; by homology, UBC-22 is likely required for covalent attachment of ubiquitin to select target proteins to facilitate their degradation; however, as loss of UBC-22 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of UBC-22 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C06E2.8 Q7JP91 Like the mitogenic stimulators IGF-I and IGF-II, INS-9 does not contain the internal C peptide that is proteolytically cleaved from insulin, a metabolic regulator. C06E4.1 Q17729 C06E4.2 Q17728 C06E4.3 Q17726 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C06E4.4 Q17725 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C06E4.5 Q17723 C06E4.6 Q17724 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C06E4.7 Q17727 C06E4.8 Q17730 C06E7.1a P50305 C06E7.1b Q95QX7 C06E7.1c Q8I7M9 C06E7.1d Q86NI3 C06E7.2 Q17731 C06E7.3a P50306 C06E7.3b Q86NI4 C06E7.4 Q17732 C06E7.6 P54218 Uncloned locus required for sperm activation (morphogenesis of sperm to crawling spermatozoa), and may act in a common signaling pathway with spe-12 and spe-29 to initiate sperm activation, based on genetic analysis. C06E7.7 Q17734 C06E8.1 Q17739 C06E8.3a Q17737 C06E8.3b Q95QX6 Pim (mammalian oncogene) Related Kinase C06E8.3c Q8T3F1 Pim (mammalian oncogene) Related Kinase C06E8.4 Q17736 C06E8.5 Q17738 C06G1.1 Q17743 C06G1.2 Q17742 C06G1.4 Q17740 C06G1.5 Q17744 C06G3.10 Q21444 C06G3.11a Q17754 tin-9 encodes a member of the Tim10/DDP family of zinc finger proteins, a family of proteins typically involved in mitochondrial protein import, and localized to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. C06G3.11b Q86B35 Transport to INner mitochondrial membrane (yeast TIM) C06G3.12 Q17756 C06G3.2 Q17753 C06G3.3 Q17751 C06G3.4 Q17748 C06G3.5a Q17747 C06G3.5 is orthologous to human ADENOSINE DEAMINASE (ADA; OMIM:102700), which when mutated leads to severe combined immunodeficiency. C06G3.5b Q86NI2 C06G3.6 Q17746 C06G3.7 Q17745 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C06G3.8 Q17749 C06G3.9 Q17750 C06G4.1 P34307 C06G4.2c P34308 One hypothesis to explain these data is that perturbation of intracellular concentrations of calcium may initiate neuronal degeneration by deregulating proteolysis. C06G4.2d P34308 CaLPain family C06G4.4 P34310 C06G4.5 P34311 C06G8.1 Q17757 C06G8.2 Q17758 opt-1 encodes a high-affinity, proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter; when expressed in Xenopus ooctyes, OPT-1 exhibits proton-coupled transport activity for a broad spectrum of peptide substrates; opt-1 mRNA is detected at all stages of development, but is expressed at highest levels in late larval and adult stages; additionally, an opt-1::GFP reporter exhibits expression primarily in vulval, pharyngeal, and anal muscles; as loss of opt-1 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of opt-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C06G8.3b Q6BEU0 C06G8.4 Q17760 C06H2.1 Q17763 C06H2.2 Q17764 C06H2.3 Q17765 C06H2.4 Q17766 C06H2.4 is orthologous to the human gene THIAMINE TRANSPORTER 1 (SLC19A2; OMIM:603941), which when mutated leads to disease. C06H2.5 Q17767 C06H2.6 Q8WQG5 C06H2.7 Q7YTR1 C06H5.1 O17577 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C06H5.2 O17578 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C06H5.6 Q9BH94 C06H5.7 Q9U3R3 C07A12.1a Q95QX3 The pharynx unattached to the nose (Pun) phenotype seen in ham-2 mutant animals suggests that cellular adhesion molecules may be candidate downstream targets of HAM-2. C07A12.1b Q7JP32 HSN Abnormal Migration C07A12.2 Q17772 C07A12.3 Q17771 C07A12.4a Q17770 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C07A12.4b Q8IG53 Protein Disulfide Isomerase C07A12.5a Q17768 C07A12.5b Q17768 Suppressor of PResenilin defect C07A12.7a Q95QX5 C07A12.7b Q95QX4 C07A12.7c Q86GT7 C07A4.1 Q93194 C07A4.2 Q93192 C07A4.3 Q93193 C07A9.1 P34312 C07A9.10 P34321 C07A9.11 P34322 C07A9.2 P34313 C07A9.3a P34314 Proteins bearing such domains can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. C07A9.3b P34314 Tousled-Like Kinase C07A9.4 P34315 C07A9.5 P34316 C07A9.6 P34317 C07A9.7a P34318 C07A9.7b Q8I4M9 C07A9.8 P34319 C07A9.9 P34320 C07B5.2 Q17775 C07B5.3 Q17776 C07B5.4a Q17777 C07B5.4b Q5WRQ4 C07B5.5 Q17778 The nuc-1 gene encodes a DNase II homolog similar to mammalian and Drosophila DNaseII enzymes and is required for DNA degradation during apoptosis as well as for degradation of dietary DNA during normal feeding; during apoptosis, NUC-1 functions in apoptotic cells at an intermediate stage of DNA degradation, after the killing step, but prior to cell-corpse engulfment. C07B5.6 O62038 C07C7.1 Q17779 C07D10.1 Q17783 C07D10.2a Q17782 The C07D10.2 gene encodes a protein with a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain that may be involved in apoptosis. C07D10.2b Q95QX2 C07D10.3 Q17781 C07D10.4 P55113 C07D10.5 Q17780 C07D8.2 P91024 C07D8.3 P91023 C07D8.5 P91021 C07D8.6 P91020 C07E3.10 O17579 C07E3.1a Q17784 C07E3.1b Q9U3R2 C07E3.2 O17580 C07E3.3 Q17786 C07E3.4 Q17787 C07E3.5 Q17788 C07E3.6 Q17792 C07E3.8 Q17791 C07E3.9 Q17790 C07F11.1 Q9N5Z3 marcescens. C07F11.2 Q9N5Z4 C07G1.1 Q17800 try-2 encodes a homolog of human TRYP1 and ELA2; mutation of human TRYP1 or ELA2 leads, respectively, to hereditary pancreatitis (OMIM:276000) or cyclic haematopoiesis (OMIM:162800). C07G1.2 Q17797 C07G1.3a Q17794 C07G1.3b Q95QX1 PCTAIRE class cell cycle kinase C07G1.3c Q8I7M8 PCTAIRE class cell cycle kinase C07G1.4a Q17795 WSP-1 activates the actin-related protein complex Arp2/3 (comprised of ARX-1, ARX-2, ARX-4, ARX-5, ARX-6 and ARX-7) biochemically in vitro; wsp-1(RNAi) animals phenotypically resemble those with RNAi directed against Arp2/3; and WSP-1 colocalizes with Arp2/3 at the leading edge of migrating hypodermal cells. C07G1.4b Q8MQE6 WASP (actin cytoskeleton modulator) homolog C07G1.5 Q17796 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C07G1.6 Q17798 C07G1.7 Q17799 C07G2.1a Q17802 Some evidence once suggested that cej-1 was identical to emb-8, but this identity is no longer considered likely. C07G2.1b Q17802 CEll Junction protein C07G2.2a Q9U3R1 C07G2.2b Q17801 ATF (cAMP-dependent transciption factor) family C07G2.2c Q86MD3 ATF (cAMP-dependent transciption factor) family C07G2.3a P47209 A homolog of the mouse chaperonin Ccte that affects protein folding; it is expressed at all life stages. C07G2.3b Q8WQG4 Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 C07G3.3 O16326 C07G3.4 O16325 C07G3.5 O16324 C07G3.6 O16323 C07H4.1 Q17803 C07H4.2 Q17804 Mutation of human CLC1 or CLCN5 leads, respectively, to Thomsen disease (OMIM:160800) or Dent disease (OMIM:300009). C07H6.1 Q95YE6 C07H6.2 Q95YE7 C07H6.3 Q95YF0 C07H6.4 Q95YF1 C07H6.5 Q95YF3 The ortholog of a RNA helicase ste13/ME31B/RCK/p54 that is required for oocyte and sperm function and the prevention of physiological germline-associated apoptosis; it is expressed in the early embryo and germline and localizes to P granules. C07H6.6 Q95YE9 A functional CLK-2::GFP fusion protein is cytoplasmic in worms. C07H6.7 P34684 C07H6.8 Q95YE8 cux-7 encodes an conserved but unfamiliar protein orthologous to the human gene XE7 and the Drosophila gene CG2179-PA; since cux-7 is in an operon with clk-2, CUX-7 might have some role in telomere maintenance, development or rhythmic behavior; however, cux-7 currently has no known function, and is dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens. C07H6.9 Q95YF2 C08A9.1 P41977 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C08A9.3 Q17806 C08A9.4 Q17807 C08A9.5 Q17808 C08A9.6 Q17809 C08A9.7 Q17810 C08A9.8 Q17811 C08A9.9 Q17812 C08B11.1 P21541 C08B11.2 Q09440 C08B11.3 Q09441 C08B11.4 Q09225 C08B11.5 Q09442 C08B11.6 Q09443 C08B11.7 Q09444 C08B11.8 Q09226 C08B11.9 Q09227 C08B6.1 Q17813 C08B6.10 Q17821 C08B6.11 Q8MQE5 C08B6.12 Q7YTS7 C08B6.2 Q17814 C08B6.3 Q17815 C08B6.4a Q17816 C08B6.4b Q65ZB0 C08B6.5 Q17817 C08B6.6 Q17822 C08B6.7 Q17818 C08B6.8 Q17819 C08B6.9 Q17820 aos-1 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Aos1p and human SUMO-1 activating enzyme E1 N subunit; by homology, AOS-1 is predicted to play a role in protein targeting and/or stabilization and to form, with UBA-2, a heterodimeric enzyme that activates the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO in preparation for its covalent attachment to target proteins; loss of aos-1 activity via large-scale RNAi screens indicates that AOS-1 is required for embryonic and larval development. C08C3.1a P17486 egl-5 encodes one of three C. elegans posterior group homeodomain transcription factors (egl-5, php-3, and nob-1) that are collectively orthologous to Drosophila Abd-B and the vertebrate Hox9-13 proteins. C08C3.1b Q21061 EGg Laying defective C08C3.1c Q7YZV2 EGg Laying defective C08C3.2 P34324 C08C3.3 P10038 C08C3.4 P34325 C08D8.1 Q17824 C08D8.2a Q17823 C08D8.2b Q8I7M7 TropoMoDulin C08E3.1 O18654 C08E3.10 O17201 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C08E3.11 O17202 C08E3.12 O17203 C08E3.13 O18654 C08E3.2 O17197 C08E3.3 O17193 C08E3.4 O17194 C08E3.5 O17195 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C08E3.6 O17196 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C08E3.7 O17198 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C08E3.8 O17199 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C08E3.9 O17200 C08E8.1 O62039 C08E8.2 O62040 C08E8.3 O62042 C08E8.4 O62041 C08E8.5 Q7YX98 C08E8.6 Q7YX97 C08F1.1 O17179 C08F1.10 Q8MXJ2 C08F1.3 O17178 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C08F1.4a O17175 The C08F1.4 gene encodes a protein closely similar to F36H5.2, which has a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain and may be involved in apoptosis. C08F1.4b Q8MXJ3 C08F1.5 O17176 C08F1.6 O17177 C08F1.8 O17181 C08F1.9 O17182 C08F11.1 Q9U3Q9 C08F11.10 O62052 C08F11.11 O62053 C08F11.12 Q9U3R0 C08F11.13 O62054 C08F11.14 Q9U3Q5 C08F11.2 O62048 C08F11.3 O62049 C08F11.4 O62050 C08F11.5 Q9U3Q8 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C08F11.7 Q9U3Q7 C08F11.8 Q9U3Q6 C08F11.9 O62051 C08F8.1 Q17827 C08F8.2 Q17828 C08F8.3 Q17829 C08F8.4 Q17826 C08F8.5 Q17830 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C08F8.6 Q17825 C08F8.7 O01312 C08F8.8 Q9XVV3 C08F8.9 Q7YX96 C08G5.1 Q9TZL6 C08G5.2 Q9TZL5 C08G5.3 Q9TZL4 C08G5.4 Q9TZL3 C08G5.5 Q9TZL2 C08G5.6 Q9TZL1 C08G9.1 Q8MXJ0 C08G9.2 O44131 C08H9.1 P52714 C08H9.10 Q17834 C08H9.11 Q17835 C08H9.12 Q17836 C08H9.13 Q17839 C08H9.14 Q17840 C08H9.15 Q7YX93 C08H9.2 Q17832 C08H9.3a P52887 C08H9.3b P52887 C08H9.4 Q17838 C08H9.5 Q17833 C08H9.6 Q17841 C08H9.7 Q17837 C08H9.8 Q17842 C09B7.1a Q22895 C09B7.1b Q8T3C1 SERotonin/octopamine receptor family C09B7.1c Q86GT6 SERotonin/octopamine receptor family C09B7.2 Q22894 C09B8.1 Q17848 ipp-5 encodes a type I inositol 5-phosphatase homolog; ipp-5 acts downstream of let-23 to negatively regulate IP3 signaling and is involved in spermathecal contractions during ovulation; an ipp-5::gfp transcriptional reporter is expressed in the adult distal spermatheca and weakly in the proximal sheath. C09B8.6a Q17849 C09B8.6b Q86GU1 Heat Shock Protein C09B8.6c Q5H9M9 Heat Shock Protein C09B8.7a Q17850 pak-1 is orthologous to the human gene P21-ACTIVATED KINASE 3 (PAK3; OMIM:300142), which when mutated leads to nonsyndromic mental retardation. C09B8.7b Q17850 P21-Activated Kinase family C09B8.7c Q17850 P21-Activated Kinase family C09B8.7e Q17850 P21-Activated Kinase family C09B9.1 Q17854 C09B9.2 Q17852 C09B9.3 Q17851 C09B9.4 Q17853 C09B9.6 Q17856 msp-55 encodes a member of the major sperm protein family. C09B9.7 P90742 C09C7.1 Q17858 C09D1.1a O01761 C09D1.1b Q7Z120 UNCoordinated C09D1.1c Q7Z119 protein kinase C09D1.1d Q5W614 UNCoordinated C09D1.1e Q5W615 UNCoordinated C09D1.1f Q5W617 UNCoordinated C09D1.1g Q5W616 UNCoordinated C09D1.2 O01762 C09D4.1a O01735 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C09D4.1b Q5W618 C09D4.2 O01734 C09D4.3 O01733 C09D4.4a O01731 C09D4.4b Q960A4 C09D4.4c Q960A5 C09D4.5 O02639 rpl-19 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L19 protein. C09D4.6 O01732 C09D8.1c Q8I120 ptp-3 encodes a receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase orthologous to the LAR (Leukocyte Common Antigen Related, OMIM:179590) subfamily of receptor-like tyrosine phosphatases that contain extracellular immunoglobulin-like and fibronectin type III domains and have been implicated in linking cell adhesion to intracellular phosphotyrosine levels; PTP-3 plays a role in gastrulation and epidermal development and functions partly redundantly with the VAB-1 Eph receptor and ephrins VAB-2 and EFN-4 to regulate embryonic morphogenesis; PTP-3 is expressed in many tissues during early embryogenesis, but expression later becomes localized to neuronal processes and epithelial adherens junctions. C09E10.2a Q7JNZ1 The dgk-1 gene encodes an ortholog of diacylglyerol kinase that affects movement, egg laying, and synaptic transmission; it genetically interacts with the goa-1 and egl-30 signaling pathways, and is expressed in neurons. C09E10.2b Q17860 diacylglycerol kinase C09E7.1 Q95YE4 C09E7.2 Q95YE5 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C09E7.3 Q9N5Z2 C09E7.4 Q9N5Z0 C09E7.5 Q9N5Y9 C09E7.6 Q9N5Y8 C09E7.7 Q9N5Y7 C09E7.8a Q8IAB9 C09E7.8b Q8IAB8 C09E7.9 Q95YE3 C09E8.1a Q9TZQ4 C09E8.1b Q8ITX0 C09E8.2a O76556 C09E8.2b Q8ITX1 C09E8.3 O76555 C09E9.1 Q93196 C09E9.2 Q93197 C09F12.1 Q93198 Ultrastructurally, pharyngeal CLC-1 might be located in an intercellular junction region localized more apically than the zonula adherens-like 'apical junctions', with membranes closely apposed. C09F12.2 Q93199 C09F12.3 Q7YSP5 C09F5.1 Q09231 C09F5.2 Q09232 C09F5.3 Q09452 C09F9.1 O62058 C09F9.2 O62055 C09F9.3 Q95ZZ0 C09F9.4 Q9U3Q4 C09G1.1 Q17862 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C09G1.2 Q17863 C09G1.3 Q17864 C09G1.4 Q17865 C09G1.5 Q7YTR3 C09G12.10 Q6A587 C09G12.11 Q6A588 C09G12.16 Q688B8 C09G12.2 O44460 C09G12.3 O44459 C09G12.6 Q688B9 C09G12.8a Q03206 Overexpression of ced-10 also rescues the distal tip cell migration defects of ced-12 mutants. C09G12.8b Q03206 RAS-related protein C09G4.1 Q9GYR9 hyl-1 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein that is related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae LAG1 (longevity assurance gene), a protein preferentially expressed in young yeasts; by homology, HYL-1 is predicted to have several possible functions, including regulation of lipid, particularly ceramide, biosynthesis, regulation of lipid transport, and regulation of protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum; in C. elegans, however, neither the precise role of HYL-1 in development and/or behavior nor the hyl-1 expression pattern is yet known. C09G4.2a Q8MQE3 C09G4.2b Q8MQE2 C09G4.2c Q8MQE4 C09G4.2d Q8I7M6 C09G4.3 Q17868 A homolog of Cks/Suc1, a highly conserved member of the eukaryotic cell cycle machinery that affects both meiosis and mitosis and has a role in the inactivation of the M-phase promoting factor (MPF) during early embryogenesis. C09G4.4 Q9GYS1 C09G4.5 Q9GYS1 mes-6 encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that is orthologous to Drosophila Extra sex combs (Esc); as a member of a Polycomb-like chromatin repressive complex with MES-2 and MES-3, MES-6 is required maternally for normal germline development and during larval development, for anteroposterior patterning; during germline development, the MES-2/MES-3/MES-6 complex is believed to be essential for maintaining repression of the X chromosome, and in transgenic animals, the complex is necessary for germline repression of repetitive transgenes; in axial patterning, the MES-2/MES-3/MES-6 complex is required in somatic tissues for maintaining homeotic gene repression, acting upstream of the Hox genes lin-39, mab-5, and egl-5, as well as the egl-5 target gene lin-32; MES-6 expression is detected in the nuclei of all cells during early embryogenesis, in the germline precursors Z2 and Z3 and faintly in some somatic cells during late embryogenesis and the L1 larval stage, widely in later larvae, and in germline and oocyte nuclei in adults; normal MES-6 distribution is dependent upon wild-type activity of MES-2 and MES-3, and likewise, distribution of MES-3 is dependent upon wild-type activity of MES-2 and MES-6. C09G5.1 Q09453 ggr-1 encodes a predicted member of the GABA/ glycine receptor family of ligand-gated chloride channels that affects thermotaxis; expressed in AIB, PVR, PVQ, AVH, and SMDV neurons and in some motor neurons in the ventral cord, and in the egg-laying muscles. C09G5.2 Q09454 The existence of the archaeal homologs is consistent with reports that archaea may have either dipthamide or a precursor of it (e.g., diphthamine). C09G5.3 Q09233 C09G5.4 Q09455 col-39 encodes a collagen that is individually dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens; the amino- and carboxyl-terminal cysteine-rich regions of COL-39 are most closely related to those of COL-8, COL-19, and COL-35. C09G5.5 Q09456 C09G5.6 Q09457 The unusual molecular nature of BLI-1 is illustrated by the presence of long and highly charged amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains that may serve to connect the cortical and basal layers that flank the medial layer of the adult cuticle. C09G5.7 Q09458 C09G5.8 Q09459 C09G9.1 Q17871 C09G9.2 Q17872 C09G9.3 Q17873 C09G9.4 Q17874 C09G9.5 Q17875 C09G9.6 Q17877 The oma-1 gene encodes a zinc finger protein of the TIS11 finger type that is paralogous to OMA-2; while either oma-1 or oma-2 individually have no obvious mutant phenotype, a normal copy of at least one of these genes is required for oocyte maturation. C09G9.7 Q17876 C09G9.8 Q7YX87 C09H10.1 Q17879 C09H10.10 Q9U3Q2 C09H10.2 P48166 rpl-41 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L41 protein; by homology, RPL-41 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis. C09H10.3 Q17880 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C09H10.5 Q17882 C09H10.6 Q17886 C09H10.7 Q17883 C09H10.8 Q17884 C09H10.9 Q17885 C09H5.1 O16333 C09H5.2a O16331 C09H5.2b Q8IA86 C09H5.3 O16328 C09H5.4 O16329 C09H5.5 O16330 C09H5.6 O16332 C09H5.7 O16334 C09H5.9 O16336 C09H6.1a O17582 C09H6.1b O17582 Suppressor of PResenilin defect C09H6.2a O17583 The lin-10 gene encodes a PDZ and PTB domain-containing protein that is homologous to mammalian Munc interacting proteins (Mint1, OMIM:602414) and is required for polarized protein localization; LIN-10 is required for proper localization of the LET-23 EGF receptor to the basolateral membrane of the vulval precursor cells and for proper postsynaptic localization of GLR-1, an AMPA-type glutamate receptor in interneurons; LIN-10 is detected in the cytoplasm, membrane, and at particularly high levels in the Golgi. C09H6.2b O17583 Phosphotyrosine interaction domain (PTB/PID)., PDZ domain (Also known as DHR or GLGF). (2 domains) C09H6.3 O17581 C10A4.1 Q17894 C10A4.2 Q17892 C10A4.3 Q17891 C10A4.4 Q17890 C10A4.5 Q17889 C10A4.6 Q17888 C10A4.7 Q17893 C10A4.8 Q17895 C10B5.1 O16318 C10B5.3 O16319 C10C5.1 Q17897 C10C5.2 Q17896 C10C5.3 Q17898 C10C5.4 Q17899 C10C5.5 Q17900 C10C5.6a Q17901 daf-15(m81) mutants have growth nearly arrested at L2 but do not entirely stop feeding; their head shape, cuticle, and intestinal ultrastructure are nondauer, while their sensory structures (amphid and deirid) and excretory gland morphology are intermediate between dauer and nondauer. C10C5.6b Q9XTJ1 abnormal DAuer Formation C10C5.7 Q7YX82 C10C6.1 P90744 C10C6.2 P90745 C10C6.3 P90743 C10C6.5 P90746 C10C6.6 P90747 C10C6.7 Q8I130 C10E2.1 O17327 C10E2.2 O17324 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C10E2.4 O17325 C10E2.5 O17326 C10E2.6 O17328 C10F3.1 O16883 C10F3.2 O16881 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C10F3.3 O16880 The acy-2 gene may partially overlap in its function with acy-1, acy-3, or acy-4. C10F3.4a O16879 C10F3.4b Q5ZR76 C10F3.5 Q27873 C10F3.6 O16882 C10F3.7 Q8IA79 C10G11.1 P91034 C10G11.10 P91033 C10G11.2 P91032 C10G11.3 P91031 C10G11.4 P91030 C10G11.5a P91029 C10G11.5b Q8T3C0 PaNtothenate Kinase C10G11.5c Q86NC9 PaNtothenate Kinase C10G11.6 P91028 C10G11.7 P91027 C10G11.8 P91025 C10G11.9 P91026 C10G6.1a Q17902 C10G6.1b Q65ZH5 C10G8.1 Q94168 C10G8.2 Q94164 C10G8.3 Q94163 C10G8.4 Q94162 C10G8.5a Q8MYP5 C10G8.5b Q8MYP6 Na/Ca eXchangers C10G8.5c Q8I7I7 Na/Ca eXchangers C10G8.5d Q8I7I8 Na/Ca eXchangers C10G8.6 Q94165 ceh-34 encodes a homeodomain protein, homologous to human SIX2 (OMIM:604994), that is expressed very weakly in the pharynxes of late embryos and early larvae; it has no known function. C10G8.7 Q94166 a homeodomain transcription factor of the six/sine oculis (so) gene family; affects gonad formation, and is expressed in the pharynx. C10G8.8a Q94167 C10G8.8b Q8I7I6 C10H11.1 P91041 C10H11.10 P91042 C10H11.3 P91039 C10H11.4 P91038 C10H11.5 P91037 C10H11.6 P91036 C10H11.7 P91035 C10H11.8 P91040 C10H11.9 P92199 Since embryos doubly mutant in let-502 and mel-11 elongate nearly normally, but a third mutation in fem-2 blocks this elongation, the signalling pathway mediated by LET-502 must be at least partially redundant with another pathway mediated by the PP2c phosphatase; other genes such as fem-1, fem-3, tra-1, and tra-3 are not required for this function of FEM-2 in elongation. C11D2.1 O45073 C11D2.2 O45072 C11D2.3 O45068 C11D2.4 O45069 C11D2.6a Q688B4 C11D2.6b Q688B3 Novel Channel type/putative Nematode CAlcium channel C11D2.6c Q8MXH5 Novel Channel type/putative Nematode CAlcium channel C11D2.6d Q688B2 Novel Channel type/putative Nematode CAlcium channel C11D2.7 Q8MXH7 C11D9.1 O01847 C11E4.1 Q93204 C11E4.2 Q95003 C11E4.3 Q93205 C11E4.4 Q93201 C11E4.6 Q93203 C11E4.7 Q93206 C11E4.8 Q7YX70 C11G10.1 Q17903 C11G10.2 Q17904 C11G6.1 Q17907 Based upon interactions reported for mammalian and Drosophila TAF-3 homologs, TAF-3 may be predicted to selectively interact with TAF-11, the C. elegans homolog of human TAFII30, to contribute to transcriptional regulation. C11G6.2 Q17908 C11G6.3 Q17909 C11G6.4a Q17905 C11H1.2 Q17912 C11H1.3 Q17911 C11H1.4 Q17916 prx-1 encodes a predicted peroxin, a subfamily 2 member of the AAA (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) family that affects growth in one large-scale RNAi screen; expressed in intestinal cells throughout development. C11H1.5 Q17910 C11H1.7 Q17915 C11H1.8 Q8MQE1 C11H1.9a Q5WRP2 C11H1.9b Q5WRP1 C12C8.1 O45246 hsp-70 encodes a member of the hsp70 family. C12C8.2 O02215 C12C8.3a Q9U489 The lin-41 gene encodes a novel RBCC (Ring finger-B box-Coiled coil) protein that is a member of the NHL (NCL-1, HT2A, and LIN-41) family of proteins and is required for the proper temporal control of specific postembryonic cell fates; lin-41 translation is negatively regulated during L4 and adult stages by let-7, a small temporally regulated RNA (stRNA) that is complementary to two sites in the lin-41 3'UTR; LIN-41 is a widely expressed cytoplasmic protein and negatively regulates post-transcriptional expression of LIN-29, a transcription factor required for adult cell fates. C12C8.3b Q9U490 abnormal cell LINeage C12D12.1a Q17921 C12D12.1b Q95QX0 C12D12.2a Q10901 C12D12.2b Q10901 GLutamate Transporter family C12D12.3 Q17919 C12D12.4 Q17918 C12D12.5 Q17922 C12D12.6 Q17923 C12D5.10 Q17932 C12D5.11 Q8I7M5 C12D5.2 Q17929 C12D5.3 Q17927 C12D5.4 Q17925 C12D5.5 Q17924 C12D5.7 Q27470 C12D5.8a Q8I7M4 C12D5.8b Q8I7M3 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family C12D5.9 Q17930 C12D8.10a Q17941 akt-1(sa573) and akt-1(sa700) mutants have a tendency to stay near the border of the bacterial lawn rather than dispersing; the Hid phenotype of akt-1(sa573) is suppressed by daf-16. C12D8.10b Q17942 PH (pleckstrin homology) domain, Protein kinase C terminal domain C12D8.10c Q8MQE0 AKT kinase family C12D8.11 Q27274 C12D8.12 Q17943 C12D8.13 Q7YTS4 C12D8.14 Q7YTS3 C12D8.15 Q7YTS2 C12D8.16 Q7YTS1 C12D8.17 Q7YTS0 C12D8.1a Q17935 A dominant-negative form of FUBP1-like proteins can be generated in vitro and expressed transgenically; doing so negatively regulates the activity of several other transcription factors associated with c-myc's FUSE site. C12D8.1b Q17936 RNA binding protein C12D8.4 Q17937 C12D8.5 Q17938 C12D8.6 Q17934 C12D8.8 Q17939 C12D8.9 Q17940 C13A10.1 P91044 C13A10.2 P91043 C13A2.1 O16878 C13A2.10 O16872 C13A2.11 O16875 C13A2.2 O16877 C13A2.3 O16876 C13A2.4 O16874 C13A2.5 O16873 C13A2.6 O16871 C13A2.7 O16870 C13A2.9 O16869 C13B4.1 O45247 C13B4.2 Q17361 usp-14 encodes a homolog of ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (Usp14), a highly conserved thiol protease that hydrolyzes the peptide bond at the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin (OMIM:607274, mutations are associated with synaptic defects in ataxia mice); by homology, USP-14 is predicted to function in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, or regulation of protein localization or activity; as loss of USP-14 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of USP-14 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C13B7.1 Q9UAU9 C13B7.2 Q9UAU8 C13B7.3 Q95X13 C13B7.4 Q9N4Y6 C13B7.5 Q9UAU7 C13B7.6 Q95X12 C13B9.1 Q09234 C13B9.2 Q09235 C13B9.3 Q09236 C13B9.3 encodes a delta subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex; in mass RNAi assays, C13B9.3 is required for fertility and general health. C13B9.4a Q09460 C13B9.4 is orthologous to the human gene CALCITONIN RECEPTOR (CALCR; OMIM:114131), which when mutated leads to disease. C13B9.4b Q6W3C3 C13B9.4c Q6W3C2 C13C12.2 Q17944 C13C4.1 O01929 C13C4.2 O01931 C13C4.3 O01930 C13C4.4 O01926 C13C4.5 O01927 C13C4.6 O01928 C13C4.7 Q7YTR4 C13D9.1 O16246 C13D9.2 O16245 C13D9.3 O16244 C13D9.4 O16238 C13D9.5 O16239 C13D9.6 O16240 C13D9.7 O16241 C13D9.8 O16242 C13D9.9 O16243 C13E3.1 Q8WQC2 C13F10.1a Q95Q86 C13F10.1b Q95Q87 C13F10.2 O01488 C13F10.4 O01485 C13F10.5 O01486 C13F10.6 O01487 C13F10.7 O01489 C13G3.1 Q17947 C13G3.2 Q17946 C13G3.3a Q17948 C13G3.3b Q9U3Q1 C13G5.1 P34326 ceh-16 encodes a protein that contains a homeobox domain. C13G5.2 P34327 C14A11.2 O02135 C14A11.3a O02134 C14A11.3b O02133 Temporarily Assigned Gene name C14A11.5 O02136 C14A11.6 O02137 C14A11.7 O02139 C14A4.1 Q17949 C14A4.10 Q17957 taf-13 encodes a predicted member of the transcription initiation factor IID, 18kDa subunit family with similarity to Drosophila Taf13. C14A4.11 Q17958 C14A4.12a Q17959 C14A4.12b Q7JMG4 C14A4.13 Q17960 C14A4.14 Q9U3Q0 C14A4.15 Q86GC5 C14A4.2 Q9TVM5 A translational fusion of the human DAP3 N-terminus to enhanced GFP is exclusively localized to mitochondria. C14A4.3 P54002 C14A4.4a Q17951 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. C14A4.4b Q8I129 Cell-death-Related Nuclease C14A4.5 Q17952 C14A4.6 Q17953 C14A4.7a Q17954 C14A4.7b Q7JMG5 C14A4.8 Q17955 C14A4.9 Q17956 C14A6.1 Q9XVE1 C14A6.2 Q9XVE0 C14A6.3 Q9XVE2 C14A6.5 Q9XVE3 C14A6.6 Q9XVE4 C14A6.7 Q9XVD9 C14A6.8 Q9XVD8 C14B1.1 Q17967 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C14B1.10 Q9U3P9 C14B1.2 Q17961 C14B1.3 Q17962 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C14B1.4 Q17963 C14B1.5 P49958 The existence of the archaeal homologs is consistent with reports that archaea may have either dipthamide or a precursor of it (e.g., diphthamine). C14B1.6 Q17968 C14B1.7 Q17965 C14B1.8 Q17964 C14B1.9 Q17966 C14B4.1 O45250 C14B4.2 O45251 C14B9.1 P34328 hsp-12.2 is orthologous to the human gene CRYSTALLIN, ALPHA B (CRYAB; OMIM:123590), which when mutated leads to disease. C14B9.10 Q8MNV8 C14B9.2 P34329 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C14B9.3 P34330 C14B9.4a P34331 plk-1 encodes a serine/threonine polo-like kinase homologous to Drosophila polo and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC5; PLK-1 is required for meiotic nuclear envelope breakdown, polar body formation and extrusion, and proper chromosome segregation during meiosis, and additionally, may play a role in germline development; PLK-1 is proposed to phosphorylate REC-8, a meiotic-specific cohesin, thus promoting REC-8 degradation and subsequent separation of sister chromatids; PLK-1 is localized diffusely in the cytoplasm of mature oocytes, but during meiosis I becomes associated with pre-metaphase chromatin and then at anaphase with chromatin and the area between dividing chromatin; in embryos, PLK-1 localizes to centrosomes, metaphase chromatin, and during telophase, to the area between dividing chromatin. C14B9.4b P34331 POLO Kinase C14B9.6a P34333 gei-8 encodes a novel protein highly similar to C. briggsae BP:CBP04038 that contains a glutamine/asparagine (Q/N)-rich ('prion') domain (by the algorithm of Michelitsch and Weissman) and two myb-like DNA-binding domains; interacts with GEX-3 in yeast two-hybrid assays. C14B9.6b P34333 GEX Interacting protein C14B9.6c P34333 GEX Interacting protein C14B9.7 P34334 rpl-21 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L21 protein; by homology, RPL-21 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPL-21 activity is required for embryonic and germline development. C14B9.8 P34335 C14B9.8 is orthologous to the human gene PHOSPHORYLASE KINASE, LIVER, ALPHA-2 SUBUNIT (PHKA2; OMIM:306000), which when mutated leads to liver glycogenosis. C14C10.1 Q17970 C14C10.2 Q17972 C14C10.3 Q17973 C14C10.4 Q17974 C14C10.5 Q17971 C14C10.6 Q95NM8 C14C10.7 Q95QW9 C14C11.1 Q17980 C14C11.2 Q17979 C14C11.3 Q17977 C14C11.4 Q17976 C14C11.5 Q17975 C14C11.6 Q17978 Members of this family are involved in pre-mRNA processing, rRNA processing, and mRNA export, translation and degradation. C14C11.7 Q17981 C14C11.8 Q17982 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C14C6.1 O44674 C14C6.10 O44676 C14C6.12 O44678 C14C6.13 O44679 C14C6.2 O44675 C14C6.3 O44669 C14C6.4 O44668 C14C6.5 O44667 C14C6.6 O44670 C14C6.7 O44671 C14C6.8 O44672 C14C6.9 O44673 C14E2.1 Q17987 C14E2.2 Q17983 C14E2.3 Q17984 C14E2.4 Q17985 C14E2.5 Q17986 C14E2.6 Q17988 C14F11.1a Q17994 C14F11.1b Q8MQD9 C14F11.2 Q17989 C14F11.3 Q17990 C14F11.4a Q65ZJ2 C14F11.4b Q65ZJ3 C14F11.5 Q17992 hsp-43 encodes a member of the hsp20 family. C14F11.6 Q17993 C14F11.7 Q95QW8 C14F5.1a Q09969 C14F5.1b Q95QW5 C14F5.2 Q09970 C14F5.3a Q6AHQ2 tnt-3 is orthologous to the human gene TROPONIN T (TNNT2; OMIM:191045), which when mutated leads to disease. C14F5.3b Q6AHQ1 TropoNin T C14F5.3c Q6AHQ3 TropoNin T C14F5.4 Q09972 C14F5.5 P29355 SEM-5 also interacts with UNC-53, a novel protein required for migration and outgrowth of muscles, axons and excretory canals. C14H10.1 Q17996 C14H10.2 Q18350 C14H10.3 Q17995 C14H10.4 O62060 C15A11.1 Q93208 col-35 encodes a collagen that is individually dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens; the amino- and carboxyl-terminal cysteine-rich regions of COL-35 are most closely related to those of COL-8, COL-19, and COL-39. C15A11.2 Q93209 C15A11.3 Q93212 C15A11.4 Q93213 C15A11.5 P18832 col-7 encodes a member of the collagen superfamily containing collagen triple helix repeats (20 copies); expressed during the L2-to-dauer molt and the L4-to-adult molt. C15A11.6 Q93207 C15A11.7 Q93211 C15A7.1 Q17999 C15A7.2 Q18000 C15A7.3 Q18001 C15B12.1 Q18006 C15B12.2 Q18003 C15B12.3 Q18004 C15B12.4 Q18005 C15B12.5a Q18007 gar-1 encodes a G-protein-linked acetylcholine receptor; though gar-1 is most closely related to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR), it is pharmacologically distinct from them in its response to certain ligands; gar-1 gene transcripts are expressed at all developmental stages; the GAR-1-GFP fusion protein is expressed in some head neurons and in the PVM neuron; electrophysiological studies indicate that gar-1 couples to the inhibitory subunit of G proteins and not to Gs or to Go/Gq. C15B12.5b Q18007 G-protein-linked Acetylcholine Receptor C15B12.5c Q18007 G-protein-linked Acetylcholine Receptor C15B12.6 Q18008 C15B12.7a Q18009 a cation diffusion facilitator protein, affects vulva development, genetically interacts with let-60/ras signaling pathway; and is expressed in the vulval muscles, the intestinal cells, and in the vulval precursor cells. C15B12.7b Q95QW4 Cation Diffusion Facilitator family C15B12.8 Q8WSW2 C15C6.1 Q9XVT5 C15C6.2a Q9XVT4 C15C6.2b Q9XVT3 C15C6.3 Q9XVT2 C15C6.4 Q9XVT1 C15C7.1 P83528 C15C7.2 Q18013 klp-8 encodes an atypical kinesin-like motor protein with the motor domain in the N-terminus; the motor domain of KLP-8 exhibits poor homology to the globular motor domain of the kinesin heavy chain. C15C7.4 Q18010 C15C7.5 Q18012 C15C7.6 Q18015 C15C7.7 Q18014 C15C8.1 Q18017 C15C8.2 Q18018 cky-1 encodes a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS (bHLH-PAS) protein family; it is likely that CKY-1 together with AHA-1, another bHLH-PAS protein, has a role in pharyngeal function; CKY-1 is expressed in most non-neuronal pharyngeal cells. C15C8.3 Q18020 C15C8.4 Q18016 C15C8.5 Q18019 C15C8.6 Q18021 C15C8.7 Q9GQ61 C15F1.1 Q9N5X8 C15F1.2 Q9N5X9 C15F1.3a P34709 The tra-2 gene encodes a transmembrane receptor that functions in the sex determination pathway to specify hermaphrodite development in XX animals; tra-2 encodes two proteins: TRA-2A, the major protein expressed at all developmental stages, and TRA-2B, a form specific to the hermaphrodite germ line; in hermaphrodites, direct interaction between the TRA-2A intracellular domain inhibits FEM-3 masculinizing activity, whereas in males, TRA-2A is negatively regulated by HER-1, allowing the FEM proteins to specify male development. C15F1.3b P34709 TRAnsformer : XX animals transformed into males C15F1.4 P80361 C15F1.5 Q9N5Y3 C15F1.6 Q9N5Y2 a protein similar to synaptic glycoprotein SC2 from mammals. C15F1.8 Q9N5Y0 C15H11.1 Q9XVS6 C15H11.10 Q7YX89 C15H11.11 Q7YX88 C15H11.2 Q9XVS5 C15H11.3 Q9XVS7 nxf-1 encodes a homolog of human TAP protein, a member of the NXF family of shuttling transport receptors for nuclear export of mRNA; binds RNA directly and its function has been shown to be conserved with the NXF family. C15H11.4 Q9XVS9 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C15H11.5 O17585 C15H11.6 Q9XVS8 nxf-2 encodes a predicted homolog of human TAP protein, a member of the NXF family of shuttling transport receptors for nuclear export of mRNA, and it affects embryonic viability. C15H11.7 O17586 pas-1 encodes a type 6 alpha subunit of the 26S proteasome's 20S protease core particle (CP); PAS-1 is required for embryonic development and by homology, is predicted to comprise the outer rings of the proteasome and to play a role in selective degradation of ubiquitinated proteins during development; in vitro, PAS-1 interacts with VET-1, a coiled-coil domain-containing protein expressed in the early embryo and ATN-1, an alpha-actinin, in addition to other members of the proteasome. C15H11.8 O17587 C15H11.9 Q9XVT0 C15H7.3 P34337 C15H7.4 P34338 C15H9.1 Q18031 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C15H9.10 Q18027 C15H9.11 Q95QW3 C15H9.2 Q18030 C15H9.3 Q18029 C15H9.4 Q18025 C15H9.5 Q18024 C15H9.6 P27420 hsp-3 encodes a heat shock response 70 (hsp70) protein orthologous to human glucose regulated protein 78 (grp78/BiP, OMIM:138120); HSP-3 likely functions as a molecular chaperone, and is expressed constitutively (expression is not heat inducible) throughout development with greatest abundance during the L1 larval stage; HSP-3 contains a long hydrophobic amino terminus and a carboxyl terminal KDEL sequence suggesting that it may be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. C15H9.7 Q18026 C15H9.8 Q18028 prx-3 is orthologous to the human gene PEROXISOMAL BIOGENESIS FACTOR 3 (PEX3; OMIM:603164), which when mutated leads to Zellweger syndrome of complementation group G. C15H9.9 Q18032 C16A11.1 O76584 gpa-11 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases; it is expressed in ADL and ASH amphid neurons. C16A11.2a Q6A579 C16A11.2b Q6A578 C16A11.3 O76581 C16A11.4 O76580 C16A11.5 O76579 C16A11.6 O76582 C16A11.7 O76585 C16A11.8 O76586 C16A3.10a Q18040 The C16A3.10 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene OAT (OMIM:258870), which when mutated leads to ornithinemia and gyrate atrophy. C16A3.10b Q8MNV6 C16A3.10c Q5TYL8 C16A3.1a Q95ZY8 C16A3.1b Q95ZY9 C16A3.1c Q8MNV7 C16A3.2 Q9TY00 C16A3.3 Q18038 C16A3.4 Q18037 C16A3.5 Q18036 C16A3.6 Q18035 C16A3.7 Q18034 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C16A3.8 Q18033 C16A3.9 P51404 rps-13 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S13 protein; by homology, RPS-13 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-13 activity is required for embryonic and germline development. C16B8.1 Q18041 p hypodermal blast cell; LIN-18 may be a receptor for Wnt-like signaling molecules, and in vulval development appears to function independently of, but in parallel with, LIN-17, a Frizzled-like Wnt receptor, also required for proper orientation of the P7.p lineage. C16B8.2 Q18042 C16B8.3 Q18043 C16B8.4 Q18044 C16C10.1 Q09461 C16C10.10 Q09253 C16C10.11 Q09254 C16C10.12 Q09466 C16C10.13 Q7YX69 C16C10.2 Q09462 C16C10.3 Q09249 C16C10.4 Q09250 C16C10.5 Q09251 C16C10.6 Q09252 C16C10.7 Q09463 This gene encodes a homolog of mammalian RNF5, a C3HC4 (RING-finger) zinc-finger protein. C16C10.8 Q09464 C16C10.9 Q09465 C16C2.1 P20269 ceh-5 encodes a homeodomain protein, similar to the human VENTRAL ANTERIOR HOMEO BOX 2 gene (VAX2; OMIM:604295); CEH-5 is dispensable for viability and gross morphology. C16C2.2a O17589 eat-16(rf) mutations that suppress goa-1(gf) mutations also confer resistance to the volatile anesthetic halothane. C16C2.2b Q8T3F0 regulator of G-protein signalling C16C2.3 O17590 Mutation of human OCRL leads to Lowe syndrome (OMIM:309000). C16C2.4 O17591 C16C4.1 O44325 C16C4.10 O16558 C16C4.11 O16559 C16C4.12 O16560 C16C4.13 O16561 C16C4.14 O16562 C16C4.15 O16553 C16C4.16 O16554 C16C4.2 O16563 C16C4.3 O16555 C16C4.4 O16552 C16C4.5 O16551 C16C4.6 O16550 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C16C4.7 O16549 C16C4.8 O16556 C16C4.9 O16557 C16C8.10 P91046 C16C8.11 P91050 C16C8.12 P91051 C16C8.13 P91052 C16C8.14 P91053 C16C8.16 P91055 C16C8.17 P91058 C16C8.18 P91061 C16C8.19 Q95ZM7 C16C8.2 P91060 C16C8.4 P91057 C16C8.5 P91056 C16C8.7 P91049 C16C8.8 P91048 C16C8.9 P91047 C16D2.1 O62061 C16D6.1 O62063 C16D6.2 O62062 C16D6.3 O62064 C16D9.2a Q8I7I5 rol-3 was identified in screens for recessive mutations that affect body morphology; strong loss-of-function mutations in rol-3 result in early-to-mid larval lethality, while weaker mutations result in animals that are left-handed rollers at the adult stage only; lethal rol-3 mutations are suppressed by mutations in srl-1 and srl-2; the molecular identity of rol-3 is not yet known. C16D9.2b Q8I7I3 ROLler: helically twisted, animals roll when moving C16D9.2c Q8I7I4 ROLler: helically twisted, animals roll when moving C16D9.7 Q22901 C16E9.1 Q18048 C16E9.2a Q18046 C16E9.2b Q7JP90 C16E9.4a Q17394 inx-1 encodes a predicted member of the innexin family; expressed in 4-6 anterior neurons. C16E9.4b Q8IG52 INneXin C16H3.1 Q94172 C16H3.2 Q94169 lec-9 encodes a predicted lectin that affects embryonic viability. C16H3.3a Q94170 C16H3.3b Q86MD9 C17A2.1 O16538 C17A2.2 O16536 C17A2.3 O16535 C17A2.4 O16533 C17A2.5 O16531 C17A2.6 O16532 C17A2.7 O16534 C17A2.8 O16537 C17B7.1 O45161 C17B7.10 O45157 C17B7.10 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; C17B7.10 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. C17B7.11 O45159 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C17B7.12 Q9TXS4 C17B7.2 O45160 C17B7.3 O45158 C17B7.4 O45156 C17B7.5 O45155 C17B7.7 O45152 C17B7.8 O45151 C17B7.8 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; C17B7.8 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. C17B7.9 O45153 C17C3.10 Q18056 C17C3.11 Q18055 C17C3.12a Q18057 C17C3.12b Q9BIB0 C17C3.12c Q95QW2 C17C3.13 Q27220 C17C3.15 Q9BIA6 C17C3.18 Q7JP48 Like the mitogenic stimulators IGF-I and IGF-II, INS-13 does not contain the internal C peptide that is proteolytically cleaved from insulin, a metabolic regulator. C17C3.19 Q7JP47 ins-12 encodes a predicted gamma-type insulin-like molecule that lacks a C peptide domain. C17C3.1a Q9BIA9 C17C3.1b Q9BIA5 C17C3.1c Q9BIA7 C17C3.1d Q9BIA8 C17C3.2 Q27220 C17C3.20 Q7JP45 C17C3.3 Q18061 C17C3.4 Q18060 Like the mitogenic stimulators IGF-I and IGF-II, INS-11 does not contain the internal C peptide that is proteolytically cleaved from insulin, a metabolic regulator. C17C3.5 Q18059 C17C3.6 Q18058 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C17C3.7 Q18054 C17C3.8 Q18053 C17C3.9 Q18052 C17D12.1a Q9U3P7 C17D12.1b Q8I4M8 C17D12.2 O62068 Proteins bearing such domains can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. C17D12.3 O62065 C17D12.5 O62069 C17D12.6 Q9TVY6 spe-9 mutations appear to have no other effects on sperm production or differentiation. C17D12.7 O62071 C17E4.1 Q93232 C17E4.10 Q93231 C17E4.2 Q93228 C17E4.3 Q93227 C17E4.4 Q93229 C17E4.5 Q93233 pab-3 is orthologous to human PABPN1 (OMIM:602279, mutated in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy). C17E4.6 Q93230 C17E4.9 Q93235 C17E7.11 O16396 C17E7.2 O16397 C17E7.8 O16391 C17F3.1 O44946 C17F3.3 O44948 C17F4.1 O16543 C17F4.10 Q688C1 C17F4.2 O16542 C17F4.3 O16540 C17F4.4 O16539 C17F4.5 O16541 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C17F4.6 O16544 gcy-19 encodes a predicted transmembrane guanylyl cyclase; as loss of gcy-19 activity via RNA-mediated interference does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of GCY-19 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; by sequence similarity, however, GCY-19 can be predicted to function in chemosensory signal transduction. C17F4.7 Q9BKP8 C17F4.8 Q965M5 C17G1.1 Q93239 C17G1.2 Q93240 C17G1.3 Q93242 C17G1.4a Q93238 C17G1.4b Q5WRN0 C17G1.5 Q93241 C17G1.7 Q93244 C17G1.8 Q5WRN1 C17G10.1 Q09973 C17G10.2 Q09974 C17G10.3 Q95QW1 C17G10.4a P81299 Localization of several mitotic spindle proteins is disrupted in cdc-14(RNAi) embryos, and both CDC-14 and ZEN-4 (which colocalize) depend on each other for correct localization. C17G10.4b P81299 Cell Division Cycle related C17G10.4c P81299 Cell Division Cycle related C17G10.4d P81299 Cell Division Cycle related C17G10.4e Q6DLY2 Cell Division Cycle related C17G10.5 Q09975 C17G10.6a Q7JPE7 C17G10.6b Q7JPE6 C17G10.7 Q09978 C17G10.8 Q09979 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C17G10.9a Q95QW0 C17G10.9b Q8MQD4 C17H1.1 O45252 C17H1.2 O45253 C17H1.3 O45254 C17H1.4 O45255 C17H1.5 O45256 C17H1.6 O45257 C17H1.7 O45258 C17H1.8 O45259 C17H1.9 Q7YX94 C17H11.1 P91064 C17H11.2 P91063 C17H11.3 P91062 C17H11.4 P91065 C17H11.5 P91066 C17H11.6a Q95Q83 C17H11.6b Q95Q84 C17H11.6c Q86ME0 C17H12.1 O45087 C17H12.10 O45081 C17H12.11 O45082 C17H12.12 O45084 C17H12.14 Q95X44 C17H12.2 O45086 C17H12.3 O45085 C17H12.4 O45083 C17H12.5 O45079 C17H12.6 O45077 C17H12.8 O45078 C17H12.9 O45080 C17H12.9 encodes a ONECUT class CUT homeobox protein with a single N-terminal cut domain; the cut domain may be a compact DNA-binding domain composed of alpha helices; C17H12.9 is strongly affiliated with, and may be orthologous to, Drosophila ONECUT and mammalian HNF6 proteins; C17H12.9 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. C18A11.1 Q18070 C18A11.2 Q18069 C18A11.3 Q18068 C18A11.4 Q18065 C18A11.5a Q7JP92 C18A11.5b Q23229 XO Lethal C18A11.5c Q18064 XO Lethal C18A11.6 Q18063 C18A11.7a Q18066 C18A11.7b Q18066 DIsorganized Muscle C18A3.1 Q09956 C18A3.10 Q8MQD3 C18A3.2 Q09957 C18A3.3 Q09958 C18A3.4a Q18071 C18A3.4b Q95QV9 C18A3.4c Q8IG51 C18A3.5a Q95QV8 C18A3.5b Q95QV7 C18A3.5c Q95QV6 C18A3.5e Q8IG50 C18A3.5f Q8IG49 C18A3.6a Q95QV3 rab-3 encodes a rab3 homolog, a member of the Ras GTPase superfamily, and affects sensitivity to aldicarb and the distribution of synaptic vesicle populations and thereby affects synaptic transmission, track amplitude and speed of movement, chemotaxis to isoamyl alcohol, affects pharyngeal pump durations, and may only slightly affect male mating behavior; requires aex-3 for localization to synapse-rich regions in axons and it is expressed in most or all neurons. C18A3.6b Q94986 synaptic vesicle-associated GTP-binding protein C18A3.7 Q09960 C18A3.8 Q09961 hlh-14 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that is one of five C. elegans Achaete-Scute family homologs; HLH-14 activity is required generally for normal egg-laying, movement, body morphology, and larval development; more specifically, HLH-14 is required for proper neuronal development, particularly for regulation of the asymmetric cell division that gives rise to the PVQ/HSN/PHB neuroblasts and for normal differentiation of these neuroblast descendants, including their cell division patterns, migrations, and neurotransmitter expression; in specifying neuronal cell fates, genetic evidence suggests that hlh-14 acts together with hlh-2, which encodes the C. elegans E/Daughterless ortholog; HLH-14 is expresed exclusively in the embryo and detected in the left and right PVQ/HSN/PHB neuroblasts and their descendants, as well as in other cells identified, tentatively, as anterior neuroblasts and posterior neuroblasts such as Caapa. C18A3.9 Q95QV4 C18B10.7 P91070 C18B10.8 P91069 C18B12.1 Q9XX99 C18B12.2 Q9U3P6 C18B12.3 Q93246 C18B12.3 was previously called C18B12B.3. C18B12.4 Q9XX98 C18B12.5 Q93247 C18B12.6 Q93541 C18B2.1 Q18079 C18B2.2 Q18078 C18B2.3 Q18074 C18B2.4 Q18075 C18B2.5a Q18076 C18B2.5b Q8MQD2 C18B2.6 Q18077 C18C4.1 Q18083 C18C4.10a P46822 klc-2 encodes a kinesin light chain and was identified as a protein that interacts with UNC-16 by the yeast two-hybrid system, this association suggests that KLC-2 may be involved in the regulation of synaptic vesicle localization by the UNC-16-JNK signaling complex. C18C4.10b P46822 Kinesin Light Chain C18C4.10c P46822 Kinesin Light Chain C18C4.10d Q6BEW4 Kinesin Light Chain C18C4.2 Q95QV2 C18C4.3 Q18081 C18C4.5a Q8MNV5 C18C4.5b Q8MNV4 C18C4.6 Q18084 C18C4.7 Q18085 C18C4.9 Q18086 C18D1.1 Q09478 That DIE-1 is required for other, diverse processes is indicated by its expression pattern, morphogenetic defects in the pharynx, gut, and muscle quadrants of die-1(RNAi) embryos, and the variety of phenotypes in die-1(RNAi) animals (embryonic lethality, slow growth, multivulval adults, and abnormal body morphology). C18D1.2 Q09479 C18D1.3 Q09480 C18D1.4 Q7YX75 C18D1.4 encodes a claudin homolog that may regulate ion channels; C18D1.4 is similar to mammalian voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma subunits that are known or suspected to prevent epilepsy in vivo (e.g., stargazin; MGI:1316660); C18D1.4 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. C18D11.1 Q9XTZ4 C18D11.2 Q9XTZ5 maa-1 encodes a predicted membrane-associated Acyl-CoA binding protein; loss of maa-1 activity via RNAi results in no obvious defects. C18D11.3 Q9XTZ3 C18D11.4 Q9XTZ2 C18D11.6 Q86DA6 C18D4.1 O45266 C18D4.2 O45260 C18D4.3 O45261 C18D4.4 O45262 C18D4.5 Q5WRM5 C18D4.6a O45263 C18D4.6b Q8I4M7 C18D4.6c Q6BER7 C18D4.8 O45265 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C18D4.9 Q9XVD7 C18E3.1 O02102 C18E3.2 O02101 C18E3.2(RNAi) animals have roughly 50% embryonic lethality. C18E3.3 O02099 C18E3.4 O02098 C18E3.5 O02097 C18E3.6 O02096 C18E3.7a O02095 C18E3.7b Q8IG64 PAZ/PIWI domain-containing C18E3.7c Q86NJ8 PAZ/PIWI domain-containing C18E3.8 O02100 C18E3.9 O02103 C18E9.1 Q18092 cal-2 encodes a calmodulin homolog required for embryonic development or viability; CAL-2 is closely similar to its paralogs CAL-1, CAL-3, CAL-4 and CMD-1. C18E9.10 Q9XTH1 C18E9.11a Q95NU5 C18E9.11b Q95NU5 abnormal OOCyte formation C18E9.2 Q18093 C18E9.3a Q18094 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C18E9.3b Q9XVV8 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein C18E9.4 Q18095 C18E9.5 Q18091 C18E9.6 Q18090 C18E9.7 Q18096 C18E9.8 Q18097 C18E9.8 is orthologous to the human gene JOINED TO JAZF1 (JJAZ1; OMIM:606245), which when mutated leads to disease. C18E9.9 Q18089 C18F10.2 Q18098 C18F10.4 P46570 C18F10.5 P46571 C18F10.6 P46572 C18F10.7a Q18099 C18F10.7b Q8MNV2 C18F10.8 P54129 C18F10.9 Q8MNV3 C18F3.2 Q18100 At the level of molecular function, unphosphorylated SAX-7 and other L1CAMs may be general intracellular ligands ('receptors') for ankyrin, while phosphorylated SAX-7 may mediate a new, EGL-15-activated, signal transduction pathway. C18G1.1 O61925 C18G1.2 O61924 C18G1.3 O61921 C18G1.4a O61920 C18G1.4b Q965J2 C18G1.5 O17536 C18G1.6 O61919 C18G1.7 O61918 C18G1.8 O61922 C18G1.9 O61923 C18H2.1 Q18102 C18H2.2 Q18103 C18H2.3 Q18104 C18H2.4 Q18105 C18H2.4 is orthologous to the human gene GLOMULIN (FAP48; OMIM:601749), which when mutated leads to disease. C18H2.5 Q8MNV1 C18H7.1 Q9GZF5 C18H7.2a Q8MXG9 inx-18 encodes a predicted member of the innexin family. C18H7.2b Q8MXG8 INneXin C18H7.3 Q9GZF7 C18H7.4 Q9GZG1 C18H7.5 Q9GZG3 C18H7.6 Q9GZG2 C18H7.7 Q9GZG0 C18H7.8 Q9GZF9 C18H7.9 Q9GZF8 C18H9.1 Q09481 C18H9.2 Q09237 C18H9.3 Q09482 C18H9.5 Q09484 C18H9.6 Q09238 C18H9.7 Q09485 rpy-1 is orthologous to the human gene 43KDA ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (RAPSN; OMIM:601592), which when mutated leads to congenital myasthenic syndrome. C18H9.8 Q18106 C23F12.1a Q8IG47 C23F12.1b Q8IG48 C23F12.2 Q18109 C23F12.3 Q18108 C23F12.4 Q18107 C23G10.10 Q9GYR4 C23G10.11 Q9GYR3 C23G10.1a P48459 C23G10.1b Q95QV0 C23G10.2a Q5NV58 C23G10.2b Q10121 C23G10.2c Q5NV59 C23G10.3 P48152 rps-3 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S3 protein that contains a KH RNA-binding domain and by homology,is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-3 activity is required for embryonic and germline development, as well as the overall health of the animal. C23G10.4a Q18115 rpn-2 encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome's 19S regulatory paritcle (RP) base subcomplex; RPN-2 is required for embryonic, larval, and germline development and by homology, is predicted to function in unfolding and recognition of protein substrates and/or recycling of ubiquitin moieties during protein degradation; RPN-2 is expressed sporadically at all stages of development in the pharynx, intestine, body wall muscle, somatic gonad, neurons, and hypodermis. C23G10.4b Q18115 tRNA processing protein SEN3 C23G10.5 Q9GYR8 C23G10.6 Q9GYR7 C23G10.7a Q8MQD1 C23G10.7b Q8MQD0 C23G10.8 Q9GYR5 C23H3.1 P91082 EGL-26 is a novel protein. C23H3.2a P91081 C23H3.2b Q8IFY5 C23H3.3 P91080 C23H3.4a P91079 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C23H3.4b Q5R3Y5 C23H3.5 P91078 C23H3.7 Q9BI68 C23H3.9a Q95Q82 C23H3.9b Q95Q80 C23H3.9c Q95Q81 C23H3.9d Q6A5A0 C23H4.1 Q93249 Novel protein which has a C-terminal motif weakly homologous to mouse NPDC-1 and is involved in syaptic regulation; it is expressed in various neurons including ventral cord and tail ganglion neurons; it physically interacts with AEX-3, which is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the Rab3 GTPase. C23H4.2 Q93251 C23H4.3 Q93254 C23H4.4 Q93252 C23H4.6 Q93250 C23H4.7 Q8MQC8 C23H5.1 O61833 C23H5.2a O61831 C23H5.2b Q7YZV1 C23H5.3 O61830 C23H5.7 O61827 C23H5.8a O61828 C23H5.8b O61829 C23H5.9 O61832 C24A1.1 O17058 C24A1.2 O17057 C24A1.3a O17055 C24A1.3b Q6A591 C24A11.1 P91090 C24A11.2 P91087 C24A11.5 P91088 C24A11.6 P91089 C24A11.8a P91092 frm-4 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein that contains an N-terminal FERM (Band 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin) domain; by homology, FRM-4 is predicted to function as a membrane-cytoskeleton linker protein that plays a role in cell adhesion, migration, or organization of cell surface structures; however, as loss of frm-4 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of FRM-4 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C24A11.8b Q95Q79 FERM domain (protein4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin) family C24A11.9 P91093 C24A3.1 Q18126 C24A3.2a Q18124 C24A3.2b Q95QU9 C24A3.4 Q18122 C24A3.6 Q18120 twk-18 encodes one of 44 C. elegans TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channel subunits that contain two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane domains; TWK-18 was originally defined by gain-of-function mutations that result in embryonic lethality at the two-fold stage, locomotion defects, longer than normal body length, abnormal egg-laying, and temperature-sensitive paralysis; as loss of TWK-18 function via reversion or RNA-mediated interference does not result in any abnormalities, TWK-18 likely functions redundantly with other TWK channels; TWK-18 can function as an outwardly rectifying K+ channel, and is activated by temperature increases, thus making it a temperature-gated channel; TWK-18 is expressed in body wall muscle. C24A3.7 Q18125 C24A3.8 Q18127 C24A8.1 P91096 C24A8.3 P91094 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C24A8.4a Q95ZM6 C24A8.4b Q95ZM5 C24A8.5 P91097 C24B5.1 Q18130 C24B5.2a Q8MNV0 C24B5.2b Q8MNU9 C24B5.3 Q18129 C24B5.5 Q9TY01 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C24B9.1 O76437 C24B9.10 O76439 C24B9.11 O76440 C24B9.12 O76441 C24B9.14 Q86B37 C24B9.15 Q86B38 C24B9.16 O76442 C24B9.2 O76432 C24B9.4 O76431 C24B9.5 O76433 C24B9.6 O76434 C24B9.7 O76435 C24B9.8 O76436 C24B9.9 O76438 C24D10.1 O44136 C24D10.2 O44135 C24D10.4 O44134 C24D10.5 O44132 C24D10.6 O44133 C24D10.7 Q76NP8 C24F3.1a Q9U3P5 C24F3.1b Q9XXK7 C24F3.2 Q9XXK8 C24F3.3 Q9XTD6 C24F3.4 Q9XXK6 C24F3.5 Q21213 C24F3.6 Q9NAR3 C24G6.1 O76388 C24G6.2a O76385 C24G6.2b Q9TZS7 protein kinase C24G6.3 O76384 C24G6.4 Q17370 C24G6.5 O76381 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. C24G6.6 O76383 C24G6.7 O76386 C24G6.8 O76387 C24G7.1 P91103 C24G7.2 P91102 C24G7.3 P91101 C24G7.4 P91100 C24H10.1 Q18135 C24H10.1 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; C24H10.1 is worm-specific, with obvious homologs only in C. elegans; C24H10.1 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. C24H10.2 Q18134 C24H10.3 Q18133 C24H10.4 Q18132 C24H10.5 Q18136 uvt-2 encodes a protein that contains four EF-hand calcium binding motifs with some similarity to human calmodulin; mRNA weakly expressed in L1 through L4 larval stages and in the adult hermaphrodite. C24H11.1 Q9U3P4 C24H11.2 Q9XVD6 C24H11.3 Q9XVD5 C24H11.4 Q9XVD3 C24H11.5 Q9XVD4 C24H11.6 Q9XVD2 C24H11.7 Q9XTF0 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C24H11.8 Q9XVD1 C24H11.9 Q6BER6 C24H12.1 O17165 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C24H12.10 O17162 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C24H12.11 O17163 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C24H12.2 O17164 C24H12.4a O17157 C24H12.4b Q95X81 C24H12.5a O17156 C24H12.5b Q95X82 C24H12.6 O17158 C24H12.7 O17159 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C24H12.8 O17160 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C24H12.9 O17161 C25A1.1 O17594 C25A1.10 Q9XVS4 dao-5 encodes a predicted nucleolar phosphoprotein related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae SRP40 and the vertebrate Nopp140 proteins that may play a role in rRNA gene transcription and nucleolar structural organization; dao-5 expression is negatively regulated by the DAF-2/insulin-like receptor and positively regulated by the DAF-16/fork-head transcription factor, suggesting that dao-5 may be involved in life-span determination; dao-5 is strongly expressed in dauer larvae. C25A1.11 O02219 aha-1 encodes an ortholog of human aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator; interacts with AHR-1 and HIF-1 in vitro, requires HIF-1 for proper localization, and is expressed ubiquitously. C25A1.12 O02218 C25A1.13 O02220 C25A1.15 Q9XVR9 C25A1.2 O17593 Non-neuronal expression of fkh-10 is infrequently observed in cells of the developing gonad during the L4 larval stage; such expression is also observed for PHA-4, another C. elegans forkhead transcription factor. C25A1.3 Q9XVS1 C25A1.4 Q9XVS2 C25A1.5 Q9XVS0 C25A1.6 Q9XVR8 C25A1.7 O02222 irs-2 encodes a predicted mitochondrial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS), a class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the attachment of isoleucine to its cognate tRNA and is thus required for protein biosynthesis; loss of irs-2 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, suggesting possible functional redundancy with irs-1. C25A1.8 Q9XVS3 C25A1.9 O02217 C25A11.1 Q18141 C25A11.2 Q18140 C25A11.4a Q18138 In ajm-1 embryos elongation is consistently arrested at the 23-fold stage, accompanied by the formation of a large vacuole in the posterior region; ajm-1 embryos lack MH27 staining. C25A11.4b Q18137 Apical Junction Molecule C25A11.4c Q95ZY7 Apical Junction Molecule C25A11.4d Q8MQC7 Apical Junction Molecule C25A6.1a Q7KX35 C25A6.1b Q9BPP4 C25A8.1 Q18145 C25A8.2 Q18144 C25A8.4 Q18143 C25A8.5 Q18142 C25B8.1a Q967F8 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. C25B8.1b Q8MQC5 potassium channel, KvQLT family C25B8.3a P43510 C25B8.3b Q8MQC6 Cysteine PRotease related C25B8.4a Q18146 C25B8.4b Q7Z122 C25B8.4c Q7Z121 C25B8.5 Q18149 C25B8.6 Q18150 C25B8.7 Q8MQC4 C25D7.1 Q9U3P3 C25D7.10 O17602 C25D7.12 O17603 C25D7.15 Q7YX91 C25D7.2 O17595 C25D7.3 P34706 A complex of SDC-1, SDC-2, and SDC-3 proteins is detectable by coimmunoprecipitation; furthermore, SDC-1, SDC-2, and SDC-3 colocalize with DPY-26, DPY-27, and MIX-1 proteins both on a transgenic her-1(+) array and on the X chromosome. C25D7.4 O17597 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C25D7.5 O17598 C25D7.6 Q9XVR7 mcm-3 encodes a member of the MCM2/3/5 family with similarity to human DNA replication licensing factor, MCM3, and affects embryonic viability. C25D7.7 O17599 rap-2 encodes a Ras-related GTPase that is most similar to the RAP2 members of the Ras GTPase superfamily; by homology, RAP-2 is predicted to function as a membrane-localized GTPase that likely plays a role in signal transduction; as animals homozygous for a rap-2 deletion mutation show no obvious abnormalities, the precise role of RAP-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C25D7.8 Q9XVR6 C25D7.9 O17600 C25E10.1 Q18155 C25E10.10 Q18159 C25E10.11 Q18160 C25E10.12 Q18161 C25E10.13 Q6ACW9 C25E10.2 Q27471 C25E10.3a Q18154 C25E10.3b Q95ZY6 C25E10.4 Q18153 C25E10.5 Q18152 C25E10.7 Q18156 C25E10.8 Q18157 C25E10.9a Q18158 C25E10.9b Q8I7M1 Inhibitor of Serine protease Like protein C25F6.1 Q18166 C25F6.2a Q18165 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. C25F6.2b Q7Z124 Drosophila Discs Large homolog C25F6.3 Q18164 The C25F6.3 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE (DPYD), which when mutated leads to thymine-uraciluria (OMIM:274270). C25F6.4 Q18163 Mutation of human RS1 leads to juvenile X-linked retinoschisis (OMIM:312700). C25F6.6 Q18162 C25F6.7a Q967F7 C25F6.7b Q8MQC3 C25F9.1 O62077 C25F9.2 O62074 C25F9.4 O62078 C25F9.5 O62079 C25F9.6 O62075 C25F9.7 O62076 C25F9.8 O62072 C25F9.9 O62073 C25G4.1 Q18175 C25G4.10 O18023 C25G4.11 Q95ZY5 C25G4.2 Q18169 C25G4.3 Q18170 C25G4.4 Q18171 C25G4.5 Q17373 SDC-1, SDC-2, and SDC-3 proteins form a complex (detectable by coimmunoprecipitation); these three proteins, in turn, colocalize with DPY-26, DPY-27, and MIX-1 proteins both on a transgenic her-1(+) array and on the X chromosome. C25G4.6 Q18167 C25G4.7 Q18168 C25G4.8 Q18173 C25G6.1 Q18180 C25G6.2 Q18177 C25G6.3 Q18176 C25G6.4 Q18178 C25G6.5 Q18179 C25H3.1 Q18189 C25H3.10a Q18188 C25H3.10b Q5WRT7 C25H3.11 Q9BIA3 C25H3.12 Q9BIA4 C25H3.14 Q8IG45 C25H3.3 Q18187 C25H3.4 Q18186 C25H3.5 Q18184 C25H3.6a Q18181 C25H3.6b Q8MQC2 C25H3.6c Q8IG46 C25H3.7a Q18182 C25H3.7b Q8MQC1 C25H3.8 Q18183 C25H3.9a Q18185 C25H3.9b Q8MQC0 C26B2.1 Q18194 C26B2.2 Q18193 C26B2.3a Q18192 C26B2.3b Q8MQB8 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family C26B2.3c Q5TYL7 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family C26B2.4 Q18190 C26B2.5 Q18191 C26B2.6 Q18195 C26B2.7 Q18196 C26B2.8 Q18197 C26B9.1a Q18202 C26B9.1b Q7Z123 C26B9.2 Q18201 C26B9.3 Q18200 C26B9.5 Q18198 C26B9.6 Q18199 C26B9.7 Q95QU8 C26C6.1 Q18210 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C26C6.2 P51875 However, goa-1(null) mutants have wild-type sensitivities. C26C6.3 Q18206 C26C6.4 Q18207 C26C6.5a O17910 C26C6.5b Q8I0T2 Deacetylase Complex Protein C26C6.6 Q18208 C26C6.7 Q18209 C26C6.8 Q18204 C26C6.9 Q7YX71 C26D10.1 Q18211 C26D10.2a Q18212 C26D10.2b Q86GC6 HELicase C26D10.3 Q18213 C26D10.4 Q18214 C26D10.5a Q18215 The eff-1 gene encodes a novel, type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is required for cell fusion during development; eff-1(hy21) mutants are viable, but have severe body morphology defects associated with cell fusion failure. C26D10.5b Q8T6A8 Epithelial Fusion Failure C26D10.5c Q8MQB7 Epithelial Fusion Failure C26D10.5d Q8I128 Epithelial Fusion Failure C26D10.6a Q18216 C26D10.7 Q6BEU7 C26E1.1 O17604 C26E1.2 O17605 C26E1.3 O02224 C26E6.1 Q18226 C26E6.11 Q18218 C26E6.12 Q95QU5 C26E6.2 Q18225 C26E6.3 Q18224 C26E6.4 Q10578 C26E6.5 Q18223 C26E6.6 P49404 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C26E6.7a Q95QU3 C26E6.7b Q95QU4 C26E6.8 Q18217 ula-1(RNAi) mutants show vulval defects, but do not show the stronger defects (in embryogenesis and terminal hypodermal differentiation) seen in ned-8(RNAi) or ubc-12(RNAi) mutants. C26E6.9a Q18221 C26E6.9b Q18221 SET (trithorax/polycomb) domain containing C26F1.10 Q18234 Since the phenotype of flp-21 mutants is not as severe as that of npr-1 mutants, NPR-1 is likely to have other ligands besides FLP-21 (e.g. FLP-18). C26F1.1a Q18233 C26F1.1b Q8I7M0 C26F1.2 Q27472 C26F1.3 Q18232 C26F1.4 Q18231 rps-30 encodes two proteins, a small ribosomal subunit S30 protein and ubiquitin, which is cleaved from the ribosomal protein posttranslationally; by homology, S30 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis and ubiquitin in protein degradation; in C. elegans, loss of rps-30 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities. C26F1.5 Q18230 C26F1.6 Q18228 An extract from flesh fly (Neobellieria bullata) central nervous systems was used to screen cells expressing Drosophila FR; this identified two endogenous peptides, APPQPSDNFIRFamide (Neb-FIRFamide) and pQPSQDFMRFamide (Neb-FMRFamide) as being CG2114 ligands; the Drosophila equivalents of these FMRFamides (DPKQDFMRFamide, TPAEDFMRFamide, SDNFMRFamide, SPKQDFMRFamide, and PDNFMRFamide) activated CG2114. C26F1.7 Q18227 C26F1.9 P52814 rpl-39 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L39 protein. C26G2.1 Q9U3P2 The gene C26G2.1 encodes an ortholog of human NEPHRIN (NPHS1; OMIM:602716), which when mutated leads to congenital nephrotic syndrome 1 (OMIM:256300). C26G2.2 Q9U3P1 C26H9A.1 Q9XTS8 C26H9A.2 Q9XTS7 C27A12.10 Q6HAE8 C27A12.2 O01961 C27A12.3 O01960 C27A12.4 O01959 C27A12.5 O01962 ceh-2 encodes a homeodomain protein homologous to Drosophila empty spiracles (EMS) and the vertebrate EMX1 and EMX2 proteins (OMIM:600034, 600035); although the exact biological role of CEH-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known, expression in pharyngeal neurons and muscle, as well as vulval cells (vulB1, vulB2, and vulC) at late stages of development suggests that CEH-2 may play a role in terminal differentiation events in diverse cell types. C27A12.6 O01963 C27A12.7a O01964 C27A12.7b Q8I7N4 C27A12.8 O01965 C27A12.9 O01966 C27A2.1 Q18237 C27A2.2a P52819 rpl-22 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L22 protein; by homology, RPL-22 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPL-22 activity is broadly required for embryonic and germline development, as well as normal body coloration, morphology, and postembryonic growth rates. C27A2.2b Q95QU2 Ribosomal Protein, Large subunit C27A2.3 Q18235 C27A2.4 Q18236 C27A2.5 Q18238 C27A2.6 Q18239 dsh-2 encodes a protein containing a DIX domain, a DEP domain, and a PDZ domain that is required for embryonic viability and functions in Wnt pathway signaling between the embryonic blastomeres P2 and EMS with respect to endoderm specification and to orient the division axis of the EMS cell; expressed from the four-cell embryo stage, and is primarily associated with membranes. C27A7.1 P90754 C27A7.1 is orthologous to the human gene NPPASE (ENPP1; OMIM:173335), which when mutated leads to disease. C27A7.2 P90756 C27A7.3 P90755 C27A7.4 P90757 che-11 encodes a large, unfamiliar protein with orthologs in vertebrates and arthropods (e.g., KIAA0590 and CG11838-PA) and in Chlamydomonas (IFT140), as well as distant similarity to OSM-1 and ZK520.1; che-11 is required for normal synthesis of sensory cilia (via intraflagellar transport) in sensory neurons, osmotic avoidance, and dauer formation. C27A7.5a P90758 C27A7.5b P90759 C27A7.5c Q9U3P0 Asparaginase ; Ank repeat C27A7.6 O01932 C27A7.7 P90760 C27A7.8 Q7YTR6 C27A7.9 Q7YTR5 C27B7.1a Q18240 spr-2 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the Drosophila and mammalian SET proteins (OMIM:600960, translocation breakpoint in human SET is associated with acute myeloid leukemia); SPR-2 is predicted to be a member of the SET protein complex that functions in chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation; in C. elegans, SPR-2 may function to regulate the activity and/or levels of the presenilin proteins encoded by sel-12 and hop-1, as mutations in spr-2 suppress mutations in sel-12 in a hop-1-dependent manner; spr-2 is detected in the nuclei of all cells at several developmental stages, including the L3 larval stage. C27B7.1b Q7JMA9 Suppressor of PResenilin defect C27B7.2 Q18242 C27B7.4 Q18241 C27B7.5 Q18244 C27B7.6 P48460 C27B7.7 Q18245 C27B7.8 Q18246 rap-1 encodes a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases; the activated protein interacts with W05B10.4 and T14G10.2 in yeast two-hybrid assays and rap-1 is expressed in some neurons in the head and tail, the rectal epithelial cells, body muscle, hypodermis, and in the somatic cells of the gonad. C27B7.9 Q7YTR9 C27C12.1 Q18249 C27C12.2 Q18250 C27C12.2 is orthologous to the human gene BA436D10.3 (EARLY GROWTH RESPONSE 2 (KROX-20 (DROSOPHILA) HOMOLOG)) (EGR2; OMIM:129010), which when mutated leads to disease. C27C12.3 Q93287 C27C12.4 Q18251 C27C12.5 Q18252 C27C12.6 Q18248 C27C12.7 Q18253 C27C7.1 Q9XVC6 C27C7.2 Q9U3N9 C27C7.3 Q9XVC7 C27C7.4 Q9XVC8 C27C7.5 Q9XVD0 C27C7.7 Q9XVC9 C27C7.8 Q9U3N8 C27D11.1 P34339 egl-45 encodes a homolog of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit 10, that affects development of the HSNs that affect egg laying. C27D6.1 Q10030 C27D6.10 Q95ZY0 C27D6.3 Q10032 C27D6.4a Q09636 C27D6.4b Q09636 C27D6.4c Q09636 C27D6.6 Q95ZY4 C27D6.7 Q95ZY3 C27D6.8 Q95ZY2 C27D6.9 Q95ZY1 C27D8.1 Q93288 C27D8.2 Q93289 C27D8.3 Q93290 From N- to C-terminus, it has two domains: the first is a STAT domain, and the second an SH2 domain. C27D8.4 Q93291 C27D9.1 Q18255 C27D9.2 Q18256 C27F2.1 Q18263 C27F2.10 Q95QU0 C27F2.2 Q18259 nca-2 encodes a four-domain, voltage-gated ion channel; NCA-2 is required for normal rates of movement and may function with NCA-1, another voltage-gated ion channel, to regulate locomotion; NCA-2 is expressed in the nerve ring, ventral cord motorneurons, and a subset of tail neurons. C27F2.4 Q18257 C27F2.5 Q18258 C27F2.6 Q18261 C27F2.7 Q18262 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C27F2.8 Q18264 C27F2.9 Q95QU1 C27H2.1 O45267 C27H2.2 O45268 C27H2.3 O45269 C27H5.1 Q18268 C27H5.2a Q18266 C27H5.2b Q95QT9 C27H5.2c Q8IG44 C27H5.2d Q8IG43 C27H5.3 Q18265 C27H5.4a Q18267 C27H5.4b Q7YZG1 C27H5.5 P34803 col-36 encodes a collagen protein; expressed during the L1 to L2 and L2 to dauer larval stage molts. C27H5.6 Q18269 C27H5.7a Q95QT8 C27H5.7b Q8MQB6 IntraCiliary Transport protein C27H5.8 Q95QT7 glc-4 encodes a predicted glutamate-gated chloride channel that affects ivermectin sensitivity and reversal behavior and genetically interacts with avr-14; expressed in neurons. C27H6.1 P90761 p; loss of apt-10 activity via large-scale RNAi screens, however, does not result in any obvious abnormalities. C27H6.2 O17607 C27H6.3 O17608 C27H6.4a P90762 C27H6.4b Q8MQB5 C27H6.8 O17606 C28A5.1 Q18271 C28A5.2 Q18270 C28A5.3 Q27473 nex-3 encodes an annexin, a member of a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins; by homology, NEX-3 could function in a number of processes, such as membrane fusion, cytoskeletal interactions, and intracellular signaling; however, as loss of nex-3 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of NEX-3 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C28A5.4 Q18273 A homeobox protein of the Distal-less (Dll) class that is required for development of the anterior hypdermis during embryonic morphogenesis for cell adhesion; also affects embryonic and larval viability; it is predominantly expressed in the head hypdodermis, neuronal support cells and CAN neurons. C28A5.5 Q18272 C28A5.6 Q18274 C28C12.1 Q18283 C28C12.10 Q18284 C28C12.11 Q18275 C28C12.12 Q95QT5 C28C12.13 Q95QT6 C28C12.2 Q18282 C28C12.3 P50437 C28C12.4 Q18280 C28C12.5 Q18279 C28C12.7a Q18276 spp-10 encodes two protein isoforms that are orthologous to the human gene PROSAPOSIN (PSAP; OMIM:176801, mutated in Gaucher disease and metachromatic leukodystrophy); SPP-10A and -10B are predicted to have 3 and 4 embedded saposin sequences, that are likely to be split into individual saposin peptides by proteolysis; in mammals, saposins activate the enzymes sphingomyelinphosphodiesterase and beta-glucosylceramidase; spp-10 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. C28C12.7b Q18276 SaPosin-like Protein family C28C12.8 Q18277 C28C12.9a Q18281 gei-9 encodes a protein containing a putative acyl-CoA dehydrogenase domain; interacts with GEX-3 in yeast two-hybrid assays. C28C12.9b Q8I7L9 GEX Interacting protein C28C12.9c Q8I7L8 GEX Interacting protein C28D4.1 O17611 C28D4.10 Q7YTR2 C28D4.2 O17610 C28D4.3 O02225 C28D4.4 O02226 C28D4.5 O17609 C28D4.7 Q9NAR2 C28D4.8 Q9NAR1 C28D4.9 Q95QT4 C28F5.1 Q09239 C28F5.2 Q09240 C28F5.4 Q10040 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C28G1.1 Q18288 ubc-23 encodes a predicted conjugating enzyme (UBCs/E2s) of the ubiquitin-conjugation system; expressed in larvae and adults in cells around the pharynx and in intestinal cells. C28G1.2 Q18287 C28G1.3 Q18286 C28G1.4 Q18289 C28G1.5 Q95QT3 C28G1.6 Q8MQB4 C28H8.1 Q09242 C28H8.1 is orthologous to the human gene BCL7A (OMIM:601406), which when mutated leads to high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. C28H8.11a Q09474 C28H8.11b Q8I7L6 C28H8.12 Q09248 dnc-2 encodes a member of the dynamitin family that affects spindle alignment in polarized cells in early embryos, nuclear movement, spindle morphology, chromosome segregation, and pronuclear migration. C28H8.2 Q09243 C28H8.3 Q09475 C28H8.4 Q09473 C28H8.5 Q09244 C28H8.6a Q09476 C28H8.6b Q6AHR2 C28H8.7 Q09245 C28H8.8 Q09246 C28H8.9a Q09477 C28H8.9b Q8I7L7 C29A12.1 Q18292 C29A12.3a Q27474 lig-1 is orthologous to the human gene LIM HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 3 ISOFORM B (LIG1; OMIM:600577), which when mutated leads to disease. C29A12.3b Q8MQB3 LIGase C29A12.4 Q18291 C29A12.6 Q18290 C29E4.1 P34340 C29E4.10 Q95QT2 C29E4.10 is orthologous to the human gene GALACTOCEREBROSIDASE (GALC; OMIM:606890), which when mutated leads to disease. C29E4.11 P34347 C29E4.12 Q8MNU8 C29E4.13 Q5WRU9 C29E4.2 P34341 C29E4.3a P34342 ran-2 encodes the C. elegans RanGAP (GTPase activating protein) homolog, conserved amongst yeast, Drosophila (segregation distorter), Xenopus, and humans; by homology, RAN-2 is predicted to function as a key regulator of the Ran GTP/GDP cycle by stimulating the otherwise weak Ran GTPase activity; in C. elegans, RAN-2 activity is essential during early embryogenesis for comigration of centrosomes with the male pronucleus, mitotic spindle formation, chromosome segregation, and nuclear envelope assembly; in addition, RAN-2 is also required for nucleocytoplasmic transport; ran-2 reporter gene expression is detected in embryos and larvae, although the precise subcellular localization is not yet known. C29E4.3b P34342 associated with RAN (nuclear import/export) function C29E4.4 Q5WRU8 C29E4.5 P34344 C29E4.7 P34345 C29E4.8 P34346 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C29E4.9 Q8IG42 C29E6.1a Q27394 let-653 encodes a mucin-like protein similar to the highly glycosylated mucins secreted by the apical surface of epithelia and believed to provide a protective barrier to exposed cellular surfaces; LET-653 is required for viability, locomotion, and for maintaining the tubular epithelial structure of the excretory cell canals. C29E6.1b Q5WRN8 LET-653 mucin like protein C29E6.2 Q18297 C29E6.3 Q18301 C29E6.4 Q18298 C29E6.5 Q18299 C29F3.1 O17612 C29F3.2 Q94130 C29F3.3 O17614 C29F3.4 O17613 C29F3.5 O45272 C29F3.6 O17615 C29F3.7 O17616 C29F4.1 Q18302 C29F4.2 Q18303 C29F4.3 Q18304 C29F5.1 Q18310 C29F5.2 Q18308 C29F5.3 Q18305 C29F5.4 Q18306 C29F5.5 Q18307 C29F5.6 Q18309 C29F5.7 Q18311 C29F7.1 O17620 C29F7.2 O17621 C29F7.3 O17622 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C29F7.4 O17618 C29F7.5 O17617 fkh-4 encodes a member of the forkhead domain transcription factor family. C29F7.6 O17619 C29F7.7 O17623 C29F9.1 Q9TZB2 C29F9.10 Q9TZC1 C29F9.11 Q9TZC0 C29F9.12 Q9TZB6 C29F9.13 Q9TZB4 C29F9.14 Q95X20 C29F9.2 Q9TZB3 C29F9.3a Q9TZB5 C29F9.3b Q8MNX2 C29F9.3c Q8MNX3 C29F9.4 Q9TZB7 C29F9.5 Q9TZB8 C29F9.6 Q9TZB9 C29F9.7 Q9TZC4 The pat-4 gene encodes a serine/threonine kinase orthologous to human integrin-linked kinase (ILK, OMIM:602366) and is required for formation of integrin-mediated muscle cell attachments during embryogenesis; PAT-4 probably functions as an adaptor molecule and localizes to dense bodies and M lines; PAT-4 forms a ternary complex with PAT-6/actopaxin and UNC-112, and requires UNC-112, UNC-52/perlecan, PAT-2/alpha integrin, and PAT-3/beta integrin for proper localization to newly forming integrin adhesion complexes. C29F9.8 Q9TZC3 C29F9.9 Q9TZC2 C29H12.1 Q18316 C29H12.2 Q18315 C29H12.3a Q18312 rgs-3 encodes a protein with two highly similar RGS domains with highest similarity to human RGS8. C29H12.3b Q8MQB2 Regulator of G protein Signaling C29H12.5 Q18313 C29H12.6 Q18314 C30A5.10a Q95QT0 C30A5.10b Q95QS9 C30A5.2 P34348 C. elegans has two RecA homologs, one of which (RAD-51/Y43C5A.6) is closely related to RAD51 in S. cerevisiae. C30A5.3 P34349 C30A5.4 P34350 C30A5.5 P34351 snb-5 encodes a predicted synaptobrevin. C30A5.6 P34352 C30A5.7a P13528 unc-86 mutants are defective in their responses to chemosensory attractants, while gain-of-function UNC-86::VP16 transgenic animals are hypersensitive and hyperadaptive to attractants; this probably reflects expresssion of UNC-86 in the AIZ chemosensory interneuron. C30A5.7b P13528 Pou homeodomain C30B5.1 Q18320 C30B5.2a Q18319 C30B5.2b Q18319 C30B5.3 Q18317 The carboxy-terminal region which shows highest similarity to CPEBs from other species comprises the diagnostic hallmarks of CPEB family members, including two distinctive RRM motifs and consecutive C4 and C2H2 zinc fingers; however, a variations is present in CPB-2 protein, which contains a longer than usual spacing between the two RNP motifs of the first RRM. C30B5.4 Q18318 C30B5.5 Q18321 C30B5.6 Q18322 C30B5.7 Q18323 C30C11.1 Q04907 C30C11.2 Q04908 C30C11.4 Q05036 C30D11.1 Q18325 unc-103 mutant males protract their copulatory spicules independently of mating stimulation; the unc-103 protraction phenotype is suppressed by ablation of the SPC motor neurons and the anal depressor muscle, or by reduction of acetylcholine. C30D11.2 Q18324 C30E1.2 O17336 C30E1.3 O17335 C30E1.4 O17334 C30E1.5 O17333 C30E1.6 O17331 C30E1.7 O17330 C30E1.8 O17332 C30F12.1 Q95YE2 C30F12.2 Q95YE1 C30F12.3 Q95YE0 C30F12.4 Q95YD9 C30F12.5 Q95YD6 C30F12.6 Q95YD7 C30F12.7 Q95YD8 C30F2.1 Q18327 C30F2.2 Q18328 C30F2.3 Q18329 C30F2.4 Q7YX86 C30F2.5 Q7YX85 C30F8.2 Q95YD5 C30F8.3 Q95YD3 C30F8.4a Q95YD4 kin-32 encodes an ortholog of human focal adhesion kinase (FAK1; Q05397; OMIM:600758), also known as cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK2). C30F8.4b Q8T879 protein KINase C30G12.1 Q09255 C30G12.2 Q09486 C30G12.3 Q09256 C30G12.4 Q09257 C30G12.6a Q09259 C30G12.6b Q09259 C30G12.7 Q09487 C30G4.2 Q18330 C30G4.3 Q18331 C30G4.4a Q65ZH8 C30G4.4b Q65ZH9 C30G4.5 Q18334 C30G4.6 Q18335 C30G4.7 Q95ZX8 C30G7.1 Q18336 C30H6.1 O45276 C30H6.10 Q8MQB1 C30H6.11 Q7YTR7 C30H6.2 Q9XVR4 tag-141/C30H6.2 encodes a putative zinc transporter orthologous to human SLC39A4 (OMIM:607059, mutated in acrodermatitis enteropathica). C30H6.3 O45274 C30H6.4 O45275 C30H6.5 O45277 C30H6.6 O45278 haf-1 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily; by homology, HAF-1 is proposed to function in ATP-dependent transport of molecules across plasma and intracellular membranes; however, as loss of HAF-1 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of HAF-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C30H6.7 O45279 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C30H6.8 Q9XVR3 C30H6.9 Q9XVR5 C30H7.2 O01492 C31A11.1 O17856 C31A11.3 O45280 C31A11.4 O45281 C31A11.5 O45282 C31A11.6 O62081 C31A11.7 O45283 C31A11.9 O45284 C31B8.1 O16908 C31B8.11 O16906 C31B8.12 O16907 C31B8.13 O16909 C31B8.2 O16904 C31B8.4 O16898 C31B8.6 O16899 C31B8.7 O16900 C31B8.8 O16901 C31B8.9 O16902 C31C9.1a O01986 C31C9.1b Q8I0D2 Temporarily Assigned Gene name C31C9.2 O17626 C31C9.2 is also homologous to human HPR, which when mutated leads to hyperoxaluria, type II (OMIM:260000). C31C9.3 O45285 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C31C9.4 O45286 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C31C9.6 Q8I4M6 C31C9.7 Q7YX76 C31E10.1 Q93310 C31E10.2 Q93311 C31E10.3 Q93312 C31E10.4 Q93313 C31E10.5 Q93309 C31E10.6 Q93314 C31E10.7 Q93315 C31E10.7 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR MGC:10230) (CYB5; OMIM:250790), which when mutated leads to disease. C31E10.8 Q93316 C31G12.1 O17629 C31G12.2 O17630 C31G12.3 O17631 C31G12.4 O17632 C31H1.1 Q18340 C31H1.2 Q18337 C31H1.5 Q18339 C31H1.6a Q18341 C31H1.6b Q8I7L5 C31H1.7 Q18342 C31H1.8 Q18343 C31H2.1a Q18344 C31H2.1b Q8MQB0 C31H2.2 Q18345 dpy-8 mutations do not rescue putative emb-5 or glp-1 null mutants, and do not strongly suppress emb-5(ts) mutations; it thus appears that loss of DPY-8 function does not actually bypass the requirement for either EMB-5 or GLP-1 in development. C31H2.3 Q18346 C31H2.4 Q18347 C31H2.4 is orthologous to human 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE (HPD; OMIM:276710), which when mutated leads to tyrosinemia type III; C31H2.4 is somewhat less similar to human HPD than C. elegans HPD-1 (to which C31H2.4 is paralogous). C31H5.1 O62084 C31H5.3 O62083 acr-19 encodes a predicted member of the alpha subunit family of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. C31H5.4 O62082 C31H5.5 O62085 C31H5.6 O62086 C31H5.7 Q7YTS8 C32A3.1a Q09260 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C32A3.1b Q09260 Suppressor/Enhancer of Lin-12 C32A3.2 Q09261 C32A3.3a Q93317 C32A3.3b Q8MM78 C32A9.1 Q18349 C32B5.10 P91104 C32B5.11 P91105 C32B5.12 P91106 C32B5.13 P91110 C32B5.14 P91112 C32B5.15 P91114 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C32B5.16 P91109 C32B5.1a Q95ZM4 C32B5.1b Q8IFY4 C32B5.2 P91118 C32B5.3 P91117 C32B5.4 P91116 C32B5.5 P91115 C32B5.6 P91113 C32B5.7 P91111 C32B5.8 P91108 C32B5.9 P91107 C32C4.1 Q18351 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C32C4.2 Q18352 C32C4.3 Q18353 C32C4.5 Q8MQA9 In mab-23 males, SER-2 expression is weak compared to wild-type. C32D5.1 Q09262 C32D5.10 Q09268 C32D5.11 Q18355 C32D5.12 Q09491 C32D5.2 Q09488 C32D5.3 Q09263 C32D5.4 Q09264 C32D5.5 Q09265 C32D5.6 Q09266 C32D5.7 Q09267 C32D5.8a Q09489 C32D5.8b Q65ZJ7 C32D5.9 Q09490 C32E12.1 P91122 C32E12.2 P91119 C32E12.3 P91120 C32E12.4 Q95Q77 C32E12.5 Q8T3B9 C32E8.1 P91131 C32E8.10a Q9XZI6 unc-11 encodes multiple isoforms of a clathrin-adaptor protein AP180 (OMIM:603025) that functions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis; UNC-11 is essential for embryogenesis, locomotion, and pharyngeal pumping, and regulates neurotransmitter release by controlling vesicle trafficking and fusion; UNC-11 is also required for localization of SNB-1/synaptobrevin to synaptic vesicles, thus acting as a sorting protein as well as a clathrin-adaptor protein; UNC-11 is expressed at high levels in nearly all neurons, where it is enriched at presynaptic terminals, and is also expressed in coelomocytes, the uv1 secretory cells of the vulva, and the intestine. C32E8.10b Q9XZI6 UNCoordinated C32E8.10c Q95Q72 UNCoordinated C32E8.10d Q95Q73 UNCoordinated C32E8.10e Q95Q75 UNCoordinated C32E8.10f Q9XZI6 UNCoordinated C32E8.10h Q9XZI6 UNCoordinated C32E8.11 P91133 C32E8.2a P91128 rpl-13 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L13 protein. C32E8.2b Q86GU2 Ribosomal Protein, Large subunit C32E8.3 P91127 C32E8.4 P91126 C32E8.5 P91125 C32E8.6a P91123 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C32E8.6b Q8T3B8 C32E8.7 P91124 ric-19 is transcribed in all neurons and in specialized secretory cells; this resembles the expression pattern seen for mouse ICA69, which is most highly expressed in brain, pancreas, and stomach mucosa. C32E8.8 P91129 C32E8.9 P91130 C32F10.1a O01686 C32F10.1b Q8I7N6 Oxysterol Binding protein (OSBP) Related C32F10.2 O01682 lin-35 encodes the C. elegans retinoblastoma protein (Rb) ortholog; lin-35 was first identified in screens for synthetic multivulva (synMuv) genes and as a class B synMuv gene, functions redundantly with class A genes to antagonize Ras signaling and negatively regulate vulval development; in addition, LIN-35 activity is required redundantly with PHA-1 and UBC-18 for early steps in pharyngeal morphogenesis, with FZR-1 for normal postembryonic development, and with XNP-1 for somatic gonad development; on its own, LIN-35 is also required for wild-type fertility; LIN-35 is expressed broadly in embryos and L1 larvae, and is then detected in vulval precursor cells and their descendants as well as a subset of head and tail cells in later larvae and adults. C32F10.4 O01681 C32F10.5 O01683 C32F10.6 Q10902 nhr-2 encodes a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family that is required for embryonic viability and morphogenesis; expressed during embryogenesis. C32F10.8a O01685 C32F10.8b Q86GU3 C32H11.1 Q9XTE4 C32H11.10 Q9U3N6 C32H11.11 Q9XTN7 C32H11.12 Q9XUH3 C32H11.13 Q9XUH2 C32H11.2 Q9XUH1 C32H11.3 Q9XUH8 C32H11.4 Q9XUH7 C32H11.5 Q9XUH6 C32H11.6 Q9XUH5 C32H11.7 Q9XUH0 C32H11.8 Q9XTN7 C32H11.9 Q9XUH4 C33A11.1 Q93318 C33A11.2 Q93319 C33A11.4 Q93320 C33A12.1 Q18359 C33A12.10 Q18364 C33A12.11 Q18366 C33A12.12 Q18367 C33A12.13 O17633 C33A12.14 O17634 C33A12.15 O17635 C33A12.16 Q18362 C33A12.19 Q86D15 C33A12.2 Q18356 C33A12.3 Q18357 C33A12.4 Q18358 C33A12.6 Q18361 C33A12.7 O17636 C33A12.8 Q18363 C33B4.2 Q09492 C33B4.3a Q09493 C33B4.3b Q7JMK1 Temporarily Assigned Gene name C33B4.4 Q7YX74 C33B4.5 Q7YX73 C33C12.1 O16584 C33C12.10 O16583 C33C12.3 O16580 C33C12.4 O16576 C33C12.5 O16577 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C33C12.6 O16578 C33C12.7 O16579 C33C12.8 O16581 C33C12.9 O16582 C33D12.1 Q22910 ceh-31 encodes a protein containing a homeobox domain. C33D12.2 Q22904 However, the conserved ACD domain has been predicted to have transmembrane sequences, at least one ACD homolog (Mam3p in S. cerevisiae) is localized to the vacuolar membrane, and recent work has shown that murine Acdp1 in hippocampal neurons is primarily located in the plasma membrane. C33D12.3 Q21467 C33D12.6 Q22908 C33D12.7 Q22909 ceh-30 encodes a homeodomain protein most similar to Drosophila and mammalian BarH1 (OMIM:605211) which function in neuronal cell fate determination; the precise biological role of CEH-30 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C33D3.1 Q10655 elt-2 encodes a GATA-type transcription factor most similar to the vertebrate GATA4-6 transcription factors required for cardiac and endoderm development (OMIM:601656, 600576); in C. elegans, ELT-2 is required redundantly with ELT-7 for initiating and maintaining terminal differentiation of the intestine; ELT-2 is expressed solely in the intestine, beginning embryonically at the 2E-cell stage and continuing in all intestinal cells throughout the life of the animal; in the regulatory hierarchy controlling endoderm development, ELT-2 lies downstream of the maternal regulators SKN-1 and POP-1 and the embryonic GATA factors MED-1/-2, and END-1/-3; in turn, ELT-2, along with ELT-7, likely regulates transcription of a number of intestine-specific terminal differentiation genes such as ges-1, ifb-2, pha-4, and the stress-induced mtl-2; ELT-2 also positively autoregulates, presumably to ensure maintenance of intestinal differentiation. C33D3.3 Q18369 C33D3.4 Q18370 C33D3.5 Q8MM60 C33D9.1a Q18372 The exc-5 gene encodes a homolog of human FGD1, which when mutated leads to Aarskog-Scott syndrome (OMIM:305400). C33D9.1b Q968Z5 PH (pleckstrin homology) domain C33D9.2 Q18373 C33D9.3a Q86D17 C33D9.3b Q86D16 C33D9.4 Q18375 C33D9.5 Q18378 C33D9.6 Q18377 C33D9.8 Q18376 C33D9.9 Q8WQG2 C33E10.1 O61801 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C33E10.10 O61799 C33E10.2 O61800 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C33E10.5 O61797 C33E10.6 Q9N504 C33E10.8 O61798 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C33F10.1 Q18389 C33F10.11 Q18388 C33F10.12 Q18390 C33F10.13 Q95QS7 C33F10.2 Q18386 C33F10.4a Q18380 C33F10.5a Q18382 C33F10.5b Q9BIA2 neuRonal IGCAM C33F10.5c Q8MQA8 neuRonal IGCAM C33F10.5d Q65ZI0 neuRonal IGCAM C33F10.7a Q18384 C33F10.8 Q18385 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C33F10.9 P53017 C33G3.1a Q8STF6 In mammals, CAPON may influence nNOS by interacting with nNOS and with synapsins, and thus regulating the ability of nNOS to associate with PSD95/NMDA receptor complexes. C33G3.1b Q8STF6 DYstrophin-like phenotype and CAPON related C33G3.3 Q93323 C33G3.4 Q93324 C33G3.4 is orthologous to the human gene BETA-MANNOSIDASE (MANBA; OMIM:248510), which when mutated leads to disease. C33G3.5 Q93322 C33G3.6 Q93321 C33G8.1 Q18402 C33G8.10 Q18395 C33G8.11 Q86PJ2 nhr-107 encodes a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family. C33G8.12 Q18392 C33G8.13 Q95ZX7 C33G8.2 Q18401 C33G8.3 Q18400 C33G8.4 Q18399 C33G8.5 Q18398 C33G8.6 O76828 C33G8.7 Q18391 C33G8.8 Q18393 C33G8.9 Q18394 C33H5.1 Q18417 C33H5.10 Q18407 C33H5.11 Q18408 C33H5.12a Q18409 C33H5.12b Q18409 SR Protein (splicing factor) C33H5.12c Q18409 SR Protein (splicing factor) C33H5.13 Q18410 C33H5.14 Q18411 C33H5.15 Q18412 C33H5.16 Q18415 C33H5.17 Q18418 C33H5.18a P53439 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C33H5.18b Q95QS5 C33H5.19 Q95QS6 C33H5.2 Q18416 C33H5.3 Q18414 C33H5.4a Q18413 klp-10 encodes a kinesin-like motor protein that displays similarity to diverse types of kinesin motor domains such as those found in C. elegans OSM-3, the vertebrate CHO1/MKLP proteins, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kip3; KLP-10 is required for embryogensis, may play a role in meiosis, and has been implicated in chromosome segregation and cell cycle progression. C33H5.4b Q7YXG4 Kinesin-Like Protein C33H5.6 Q18404 C33H5.7 Q18403 C33H5.8 Q18405 C33H5.9 Q18406 C34B2.1 O44957 C34B2.10 O44953 C34B2.11 Q95X54 C34B2.2 O44956 C34B2.3 O44950 C34B2.4 O44949 C34B2.5 O44951 C34B2.6 O44952 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C34B2.7 O44954 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C34B2.8 O44955 C34B2.9 O44958 C34B4.1 Q18420 C34B4.2 Q18419 C34B4.3 Q6BES4 C34B4.4 Q6BES5 C34B4.5 Q6BES6 C34B7.1 P90769 The C34B7.1 gene encodes a divergent MYST acetyltransferase that is (apparently) unique to Caenorhabditis; it has no well-characterized orthologs in the complete Drosophila or S. cerevisiae genomes, and no obvious orthologs in the draft human genome sequence either. C34B7.2 P90770 C34B7.3 P90771 C34B7.4 Q95ZX6 C34C12.1 Q09494 C34C12.2 Q09495 C34C12.3 Q09496 C34C12.4 Q09269 C34C12.5 Q09497 C34C12.6 Q09270 C34C12.7 Q09271 C34C12.8 Q18421 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C34C12.9 Q7YX95 C34C6.1 Q18428 C34C6.2 Q18423 C34C6.3 Q18424 C34C6.4 Q18429 C34C6.5a Q18425 C34C6.5b Q7JM91 C34C6.6a Q18426 PRX-5 protein interacts strongly in a two-hybrid assay with Gal4p-SKL, indicating that the eukaryotic PRX5-dependent route for importing PTS1-containing proteins into peroxisomes is conserved in nematodes; furthermore, a screen using PRX-5 identified interaction partners which appear likely to be peroxisomal proteins. C34C6.6b Q7JM90 PeRoXisome assembly factor C34C6.7 Q18427 C34C6.8 P20270 ceh-7 encodes a homeodomain transcription factor; expressed in cells around the rectum of the male tail. C34D1.1 Q18436 C34D1.2 Q18435 C34D1.3 Q18434 C34D1.4 Q18433 C34D1.5 Q9XTJ2 C34D10.1 Q18438 C34D10.2 Q18437 C34D4.1 Q18452 C34D4.10 Q18440 C34D4.11 Q18444 C34D4.12 Q18445 cyp-12 encodes a member of the cyclophilin family. C34D4.13 Q18446 C34D4.14 Q18447 C34D4.15 Q18450 C34D4.2 Q27475 C34D4.3 Q18451 C34D4.4 Q18449 C34D4.5 Q18448 C34D4.8 Q18441 C34D4.9 Q18439 C34E10.1 P46576 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. C34E10.10 Q95QS4 C34E10.11 Q95QS3 C34E10.2 P46577 gop-2 encodes a member of the conserved hypothetical ATP binding protein family that affects embryonic viability, growth, and fertility. C34E10.3 P46578 C34E10.4a P46579 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C34E10.4b Q5TYM1 tryptophanyl (W) tRNA Synthetase C34E10.5 P46580 C34E10.6 P46561 Such L3 arrest is also induced by inhibitors of mitochondrial translation such as chloramphenicol or doxycycline. C34E10.7 P46581 cnd-1 is orthologous to the human gene NEUROGENIC DIFFERENTIATION 1 (NEUROD1; OMIM:601724), which when mutated leads to disease. C34E10.8 P46582 C34E10.9 P46583 C34E11.1 Q18453 C34E11.2 Q18454 C34E11.3 Q20795 C34E11.4 Q7YTS5 C34E7.1 Q18456 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C34E7.3 Q18458 C34E7.4 Q17674 C34F11.1 Q18466 C34F11.2 Q18465 C34F11.3a Q18463 C34F11.3b Q95ZX5 C34F11.4 P53017 C34F11.5 Q18462 C34F11.6 Q18461 C34F11.8 Q18464 C34F11.9a Q95ZX3 Unlike the Disheveled homolog MIG-5, DSH-1 does not physically interact with the axin homolog PRY-1; this is consistent with the observation that MAB-5, but not DSH-1 (or DSH-2), is needed for MAB-5 expression in the QL lineage. C34F11.9b Q18467 dishevelled-like protein C34F11.9c Q95ZX4 DiSHevelled related C34F6.1 O17644 C34F6.10 O17637 C34F6.11 Q7YX65 C34F6.2 O17641 C34F6.3 O17642 C34F6.4 O17645 C34F6.5 O17639 C34F6.6 O17640 C34F6.7 O17638 C34F6.8 O17643 C34F6.9 O17646 C34G6.1 Q8T3B6 C34G6.2 O01497 C34G6.3 O01496 C34G6.4 O01495 pgp-2 encodes a member of the ABC transporter family with highest similarity to the vertebrate MDR (multidrug resistance) family, and is orthologous to human MDR1 (ABCB1; OMIM:171050, mutated in Crohn disease); PGP-2 is expressed at lower levels during the embryonic stages with higher expression later in development. C34G6.5 O01493 C34G6.6a O01494 C34G6.6b Q8T3B7 C34G6.7a O01498 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C34G6.7b Q8I7I2 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein C34H3.1 Q9N5X7 C34H3.2 Q9N5X6 odd-2 encodes a protein with homology to the Drosophila ODD-SKIPPED family members and affects larval viability; expressed in the intestine. C34H4.1 O45144 C34H4.2 O45143 C34H4.3 O45142 C34H4.4a O45140 C34H4.4b Q86S35 COLlagen C34H4.5 Q8MXH4 C35A11.1 O16548 C35A11.2 O16546 C35A11.3 O16545 C35A11.4 O16547 C35A5.1 Q18469 C35A5.2 Q18470 C35A5.3 Q18472 C35A5.4 Q18471 C35A5.5 Q18473 C35A5.6 Q18474 C35A5.7 Q18475 C35A5.8 Q18476 C35A5.9 Q18477 C35B1.1 P52478 UBC-1 self-associates, and can form a bond with ubiquitin, in vitro. C35B1.2a O45061 C35B1.2b Q86S36 C35B1.2c Q7KPR1 C35B1.3 O45059 C35B1.4 O45058 C35B1.5 O45060 C35B1.7 Q95X48 C35B1.8 Q7YXG5 C35B8.1 Q18480 C35B8.2 Q18479 vav-1 encodes an ortholog of the Vav proto-oncogene, a complex protein with several domains, from N- to C-terminus: a calponin-like actin-binding domain; a RhoGEF/DH domain; a pleckstrin-like domain; a SH2 motif domain; and an SH3 domain. C35C5.1 Q93326 Mutations of sdc-2 are enhanced by mutations of sdc-1. C35C5.10 Q7YTQ9 C35C5.2 Q93332 C35C5.4 P90979 mig-2 is genetically downstream of unc-73 with respect to axon guidance. C35C5.5 Q93329 Subunits of nAChRs fall into two main categories: alpha subunits are defined by adjacent cysteines which contribute to the ACh binding site, while non-alpha subunits lack this motif. C35C5.6 Q93330 C35C5.8a Q95QS2 C35C5.8b Q93334 C35C5.9 Q93333 C35D10.10 Q18484 C35D10.11 Q27317 C35D10.12 Q18489 C35D10.13 Q18490 C35D10.14 Q18492 C35D10.15 Q95QR9 C35D10.16 P58798 C35D10.17 Q8MNU7 C35D10.1a Q8WQG1 C35D10.1b Q8MNU6 C35D10.2 Q18488 C35D10.3 Q18487 C35D10.4 Q18486 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. C35D10.5 Q18485 C35D10.6 Q18483 C35D10.7a Q8IG41 C35D10.7b Q8IG40 C35D10.8 Q18481 C35D10.9 P30429 The third is a WD domain. C35D6.1 O46344 C35D6.10 Q5WRL8 C35D6.2 O46344 C35D6.3 O45288 C35D6.4 O45289 C35D6.5 O45290 C35D6.9 Q5WRL9 C35E7.1 O61775 C35E7.10a O61767 C35E7.10b O61768 protein kinase C35E7.11 Q95X36 C35E7.2a Q95X38 C35E7.2b Q95X37 C35E7.3 O61773 C35E7.4 O61772 C35E7.5a O61771 C35E7.5b Q8IA60 C35E7.6 O61770 C35E7.7 O61769 C35E7.8 O61766 C35E7.9 O61765 C36A4.1 Q27477 C36A4.10 Q18497 C36A4.2 Q27476 C36A4.4 Q18493 C36A4.5 Q18494 C36A4.6 Q27479 C36A4.8 Q93335 The brc-1 gene encodes a homolog of human BRCA1, which when mutated leads to early onset breast and ovarian cancer (OMIM:113705). C36A4.9a Q18496 C36A4.9b Q65ZB8 C36B1.10 Q93344 C36B1.11 Q93345 C36B1.12 Q93346 C36B1.1a Q7JL30 It is in some way associated with the NC1/endostatin domain of Caenorhabditis elegans type XVIII collagen, which affects cell migration and axon guidance. C36B1.1b Q9U9K6 cle-1 isoform B C36B1.1c O17866 cle-1 isoform C C36B1.1d Q8I0G6 collagen C36B1.3 Q93338 C36B1.4 Q95005 C36B1.5 Q93339 C36B1.6 Q93340 C36B1.7 Q93341 C36B1.8a Q93342 C36B1.8b Q8I4M5 C36B1.9 Q93343 C36B7.1 Q966P5 C36B7.2 Q966P6 C36B7.3 Q966P7 C36B7.4 Q966Q1 C36B7.5a Q966P9 C36B7.5b Q966Q0 C36B7.6 Q966P8 C36B7.7 Q966P4 hen-1 encodes a secretory protein that contains a low-density lipoprotein receptor class A domain and affects integration of sensory stimuli and behavioral plasticity; expressed in pharyngeal muscles, the vulva, and is weakly expressed in a subset of neurons. C36C5.9 Q8ITZ4 C36C9.1 Q9TZK8 C36C9.2 Q9TZL0 C36C9.3 Q9TZK9 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C36C9.4 Q9TZK7 C36C9.5 Q9TZK6 C36E6.1a Q9BLA1 A dominant-negative form of FUBP1-like proteins can be generated in vitro and expressed transgenically; doing so negatively regulates the activity of several other transcription factors associated with c-myc's FUSE site. C36E6.1b Q9BLA0 C36E6.2 Q9BL99 C36E6.3 P19625 encodes a muscle regulatory myosin light chain that is nearly identical to MLC-2 and functions redundantly with MLC-2 in the body-wall and in pharyngeal muscle to affect L1 larval viability, elongation, and pharyngeal and body-wall muscle development, and also affects locomotion and growth; expressed in the body-wall muscles, pharyngeal muscles, and vulval muscles. C36E6.5 P19626 C36E8.1 P48322 C36E8.2 O62089 C36E8.3 Q18500 C36E8.4 Q18501 C36E8.5 P52275 tbb-2(sb26) rescues the lethality caused by excessive MEI-1/MEI-2 activity by dominant negative inhibition of microtubule cleavage; the sb26 mutation alters the extreme C-terminus of TBB-2, which is not required for in vitro microtubule polymerization but is required for microtubule severing by katanin. C36F7.1 Q93348 C36F7.2 Q93349 C36F7.4a Q93350 C36F7.4b Q9NAR0 neuRonal IGCAM C36F7.5 Q93351 C36H8.1 Q18503 C36H8.2 Q9U3N4 inx-6 encodes an innexin, an integral transmembrane channel protein that is a structural component of invertebrate gap junctions; INX-6 is required for formation of pharyngeal gap junctions and thus for the electrical coupling and synchronous muscle contractions necessary for normal feeding behavior and postembryonic development; INX-6 may function redundantly with EAT-5, another C. elegans innexin; INX-6 expression is first detected in embryonic pharyngeal precursors and during later larval and adult stages, in pharyngeal corpus muscles and isthmus marginal cells, where INX-6 localizes to plaque-like structures in the plasma membrane. C36H8.3 Q18502 flp-9 encodes a predicted FMRFamide-like peptide neurotransmitter that inhibits action potentials in the pharyngeal muscle when applied to the pharynx of dissected worms and inhibits movement when injected into A. suum; expressed at highest levels prior to adulthood. C37A2.2 O01505 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C37A2.3 O01502 C37A2.4a O01501 One hypothesis to account for cye-1 phenotypes is that a timing mechanism may control the onset of vulval cell terminal differentiation: once induced, vulval cells may differentiate after a set amount of time, rather than in a specific number of division cycles. C37A2.4b O01501 CYclin E C37A2.5a O01500 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C37A2.5b Q8I7I1 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein C37A2.6 O01503 C37A2.7 O01504 C37A2.8a O01506 C37A2.8b Q95Q71 C37A5.1 O62095 C37A5.2 O62092 C37A5.4 O62091 C37A5.7 O62096 C37A5.8 O62093 C37A5.9 O62090 C37C3.1 Q22919 C37C3.10 Q22920 C37C3.11 Q22921 C37C3.12 Q8I7H8 C37C3.13 Q8I7H9 C37C3.2a Q22918 C37C3.2b Q22918 C37C3.2c Q8I7H7 C37C3.3 Q22916 C37C3.4 Q22914 grd-8 encodes a member of the C. elegans hedgehog-like family and contains a DUF398 domain, a domain thus far unique to C. elegans. C37C3.6a Q8I7I0 Drosophila papilin inhibits ADAMTS metalloproteinases in vitro, and C37C3.6 may thus negatively regulate ADAMTS metalloproteinases in vivo. C37C3.6b O76840 protease inhibitor C37C3.6c Q8MPV5 PaPiliN (Drosophila ECM protein) homolog C37C3.7 Q22913 C37C3.8a Q22915 C37C3.8b Q22915 C37C3.9 Q22917 C37E2.1 Q93353 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C37E2.2 Q93354 C37E2.3 Q93355 C37E2.5 Q93356 ceh-37 encodes one of three C. elegans proteins with an OTX-like homeodomain; however, CEH-37 lacks other domains found in OTX proteins, and the CEH-37 homeodomain is predicted to resemble the Myb domain of telomere-binding proteins; CEH-37 binds the telomeric sequence 'TTAGGC' if it is repeated at least 1.5 times, and is mainly localized to the telomere in vivo; ceh-37 mutants have a weak increase in chromosomal nondisjunction; CEH-37 is involved in specifying some aspects of the AWB olfactory neuron fate, such as expression of an AWB-specific odorant receptor and a LIM-class homeodomain protein, LIM-4; CEH-37 is expressed broadly in the early embryo, while in larvae and adults it is expressed solely in the excretory cell. C37F5.1 Q965J5 lin-1 encodes an Ets-domain-containing transcription factor that is a member of the ETS gene family that includes human ELK1, 3, and 4 (OMIM:600247); LIN-1 functions as a general effector of MAP kinase-mediated signaling; when MAP kinase is inactive, LIN-1 forms a complex with LIN-31/WH that inhibits vulval cell fate specification; upon MAP kinase activation (vulval induction), LIN-1 is phosphorylated, dissociates from LIN-31, and becomes inactive, thus allowing for vulval development. C37H5.1 P91144 nex-4 encodes a predicted annexin. C37H5.10 P91138 cwp-1 encodes a nematode-specific protein that is coexpressed with lov-1 and pkd-2. C37H5.11 P91139 cwp-2 encodes a nematode-specific protein that is coexpressed with lov-1 and pkd-2. C37H5.13a Q95Q68 C37H5.13b Q95Q67 C37H5.2 P91143 C37H5.3a P91141 C37H5.3b Q8I7H5 C37H5.4 P91140 cwp-3 encodes an unfamiliar protein predicted to be secreted and alleged to be coexpressed with polycystins; CWP-3 is dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens. C37H5.5 P91136 C37H5.6a Q8MNS2 C37H5.6b P91134 adenylosuccinate synthetase C37H5.8 P11141 hsp-6 is nuclear encoded. C37H5.9a P91137 C37H5.9b P91137 Nematode AStacin protease C37H5.9c P91137 Nematode AStacin protease C38C10.1 Q03566 tkr-1 encodes a G protein-coupled receptor that is the C. elegans tachykinin-like neuropeptide receptor homolog; by homology, TKR-1 is predicted to function in modulation of excitatory neurotransmission; as loss of tkr-1 activity via RNAi results in moderate reduction of fat content, TKR-1 may play a specific role in regulating lipid metabolism; a tkr-1 reporter gene fusion is reportedly expressed in the socket cells of the deirid and post-deirid sensilla from the L2 larval stage through adulthood. C38C10.2 Q03567 C38C10.2 is orthologous to the human gene SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 17 (ANION/SUGAR TRANSPORTER), MEMBER 5 (SLC17A5; OMIM:604322), which when mutated leads to disease. C38C10.3 Q03568 C38C10.4 Q03569 gpr-2 encodes a protein containing a GPR (G Protein Regulator)/GoLoco motif characteristic of guanine nucleotide exchange factors specific for G-alpha GTPases; GPR-2 appears to function redundantly during early embryogenesis and germ-line development to regulate chromosome and spindle movements during cell division; GPR-2 likely acts as a positive regulator of G protein signaling and specifically, may regulate GOA-1 signaling in the embryo; GPR-2 forms a protein complex with the nearly identical GPR-1 and with LIN-5, a coiled-coil protein that is required for proper localization of GPR-2 to the cell cortex and spindle asters of the early embryo; in addition, proper GPR-2/GPR-1/LIN-5 localization between the P2 and EMS blastomeres at the four-cell stage, which may contribute to spindle positioning in EMS, requires the MES-1/SRC-1 tyrosine kinase signaling pathway; GPR-2 is believed to act downstream of, or in parallel to, PAR-3, a PDZ domain-containing protein, in mitotic spindle positioning in the early embryo. C38C10.5a Q03570 C38C10.5b Q03570 RGR (yeast transcriptional mediator complex) homolog C38C10.6 Q7YX47 C38C3.1 O17080 C38C3.2 O17077 C38C3.3 O17076 C38C3.4a O17074 C38C3.4b Q7KQ32 C38C3.5a Q07750 In vitro, UNC-60A and UNC-60B have been shown to differentially regulate actin filament dynamics, suggesting that they may have distinct physiological functions. C38C3.5b Q9UAU4 actin depolymerizing factor C38C3.5c Q07749 UNCoordinated C38C3.6 O17075 C38C3.7 O17078 C38C3.8 O17079 C38C3.9 O17081 C38C5.1 Q18505 C38C6.2 O45298 atg-2 is orthologous to human SLC3A1 (OMIM:104614, mutated in cystinuria). C38C6.3 O45299 C38C6.4 O45300 C38C6.5 O45301 C38C6.6 O45302 C38D4.1a Q18507 C38D4.1b Q18506 C38D4.3 Q18508 C38D4.4 Q18509 C38D4.5 P46941 C38D4.6b Q65ZB9 pal-1 encodes a homeodomain protein that is the C. elegans Caudal ortholog; PAL-1 is required maternally and embryonically for cell fate specification and posterior patterning during embryogenesis; PAL-1 is also required postembryonically for fate specification of the posterior V6 neuroectoblast during male tail development; PAL-1 is expressed in posterior blastomeres beginning at the four-cell stage of embryogenesis and its expression continues during embryogenesis in posterior-derived tissues and cells undergoing movement or forming midline structures; pal-1 is subject to both transcriptional and translational regulation. C38D4.7 Q18512 C38D4.8 Q18510 C38D4.9 Q18511 C38D9.1 Q9XVC5 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C38D9.2 Q9XVC4 C38D9.3 Q9XVC3 C38D9.4 Q9XVC2 C38D9.5 Q9XTC7 C38D9.6 Q9U3N1 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C38D9.7 Q9U3N2 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C38D9.8 Q9U3N3 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C38D9.9 Q9U3N0 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C38H2.1 Q18514 C38H2.2 Q18515 C38H2.3 Q7YX56 C39B10.1 Q18517 C39B10.2 Q18518 C39B10.3 Q18521 C39B10.4 Q18519 C39B10.5 Q18520 C39B10.6 Q8MQA7 elt-4 encodes an unusually small (74-residue) GATA factor, that is expressed in embryonic gut and that may have a minor role in gut development. C39B5.1 Q9N5W5 C39B5.10 Q9N5W6 C39B5.11 Q9N5W4 C39B5.12 Q9N5X1 C39B5.2 Q9N5W7 C39B5.3 Q9N5W9 C39B5.4 Q9N5X0 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C39B5.5 Q9N5X4 C39B5.6 Q9N5X5 C39B5.7 Q9N5X2 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C39B5.8 Q9N5X3 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C39B5.9 Q9N5W8 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C39D10.1 Q18528 C39D10.11 Q5WRT4 C39D10.2 Q18525 C39D10.3 Q18524 C39D10.5 Q18526 C39D10.6 Q18527 C39D10.7 Q18529 C39D10.8a Q95QR8 C39D10.8b Q95QR7 C39D10.8c Q8T3E9 C39D10.9 Q8T3E8 C39E6.1 Q18530 C39E6.2 Q18531 C39E6.4 Q18533 C39E6.6 Q18534 Candidates for such factors include the G alpha-q protein EGL-30, the phospholipase C-gamma PLC-8 and the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II unc-43; egl-30(n686), egl-8(n488), or unc-43(gf) mutations suppress the excess motoneuron branching induced by unc-6deltaC. C39E9.1 Q18542 C39E9.10 Q18545 C39E9.11 Q18535 C39E9.11 is orthologous to the human gene PAPILLARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (TRANSLOCATION-ASSOCIATED) (PRCC; OMIM:179755), which when mutated leads to disease. C39E9.12 Q18546 C39E9.13 Q18547 C39E9.14a Q17535 C39E9.14b Q95NT3 Dynein Light Intermediate chain C39E9.2 Q18543 C39E9.3 Q18537 C39E9.4 Q18538 C39E9.5 Q18539 C39E9.6 Q18540 C39E9.7 Q18544 C39E9.8a Q18541 C39E9.8b Q7JLS6 C39E9.9 Q18536 C39F7.1 Q9UAQ5 C39F7.2 Q9UAQ3 C39F7.4 Q9UAQ6 rab-1 encodes an ortholog of the small Ras-like GTPase Rab1; by homology, RAB-1 is predicted to play a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking, and consistent with this broad role, large-scale RNAi screens indicate that rab-1 activity is required for fertility, movement, and survival; in yeast two-hybrid assays, RAB-1 interacts with TIR-1, a C. elegans SARM ortholog that is required for innate immunity; RNAi studies suggest that RAB-1 and TIR-1 likely function in a pathway that controls expression of antimicrobial peptides such as NLP-29 and NLP-31; rab-1 also appears to play a role in regulating polyglutamine protein aggregation, as rab-1(RNAi) animals show premature accumulation of protein aggregates; in situ hybridization studies indicate that rab-1 is broadly expressed, with elevated levels apparent in the germline. C39F7.5 Q9UAQ7 C39H7.1 Q18553 C39H7.4 Q18550 C39H7.5 Q18551 C39H7.6 Q18552 C39H7.7 Q95ZX2 C40A11.1 Q9TZA4 C40A11.10 Q965H0 C40A11.2 Q9TZA7 C40A11.3 Q9TZA9 C40A11.4 Q9TZB0 C40A11.5 Q9TZB1 C40A11.6 Q9TZA8 C40A11.7 Q9TZA6 C40A11.8 Q9TZA5 C40A11.9 Q9TZA3 C40C9.1 O76790 C40C9.2 Q18556 acr-9 encodes a predicted member of the alpha subunit family of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. C40C9.3 Q18555 C40C9.4 Q18557 C40C9.5a Q9XTG1 C40C9.5b Q8I0R2 Carboxylesterases (2 domains) C40D2.1 O76559 C40D2.2 O76558 The C40D2.2 gene encodes a protein closely similar to C46F9.3, which has a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain and may be involved in apoptosis. C40D2.3 O76557 C40D2.4 O76560 C40H1.1 Q03571 The carboxy-terminal region which shows highest similarity to CPEBs from other species comprises the diagnostic hallmarks of CPEB family members, including two distinctive RRM motifs and consecutive C4 and C2H2 zinc fingers. C40H1.2 Q03572 C40H1.3 Q03573 C40H1.4 Q03574 It is likely that elo-4 encodes an elongase component, but its actual biochemical activity is not yet known. C40H1.5 Q03575 C40H1.6 Q03598 C40H1.7 Q9BIA1 C40H1.8 Q7YX61 C40H1.9 Q7YX60 C40H5.2 Q9U3M6 C40H5.3 Q9U3M9 C40H5.4 Q9U3M7 C40H5.5 Q94156 One of the targets of TTX-3, in combination with the homeodomain protein CEH-10, is the gene ceh-23, itself encoding a homeodomain protein. C40H5.6 Q9U3M8 C40H5.7 Q9BIA0 C41A3.1 Q18559 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C41A3.2a Q18558 C41A3.2b Q9BI99 C41C4.1 Q09272 C41C4.2 Q09273 C41C4.3 Q09498 C41C4.4 Q09499 IRE-1 acts in parallel with PEK-1, an ortholog of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3) that mediates translational attenutation, to maintain ER homeostasis and promote normal development. C41C4.5 Q09274 unc-105 encodes a muscle degenerin, a mechanosensory membrane channel that is a member of the degenerin ion channel superfamily and similar to subunits of the mammalian amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC, OMIM:600761); UNC-105 is required for normal growth and for normal contraction and organization of muscle, where it is expressed; UNC-105 interacts with LET-2, an alpha2 chain of type IV collagen that is also expressed by muscle and localized to the basement membrane between muscle and hypodermis. C41C4.6 Q09275 C41C4.7a Q09500 C41C4.7 encodes an ortholog of the human cystinosin gene (CTNS; OMIM:606272, which when mutated leads to nephropathic cystinosis (OMIM:219800); sequence analysis suggests that cystinosin is an integral lysosomal membrane protein. C41C4.7b Q8I4M4 C41C4.8 P54812 C41C4.9 Q7YX62 C41D11.1 O01977 C41D11.2 O01974 C41D11.3 O01972 C41D11.4 Q8T3G4 C41D11.5 O01975 C41D11.6 O01978 C41D11.7 O01976 C41D11.8 Q95NM6 C41D11.9 Q95QZ5 C41D7.1 O16529 C41D7.2 O16530 ptr-3 encodes a member of the Patched superfamily. C41G11.1 Q18561 C41G11.3 Q18563 rgs-6 encodes a regulator of G protein signaling; by homology, RGS-6 is predicted to function as a GTPase-activating protein that binds G protein alpha subunits and negatively regulates heterotrimeric G protein signaling; loss of rgs-6 activity via RNAi or a deletion mutation results in no obvious defects, and likewise, rgs-6 overexpression has no measurable effect on egg-laying behavior, locomotion, or viability; the rgs-6 expression pattern has not yet been reported. C41G11.4a Q18564 C41G11.4b Q8MQA6 C41G11.4c Q7JP11 C41G6.1 O17655 C41G6.10 O17658 C41G6.11 O17663 C41G6.12 O17664 C41G6.13 O62097 C41G6.14 Q9U3M4 C41G6.15 Q9U3M3 C41G6.16 Q6BES1 C41G6.2 O17654 C41G6.3 O17656 C41G6.5 O17657 C41G6.6 O17659 C41G6.7 O17660 C41G6.8 O17661 C41G6.9 O17662 C41G7.1a Q93365 smn-1 encodes a homolog of human SMN, which when mutated leads to spinal muscular atrophy (OMIM:253300). C41G7.1b Q9U758 Human muscular atrophy protein like C41G7.2 Q93366 klp-16 encodes a C-terminal motor kinesin orthologous to the Drosophila melanogaster Ncd and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kar3; however KLP-16 along with KLP-3, KLP-15 and KLP-17 form an unique subgroup based on amino acid sequence and secondary structure analysis; klp-16 is involved in development of the nervous system in embryos and in chromosome segregation; in situ RNA hybridization experiments indicate that klp-16 is localized in the anterior nervous system in the head region of late embryos. C41G7.3 Q93367 C41G7.4 Q93368 C41G7.5 O44712 However, AHR-1 is not photoaffinity labeled by a dioxin analog and thus probably has a different substrate than mammalian aryl hydrocarbon receptors. C41G7.6 Q93370 C41G7.7 Q93364 C41H7.1 O17154 C41H7.2 O17153 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C41H7.3 O17152 C41H7.4 O17151 C41H7.5 O17150 C41H7.6 O17149 C41H7.7 O17155 C41H7.8 Q86S48 C42C1.14 Q95X53 rpl-34 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L34 protein that affects growth and body coloration. C42D4.1 Q18577 C42D4.11 Q18574 C42D4.13 Q18576 C42D4.2 Q18573 C42D4.3 Q18572 C42D4.4 Q18571 C42D4.5 Q18570 C42D4.6 Q18567 skr-16, with the other 20 Skp1-related (skr) genes in C. elegans, forms one phylogenetic group, suggesting that a single ancestral Skp1 gene underwent independent expansion in C. elegans. C42D4.8 Q18566 C42D4.9 Q18568 C42D8.1 Q18582 C42D8.2 P05690 Synthesis of VIT-2::GFP (YP170::GFP) in the intestine, visible in wild-type worms, is unaffected the loss of auxilin (in dnj-26[RNAi] worms); however, VIT-2::GFP accumulates in the body cavity of the latter. C42D8.3 Q18580 C42D8.4 Q18579 C42D8.5a Q18581 acn-1(RNAi) animals have arrested larval development due to defective molting; adults have a protruding vulva (in hermaphrodites) or tail defects (in males), with disrupted alae and an incomplete seam syncytium. C42D8.5b Q65ZH6 ACE(angiotensin converting enzyme)-like Non-peptidase C42D8.8a Q10651 apl-1 is orthologous to human AMYLOID BETA A4 PRECURSOR PROTEIN (APP; OMIM:104760), which when mutated leads to familial Alzheimer disease or cerebroarterial amyloidosis; APL-1 contains a copper-binding domain and is required for progession past the L1 larval stage, presumably because it is also required for pharyngeal pumping; apl-1 genetically interacts with feh-1 to affect pharyngeal pumping, and interacts with the PTB2 domain of FEH-1 in vitro. C42D8.8b Q10651 Amyloid Precursor-Like C43C3.1 Q09501 All eleven intermediate filament proteins exhibit a lamin-like length of the coil 1b domain, but only the A and B subgroups have a lamin homology segment in the tail domain. C43C3.2 Q09502 C43C3.3 Q09276 One hypothesis for dyf-8 function is that it helps stabilize the binding of sensory cilia to support cells. C43D7.2 Q9XVB8 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C43D7.4 Q9XVC1 C43D7.5 Q9XVB9 C43D7.6 Q9XVB7 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C43D7.7 Q9XVC0 C43D7.8 Q9XVB6 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C43D7.9 Q7JKV5 C43E11.10 P91155 At the end of mitosis in yeast, the MCM complex is loaded on to chromatin with the aid of ORC, Cdc6/18 and Cdt1, and chromatin becomes licensed for replication; this licensing is essential to ensure that the genome is replicated exactly once per cell cycle. C43E11.6a P91146 nab-1 encodes a PDZ and SAM domain-containing protein that is the sole C. elegans ortholog of the mammalian Neurabin/Spinophilin proteins; by homology, NAB-1 is predicted to interact with F-actin, ZYG-8/Doublecortin and the SAD-1 serine/threonine kinase to regulate interactions between the actin and microtubule networks during cell migration, growth cone guidance, and cell division; loss of nab-1 activity via RNAi has been reported to result in early embryonic lethality, dumpy and left-handed roller animals, as well as abnormalities in germ-line development and vulval morphogenesis; in large-scale screens, nab-1 RNAi did not result in any obvious abnormalities; NAB-1 translational reporter fusions show expression in hypodermal cells, neurons, and muscle. C43E11.6b Q95Q64 NeurABin C43E11.6c Q95Q65 NeurABin C43E11.6d Q95Q66 NeurABin C43E11.6e Q5R3Y6 NeurABin C43E11.7 P91148 ndx-7 encodes one of 11 C. elegans Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked to another moiety, X) hydrolase family members. C43F9.10 Q7YTP8 C43F9.4 Q9XUG7 C43F9.5 Q9XUG6 C43F9.6 Q9XUG9 C43F9.7 Q9XUG8 C43F9.8 Q9U3M2 C43F9.9 Q7YTP9 C43G2.1 Q94177 C43G2.2 Q94174 C43G2.3 Q94173 C43G2.4 Q94175 C43G2.5 Q94176 C43H6.1 Q5WRR4 C43H6.3 Q18587 C43H6.4 Q18586 C43H6.5 Q18584 C43H6.6 Q95ZX0 C43H6.7 Q18585 C43H6.8 Q18590 C43H6.9 Q18591 glr-7 encodes a protein containing a ligand-gated ion channel domain and is a predicted non-NMDA type ionotropic glutamate receptor; expressed in the pharyngeal nervous system. C43H8.1 Q9TZN1 C43H8.2 Q9TZN2 C44B11.1 O01908 C44B11.3 P91910 mec-12 encodes a novel C. elegans alpha-tubulin that is unique amongst C. elegans alpha tubulins in that it may be subject to post-translational acetylation; MEC-12 is required for normal mechanosensory response to gentle touch, and specifically for formation of the 15-protofilament microtubule bundle present in the touch receptor neurons; mec-12 interacts genetically with mec-5, which encodes a unique C. elegans collagen secreted by the hypodermis; MEC-12 is highly expressed in the touch neurons as well as in several other neurons that do not contains the microfilament bundle, such as the ventral cord motorneurons. C44B11.4 Q95QZ6 C44B11.6 Q8MNW0 C44B12.1 O44145 C44B12.2 P34714 C44B12.3 O44142 C44B12.4 Q7KPX2 C44B12.5 O44144 C44B12.6 O44146 C44B12.7 O44147 C44B12.8 Q7KPX1 C44B7.1 Q10920 C44B7.10 Q18599 C44B7.11 Q18600 C44B7.12 Q8IG39 C44B7.2a Q95QR5 C44B7.2b Q95QR6 C44B7.3 Q18592 C44B7.4 Q18593 C44B7.5 Q18594 C44B7.6a Q18595 C44B7.6b Q7YXG7 C44B7.7 Q18596 C44B7.8 Q18597 C44B7.9 Q18598 C44B9.1 Q18602 C44B9.2 Q18603 C44B9.3 Q18604 C44B9.4 Q18605 C44B9.5 Q18606 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C44B9.6 Q5R3S7 C44C1.1 Q18611 C44C1.2 Q18607 C44C1.3 P36608 The amount of NCS-1 quantitatively regulates thermotactic behavior: more NCS-1 causes faster learning and longer memory, while no NCS-1 causes an absence of associative learning. C44C1.4a Q18609 C44C1.4b Q8MQA4 C44C1.5a Q18610 C44C1.5b Q86DB9 C44C1.6 Q8MQA5 C44C10.1 Q18620 C44C10.10 Q18618 C44C10.11 Q5TYJ7 C44C10.3 Q18613 C44C10.4 Q18616 C44C10.5 Q18617 C44C10.6 Q18619 C44C10.7 Q18615 C44C10.8 Q18612 hnd-1 mutations are enhanced by mutations of ehn-1 or ehn-3, while showing no interaction with hlh-1 mutations. C44C10.9 Q18614 C44C11.1a O45056 ras-1 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR MGC:21928) (RRAS2; OMIM:600098), which when mutated leads to disease. C44C11.1b Q8ITX9 R-RAS related C44C3.1 P91160 C44C3.11 Q7YXG6 C44C3.2 P91159 C44C3.3 Q8IFY3 C44C3.5 Q8IFY1 C44C3.6 Q8IFY0 C44C3.7 Q8IFX9 C44C3.9 Q8IFY2 C44C8.1 Q9TZ18 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C44C8.2 Q9TW90 C44C8.3 Q9TW90 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C44C8.4 Q9TZ17 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C44C8.6a Q9TZ16 C44C8.6b Q965G5 MAP kinase Activated protein Kinase C44E12.3a Q8MQA3 C44E12.3b O76788 TWiK family of potassium channels C44E12.3c O76791 TWiK family of potassium channels C44E12.3d O76794 TWiK family of potassium channels C44E12.3e O76792 TWiK family of potassium channels C44E12.3f O76787 TWiK family of potassium channels C44E4.1a O01808 C44E4.1b Q7KQG4 C44E4.1c Q8T3G9 C44E4.2 O01807 C44E4.3 O01804 C44E4.4 O01806 C44E4.5 O01809 C44E4.6 O01805 C44E4.7 Q9TXR0 C44F1.1 Q18627 C44F1.2 Q18624 C44F1.3 Q18625 lec-4 encodes a predicted galectin that exhibits sugar binding properties in vitro. C44F1.5 Q18628 It is suspected that acy-3 or acy-4 (or acy-2) partially overlap in function with acy-1, and that such overlap accounts for the nearly wild-type appearance of acy-1 mutations. C44H4.1 Q93377 C44H4.2 Q93373 sym-5 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein that contains 13 contiguous leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and that is similar to SYM-1, a secreted protein involved in muscle attachment; sym-5 activity appears to be required for embryogenesis and functionally overlaps with that of sym-1 and mec-8 in affecting muscle attachment; in addition, loss of sym-5 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) in a hypersensitized strain indicates that SYM-5 may also be required for locomotion, body morphology, and normal rates of postembryonic growth. C44H4.3 Q93374 C44H4.4 Q93376 C44H4.5 Q93375 C44H4.6 Q93372 C44H4.7a Q8MM36 Moreover, eor-2 acts downstream or in parallel to the Wnt pathway gene pry-1/Axin. C44H4.7b Q93378 Egl-1 suppressor/DiO uptake defective/raf enhancer C44H4.8 Q8MQA2 C44H9.1 Q18629 C44H9.2 Q18630 C44H9.4 Q18633 C44H9.5 Q18634 C44H9.6 Q18631 C44H9.7a Q18632 C44H9.7b Q7JLG7 C44H9.8 Q18635 C45B11.1a Q18637 C45B11.1b Q9U3M1 P21-Rho-binding domain ; Eukaryotic protein kinase domain C45B11.2 Q18638 C45B11.3 Q18639 C45B11.4 Q18640 C45B11.5 Q7YX55 C45B2.1 Q95YC6 C45B2.2 Q95YC7 C45B2.3 Q95YC8 C45B2.4a Q95YC9 ggr-2 encodes a predicted member of the GABA/ glycine receptor family of ligand-gated chloride channels that affects thermotaxis; expressed in neurons that include SMDV, SMDD, SIAV, CAN, HSN, DD, and is weakly expressed in the egg-laying muscles. C45B2.4b Q86DC1 GABA/Glycine Receptor family (see gbr) C45B2.5 Q95YD1 C45B2.6 Q95YD2 C45B2.7 Q95YD0 C45B2.8 Q95YC5 C45E1.1a O44960 Like all C. elegans nuclear receptors, NHR-64 is presently an orphan receptor. C45E1.1b Q688B5 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family C45E1.4 O44962 C45E5.1 Q18645 C45E5.2 Q18644 C45E5.3 Q18643 C45E5.4 Q18642 C45E5.6a Q18646 C45E5.6b Q95QR2 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family C45E5.6c Q95QR3 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family C45G3.1 O17666 It is possible that C45G3.1 shares biological function with W04A8.1, which has weak similarity to human microcephalin (MCPH1; OMIM:607117). C45G3.3 O45303 gip-2 encodes a member of the Biotin/lipoate A/B protein ligase family. C45G3.4 O62098 C45H4.12 O44691 C45H4.15 O44699 C45H4.17 O44706 C45H4.2 O44704 C46A5.1 Q18652 C46A5.2 Q18651 C46A5.3 P18834 col-14 encodes a collagen protein that affects vulval morphology in a large-scale RNAi screen; mRNA expressed in embryos and transcript levels peak during each larval stage. C46A5.4 Q18647 C46A5.5 Q18649 C46A5.6 Q18650 C46A5.8 Q18653 C46A5.9 Q18654 C46C11.1 Q966P1 C46C11.2 Q966P2 C46C11.3 Q966P3 C46C2.1a Q18657 wnk-1 is orthologous to the human gene PROTEIN KINASE, LYSINE-DEFICIENT 1 (PRKWNK1; OMIM:605232), which when mutated leads to pseudohypoaldosteronism type II. C46C2.1b Q8I127 serine/threonine kinase C46C2.2 Q18655 C46C2.3 Q18658 C46C2.4 Q18656 C46C2.5 Q9U3M0 C46C2.6 Q7YTQ5 C46E1.1 O62099 C46E1.3 Q7YTQ6 C46E10.1 O44718 C46E10.10 Q9U5A4 C46E10.2 O44717 C46E10.3 O44716 C46E10.4 O61206 C46E10.5 O44714 C46E10.6 O44713 C46E10.7 O44715 C46E10.8 O44719 C46E10.9 O44720 C46F11.1 Q93380 A novel putative transmembrane protein that affects muscle contraction and egg-laying; it is predicted to be a component of a two-pore potassium channel complex together with SUP-9 and SUP-10; it is expressed in head neurons including the four SIA neurons. C46F11.2a Q93379 C46F11.2 is orthologous to human MITOCHONDRIAL GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE (GSR; OMIM:138300); GSR deficiency has been associated with hemolytic anemia. C46F11.2b Q86DB5 C46F11.3 Q93381 C46F11.4 Q93382 C46F11.5a Q93383 C46F11.5b O62100 C46F11.6 Q7YX48 C46F2.1 O61736 C46F4.1 Q18659 C46F4.2 Q18660 C46F9.1 O17192 C46F9.2 O17191 The C46F9.2 gene encodes a protein closely similar to C46F9.3, which has a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain and may be involved in apoptosis. C46F9.3 O17190 The C46F9.3 gene encodes a protein with a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain that may be involved in apoptosis. C46F9.4 O17189 C46G7.1 O02142 C46G7.2 O02141 C46G7.3 O02140 C46G7.4a O02143 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C46G7.4b Q9TY23 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein C46G7.4c O02144 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein C46H11.1 Q9GYI9 C46H11.10a Q7Z126 C46H11.10b Q7Z125 C46H11.11a Q9GYI8 C46H11.11b Q95Q61 C46H11.2 Q9GYJ1 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C46H11.3 P91167 C46H11.4a Q95Q62 C46H11.4b Q95Q63 Let-23 Fertility effector/regulator C46H11.4c Q9GYJ6 Let-23 Fertility effector/regulator C46H11.6 Q9GYJ7 C46H11.7 Q9GYJ4 C46H11.8 Q9GYJ3 C46H11.9 Q9GYJ2 C46H3.1 Q18661 C46H3.2a Q18662 C46H3.2b Q86DC0 C46H3.3 Q18663 C47A10.1 O45721 C47A10.10 Q7YTT6 C47A10.11 Q7YTT5 C47A10.12 Q7YTQ1 C47A10.2 O45304 C47A10.3 O45305 C47A10.4 O45306 C47A10.4 is orthologous to the human gene ALBINISM, OCULAR, TYPE I (OA1; OMIM:300500), which when mutated leads to Nettleship-Falls type ocular albinism. C47A10.5 O45307 C47A10.6 O45308 C47A10.7 Q7YTT7 C47A10.8 O45309 C47A10.9 Q7YTT8 C47A4.1 Q9U3L9 C47A4.2a Q7JKL2 C47A4.2b Q9U3L8 C47A4.3 Q9U3L7 C47A4.5 Q9U3L6 C47B2.1 O62104 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C47B2.2a O62105 C47B2.2b Q9U3L5 C47B2.3 P34690 In large-scale RNAi assays, tba-2 was found to affect embryonic viability and spindle structure. C47B2.4 O62102 C47B2.5 O62106 C47B2.6 O62107 The C47B2.6 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene UDP-GALACTOSE-4-EPIMERASE (GALE; OMIM:606953), which when mutated leads to galactose epimerase deficiency (OMIM:230350). C47B2.7a O62109 C47B2.7 encodes an ortholog of the mammalian selenocysteine-specific elongation factor SelB (e.g., murine mSelB); mSelB binds GTP, recognizes the Sec-tRNA(Sec) in vitro and in vivo, and is required for efficient selenoprotein translation in vivo, but is unable to bind specifically the eukaryotic SECIS RNA hairpin (apparently requiring at least one other specialized protein). C47B2.7b O62108 Elongation factor Tu family (contains ATP/GTP binding P-loop) C47B2.8 O62103 C47B2.9 Q9U3L4 C47C12.2 Q94179 C47C12.3a Q94178 ref-2 is orthologous to the human gene ZINC FINGER PROTEIN OF CEREBELLUM ZIC2 (ZIC2; OMIM:603073), which when mutated leads to disease. C47C12.3b Q7JNM3 REgulator of Fusion C47C12.4 Q94180 C47C12.6 P24585 deg-1 encodes a putative ion channel for which altered function induces necrotic cell death of neurons required for mechanosensory behavior; expressed in the ASH, IL1, AVD, AVG, and PVC neurons in addition to some muscle cells. C47D12.1a Q18667 C47D12.1b Q6A4L2 TRRAP-like (transcription/transformation domain-associated protein) C47D12.2 Q18668 C47D12.3 Q18666 C47D12.4 Q18669 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C47D12.5 Q18665 C47D12.6a P52709 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C47D12.6b Q86D21 threonyl-tRNA synthetase (cytoplasmic) C47D12.7 Q18670 The Kelch motif is predicted to form a six-bladed beta propeller structure. C47D12.8 Q18671 C47D12.8 is orthologous to the human gene DNA REPAIR PROTEIN (ERCC4; OMIM:133520), which when mutated leads to disease. C47D2.1 Q22923 C47D2.2 Q22922 cdd-1 encodes a cytidine deaminase that contains a zinc-binding region; expressed in the intestine. C47E12.1 Q18678 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. C47E12.10 Q18675 C47E12.11 Q18682 C47E12.12 Q7YTQ8 C47E12.13 Q7YTQ7 C47E12.2 Q18683 C47E12.3 Q18679 C47E12.4a Q18680 C47E12.4b Q18680 inorganic pyrophosphatase C47E12.4c Q18680 inorganic pyrophosphatase C47E12.4d Q18680 inorganic pyrophosphatase C47E12.5 Q27481 uba-1 encodes a ubiquitin-activating enzyme orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae UBA1 and human UBE1; UBA-1 is essential for embryogenesis and is required for germline development; by homology, UBA-1 is predicted to function in an ATP-dependent reaction that activates ubiquitin prior to its conjugation to proteins that will subsequently be degraded by the 26S proteasome. C47E12.6a Q8I4M2 C47E12.6b Q8I4M3 C47E12.7 Q18674 C47E12.8 Q18677 The dhp-2 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene DIHYDROPYRIMIDINASE (DPYS), which when mutated leads to dihydropyrimidinuria (OMIM:222748). C47E12.9 Q18676 C47E8.1 Q18686 C47E8.2 P90776 C47E8.3 Q18687 C47E8.4 Q18691 C47E8.5 Q18688 C47E8.6 Q18689 C47E8.7 Q18685 The unc-112 gene encodes a pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein, orthologous to human Mitogen inducible gene-2, that is required for assembly of muscle dense bodies and M lines during embryogenesis; UNC-112 is a dense body/M-line component and requires PAT-3/beta-integrin, UNC-52/perlecan, and PAT-4/integrin-linked kinase for proper localization; UNC-112 binds PAT-4 directly, forms a ternary complex with PAT-4 and PAT-6/actopaxin, and is required for recruitment of PAT-3 and PAT-4 to muscle cell attachment sites; viable unc-112 mutations are suppressed by mutation of dim-1. C47E8.8 Q18690 C47E8.9 Q7JLG5 C47F8.1 O62111 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C47F8.2 O62112 C47F8.3 O45591 C47F8.4 O62113 C47F8.5 O62114 C47F8.6 O62115 C47F8.7 O62110 C47F8.8 O62116 C47G2.1 Q03755 cut-1 encodes a component of cuticlin, an insoluble residue of the nematode cuticle required for alae formation and radial shrinking during dauer differentiation; expressed specifically in the cuticle of dauer larvae and is secreted by the seam cells. C47G2.2 Q18694 A member of the forkhead domain family of transcription factors that affects the generation of the AWA and ASG chemosensory neurons and is partially required for male tail morphogenesis and embryogenesis; it is expressed in the AWA and ASG precursors; it is required for the graded spatial expression of the UNC-129 TGF-beta guidance factor. C47G2.3 Q9NAQ9 C47G2.4 Q18695 C47G2.5 Q18696 C48A7.1a Q18698 egl-19 encodes an ortholog of the alpha subunit of mammalian L-type calcium ion channels that affects muscle contraction in late embryonic morphogenesis, movement, egg-laying, mating and feeding; egl-19 is expressed in muscle cells and some neurons. C48A7.1b Q8MQA1 EGg Laying defective C48A7.2 Q18697 C48B4.1 P34355 C48B4.10 P34364 C48B4.11 P34365 C48B4.12a Q9TW20 C48B4.12b Q9XTD0 C48B4.13 Q7YX67 C48B4.2 P34356 C48B4.3 P34357 C48B4.4a P34358 The mutant phenotype of ced-7 is enhanced by mutation of ced-12. C48B4.4b P34358 ABC transporters C48B4.4c P34358 ATP-binding transport protein C48B4.6 P34360 C48B4.7 P34361 C48B4.8 P34362 C48B4.9 P34363 C48B6.10 Q95ZM3 C48B6.2 O01513 C48B6.3 O01512 C48B6.4 O01508 C48B6.5 O01509 C48B6.6a O01510 C48B6.6b Q6BEW0 Suppressor with Morphological effect on Genitalia C48B6.8 O01514 C48B6.9 O01515 C48C5.1 Q18701 C48C5.3 Q18700 C48D1.1 O02227 C48D1.2 P42573 The second is a caspase domain. C48D1.3 O02228 cho-1 encodes a high-affinity choline transporter orthologous to members of the sodium-dependent glucose transporter family; CHO-1 is expressed in cholinergic neurons. C48D1.5 Q7YX66 C48D5.1 P41829 nhr-6 encodes a nuclear receptor of the NR4A4 subfamily that is orthologous to the mammalian NGFI-B receptors and the Drosophila HR38 nuclear receptor (DHR38) that has been implicated in molting and metamorphosis; by homology, NHR-6 likely functions as a transcription factor that, based upon RNAi experiments, is required for normal ovulation and/or spermathecal development or function; an nhr-6 reporter fusion is expressed primarily in the anterior and posterior spermatheca during L3 and L4 larval stages, with some weak and variable expression also observed in two chemosensory neurons; nhr-6 mRNA is expressed in an oscillating manner throughout larval development, in a pattern that is slightly irregular with respect to the timing of larval molts and that exhibits consistently lower expression at the times when these molts actually occur. C48D5.2a P28191 ptp-1 encodes a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase containing Band 4.1 and PDZ domains that may function in linking cytoplasmic proteins and signaling molecules to sites on the plasma membrane; by homology, PTP-1 is predicted to function in cell signaling, but as loss of PTP-1 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of PTP-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. C48D5.2b Q9U3N7 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase C48D5.2c Q8MM81 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase C48D5.3 Q7YX49 C48E7.1 O02082 C48E7.10 Q9BIC4 C48E7.11 Q8IG69 C48E7.2 Q8IG67 C48E7.3 Q8IG68 lpd-2 encodes a predicted transcription factor with homology to transcription factors of the CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein family (C/EBPA and B, OMIM:116897, 189965, associated with the regulation of mammalian adipocyte differentiation); in C. elegans, LPD-2 activity is required for normal lipid metabolism and wild-type levels of lipogenic enzyme expression, as well as for larval development; in addition, LPD-2 may be part of a conserved pathway regulating lipogenesis, as LPD-2 appears to positively regulate expression of sbp-1, which encodes the C. elegans Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP) homolog, a basic helix-loop-helix-type transcription factor also required for normal lipid metabolism and larval development. C48E7.5 Q8IG71 C48E7.6 Q8IG72 C48E7.7 Q8IG73 C48E7.8 Q8IG66 C48E7.9 Q8IG65 C48G7.1 Q18703 C48G7.2 Q18702 C48G7.3 Q9TVM3 C49A1.1 O17675 C49A1.10 O45310 C49A1.2 O17674 C49A1.3 O17671 C49A1.4 O17670 eya-1 encodes a protein orthologous to Drosophila EYES ABSENT (EYA), human EYA1, and human EYA4; the human genes EYA1 and EYA4, when mutated, lead to branchiootorenal dysplasia syndrome (BOR; OMIM:113650) and autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural (late-onset) deafness (DFNA10; OMIM:601316). C49A1.5 O17676 C49A1.6 O17672 C49A1.9 O17678 C49A9.1 O44155 C49A9.10 Q86GU7 C49A9.2 O44154 C49A9.3 O44153 C49A9.4 O44152 C49A9.4 is orthologous to the human gene CYSTATIN B (STEFIN B) (CSTB; OMIM:601145), which when mutated leads to disease. C49A9.5 O44151 C49A9.6 O44150 C49A9.7 O44148 C49A9.8 O44149 C49A9.9a Q9BKP7 C49A9.9b Q86GU6 C49C3.1 Q9XUG5 C49C3.10a Q9XUF5 C49C3.10b Q9U3L3 C49C3.11 Q9XUG2 C49C3.12 Q9XUG1 C49C3.13 Q9XUF4 C49C3.15 Q9XUF1 C49C3.2 Q9XUG0 C49C3.3 Q9XUG4 C49C3.4 Q9XUF9 C49C3.5 Q9XUG3 C49C3.6 Q9XUF8 C49C3.7 Q9XUF2 C49C3.8 Q9XUF7 C49C3.9 Q9XUF6 C49C8.1 Q18707 C49C8.2 Q18706 C49C8.3 Q18704 C49C8.4 Q27482 C49C8.5 Q18705 C49C8.6 Q18708 C49D10.1 O16610 C49D10.10 O16607 C49D10.10 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; C49D10.10 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. C49D10.11 Q95X89 C49D10.2 O16609 C49D10.3 O16608 C49D10.4 O16606 C49D10.5 O16605 C49D10.6 O16604 C49D10.7 O16601 C49D10.8 O16602 C49D10.9 O16603 C49F5.1 O17680 C49F5.2 O17679 C49F5.3 O17682 C49F5.4 O17683 C49F5.5 O17681 C49F5.6 O17684 C49F5.7 O17685 C49F5.8 Q8MQA0 C49F8.1 Q18710 C49F8.2 Q18712 C49F8.3 Q18709 C49G7.1 O16229 C49G7.10 O16222 C49G7.11 O16228 C49G7.2 O16227 C49G7.3 O16226 C49G7.4 O16225 C49G7.5 O16224 C49G7.6 O16223 C49G7.7 O16221 C49G7.8 O16220 C49G9.1 Q9XXK9 C49H3.1 Q9GYQ4 gcy-8 encodes a predicted transmembrane guanylyl cyclase that is expressed exclusively in the AFD thermosensory neurons; as loss of gcy-8 activity via RNA-mediated interference does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of gcy-8 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known, however, expression in the AFD neurons suggests a possible role in thermotaxis; GCY-8 expression in the AFD neurons appears to be under the control of the paired-like homeodomain protein TTX-1 and the activity of the cyclic nucleotide gated channels TAX-2 and TAX-4. C49H3.10 Q9GYQ7 imb-6 encodes an importin-beta-like protein orthologous to vertebrate Exportin-t, a specific mediator of tRNA export from the nucleus; IMB-6 is predicted to function by binding tRNAs directly in the presence of the RAN-1 GTPase and facilitating their nucleocytoplasmic transport; in C. elegans, loss of imb-6 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities. C49H3.11 P51403 rps-2 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S2 protein. C49H3.12 Q9GYQ5 C49H3.3 Q9GYQ6 C49H3.4 Q9GYQ8 C49H3.5a Q9GYQ9 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C49H3.5b Q8T3E7 NOT-Like (yeast CCR4/NOT complex component) C49H3.6a Q95QQ9 C49H3.6b Q95QR0 C49H3.8 Q9GYR2 C49H3.9 Q9GYR0 C50A2.2 O44139 C50A2.3 O44137 C50A2.4 O44138 C50B6.1 O17688 C50B6.10 P91984 C50B6.11 P91985 C50B6.12 O17691 C50B6.14 Q8I4M1 C50B6.2 O17687 C50B6.3 O17689 C50B6.4 O17686 C50B6.5 P91980 C50B6.6 P91981 C50B6.7 P91982 C50B6.8 P91983 C50B6.9 O17690 C50B8.1 Q18724 C50B8.2 Q18727 BIR domains are highly conserved motifs found in the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family. C50B8.3 Q18726 C50B8.4 Q18728 C50B8.5 Q18725 C50B8.6 Q7YX43 C50C10.1 Q18735 C50C10.2 Q18729 C50C10.3 Q18730 C50C10.4 Q18731 C50C10.6 Q18732 C50C10.7 Q18733 C50C10.8 Q7YTT1 C50C3.1 P34366 C50C3.12 Q8MNU3 C50C3.2 P34367 C50C3.5 P34368 C50C3.6 P34369 CEREVISIAE PRP8P (PRPF8; OMIM:607300), which when mutated leads to retinitis pigmentosa-13 (OMIM:600059). C50C3.7 P34370 C50C3.8 P34371 The C50C3.8 gene encodes a protein with a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain that may be involved in apoptosis. C50C3.9 P34374 C50D2.1 O44799 C50D2.2 O44798 C50D2.3 O44797 C50D2.4 O44796 C50D2.5 Q8ITY4 C50D2.6 Q8ITY7 C50D2.7 Q86S40 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C50D2.8 Q8ITY5 C50D2.9 Q8ITY6 C50E10.4 Q965H3 C50E3.1 Q22934 C50E3.10 Q22930 C50E3.11 Q22931 C50E3.12 Q22935 C50E3.13 Q22936 C50E3.2 Q22933 C50E3.3 Q22932 C50E3.5 Q22924 C50E3.6 Q22925 C50E3.7 Q22927 C50E3.8 Q22928 C50E3.9 Q22929 C50F2.1 P91178 C50F2.10 Q9NL71 On account of ABF-2's antimicrobial activity, sequence similarity, and expression in the pharynx (an organ chronically exposed to external microbes), ABF-2 is thought to mediate an antimicrobial humoral response. C50F2.2 P91176 C50F2.3 P91175 C50F2.4 P91177 C50F2.5 P91179 C50F2.6a P91180 fkb-5 encodes a homolog of human FK506 binding protein 9. C50F2.6b Q95Q60 FK506-Binding protein family C50F2.7 P91181 C50F2.8 P91182 C50F2.9 Q9NL72 ABF-1 is suspected to aid an antimicrobial humoral response, on the basis of its similarity to Ascaris ASABF and C. elegans ABF-1 (the latter of which has antimicrobial activity versus gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. C50F4.1 Q18739 C50F4.10 Q18738 C50F4.11 Q9NGT4 mdf-1 encodes a coiled-coil domain-containing protein that is orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic spindle checkpoint protein Mad1p; consistent with a role as a checkpoint protein, MDF-1 is required in C. elegans for mitotic genome stability and hence, long-term survival and fertility; in vitro, MDF-1 interacts with MDF-2, the C. elegans Mad2p ortholog, and with IFY-1, a Securin homolog; the maternal effect lethality produced by an mdf-1 mutation can be suppressed by a mutation in fzy-1, which encodes the C. elegans Cdc20 homolog. C50F4.12 Q18746 C50F4.13 Q27485 his-35 encodes an H2A histone. C50F4.14 Q968A5 C50F4.14 is thus orthologous to the human LAD II gene. C50F4.16 Q95ZW9 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. C50F4.2 Q27483 C50F4.3 Q18740 C50F4.4 Q18741 C50F4.5 Q27484 his-41 encodes an H2B histone. C50F4.6 Q18742 his-36 encodes an UNSPECIFIED histone. C50F4.7 P62784 his-37 encodes an H4 histone. C50F4.8 Q18743 C50F4.9 Q18744 C50F7.10 Q18758 C50F7.1a Q18757 C50F7.1b Q7YXG8 C50F7.2 Q18756 clx-1 encodes a protein that contains 23 copies of a 15 amino acid repeat, possibly derived from a collagen triplet; there is no transcript evidence for this locus. C50F7.3 Q18755 C50F7.4 P53589 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C50F7.5 Q18751 C50F7.6 Q18750 C50F7.9 Q18754 C50H11.10 O16470 C50H11.11 O16471 C50H11.12 O16473 C50H11.14 O16477 C50H11.15 O16482 C50H11.2 O16480 C50H11.3 O16479 C50H11.4 O16478 C50H11.5 O16476 C50H11.7 O16472 C50H11.9 Q9GUE4 C50H2.1 Q18759 C50H2.1 is orthologous to the human gene FORKHEAD BOX O1A (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA) (FSHR; OMIM:136533), which when mutated leads to disease. C50H2.10 Q8WQG0 C50H2.12 Q7YX54 C50H2.13 Q7YSS1 C50H2.2a Q6QNE9 The egl-47 gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor required for proper function, but not morphology or structure, of the hermaphrodite-specific motor neurons (HSNs) that control egg laying; EGL-47 is expressed in the HSNs and appears to localize at synapses made in the egg-laying system; EGL-47 may interact with GOA-1, a G protein that blocks egg laying. C50H2.2b Q18760 EGg Laying defective C50H2.3a Q18761 mec-9 encodes a predicted extracellular protein containing six EGF-like repeats,five Kunitz-type protease inhibitor domains, and a glutamic acid-rich region possibly involved in protein-protein interactions; mec-9 encodes two proteins, only one of which, MEC-9L, appears to be required for normal mechanosensory response to gentle touch and proper functioning of the touch receptor neurons; mec-9 interacts genetically with mec-5, which encodes a unique C. elegans collagen secreted by the hypodermis; MEC-9L is expressed and secreted by the touch receptor neurons. C50H2.3b O17692 EGF-like domain (3 domains), Kunitz/Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor domain C50H2.4 Q18762 C50H2.5 Q18763 C50H2.6 Q18764 C50H2.7 Q18765 C51E3.1 Q18768 C51E3.10 Q7YTP7 C51E3.2 Q18766 C51E3.3 Q18770 C51E3.4 Q18769 C51E3.5 Q18767 C51E3.6 Q18771 C51E3.7a Q10575 egl-3 is coexpressed with ida-1, a tyrosine phosphatase-like receptor whose mammalian homologs participate in protein secretion. C51E3.7b Q18772 prohormone convertase 2 C51E3.8 O01981 C51E3.9 Q8MQ99 C51F7.1 Q9XXK4 C51F7.2 Q9XTI1 C52A10.1 Q95YC4 C52A10.2 Q95YC3 C52A10.3 Q95YC2 C52A11.2 Q09514 C52A11.3 Q09284 C52A11.4a Q09515 C52A11.4b Q7JMN5 Multiple PDZ domain protein C52B11.2 Q18776 C52B11.3 Q18775 C52B11.4 Q18774 C52B11.5 Q18773 C52B9.1 Q22942 C52B9.10 Q8WQC1 C52B9.11 Q8IFX7 C52B9.2a Q22941 C52B9.2b Q7JNQ1 C52B9.3a Q22939 C52B9.3b Q8IFX8 C52B9.4 Q22938 C52B9.5 Q22937 C52B9.6 Q22940 C52B9.7a Q22943 paf-2 encodes a homolog of vertebrate Type II Platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) that is 70% identical to PAF-2 that is required for embryogenesis and affects organization of the hypodermis. C52B9.7b Q22943 PAF-acetylhydrolase C52B9.8 Q22944 C52B9.9 O45873 mec-18 encodes a protein similar to firefly luciferase and plant protein 4-coumarate coA ligase; mec-18 is involved in sensory mechanotransduction; genetic interactions with other mec genes suggest that mec-18 maybe involved in negative regulation of the degenerin channel in the touch receptor neurons; mec-18 is expressed exclusively in the touch cells. C52D10.1 Q966N3 C52D10.11 Q966N2 C52D10.12 Q966N1 However, the conserved ACD domain has been predicted to have transmembrane sequences, at least one ACD homolog (Mam3p in S. cerevisiae) is localized to the vacuolar membrane, and recent work has shown that murine Acdp1 in hippocampal neurons is primarily located in the plasma membrane. C52D10.13 Q966N5 C52D10.2 Q966N4 C52D10.3 Q966N6 C52D10.5 Q966N7 C52D10.6 Q22871 It thus appears that these six genes were generated through a process involving at least three gene duplications, one ancient and others more recent. C52D10.7 Q966N9 Because of the high similarity of these genes, RNAi directed against any one of them may well inactivate all of them simultaneously, and it is thus not clear whether these genes comprise a functionally redundant set. C52D10.8 Q966P0 It thus appears that these six genes were generated through a process involving at least three gene duplications, one ancient and others more recent. C52D10.9 Q966N8 Because of the high similarity of these genes, RNAi directed against any one of them may well inactivate all of them simultaneously, and it is thus not clear whether these genes comprise a functionally redundant set. C52E12.1 Q18782 C52E12.2a P23678 The unc-104 gene encodes a kinesin-like motor protein homologous to human axonal transporter of synaptic vesicles (ATSV, OMIM: 601255), and is required for anterograde axonal transport of synaptic vesicles as well as differentiation of pre- and postsynaptic domains at inhibitory neuromuscular junctions; UNC-104 is expressed solely in neurons. C52E12.2b P23678 UNCoordinated C52E12.3 Q18779 Homozygous sqv-7 mutants also show a 40% reduction in all dissacharide species derived from heparan sulfate. C52E12.4 Q18780 C52E12.6 Q8IG38 C52E2.1 Q9N4K5 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C52E2.2 Q9N4K6 C52E2.3 Q9N4K7 C52E2.4 Q95Y49 C52E2.5 Q9N4L1 C52E2.6 Q95Y48 C52E2.7 Q95Y47 C52E2.8 Q9N4K4 C52E4.1 P25807 cpr-1 encodes a cysteine protease of the cathepsin B-like cysteine protease family; cpr-1 appears to be required for embryogenesis; cpr-1 is specifically expressed in the gut of all stages except the embryo and around developing embryos in the gonad; expression of cpr-1 is regulated by three promoter GATA motifs. C52E4.2 Q18785 C52E4.3 Q18786 C52E4.4 Q18787 rpt-1 encodes a predicted ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory complex of the proteasome that affects fertility and embryonic viability. C52E4.5 Q18788 C52E4.6a Q7JLC3 C52E4.6b Q18789 CYclin L C52E4.7 Q18784 C52G5.2 Q18793 C52G5.3 Q7YX50 C53A3.1 O44537 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C53A3.2 O44538 C53A5.1 O17694 C53A5.10 O17701 C53A5.11 O17702 C53A5.13 O62118 C53A5.2 O17704 C53A5.3 O17695 lag-2 is derepressed in hda-1(e1795) homozygotes, suggesting that lag-2 undergoes specific and direct negative transcriptional regulation by HDA-1. C53A5.4 O17693 C53A5.5 O17697 C53A5.6 O17698 C53A5.8 O17699 C53A5.9 O17700 C53B4.1 Q18795 C53B4.2 Q18796 C53B4.3 Q18797 C53B4.3 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR MGC:23098) (SLC22A1L; OMIM:602631), which when mutated leads to disease. C53B4.4a Q7JM28 C53B4.4b Q18798 PDZ domain (Also known as DHR or GLGF). ; Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain) C53B4.4c Q9U3L2 C53B4.4d Q5WRP6 C53B4.5 Q18799 C53B4.6 Q18800 C53B4.7a Q8T8N2 C53B4.7b Q8T8N3 C53B4.8 Q9XTI8 C53B7.1 Q18806 C53B7.2 Q18805 C53B7.3 Q18804 C53B7.4 Q18803 asg-1 encodes a homolog of ATP synthase G required both for growth at a normally high rate and for normal osmoregulation. C53B7.5 Q18807 The odr-10 gene encodes a member of the 7-transmembrane family of odorant receptors which affects chemotaxis to the volatile odorant diacetyl; it is expressed in two AWA neurons and, at low levels, in the CEP neurons. C53B7.6 Q18808 C53B7.7 O45311 C53B7.7 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; C53B7.7 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. C53C11.1 P91186 C53C11.2 P91185 C53C11.3 P91184 C53C11.4 P91183 C53C7.1a Q9XXU4 C53C7.1b Q6EUU1 C53C7.3 Q9XXU2 C53C9.1 Q09935 C53C9.2 Q09936 C53C9.3a Q09937 C53C9.3b Q7JPF0 K (potassium) Voltage-gated Sensory channel subunit C53C9.3c Q7JPE9 K (potassium) Voltage-gated Sensory channel subunit C53D5.1a Q966N0 C53D5.1b Q966M9 C53D5.1c Q8IAB7 C53D5.2 Q9N5V7 C53D5.3 Q9N5V8 C53D5.4 Q9N5V6 C53D5.5 Q9N5V4 The C53D5.5 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE 1 (GGT1), which when mutated leads to glutathionuria (OMIM:231950). C53D5.6 Q9N5V3 imb-3 encodes an importin-beta-like protein orthologous to Drosophila, vertebrate, and yeast importin/karyopherin-beta3; IMB-3 is predicted to function as a nuclear transport factor that, with the RAN-1 GTPase, regulates nuclear import of ribosomal proteins; in C. elegans, IMB-3 is essential for embryogenesis and germline development, and may also be required for normal postembryonic growth rates. C53D6.10 Q6BEU2 C53D6.2 O44371 unc-129 genetically interacts with the perlecan gene unc-52; viable unc-52 alleles, which have no effect on distal tip cell (DTC) migration in a wild-type genetic background, enhance the DTM migration defects of mutations disrupting UNC-6/netrin guidance; this enhancement, in turn, requires the activity of several genes encoding growth factor homologs (including EGL-17/FGF, UNC-129/TGF-beta, DBL-1/TGF-beta, and EGL-20/WNT). C53D6.3 Q18812 C53D6.4 Q18810 C53D6.5 Q18811 C53D6.6 Q18809 C53D6.7 Q18813 C53D6.8 Q7YX58 C53H9.1 P91914 rpl-27 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L27 protein. C53H9.2a O01826 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. C53H9.2b Q8WQH3 C53H9.2c Q86GU9 C54A12.1 Q09938 C54A12.2 Q18816 C54A12.3 Q09939 C54A12.4 Q09930 C54C6.1 P49622 rpl-37 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L37 protein. C54C6.2 Q18817 A beta-tubulin that confers benzimidazole sensitivity. C54C6.4 Q18818 C54C6.5 Q18819 C54C6.6 Q86D25 C54C8.1 O17706 C54C8.11 O02234 gly-15 encodes a protein similar to 2/I N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; gly-15 expressed only in cellular processes that are probably part of the secretory network of the G2 gland cells. C54C8.2 O02230 C54C8.3 O02231 C54C8.4 O02232 C54C8.5 O17708 C54C8.6 O02233 C54C8.7 O17705 C54C8.9 O17707 C54D1.1 Q18824 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C54D1.2 Q18821 C54D1.3 Q18820 ist-1 encodes a pleckstrin homology (PH) and phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain-containing insulin receptor substrate (IRS) homolog that negatively regulates lifespan and dauer development; IST-1 potentiates insulin-like signaling, although it is not absolutely required for such signaling under most conditions; in addition to acting through the AGE-1/PI3K branch of the insulin-like signaling pathway, IST-1 may also function in a parallel pathway to activate downstream protein-kinase Bs encoded by akt-1 and akt-2. C54D1.4 Q18822 C54D1.5 Q18823 C54D1.6 Q18825 p through P8.p in the late L1/early L2 stage, and in the seam cells, cells in the somatic gonad and P12. C54D1.7 Q8MQ96 C54D10.1 Q18831 C54D10.10 Q18836 C54D10.11 Q7YX59 C54D10.2 Q18832 C54D10.3 Q18827 C54D10.4 Q18833 C54D10.5 Q18828 C54D10.6 Q18834 C54D10.7 Q18835 C54D10.8 Q18826 C54D10.9 Q18829 C54D2.4 Q18837 sul-3 is orthologous to the human gene ARYLSULFATASE B (ARSB; OMIM:253200), which when mutated leads to mucopolysaccharidosis type VI. C54D2.5a Q967R4 cca-1 encodes a low-voltage-activated (T-type) calcium channel; CCA-1 is required for normal pharyngeal pumping, and in conjunction with UNC-2, a high-threshold calcium channel (N- and P/Q-type), may also play a role in defecation and egg-laying; CCA-1 is expressed in the pharyngeal MC motor neuron, head neurons, the ventral nerve cord, the anterior-most body-wall muscles, and cells in the tail region. C54D2.5b Q8MQ95 Calcium Channel, Alpha subunit C54D2.5c Q7Z002 Calcium Channel, Alpha subunit C54D2.5d Q7Z003 Calcium Channel, Alpha subunit C54D2.5e Q7YZR6 Calcium Channel, Alpha subunit C54D2.5f Q7JPB4 Calcium Channel, Alpha subunit C54E10.1 O45312 C54E10.2 O45313 C54E10.3 Q9XVB5 C54E10.4 O45314 C54E10.5 O45315 C54E10.6 O45316 C54E4.1 O44470 C54E4.2a O44466 C54E4.2b Q86GV1 C54E4.4 O44469 C54E4.5 Q65CM5 C54F6.1 O16451 C54F6.10 Q9GUE5 C54F6.11 O16445 C54F6.12 O16450 C54F6.13a O16452 nhx-3 encodes a sodium/proton exchanger expressed intracellularly (in elliptical, randomly distributed dots that might be multivesicular or Ward bodies) within hypodermal cells of the main body syncytium, socket cells, and the excretory pore cell, as well as (in adults) within uterine cells (probably ut1) in the region closest to the vulva, in spermathecal junction cells; nhx-3 has no obvious phenotype in mass RNAi screens; NHX-3 is thought to prevent intracellular acidification by catalysing the electroneutral exchange of vesicular sodium for an intracellular proton; speculatively, NHX-3 might enable hypodermis-specific secretion of cuticle or phagocytosis. C54F6.13b Q71VC7 Na/H eXchanger C54F6.14 O16453 ftn-1 encodes a protein with homology to human ferritin heavy chain (feriitin H subunit). C54F6.3 O16449 C54F6.4 O16448 C54F6.5 O16447 C54F6.6 O16446 C54F6.7 O16444 C54F6.8 O16443 C54F6.9 O16442 C54G10.1 Q18842 C54G10.2 Q18841 C54G10.3 Q18843 C54G10.4a Q18844 C54G10.4b Q8I4M0 mitochrondrial carrier protein C54G4.1 Q18846 C54G4.2 Q18847 C54G4.3 Q18848 C54G4.4 Q18849 C54G4.5 Q18850 C54G4.6 Q18851 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C54G4.7 Q18852 C54G4.8 Q18853 C54G4.9 Q18854 C54G6.1a O44979 C54G6.1b Q965K4 C54G6.2 O44980 The C54G6.2 gene encodes a homolog of human RP2, which when mutated leads to X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 2 (OMIM:312600). C54G6.3 O44981 C54G6.5 Q8WSN3 C54G7.1 Q18858 C54G7.2 Q18856 C54G7.3a Q95QQ8 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. C54G7.3b Q95QQ7 Lin-12 and Glp-1 X-hybridizing C54G7.4 Q18859 C54H2.1 Q18863 sym-3 mutations do not show any genetic interactions with mutations in the other sym genes, sym-1, -2, -4, and -5, nor with mutations in unc-52, all of which also show interactions with mec-8. C54H2.3 Q18861 C54H2.4 Q18862 C54H2.5 Q18864 sft-4 encodes a member of the SURF family highly conserved with the mouse Surf-4 gene, and conservation includes an encoded dilysine motif that is implicated in endoplasmic reticulum localization of the mouse protein. C55A1.1 O17711 C55A1.11 Q86GC4 C55A1.12 Q7YTQ2 C55A1.3 O17717 C55A1.4 O18646 C55A1.5 O17716 C55A1.6 O17712 C55A1.7 O18646 C55A1.8 O17710 C55A1.9 O17715 C55A6.1 O17719 C55A6.10 Q8WQF9 C55A6.11 Q7YX68 C55A6.2 O17720 C55A6.3 P90778 C55A6.4 P90779 C55A6.5 P90780 C55A6.6 O17721 C55A6.7 P90781 C55A6.8 P90782 C55A6.9 P90783 C55B6.1a P91190 C55B6.1b Q65ZG2 C55B6.2 P91189 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C55B6.4 P91187 C55B6.5 P91191 C55B7.1 Q966L9 glh-2 encodes a putative DEAD-box RNA helicase that contains six CCHC zinc fingers and is homologous to Drosophila VASA, a germ-line-specific, ATP-dependent, RNA helicase; at non-permissive temperatures, GLH-2 plays a role in germ-line development and fertility, specifically in regulating the normal extent of germ-line proliferation, oogenesis, and the production of functional sperm; GLH-2 activity may also be required for the wild-type morphology of P granules and for localization of several protein components, but not accumulation of P granule mRNA components; GLH-2 interacts in vitro with itself and with KGB-1, a JNK-like MAP kinase; GLH-2 is a constitutive P granule component and thus, with the exception of mature sperm, is expressed in germ cells at all stages of development; GLH-2 is cytoplasmic in oocytes and the early embryo, while perinuclear in all later developmental stages as well as in the distal and medial regions of the hermaphrodite gonad; GLH-2 is expressed at barely detectable levels in males. C55B7.10 Q966M1 C55B7.11 Q966M0 C55B7.2 Q9NDH7 gly-2 encodes a functional homolog of mammalian UDP-N-acetylglucosamine alpha-6-d-mannoside beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GlcNAc-TV) which regulates polylactosamine-containing N-glycans; gly-2 is functionally interchangeable with the mammalian gene; GLY-2 is expressed in late embryos and in a subset of neurons in larvae, spermathecal and pharyngeal-intestinal valves and in specific vulval cells of adults. C55B7.3 Q966M2 C55B7.4a Q966M3 C55B7.4b Q8IAB6 Acyl CoA DeHydrogenase C55B7.5 Q966M4 C55B7.6 Q966M8 C55B7.8 Q966M6 dbr-1 encodes a homolog of the RNA lariat-debranching enzyme; DBR-1 is predicted to function in RNA processing by hydrolyzing the 2'-5' phosphodiester bond at the branchpoint of excised lariat intron RNA, thus converting the introns into linear molecules that can subsequently be degraded by exonucleases; in C. elegans, DBR-1 activity is required for embryonic and germline development, as well as for normal rates of postembryonic growth; overexpression of C. elegans DBR-1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can complement the RNA processing defects of a dbr1 null mutant strain, restoring debranching activity and intron degradation to near wild-type levels. C55B7.9 Q966M5 C55C2.1 O01830 C55C2.2 O01829 C55C2.3 O01828 C55C2.4 O01827 C55C2.5a Q5TKB4 C55C2.5b Q5TKB5 Amino Acid Transporter C55C2.5c Q5TKB3 Amino Acid Transporter C55C3.1 Q18869 C55C3.2 Q18868 C55C3.3 Q18866 C55C3.4 Q18865 C55C3.5 Q18867 C55C3.6 Q95QQ6 C55C3.7 Q629J2 C55F2.1a Q95QQ5 C55F2.1b Q95QQ4 C55F2.1c Q7JNV5 C55F2.2 Q9GYQ2 C55H1.1 Q18872 C55H1.2 Q9BIG4 gpa-10 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases; it is expressed in ADF, ASI, ASJ, ALN, CAN, LUA, and the spermatheca. C56A3.1 Q18880 C56A3.2 Q18878 C56A3.3 Q18876 An extract from flesh fly (Neobellieria bullata) central nervous systems was used to screen cells expressing Drosophila FR; this identified two endogenous peptides, APPQPSDNFIRFamide (Neb-FIRFamide) and pQPSQDFMRFamide (Neb-FMRFamide) as being CG2114 ligands; the Drosophila equivalents of these FMRFamides (DPKQDFMRFamide, TPAEDFMRFamide, SDNFMRFamide, SPKQDFMRFamide, and PDNFMRFamide) activated CG2114. C56A3.4 Q18875 C56A3.5 Q18877 C56A3.6 Q18874 C56A3.7 Q18879 cav-2 encodes one of two C. elegans proteins related to caveolins, integral transmembrane proteins that are believed to function in regulation of signal transduction and that are the major component of caveolae, specialized lipid rafts found in the plasma membrane of most cell types; as loss of cav-2 function via large-scale RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the role of cav-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; cav-2 mRNA is expressed in eggs and mixed stage populations. C56A3.8 O45318 C56C10.13 Q95QQ1 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. C56C10.5 Q18881 C56C10.8 Q18885 C56E10.1 Q18895 C56E10.3 Q18893 C56E10.4a Q18896 C56E6.1 Q18901 C56E6.2 Q18898 C56E6.3a Q18897 C56E6.3b Q65ZJ1 C56E6.4 Q18899 C56E6.5 Q18900 C56E6.6 Q18902 C56E6.7 Q5WRT3 C56G2.15 Q09518 C56G2.1a Q09285 C56G2.1b Q09285 C56G2.3 Q09287 C56G2.4 Q09288 C56G2.5 Q09516 C56G2.6 Q09517 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C56G2.7 Q09289 C56G2.9 Q8MNU2 C56G3.1a Q18904 C56G3.1b Q8MQ94 C56G3.2 Q18903 C56G7.1 Q09510 C56G7.2 Q09291 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). C56G7.3 Q09292 CC4.2 Q7JK63 CC4.3 O62120 CC8.1 Q9N5V2 CC8.2a Q9N5V1 CC8.2b Q966L7 CD4.1 O44162 CD4.2 O44160 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. CD4.3 O44159 CD4.4 O44158 CD4.5 O44157 CD4.6 O44156 pas-6 encodes a type 1 alpha subunit of the 26S proteasome's 20S protease core particle (CP); PAS-6 is required for embryonic, larval, and germline development and by homology, is predicted to comprise the outer rings of the proteasome and to play a role in selective degradation of ubiquitinated proteins during development; in vitro, PAS-6 interacts with BRP-1, a glutamine/asparagine (Q/N)-rich domain-containing protein conserved amongst nematodes, and with other members of the proteasome. CD4.7 O44161 CD4.8 O61192 CD4.9 O44163 CE7X_3.1 Q8I126 CE7X_3.2 Q8I125 D1005.1 P53585 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. D1005.2 Q18910 D1005.3 Q18909 D1005.4 Q18913 D1005.5 Q18912 D1005.6 Q18911 D1007.1 O01874 ceh-17 encodes a phox-2-like homeodomain protein that is a member of the Q50 paired-like class of homeobox proteins and the vertebrate orthologue of Phox2a and Phox2b; that affects ALA and SIA axonal development; ceh-17 affects ALA and SIA antero-posterior axonal growth and navigation, and is expressed in five neurons of the ring ganglia (ALA and the 4 SIAs) with strongest expression in embryos and in L1 stage larvae. D1007.10a O01866 D1007.10b Q6EZH2 D1007.10c Q7Z1N9 D1007.12 O01868 rpl-24.1 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L24 protein. D1007.13 O01875 D1007.14 O01876 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. D1007.15 O01863 D1007.16 Q9TXQ9 D1007.2 O01873 D1007.3 O01872 D1007.4 O01871 D1007.5a O01870 D1007.5b Q86GV0 D1007.6 O01869 rps-10 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S10 protein. D1007.7 O01864 D1007.8 Q9TXQ8 D1007.9 O01865 D1009.1a Q18916 D1009.1b Q95QP9 D1009.2a P52016 cyp-8 encodes a peptidyl-propyl cis-trans isomerase of the cyclophilin family; cyclophilins are implicated in protein folding, however the precise role of cyp-8 is not known; a CYP-8-fusion protein localises specifically to gut cell nuclei. D1009.2b Q95QQ0 CYclophyliN D1009.3a Q18914 D1009.3b Q7JP70 D1009.4 Q18915 D1009.5 Q18917 D1014.1 Q18924 sul-2 is also homologous to human ARSE, which when mutated leads to chondrodysplasia punctata (OMIM:302950). D1014.2 Q18923 D1014.3 Q18921 D1014.4 Q18922 D1014.5 Q18918 D1014.6 Q95ZW7 D1014.7 Q95ZW8 D1014.8 Q18919 D1022.1 Q18931 D1022.2 Q18928 D1022.3 Q18925 D1022.4 Q18926 D1022.5 Q18927 D1022.6 Q18929 D1022.7a Q18930 aka-1 encodes an A kinase anchor protein that has mutiple isoforms, all of which have a zinc-finger domain of the FYVE type; interacts with KIN-2 in vitro. D1022.7b Q8MQ93 A Kinase Anchor protein D1022.7c Q8MQ92 A Kinase Anchor protein D1022.8 Q18932 cah-2 encodes a predicted carbonic anhydrase. D1025.1 O62124 D1025.2 O62122 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. D1025.3 O62123 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). D1025.4 O62121 D1025.6 O62121 D1025.7 Q8MQ91 D1025.8 Q7YST5 D1025.9 Q7YST5 D1037.1 Q9TYS1 D1037.2 Q9TYS4 D1037.3 Q9TYS3 ftn-2 is orthologous to the human gene FERRITIN, HEAVY POLYPEPTIDE 1 (FTH1; OMIM:134770), which when mutated leads to disease. D1037.4 Q9TYS2 rab-8 encodes a rab related protein of the Ras GTPase superfamily that affects ovarian morphology and function, thereby affecting fertility; acts downstream of let-60 with respect to vulval development based on genetic analysis. D1037.5 Q9TYS0 D1043.1 Q19134 D1044.1 P41949 D1044.2a P41950 D1044.2b P41950 D1044.2c P41950 D1044.3 P41951 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. D1044.4 P41952 D1044.5 P41953 D1044.6 P41954 D1044.7 Q95QP8 D1044.8 P84199 D1046.1 Q18937 D1046.2 Q18933 D1046.3 Q18934 D1046.4 Q18935 D1046.5 Q18936 D1053.1 Q18938 gst-42 is orthologous to the human gene GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE ZETA-1 (also known as MALEYLACETOACETATE ISOMERASE; GSTZ1; OMIM:603758), which when mutated is thought to lead to a variety of type I tyrosinemia. D1053.2 Q18939 D1053.3 Q18940 D1053.4 Q7YX64 D1054.1 Q18948 D1054.10 Q18943 D1054.11 Q18947 D1054.12 Q18952 D1054.13 Q18953 D1054.14 Q18942 D1054.15 Q18295 D1054.2 Q27488 pas-2 encodes a proteasome subunit with highest similarity to vertebrate proteasome alpha 2 subunits. D1054.3 Q18949 D1054.5 Q18945 D1054.7 Q18944 D1054.8 Q18946 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. D1054.9a Q18951 D1054.9b Q9XVV1 D1054.9c Q8I4L9 D1065.4a O16195 D1065.5 O16197 D1069.1 O44789 D1069.2 O44788 cpn-2 encodes a calponin homolog, more similar to the calponin paralogs transgelin (SM22 alpha) or neuronal protein NP25 than to calponin per se. D1069.3a O44790 D1069.3b Q6A586 D1069.4 O44791 D1073.1 Q94183 D1079.1 O17322 D1081.2 Q18955 unc-120 encodes a member of the MADS-box family of transcription factors that contains human and Drosophila serum response factor (SRF) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae MCM1 and ARG80; UNC-120 is required for locomotion and muscle development and for formation of the normal number of muscle A and I bands; UNC-120 is also required for maintaining wild-type expression levels of the muscle components actin and myosin; UNC-120 is first expressed in the early embryo in body wall muscle precursors and later is expressed in both body wall and vulval muscles. D1081.3 Q18956 D1081.4 Q18957 D1081.5 Q18958 D1081.6 Q18959 D1081.7 Q18960 D1081.8 Q21119 D1081.9 Q9U3L0 D1086.1 O17726 D1086.2 O17727 D1086.3 O17725 D1086.4 O17724 D1086.5 O17728 D1086.6 O17729 D1086.7 O62125 D1086.8 Q7YX57 D1086.9 Q7YSS2 D2005.1 Q93412 D2005.2 Q93409 D2005.3 Q93408 D2005.4 Q93410 D2005.5 Q93413 D2005.6 Q93411 D2007.1 P34375 D2007.2 P34376 D2007.2 is orthologous to the human gene TRANSKETOLASE (WERNICKE-KORSAKOFF SYNDROME) (TNF; OMIM:606781), which when mutated leads to disease. D2007.3 P34377 D2007.4 P34378 D2007.5 P34379 D2013.1 Q18969 rab-39 encodes a small, monomeric Rab GTPase that is most closely related to the human and Drosophila Rab39 GTPases; by homology, RAB-39 is predicted to function as a membrane-associated GTPase required for intracellular vesicular trafficking and for regulation of endo- and exocytosis; however, as loss of rab-39 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of RAB-39 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. D2013.10 O62126 D2013.2 Q18964 D2013.3 Q18963 D2013.5 Q18965 The eat-3 gene encodes a mitochondrial dynamin-related protein, closely related to bacterial dynamin-like proteins, that is orthologous to human OPA1 (OMIM:203740, mutated in autosomal dominant optic atrophy); EAT-3 is localized to the mitochondrial matrix and may play a role in regulating inner mitochondrial membrane morphology; EAT-3 is expressed in body wall muscle, intestine, and neurons, all tissues with high metabolic rates. D2013.6 Q18966 D2013.7 Q18967 D2013.8a Q18968 scp-1 encodes PTC-related protein that contains a sterol-sensing domain related to human Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage activating protein. D2013.9 Q09512 D2021.1 Q09519 D2021.2a Q7Z128 D2021.2b Q7Z127 D2021.4 Q09521 D2021.8 Q18970 D2023.2 O17732 pyc-1 encodes the C. elegans pyruvate carboxylase ortholog (OMIM:266150, deficiencies in humans are associated with lactic acidemia, neurological abnormalities, and early death); by homology, PYC-1 is predicted to function as a key regulatory enzyme of gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and anaplerosis, localizing to the mitochondrial matrix and catalyzing the formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate and carbonate; however, loss of pyc-1 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities; pyc-1 expression is induced upon exposure of C. elegans to cadmium. D2023.3 P90785 D2023.4 O17731 D2023.5 O17730 D2023.6 O17735 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. D2023.7 O17734 D2024.1 Q18976 D2024.2 Q18974 D2024.3 P49191 It is likely that elo-3 encodes an elongase component, but its actual biochemical activity is not yet known. D2024.4 Q18972 D2024.5a Q18971 D2024.5b Q8MQ90 D2024.6 P34685 cap-1 encodes an F-actin capping protein alpha subunit that affects fertility; likely expressed in touch receptor neurons. D2024.7 Q18973 D2024.8 Q18975 D2030.1 P90787 D2030.10a Q8T7R8 AEX-1 is a novel C2 domain protein; C2 is a proposed calcium binding domain; AEX-1 is weakly similar to the rat protein Munc13, which regulates vesicle exocytosis; AEX-1 regulates UNC-13 localization; mutation of dgk-1, or a gain-of-function mutation of egl-30, suppresses the aex-1 mutant phenotype. D2030.10b Q8MM73 Aboc, EXpulsion defective D2030.11 Q8MQ89 D2030.12 Q7YTQ0 D2030.2a P90788 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. D2030.2b Q7YTG7 D2030.3 P90790 D2030.4 P90789 D2030.5 P90791 D2030.6 P90786 D2030.7 P90792 D2030.8 P90793 D2030.9a P90794 D2030.9b Q9U3K9 D2045.1a Q18987 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. D2045.2 Q18983 D2045.5 Q18984 D2045.6 Q17389 The first two protein groups underwent further duplication and divergence prior to the divergence of nematodes and vertebrates, so that five cullin families exist in worms and humans (orthologous to CUL-1 through CUL-5). D2045.7 Q18988 D2045.8 Q18986 D2045.9 Q18989 D2062.1 Q95X90 D2062.2 O16600 D2062.3 O16599 D2062.4 O16598 D2062.5 O16597 D2062.6 O16596 D2062.7 O16595 D2062.8 O16594 D2062.9 O16591 D2063.1 Q9UAT1 D2063.2 Q9UAT2 D2063.3a Q95X14 D2063.3b Q6EZG4 D2085.1 Q18990 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. D2085.2 Q18991 D2085.3 Q18994 D2085.3 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR MGC:9947) (EIF2B5; OMIM:603945), which when mutated leads to disease. D2085.4 O17736 D2085.5a Q18431 D2085.5b Q7YSI3 D2085.6 Q18993 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. D2085.7 Q18995 D2089.1a O01159 D2089.1b O01159 RNA binding protein D2089.2 Q18997 D2089.3 Q18998 D2089.4a Q18999 D2089.4b Q8T3E6 human PTB (hnRNP) homolog D2089.5 Q19000 gbh-1 encodes a predicted ortholog of human hBBOX1; expressed in the intestine and in head and body muscles. D2092.1a P91199 D2092.1b Q95Q59 D2092.2 P91198 D2092.3 P91197 A homolog of an alpha type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit involved in the mediation of fast synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions. D2092.4 P91194 D2092.5 P91193 D2092.6 P91192 D2092.7 P91195 D2092.8 P91196 D2096.1 Q19012 D2096.10 Q19010 D2096.11 Q19011 D2096.12 Q86ME1 D2096.2 Q19008 D2096.3 Q19004 D2096.4 Q19003 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. D2096.5 Q19002 D2096.6 Q19005 D2096.7 Q19006 D2096.8 Q19007 D2096.9 Q19009 DC2.1 Q9UAW4 DC2.2 Q9UAW3 DC2.3a Q9UAW1 DC2.3b Q5ZR27 DC2.4 Q9UAW0 DC2.5 Q9UAW2 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. DC2.6 Q9UAW5 DC2.7a Q9UAW6 DC2.7b Q965F6 DH11.1 Q19013 DH11.2 Q19014 DH11.3 Q19015 pgp-11 encodes a transmembrane protein that is a member of the P-glycoprotein subclass of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily; by homology, PGP-11 is predicted to function as an ATP-dependent efflux pump that protects C. elegans by exporting exogenous toxins; however, as loss of pgp-11 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of PGP-11 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. DH11.4 Q19016 DH11.5a Q19017 DH11.5b Q8I0A6 DH11.5c Q8I4L8 DY3.1 O45319 DY3.2 Q21443 The lmn-1 gene encodes a nuclear lamin; LMN-1 protein is essential for the nuclear envelope localization of emerin (EMR-1) protein during during early development. DY3.3 O45320 DY3.4a O45321 trt-1 encodes C. elegans telomerase reverse transcriptase that affects fertility, maintenance of telomere length, and chromosome nondisjunction. DY3.4b Q95QP3 Reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) DY3.5 O45322 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. DY3.6 O45323 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). DY3.7 O46354 sup-17 mutations do not suppress the gain-of-function phenotype produced by overexpression of the lin-12 intracellular domain, demonstrating that sup-17 does not act downstream of lin-12. DY3.8 Q6BEQ1 E01A2.1 Q966L2 E01A2.2a Q966L5 E01A2.2b Q86S87 E01A2.3a Q27886 E01A2.3b Q6F3D0 abnormal cell LINeage E01A2.4 Q966L6 E01A2.5 Q966L4 E01A2.6 Q966L3 E01A2.7 Q966L1 Along with an EST from the nematode Prestionchus pacificus, the C. elegans proteins form a separate branch of the PON family. E01A2.8 Q966L0 Along with an EST from the nematode Prestionchus pacificus, the C. elegans proteins form a separate branch of the PON family. E01B7.1 O17738 E01B7.2 Q9U3K8 E01F3.1a Q9BH44 E01F3.1b Q8I0P7 PhosphoDiEsterase E01G4.1 O02236 E01G4.2 O17739 E01G4.3 O02237 E01G4.4 O02238 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. E01G4.5 O17740 E01G4.6 O02239 E01G6.1 Q19021 E01G6.2 Q19022 E01G6.3 O17592 E01H11.1a P90980 pkc-2 is orthologous to the human gene PROTEIN KINASE C ALPHA (AA 1-672) (PRKCA; OMIM:176960), which when mutated leads to disease. E01H11.1b P90980 Protein Kinase C E01H11.1c P90980 Protein kinase C E01H11.3 Q95QP2 flp-20 encodes two copies of a single FMRFamide-related short peptide neurotransmitter; the precise role of this peptide in C. elegans neurotransmission is not yet known. E02A10.1 Q93425 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. E02A10.2 Q93424 E02A10.3 P90802 E02A10.4 Q8I4L7 E02C12.10 Q19034 E02C12.11 Q19035 E02C12.12 Q19036 E02C12.13 Q65ZI4 E02C12.2 Q19027 E02C12.3 Q19026 E02C12.4 Q65ZI5 E02C12.5 P28052 gpa-3 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases that affects dauer formation, water-soluble chemoattraction and chemoaversion, and volatile chemoattraction; it is expressed in amphid and phasmid neurons and some interneurons. E02C12.6 Q19030 E02C12.8a Q8I7L4 E02C12.8b Q8I7L3 E02C12.8c Q7Z129 E02C12.9 Q19033 E02D9.1a Q9TYV7 E02D9.1b Q8MXD9 E02D9.1c Q7KNN0 E02H1.1 Q09522 E02H1.2 Q09523 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. E02H1.3 Q09524 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. E02H1.4 Q09525 E02H1.5 Q09526 E02H1.6 Q09527 E02H1.7 Q09528 E02H1.8 Q7YX52 E02H4.1 Q19038 E02H4.2 Q19039 E02H4.3a Q17917 E02H4.3b Q8MLY2 E02H4.4 Q19040 E02H4.5 Q19041 E02H4.6 Q19043 E02H9.1 Q9TZ94 E02H9.2 Q9TZ96 E02H9.3a Q688A5 E02H9.3b Q688A6 E02H9.4 Q9TZ98 E02H9.5 Q9TZA0 E02H9.5 is orthologous to the human gene LPH PREPRO-POLYPEPTIDE (AA -19 TO 1908) (LCT; OMIM:603202), which when mutated leads to disease. E02H9.6 Q9TZA2 E02H9.7 Q9TZA1 E02H9.8 Q9TZ99 E02H9.9 Q9TZ95 E03A3.2 Q19046 E03A3.3 Q27489 his-69 encodes a truncated H3 histone. E03A3.4 Q27490 his-70 encodes an H3 histone. E03A3.5 Q19044 E03A3.6 Q19045 A novel protein involved in responsiveness to volatile anesthetics; it is expressed primarily in the nervous system. E03A3.7 Q9XVX6 E03A3.8 Q19047 E03D2.1 O44540 nlp-13 encodes a predicted neuropeptide of the MSFamide family; expressed primarily in neurons or in the endocrine/secretory cells, and expression includes pharyngeal neurons that modulate pharyngeal pumping of food. E03D2.2a O44539 E03D2.2b Q95X67 Neuropeptide-Like Protein E03D2.3 O44541 E03E2.1 O17329 E03G2.1 Q19051 E03G2.2 Q19048 E03G2.3 Q27276 mec-5 encodes a collagen unique in the number of Gly-X-Y repeats and in the composition of amino acids surrounding these repeats; MEC-5 is required for normal mechanosensory response to gentle touch and for the proper functioning of the touch receptor neurons; mec-5 interacts genetically with mec-4 and mec-10 which encode degenerins (ion channels) expressed in the touch neurons, mec-9, which encodes a protein containing EGF-like and Kunitz/protease inhibitor domains secreted by the touch neurons, and mec-12, which encodes an alpha-tubulin expressed in the touch neurons; these genetic interactions suggest that MEC-5 may play a role in anchoring the degenerin complex to the extracellular matrix; MEC-5 is produced and secreted by hypodermal cells. E03G2.4 Q19050 E03H12.1 O02132 E03H12.10 Q23058 E03H12.6b O02125 E03H4.10 O17741 E03H4.11 O17750 E03H4.12 O17751 E03H4.13 O02235 E03H4.2 O17743 E03H4.3 O17747 E03H4.4 O17744 E03H4.5 O17745 E03H4.6 O17748 E03H4.7 O17749 E03H4.8 O17742 E04A4.1 O44475 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). E04A4.2 O44474 E04A4.3 O44473 E04A4.4a O44476 hoe-1 is orthologous to human ELAC2 (OMIM:605367, associated with susceptibility to prostate cancer); hoe-1 is required for normally rapid growth and normally short body length in mass RNAi assays. E04A4.5 O44477 E04A4.6 O44478 E04A4.7 P19974 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. E04A4.8 O44480 rpl-20 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L18a protein. E04D5.1a Q19052 E04D5.1b Q95ZW6 E04D5.2 Q19055 E04D5.3 Q19053 E04D5.4 Q19054 E04D5.5 Q7YX46 E04F6.1 Q19061 E04F6.10 Q19065 E04F6.11a Q9BMK9 The normal physiological time for CLH-3 channel activation is at the onset of oocyte meiotic maturation; inactivation of CLH-3 expression by RNAi causes the gonadal sheath cells, which normally begin contracting during meiotic maturation, to instead begin contractions abnormally early. E04F6.11b Q95QN8 CLC-type chloride cHannel E04F6.12 Q19066 E04F6.13 Q95QP0 E04F6.14 Q95QP1 E04F6.15 Q95QN9 E04F6.2 Q19060 E04F6.3 Q19058 E04F6.3 encodes a protein that is orthologous (with 52% identity over 93% of its length) to residues 334-609 of human 17-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE IV (HSD17B4; OMIM:601860, mutated in D-bifunctional protein deficiency), a protein of 736 residues whose N- and C-terminal domains are orthologous to DHS-28; E04F6.3 contains a MaoC-like domain, found in diverse enzymes (HSD17B4, peroxisomal hydratase-dehydrogenase-epimerase, and the fatty acid synthase beta subunit); E04F6.3 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. E04F6.4 Q19056 E04F6.5a Q19057 E04F6.5 is orthologous to the human gene ACYL-CoA DEHYDROGENASE, VERY LONG-CHAIN (OMIM:201475), which when mutated leads to VLCAD deficiency, an inborn error of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. E04F6.5b Q6AHQ5 E04F6.6 Q19059 E04F6.7 Q19062 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. E04F6.8 Q19063 E04F6.9 Q19064 EEED8.1 Q09293 EEED8.10 Q09299 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). EEED8.11 Q09300 EEED8.12 Q09301 EEED8.13 Q19068 EEED8.14 Q19069 EEED8.15 Q95QN5 EEED8.16 Q95QN6 EEED8.17 Q8IG36 EEED8.2 Q09529 EEED8.3 Q09294 EEED8.4 Q09295 EEED8.5 Q09530 The components of the compensasome are generally conserved in metazoa: they thus are likely to act as a functional unit in C. elegans and other metazoa, and not merely in Drosophila alone. EEED8.6 Q09296 EEED8.7a Q09511 EEED8.7b Q09511 SR Protein (splicing factor) EEED8.8 Q09297 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. EEED8.9 Q09298 EGAP1.1 Q19073 EGAP1.3 O61266 EGAP2.1 Q19075 EGAP2.2 Q19074 EGAP2.3 Q19076 pho-1 encodes the major C. elegans intestinal acid phosphatase; as loss of PHO-1 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, PHO-1 may function redundantly with other acid phosphatases; PHO-1 intestinal expression appears to be positively regulated by CKI-1, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and negatively regulated by POP-1, a TCF/LEF transcription factor; PHO-1 is expressed along the intestinal brush border in all gut cells except the most anterior int-1 and int-2 cells, beginning at the three-fold stage of embryogenesis. EGAP4.1 Q19077 EGAP5.1 Q19078 EGAP7.1 Q19079 EGAP798.1 Q9BKZ6 EGAP9.2 P91200 EGAP9.3 P91201 E_BE45912.2 Q8ITZ9 F01D4.1 O17756 F01D4.2 O17757 F01D4.3 O17755 F01D4.4 O17754 Uncloned locus that affects egg laying. F01D4.5a O17753 F01D4.5b Q95QN4 F01D4.6a P09088 F01D4.6b Q7YTQ4 MEChanosensory abnormality F01D4.7 O02241 F01D4.8 O01982 F01D4.9 Q7YTQ3 F01D5.1 Q9XVB1 F01D5.10 Q9XVA5 F01D5.11 Q9XVB3 F01D5.2 Q9XVB0 F01D5.3 Q9XVB4 F01D5.5 Q9XVA9 F01D5.6 Q9XVA8 F01D5.7a Q9XVB2 F01D5.7b Q7JKU8 F01D5.8 Q9XVA7 F01D5.9 Q9XVA6 F01E11.1 Q19082 F01E11.3 Q5WRR7 F01E11.4 Q19083 F01E11.5a Q19084 F01E11.5b Q7Z290 F01F1.10a Q19089 F01F1.10 orthologs exist in vertebrates, insects, various plants, and Trypanosoma brucei, but not in S. cerevisiae; bacterial/microbial ENGases, such as Endo-M from Mucor hiemalis or Endo-A from Arthrobacter protophormiae also have significant similarity to eukaryotic ENGases. F01F1.10b Q8TA65 F01F1.10c Q65ZJ9 F01F1.11 Q19090 F01F1.12a P46563 The F01F1.12 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene ADHUB, which when mutated leads to fructosemia (OMIM:229600). F01F1.12b Q8MNU1 F01F1.13 Q19092 F01F1.14 Q19095 F01F1.15 Q95QN1 F01F1.1a Q19094 F01F1.1b Q95QN0 F01F1.1c Q8I7L2 F01F1.2 Q19093 F01F1.3 Q19091 F01F1.4 Q19088 F01F1.5 Q19086 F01F1.6 P46562 F01F1.7 Q95QN2 F01F1.8a P46550 eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin; affects viability and fertility, and is expressed in various muscle and neuronal cells: near the pharynx, near the anal sphincter, in the ventral nerve cord and the nerve ring; occasionally the expression is visible in hypodermal cells and in some vulval cells. F01F1.8b Q8MYQ9 Chaperonin Containing TCP-1 F01F1.9 Q19087 F01G10.1 O17759 The F01G10.1 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene TRANSKETOLASE (TKT; OMIM:606781), which when mutated leads to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (OMIM:277730). F01G10.10 O17768 F01G10.2 O17761 F01G10.3 O17762 F01G10.4 O17765 F01G10.5 O17763 F01G10.6 O17764 F01G10.7 O17766 F01G10.8 O17760 F01G10.9 O17767 F01G12.1 Q19100 F01G12.2a Q19097 F01G12.2b Q19096 SUppressor of activated let-60 Ras F01G12.5a P17140 Most evidence indicates that most X and Y positions are not highly critical. F01G12.5b P17140 alpha-2 type IV collagen F01G12.6 Q19101 F01G4.1 Q19106 psa-4(os13ts); psa-1(os22ts) double mutants show much higher penetrance for phasmid socket absence than either mutation alone, and also show synthetic larval lethality at 22.5 deg_C Although psa-4(os13ts) is only weakly lethal in embryos, psa-4(RNAi) animals show 100% embryonic lethality. F01G4.2 Q19102 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F01G4.3 Q19103 F01G4.4 Q19104 F01G4.5 Q93438 F01G4.6 P40614 F02A9.1a P34380 F02A9.1b P34381 F02A9.2 P34382 far-1 encodes a fatty acid/retinol binding protein; expressed throughout development with highest expression levels in L3 stage larvae and in adult males. F02A9.3 P34383 far-2 encodes a protein similar to a class of secreted fatty acid and retinol-binding proteins expressed in parasitic nematodes and secreted in the surrounding tissues of the host; expressed in body wall muscle and vulval cells of adult hermaphrodites, and transcript levels progressively increase during development. F02A9.4a P34385 F02A9.4 is orthologous to the human gene SIMILAR TO METHYLCROTONOYL-COENZYME A CARBOXYLASE 2 (BETA) (MCCC2; OMIM:210210), which when mutated leads to disease. F02A9.4b P34384 F02A9.6 P13508 glp-1 encodes an N-glycosylated transmembrane protein that, along with LIN-12, comprises one of two C. elegans members of the LIN-12/Notch family of receptors; from the N- to the C-terminus, GLP-1 is characterized by ten extracellular EGF-like repeats, three LIN-12/Notch repeats, a CC-linker, a transmembrane domain, a RAM domain, six intracellular ankyrin repeats, and a PEST sequence; in C. elegans, GLP-1 activity is required for cell fate specification in germline and somatic tissues; in the germline, GLP-1, acting as a receptor for the DSL family ligand LAG-2, is essential for mitotic proliferation of germ cells and maintenance of germline stem cells; in somatic tissues, maternally provided GLP-1, acting as a receptor for the DSL family ligand APX-1, is required for inductive interactions that specify the fates of certain embryonic blastomeres; GLP-1 is also required for some later embryonic cell fate decisions, and in these decisions its activity is functionally redundant with that of LIN-12; GLP-1 expression is regulated temporally and spatially via translational control, as GLP-1 mRNA, present ubiquitously in the germline and embryo, yields detectable protein solely in lateral, interior, and endomembranes of distal, mitotic germ cells, and then predominantly in the AB blastomere and its descendants in the early embryo; proper spatial translation of glp-1 mRNA in the embryo is dependent upon genes such as the par genes, that are required for normal anterior-posterior asymmetry in the early embryo; signaling through GLP-1 controls the activity of the downstream Notch pathway components LAG-3 and LAG-1, the latter being predicted to function as part of a transcriptional feedback mechanism that positively regulates GLP-1 expression; signaling through the DNA-binding protein LAG-1 is believed to involve a direct interaction between LAG-1 and the GLP-1 RAM and ankyrin domains. F02C12.1 Q19107 F02C12.2 Q19108 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F02C12.3 Q19109 F02C12.4 Q19110 F02C12.5a O17624 F02C12.5b O17624 cytochrome P450 F02C12.5c O17624 CYtochrome P450 family F02C9.1 P91206 F02C9.2 P91204 F02C9.3 P91203 F02C9.4 P91205 F02D10.1 Q19111 F02D10.2 Q19112 F02D10.3 Q19113 F02D10.4 Q19114 F02D10.5 Q19115 F02D10.6 Q19116 F02D10.7 Q19117 F02D8.1 Q19118 F02D8.2 Q19120 F02D8.3 Q19119 F02D8.4 Q19121 F02D8.5 Q7YX51 F02E11.1 O16574 F02E11.2 O16571 F02E11.3 O16572 F02E11.4 O16573 F02E11.5 O16575 F02E8.1 Q19126 asb-2 encodes a ATP synthase B homolog. F02E8.2a Q19125 F02E8.2b Q7JNX1 F02E8.3 Q19123 The aps-2 gene encodes an adaptin: specifically, it encodes an ortholog of the sigma2 subunit of adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2), which mediates endocytosis from the plasma membrane; APS-2 appears to be required for embryonic and larval development and for normal body morphology, but is not required for endocytosis of yolk protein in developing oocytes; APS-2 is expressed in nearly all cells during embryogenesis, but during larval and adult stages, expression is confined to neurons and some hypodermal cells, including vulval hypodermal cells during the fourth larval stage. F02E8.4 Q19122 F02E8.5 Q19124 F02E8.6 Q19127 ncr-1 encodes a large transmembrane glycoprotein with a patched-like domain that is orthologous to human NPC1 (OMIM:257220, mutated in Niemann-Pick type C disease); NCR-1 and NPC1 are eukaryotic members of the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family of membrane permeases, and have a putative sterol-sensing domain; by homology, NCR-1 is predicted to function in intracellular cholesterol and glycolipid trafficking; in C. elegans, NCR-1 is required for growth and survival in the absence of cholesterol, newly hatched ncr-1 mutant larvae grow poorly on cholesterol-free medium and die at the L1 or L2 stage; NCR-1 is also involved in negative regulation of dauer formation, being required redundantly with NCR-2, a second C. elegans NPC1-like protein, for preventing constitutive dauer formation; dauer formation in ncr-1; ncr-2 double mutants is suppressed by mutations in daf-12, which encodes a steroid hormone receptor, and by overexpression of daf-9, which encodes a cytochrome P450, suggesting that NCR-1 and NCR-2 may function to transport a sterol precursor that is metabolized by DAF-9 to then serve as the DAF-12 ligand. F02E9.1 O01314 F02E9.10 Q95QM9 F02E9.2a P92186 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F02E9.2b Q9U3K6 cold shock domain F02E9.3 O01317 F02E9.4 O01319 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F02E9.5 O17769 F02E9.7 O01320 F02E9.9 Q9U3K7 F02G3.1a Q19128 F02G3.1b Q8T3E5 NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) homolog F02G3.1c Q8MQ86 NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) homolog F02H6.1 O62130 F02H6.2 O62129 F02H6.3a O62132 F02H6.3b Q95ZW5 F02H6.4 O62131 F02H6.5 O62133 F02H6.6 O62134 F02H6.7 O62135 F07A11.1 Q19129 F07A11.2a Q19130 F07A11.2b Q95QM8 glucosamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase F07A11.3 Q19131 F07A11.4 Q19132 F07A11.5 Q19133 F07A11.6a Q19135 F07A11.6b Q7YSH5 DAF-12 Interacting Protein F07A11.6c Q8I0K1 DAF-12 Interacting Protein F07A11.6d Q8I124 DAF-12 Interacting Protein F07A11.6e Q5WRP3 DAF-12 Interacting Protein F07A5.1a O62136 inx-14 encodes a predicted member of the innexin family that affects embryonic viability and fertility. F07A5.1b O62136 Ogre family F07A5.2 Q19138 F07A5.3 Q19140 F07A5.4 Q19137 F07A5.5 Q19136 F07A5.6 Q19141 F07A5.7 P10567 Other sequences along the length of the rod may also participate in the isoform-specific interaction between MHC A and UNC-15. F07B10.1 Q93440 cln-3.1 is orthologous to the human gene CEROID-LIPOFUSCINOSIS, NEURONAL 3, JUVENILE (BATTEN, SPIELMEYER-VOGT DISEASE) (CLN3; OMIM:607042), which when mutated leads to disease. F07B10.2 Q19145 F07B10.3 O17563 F07B10.4 Q7YX45 F07B10.5 Q6BET0 F07B10.6 Q6BES9 F07B7.1 Q9N5A5 F07B7.10 P09588 his-51 encodes an H2A histone. F07B7.12 Q965Y9 F07B7.13 Q17552 F07B7.14 Q965Y8 F07B7.2 Q9N5A6 F07B7.3 P09588 his-53 encodes an H2A histone. F07B7.5 P08898 his-49 encodes an H3 histone; by homology, HIS-49 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-49 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in a histone gene-rich region on chromosome V. F07B7.6 Q965Z1 F07B7.7 Q23301 F07B7.8 Q965Z0 F07B7.9 P62784 his-50 encodes an H4 histone. F07C3.1 Q19153 F07C3.7 Q19151 F07C3.8 Q9GS14 F07C4.1 P91217 F07C4.10 P91215 F07C4.11 P91216 F07C4.12 P91218 F07C4.13 P91219 F07C4.14 Q9GS03 F07C4.2 P91214 F07C4.3 Q9GS04 F07C4.4 P91210 F07C4.5 P91209 F07C4.6 P91208 F07C4.7 P91207 F07C4.8 P91211 F07C4.9 P91213 F07C6.1 Q19157 F07C6.2 Q19159 F07C6.3 Q19158 F07C6.4a Q8I093 F07C6.4b P90929 F07C6.4c Q8I0J8 F07C7.1 Q19161 F07D10.1 Q19162 his gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F07D3.2 Q19165 F07D3.3 Q19164 F07E5.1 P91225 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F07E5.2 P91222 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F07E5.4 P91221 F07E5.5 P91223 F07E5.6 P91224 F07E5.7 P91226 F07E5.8 P91227 F07E5.9 P91228 F07F6.1 Q09302 F07F6.2 Q09303 F07F6.4 Q09531 F07F6.5 Q09304 F07F6.6 Q9BK17 F07F6.7 Q8WQF8 F07F6.8 Q8WQF7 F07F6.9 Q8WQF6 F07G11.1 O16235 F07G11.2 O16233 F07G11.3 O16232 F07G11.4 O16230 F07G11.5 Q9GUE7 F07G11.7 O16234 F07G11.8 O16236 F07G11.9 O16237 F07G6.1 Q19173 F07G6.2 Q19172 F07G6.3 Q19171 F07G6.5 Q19167 F07G6.6 Q19168 F07G6.7 Q19169 F07G6.8 Q19170 F07H5.10 Q19174 F07H5.12 Q19179 F07H5.13 Q95QM7 F07H5.2 Q19185 F07H5.6 Q19176 F07H5.7 Q19181 F07H5.8 Q19182 F07H5.9 Q19175 F08A10.1a Q19186 F08A10.1b Q8I4G5 F08A10.1c Q8I4G4 F08A10.1d Q6BET2 F08A10.2 Q6BET3 F08A8.1a O62140 F08A8.1 is orthologous to the human gene ACYL-CoA OXIDASE 1, PALMITOYL (ACOX1; OMIM:264470), which when mutated leads to pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. F08A8.1b Q7JK62 F08A8.2 O62137 F08A8.3 O62138 F08A8.4 O62139 F08A8.5 O62141 F08A8.6 O62142 F08A8.7 Q9N6F2 F08B1.1a Q8ST19 F08B1.1b Q8ST18 VH1 dual-specificity phosphatase family F08B1.1c Q8IG35 VH1 dual-specificity phosphatase family F08B1.2 Q19187 gcy-12 encodes a predicted guanylate cyclase that affects chemotaxis to isoamyl alcohol; expressed in PHA neurons and in AFD neurons. F08B1.3 Q95ZW4 F08B12.1 Q19188 F08B12.1 is orthologous to the human gene AC133-2 ANTIGEN (PROML1; OMIM:604365), which when mutated leads to disease. F08B12.2 Q19189 F08B12.3a Q7KKH2 F08B12.3b Q19190 SLOwpoke potassium channel family F08B12.4 Q19191 F08B12.5 Q7YX53 F08B4.1a Q19198 dic-1 encodes an ortholog of Drosophila CG3125 and human DEAD/H BOX 26 (DDX26, DICE-1; OMIM:604331; nuclear protein, lost or downregulated in nonsmall cell lung carcinomas); DIC-1 and its orthologs have an N-terminal von Willebrand factor (vWF) type A domain; DIC-1 is required for embryonic development and normal locomotion. F08B4.1b Q65ZH7 human DICE1 (Deleted In Cancer) homolog F08B4.2a Q19194 a homolog of cadherin. F08B4.2b Q95QM6 CaDHerin family F08B4.3 Q19193 F08B4.4 Q19195 F08B4.5 Q19196 F08B4.6 Q19197 F08B4.7 P90815 F08B6.1 Q9TYS7 F08B6.2 Q9TYS9 gpc-2 encodes one of two C. elegans heterotrimeric G protein gamma subunits; gpc-2 is required, along with its partner GPB-1, a G protein beta subunit, for proper mitotic spindle positioning and orientation during early embryonic cell divisions; to date, GPC-2 expression has been reported in electrically excitable cells (all neurons and muscles). F08B6.3 Q9TYS8 F08B6.4b P37806 UNC-87 does not require tropomyosin, filamin, or alpha-actinin to bind F-actin. F08B6.4c Q6EZG6 UNCoordinated F08C6.1a Q19204 F08C6.1b Q7Z292 ADAMTS family F08C6.1c Q7Z291 ADAMTS family F08C6.2 P49583 F08C6.2 encodes a lipid-activated CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT), with CCT activity in vitro; recombinant F08C6.2 enzyme is most activated by a 1:1 mixture of phosphatidylcholine:oleate vesicles; a inhibitory 21-residue segment (residues 246-266) is critical for specific activation of F08C6.2 by lipids, since deletion or mutation of this segment causes F08C6.2 to be constitutively active without its normal lipid substrate; F08C6.2 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. F08C6.3 Q19201 F08C6.4 Q19200 F08C6.5 Q19199 F08C6.6 Q19202 F08C6.7 Q19203 unc-98 encodes a protein with four C2H2 zinc fingers and several possible nuclear localization and export sequences; UNC-98 is required for normal mobility, M-line structures, and dense body (Z-line analog) structures; UNC-98 binds UNC-97/PINCH, HUM-6, and MEP-1; UNC-98 is located in M-lines, muscle cell nuclei, and perhaps dense bodies. F08D12.1 P91240 F08D12.10 P91233 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F08D12.11 P91234 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F08D12.12 P91239 F08D12.13 P91241 F08D12.2 P91238 F08D12.3a P91237 F08D12.3b P91235 F08D12.4 P91236 F08D12.6 P91229 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F08D12.7 P91230 F08D12.8 P91231 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F08D12.9 P91232 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F08E10.1 Q9XXP3 F08E10.2 Q9XXP2 F08E10.3 Q9XXP5 F08E10.6 Q9XXN9 F08E10.7 Q9XXP4 F08F1.1a O17392 kin-9 encodes a predicted protein tyrosine kinase. F08F1.1b O17391 protein KINase F08F1.3 O17390 F08F1.4a O17385 F08F1.4b Q7Z130 F08F1.5 O17386 In addition to human beings, homologs of ced-8 are found in D. melanogaster and in Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt). F08F1.6 O17387 F08F1.7 O17388 F08F1.8 O17389 F08F1.9 O17384 F08F3.1 Q22951 F08F3.10 Q8I7H1 F08F3.2a Q22949 F08F3.2b Q7JNN7 ACyLtransferase-like F08F3.3 Q22947 rhr-1 encodes an ortholog of human Rhesus blood-group associated glycoprotein (RHAG; OMIM:180297, mutated in chronic hemolytic anemia), a member of the ammonium transporter family, and affects general levels of mRNA transcripts, and embryonic viability in a large-scale RNAi screen. F08F3.4 Q22945 F08F3.6 Q22946 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F08F3.7 Q27531 ccp-14A5 encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 family. F08F3.8 Q22948 F08F3.9a Q22950 F08F3.9b Q7JNN6 F08F8.1 Q19209 F08F8.10a Q95ZV8 F08F8.10b Q65ZJ4 F08F8.2 Q19207 F08F8.3a Q8MYQ8 F08F8.3b Q19205 Kinesin-Associated Protein F08F8.4 Q19206 F08F8.5 Q19208 F08F8.6 Q95ZW3 F08F8.7 Q95ZW2 F08F8.8 Q95ZW1 F08F8.9a Q95ZV9 F08F8.9b Q95ZW0 F08F8.9c Q8MNU0 F08G12.1 Q19210 F08G12.10 Q9U3K5 F08G12.2 Q19211 F08G12.3 Q19212 F08G12.4 Q19213 VHL-1 protein interacts with HIF-1 protein via a conserved prolyl residue of HIF-1 that is oxidized by EGL-9. F08G12.5 Q19214 F08G12.8 Q19216 F08G2.1 P04255 his-44 encodes an H2B histone. F08G2.2 P09588 his-43 encodes an H2A histone. F08G2.3 P08898 his-42 encodes an H3 histone. F08G2.4 Q9XVA4 F08G2.5 Q9XVA3 F08G2.6 Q9XVA1 F08G2.7 Q9XVA2 F08G2.8 Q9XVA0 F08G5.1 Q19220 F08G5.2 Q19221 F08G5.3a Q19219 F08G5.3b Q7JLR4 F08G5.4 Q19218 F08G5.5 Q19222 F08G5.6 Q19223 F08G5.7 Q5WRN9 F08H9.1 Q19232 coh-3 encodes a member of the Rad21/Rec8-like family of cohesion proteins that is expressed in the germline; an effect on embryonic viability has been reported based on some RNAi screens, but has not been demonstrated in others. F08H9.12 Q5WRN2 F08H9.2 Q19225 F08H9.3 Q19227 F08H9.3 encodes a heat shock protein (HSP) of the HSP16 class; unlike most HSP16s in C. elegans, it is specifically expressed in a particular tissue (the larval pharynx and the anterior adult pharynx), and its expression is not strongly induced by heat shock; however, F08H9.3 expression is increased by heat shock (with adult expression in the full pharynx) and probably aids heat shock resistance, since F08H9.3(RNAi) animals have sensitivity to heat shock that is sporadically higher than normal; in general, HSP16 proteins are thought to act as passive ligands for unfolded proteins that keep them safe from aggregation until the proteins can be refolded by a large (ATP-consuming) HSP. F08H9.4 Q19228 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F08H9.5 Q19231 F08H9.6 Q19229 F08H9.7 Q19230 F08H9.8 Q19226 F08H9.9 Q9XTF9 F09A5.1 Q19235 F09A5.2 Q19238 F09A5.3 Q19236 F09A5.4a Q19237 F09A5.4b Q7JLW3 F09A5.4c Q9BH92 F09A5.4d Q8MQ85 F09A5.4e Q8MQ84 F09B12.1a Q9U3K3 F09B12.1b Q9U3K4 F09B12.2 O62144 F09B12.3 O62146 F09B12.5 O62147 F09B12.6 Q9NLA1 flr-4 encodes a predicted Ser/Thr protein kinase that affects sensitivity to fluoride ion, growth, defecation cycle periods, dauer formation; expressed in the intestine, the AUA neurons, the pharyngeal isthmus, and in the excretory canal in larval stages. F09B9.1 Q19239 F09B9.2a Q19240 Transgenic expression of a gain-of-function UNC-40 netrin receptor causes defects in axonal guidance, axonal branching, and axon and cell body outgrowth; these defects are suppressed by unc-115 mutations, as well as by mutations in ced-10/Rac and unc-34/Enabled; UNC-115, with CED-10, transduces the activity of the conserved cytoplasmic P1 motif of UNC-40, while UNC-34 transduces activity of a different conserved UNC-40 cytoplasmic motif (P2). F09B9.2b Q95QM5 LIM domains F09B9.3 P48583 erd-2 encodes a protein with homology to human ER lumen protein retaining receptor 1. F09B9.4 Q7JMH3 F09B9.5 Q7YX44 F09C11.1 O44141 F09C12.1 Q10052 ggr-3 encodes a predicted member of the GABA/ glycine receptor family of ligand-gated chloride channels; expressed in the AVA, AVB, SMDD, DVA, SIAD, and in some other neurons of the nerve ring. F09C12.2 Q19243 F09C12.6 Q10054 F09C12.7 Q95PJ7 F09C12.8 Q8IG34 F09C3.1 O17772 pes-7 encodes an ortholog of the vertebrate IQGAP proteins, actin- and CLIP-170-binding proteins that serve as effectors for the Rho family GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42; IQGAP's alpha-actinin domain is related distantly to alpha-actinin domains in calponin, transgelin (SM22 alpha), and the proto-oncogene Vav; pes-7 was identified in promoter-trapping screens and by homology, is predicted to function as a key regulator of cytoskeletal organization in migrating cells and as a regulator of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion; however, PES-7 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; a pes-7 reporter is first expressed in the ventral nerve cord of the elongating embryo and in later stages of development is also expressed in all major ganglia, the vulva, and in the spermathecal valves; in the ventral nerve cord, pes-7 expression is detected in nuclei as well as in cell bodies and neural processes. F09C3.2 O17773 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F09C3.3 O17774 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F09C3.4 O17775 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F09C3.5 Q9NAQ7 F09C6.1 O45327 F09C6.10 Q9XV99 F09C6.2 O45329 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F09C6.3 O45330 F09C6.4 O45331 F09C6.5 O45332 F09C6.6 O45333 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F09C6.7 O45326 F09C6.8 O45328 F09C6.9 Q9XV98 F09C8.1 O01300 F09C8.2 O01299 F09D1.1 O44787 F09D12.1 O44471 grd-10 encodes a protein that contains a novel Ground domain that is closely related to GRD-5. F09D12.2 O44472 F09D12.2 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F09D12.2 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F09E10.1 Q19252 F09E10.3 Q19246 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F09E10.5 Q19248 F09E10.6 Q19249 F09E10.7a Q7YZV4 F09E10.7b Q7YZV3 F09E10.8a Q19253 F09E10.8b Q8MQ82 F09E5.1 Q19266 F09E5.10 Q19256 F09E5.11 Q19259 F09E5.12 Q19261 F09E5.13 Q19263 A partial AGT-2 protein, heterologous expressed in E. coli, is able to repair O-6-methyl-guanine and O-4-methylthymine adducts in DNA in vitro, and also acted on the bulky benzyl adduct in O-6-benzylguanine; moreover, agt-2 expression in E. coli weakly complements a genetic deficiency in AGT activity. F09E5.14 Q8MPP7 F09E5.15 Q8IG31 F09E5.16 Q8IG32 F09E5.17 Q8IG33 F09E5.2 Q19265 F09E5.3 Q19264 F09E5.4 Q19258 F09E5.5 Q19262 F09E5.7 Q19257 F09E5.8 P52057 F09E5.9 Q19255 F09E8.1 Q19268 F09E8.2 Q19267 F09E8.3 Q19272 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F09E8.5 Q93444 F09E8.6 Q19269 F09E8.7 Q27218 The UNC-29 class of C. elegans nAChRs is most closely related to non-alpha subunits from insects and vertebrates. F09E8.8 Q7YTR0 F09F3.1 P90817 F09F3.10 P90822 F09F3.11 P90824 F09F3.12 P90823 F09F3.13 P90825 F09F3.2 P90816 F09F3.4 P90819 F09F3.5 P90820 F09F3.6 O17776 F09F3.7 P90821 F09F3.9 P90827 F09F7.1 Q19280 F09F7.2a P53014 F09F7.2b Q8MYQ7 Myosin Light Chain F09F7.3 Q27492 F09F7.4a Q19278 F09F7.4b Q8MNT7 F09F7.5a Q19275 F09F7.5b Q95QM4 F09F7.5c Q95QM3 F09F7.6 Q19276 F09F7.7a Q8MNT9 F09F7.7b Q8MNT8 F09F7.8 Q19279 F09F9.1 Q19282 F09F9.2 Q19281 F09F9.3 Q19283 F09F9.4 Q19284 F09G2.1 O17408 F09G2.2 O17407 F09G2.3 O17404 F09G2.4 O17403 F09G2.5 O17402 F09G2.6 O17401 F09G2.7 O17400 F09G2.8 O17405 F09G2.9 O17406 F09G8.2 P34387 F09G8.3 P34388 F09G8.4 P34389 ncr-2 encodes a homolog of human NPC1, which when mutated leads to Niemann-Pick disease, type C (OMIM:257220). F09G8.5 P34390 F09G8.6 P34391 F09G8.7 P34392 F09G8.8 P34393 F09G8.9 P34394 F10A3.1 O45334 F10A3.1 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; F10A3.1 is worm-specific, with obvious homologs only in C. elegans; F10A3.1 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. F10A3.11 O45342 F10A3.12 O45343 F10A3.13 O45344 F10A3.15 O62148 F10A3.16 Q7YX63 F10A3.2 O45335 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F10A3.3 O45336 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F10A3.4 Q8I4L6 F10A3.5 O45340 F10A3.6 O45339 F10A3.7 O45341 F10A3.8 O45337 F10A3.9 O45338 F10B5.1 Q09533 rpl-10 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L10 protein required in mass RNAi assays for embryonic viability, fertility, normally rapid growth, and normal body coloration; the rpl-10 transcription unit has a nonsense transcript that is up-regulated in vivo by smg[-] mutations, indicating that rpl-10 is a natural substrate for SMG-mediated nonsense suppresssion; several other natural mRNA substrates of SMG suppression (e.g., rpl-3, rpl-7, rpl-12) have protein products that are involved in translation. F10B5.2 Q09305 F10B5.3 Q09534 F10B5.4 Q09306 tub-1 encodes a tubby homolog that affects fat storage in C. elegans and may function in a parallel pathway with kat-1 to affect lipid accumulation based on genetic analysis; expressed primarily in sensory neurons. F10B5.5 Q09535 F10B5.6 Q09536 emb-27 encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing protein that is the C. elegans ortholog of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) subunit APC-6 (CDC16); required maternally and paternally, EMB-27 activity is essential for proper execution of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition during meiosis (both oogenesis and spermatogenesis) and mitosis (during germline proliferation); EMB-27 activity is also critical for embryonic anterior-posterior (A-P) axis formation, production of the secreted eggshell, and normal vulval development; in establishing the embryonic A-P axis, EMB-27 likely acts upstream of the separin protease to ensure proper localization of PAR-3 and PAR-2 to the anterior and posterior cortices, respectively. F10B5.7 Q19285 RRF-3 is a member of the NCBI KOG0988 ('RNA-directed RNA polymerase QDE-1 required for posttranscriptional gene silencing and RNA interference'). F10B5.8 Q9U3K2 F10B5.9 Q7YX41 F10C1.1 Q19292 F10C1.2a Q19289 All eleven intermediate filament proteins exhibit a lamin-like length of the coil 1b domain, but only the A and B subgroups have a lamin homology segment in the tail domain. F10C1.2b Q19289 Intermediate filament protein F10C1.3 Q19288 F10C1.5 Q19291 F10C1.7a Q19286 All eleven intermediate filament proteins exhibit a lamin-like length of the coil 1b domain, but only the A and B subgroups have a lamin homology segment in the tail domain. F10C1.7c Q19286 Intermediate Filament, B F10C1.8a Q8IG30 F10C1.8b Q8IG29 F10C2.2 P34705 kup-1 encodes a novel protein that is conserved in C. briggsae, but contains no other known homologs; kup-1 is the upstream gene in an operon with pkc-1, which encodes two protein kinase C isoforms of the nPKC isotype; the polycistronic kup-1/pkc-1 mRNA is detected at low levels in embryos and larvae, but its expression greatly increases in adults; as loss of kup-1 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of kup-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. F10C2.3 P90833 F10C2.4 P90829 F10C2.4 encodes a homolog of the DNA polymerase delta complex subunit A that is required in embryos for the normal timing of embryonic cell divisions (much as DIV-1 is) and, also, for normal chromosome segregation (probably because of defective DNA replication). F10C2.5 P90830 F10C2.6 P90831 drs-2 encodes a putative aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. F10C2.7 P90832 F10C5.1 Q19294 F10C5.2 Q19293 F10D11.1 P31161 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F10D11.2 O17777 F10D11.3 O17778 F10D11.4 O17780 F10D11.5 O17779 F10D11.6 O17781 F10D2.1 O16921 F10D2.10 O16919 F10D2.11 O16922 F10D2.12 Q8MNX7 F10D2.2a O16920 F10D2.2b Q8IA78 F10D2.3 O16912 F10D2.4 O16913 F10D2.5 O16914 F10D2.6 O16915 F10D2.7 O16916 F10D2.8 O16917 F10D2.9 O16918 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F10D7.1 Q19295 F10D7.2 Q19296 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F10D7.3 Q19297 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F10D7.4 Q19298 F10D7.5a Q7JP67 F10D7.5b Q7JP65 F10D7.5c Q7JP66 F10D7.5e Q8MQ80 F10E7.1 Q19309 F10E7.10 Q19304 F10E7.11 Q19306 F10E7.2 Q19307 F10E7.3 Q19308 F10E7.4 Q19305 F10E7.5 Q19302 F10E7.6 Q19303 F10E7.7 P49180 rpl-33 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L35a protein. F10E7.8 Q19300 F10E7.9 Q19301 F10E9.1 P34395 F10E9.10 Q95QL5 F10E9.11 Q95QL6 F10E9.12 Q95QL4 F10E9.2 P34396 F10E9.3 P34397 F10E9.4 P34398 F10E9.5 P34399 F10E9.6a P34400 mig-10 encodes a protein containing a pleckstrin homology domain and a proline-rich region, and is similar to the SH2-domain containing adapter proteins Grb7 and Grb10 which are involved in receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signal transduction; MIG-10 is likely required for signal transduction during cell migration, as it is required non-cell autonomously for excretory canal development and anterior-posterior migrations of the embryonic neurons ALM, CAN, and HSN; mig-10 mutations appear to interact genetically with mutations in all three C. elegans rac genes, ced-10, mig-2, and rac-2, suggesting partial redundancy during neuronal migration and excretory canal outgrowth; MIG-10 is expressed in many embryonic cells and in four cells in the adult head. F10E9.6b P34400 abnormal cell MIGration F10E9.6c Q7JQ80 abnormal cell MIGration F10E9.7 P34401 F10E9.8 P34402 Function is conserved in the C. briggsae ortholog CBG24501, based on RNAi analysis. F10F2.1 Q19317 F10F2.2 Q19311 F10F2.3 Q19310 F10F2.4 Q19312 F10F2.5 Q19316 F10F2.6 Q19314 F10F2.7 Q19313 F10F2.8 Q19315 F10F2.9 Q19318 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F10G2.1 Q22957 F10G2.2 Q22956 F10G2.3 Q22955 F10G2.4 Q22954 F10G2.6 Q22953 F10G2.7 Q22958 F10G2.8 Q22959 F10G2.9 Q22960 F10G7.1 Q19329 F10G7.2 Q19328 F10G7.4 Q19325 scc-1 encodes a member of the Rad21/Rec8-like family of cohesion proteins that affects embryonic viability, fertility, the rate of embryonic cell divisions and the incidence of male progeny; interacts with ATL-1, F56D12.5, and F11E6.1 based on yeast two-hybrid assays, and is expressed in nondividing embryonic and germline nuclei. F10G7.8 Q19324 F10G8.1 Q9XVU4 F10G8.2 Q93453 F10G8.3 Q93454 F10G8.4 Q93455 F10G8.5 P36609 F10G8.6 Q93459 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F10G8.7 Q93456 F10G8.8 O62399 F10G8.9a Q93458 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F10G8.9b Q6A1T5 F11A1.2 Q19332 F11A1.3a Q9XZD4 daf-12 encodes a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily that affects dauer formation downstream of the TGF- and insulin signaling pathways, and affects gonad-dependent adult longevity together with DAF-16, chemosensory signal transduction, and distal tip cell migration and hypodermal and intestinal cell lineages during the L3 larval stage; expressed in the nucleus and in most cells; DAF-12 is homologous to human VITAMIN D RECEPTOR (VDR; OMIM:601769, mutated in vitamin D-resistant rickets. F11A1.3b Q9UB16 abnormal DAuer Formation F11A1.3c Q9UB17 abnormal DAuer Formation F11A10.1 P54816 F11A10.2 Q19335 F11A10.3 Q19336 F11A10.4 Q19338 F11A10.5 Q19337 F11A10.6 Q9U3K1 F11A10.7 Q95QL3 F11A10.8 Q7YTG9 F11A3.1 Q19339 F11A3.2 Q18748 F11A5.1 O17786 F11A5.10 O17793 glc-1 encodes the alpha subunit of a glutamate-gated chloride channel and forms a functional channel in Xenopus oocytes; mutations genetically interact with avr-14 and avr-15 mutations such that triple mutants exhibit high level resistance to ivermectin. F11A5.12 O17795 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F11A5.13 O17783 F11A5.15 Q7YTP5 F11A5.2 O17787 F11A5.3 O17788 F11A5.4 O17789 F11A5.5 O17784 F11A5.6 O17790 F11A5.7 O17791 F11A5.8 O17792 F11A5.9 O17785 F11A6.1a O17797 kpc-1 encodes two isoforms of a Kex2/subtilisin-like proprotein convertase that is a member of the subtilase family of calcium-dependent serine endoproteinases that includes mammalian furin (OMIM:136950) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kex2p; KPC-1 is required for normal growth and locomotion and is likely responsible for the processing of transforming growth factor (TGF) beta proproteins encoded by daf-7, dbl-1, and unc-129. F11A6.1b O17798 Subtilase family of serine proteases F11A6.2 O62149 Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells occurs because of a phospholipid scramblase and inactivation of an aminophospolipid translocase that would normally keep the PS on the interior of the cell; by virtue of its similarity to mammalian scramblase, ZK1053.5 may promote clearage of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis. F11C1.1 Q19342 F11C1.2 Q19343 F11C1.3 Q19344 F11C1.4 Q19347 F11C1.5a Q19346 F11C1.5b Q7JMA4 F11C1.6a Q19345 nhr-25 encodes a nuclear hormone receptor orthologous to Drosophila Ftz-F1; NHR-25 is required for embryogenesis, molting, vulval and gonadal development, and hypodermal expression of acn-1; nhr-25 is expressed in gonads and loaded into embryos as a maternal transcript; nhr-25 is zygotically expressed in progeny of the E cell, and then in hypodermis and gut; the role of NHR-25 in molting may be evolutionarily conserved between nematodes and arthopods. F11C3.1 O02243 F11C3.2 O18685 unc-122 encodes a predicted type II transmembrane protein with extracellular collagen-like domains and a highly conserved olfactomedin (OLF) domain that is found in a family of secreted proteins involved in formation and function of nervous systems; UNC-122 is required for proper locomotion and for normal morphology of the DVB motorneuron, and may regulate neuromuscular function by acting in an aminergic/peptidergic pathway parallel to cholinergic neurotransmission; although mosaic analysis indicates that UNC-122 activity is required in muscle cells, the precise expression and localization patterns of UNC-122 are not yet known. F11C3.3 P02566 Paramyosin (UNC-15) accumulation is decreased in the absence of myosin B (UNC-54), and myosin accumulation is reduced in the absence of paramyosin (UNC-15). F11C7.1 Q19351 F11C7.2 Q19349 F11C7.3a Q19348 F11C7.3b Q8MQ79 Venom-Allergen-like Protein F11C7.4 Q19350 crb-1 and a second crb-like gene, eat-20, are not essential for epithelial development in C. elegans. F11C7.5 O45346 F11C7.6 Q8MQ77 F11C7.7 Q8MQ78 F11D11.1 O62150 F11D11.10 O62158 F11D11.3 O62153 F11D11.4 O62152 F11D11.5 O62154 F11D11.6 O62155 F11D11.7 O62156 F11D11.8 O62157 F11D5.1a Q9GYP7 F11D5.1b Q95ZV5 F11D5.3a Q95ZV7 F11D5.3 encodes a putative tyrosine kinase homologous to human RS1 (OMIM:312700, mutated in juvenile X-linked retinoschisis). F11D5.3b Q95ZV6 F11D5.5 Q9GYQ1 F11D5.6 Q9GYP8 F11D5.7 Q5WRR9 F11E6.10 Q7YTP6 F11E6.11 Q5WRM9 F11E6.1a Q9XTB0 F11E6.1 is homologous to to the human gene GLUCOCEREBROSIDASE (GBA; OMIM:606463), which when mutated leads to Gaucher disease. F11E6.1b Q9BH43 glucosylceramidase (O-glycosyl hydrolase) F11E6.1c Q8MQ76 F11E6.2 Q9U3J9 F11E6.3 Q9U3J8 F11E6.4 Q9XVQ8 F11E6.5 Q9XVQ9 Since the elo-1; elo-2 phenotype is more severe that that of fat-3(wa22) animals (which also lack C20 PUFA), lethality may reflect factors such as a (possibly toxic) accumulation of saturated C16:0 FA. F11E6.6 Q9U3J7 F11E6.7 Q9XVR0 F11E6.8 Q9XVQ7 F11E6.9 Q8MQ75 F11F1.1a O45350 F11F1.1b Q9TW52 F11F1.2 O45347 F11F1.4 Q9XVQ6 F11F1.5 Q9XVQ5 F11F1.6 O45348 F11F1.7 O45349 F11G11.1 P91254 gst-8 encodes a predicted glutathione S-transferase. F11G11.10 P91248 The morphology of the C. elegans L1 cuticle is typical of that seen in cuticles of many nematode species, and therefore may represent a 'primitive' cuticle morphology; more elaborate cuticles at later stages may be evolutionary specializations arising from the diversification of collagens expressed in post-L1 stages, such as col-17. F11G11.11 P91249 col-20 encodes a collagen; its expression pattern and mutant phenotypes are unknown. F11G11.12 P91250 F11G11.13 P91251 F11G11.2 P91253 gst-7 encodes a predicted glutathione S-transferase. F11G11.3 P91252 gst-6 encodes a predicted glutathione S-transferase. F11G11.4 P91246 F11G11.5 P91245 F11G11.7 P91243 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. F11G11.8 Q22693 F11G11.9 P91247 F11H8.1 Q19360 Defects in cul-3(RNAi) embryos strongly resemble those seen for rfl-1, suggesting a possible interaction. F11H8.2 Q19358 F11H8.3 P18833 The morphology of the C. elegans L1 cuticle is typical of that seen in cuticles of many nematode species, and therefore may represent a 'primitive' cuticle morphology; more elaborate cuticles at later stages may be evolutionary specializations arising from the diversification of collagens expressed in post-L1 stages, such as col-8. F11H8.4a Q7JP76 Mutation of human DIAPH1 leads to non-syndromic deafness DFNA1 (OMIM:124900). F11H8.4b Q7JP75 required for a late step in embryonic cytokinesis F12A10.1 Q09943 F12A10.2 Q09944 F12A10.3 Q09945 F12A10.4 Q09946 F12A10.4 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F12A10.4 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F12A10.5 Q09980 F12A10.6 Q09947 F12A10.7 P50438 F12A10.8 Q09949 F12B6.1 O01790 F12B6.2a Q95R09 F12B6.2b Q95R10 F12B6.2c Q8T3H0 F12B6.3 O01792 F12D9.1a Q19362 F12D9.1b Q7JP88 F12D9.2 Q19363 F12E12.1 Q9BLB9 F12E12.2 Q9BLC0 F12E12.3 Q9BLC1 F12E12.4 Q9BLC3 F12E12.5 Q9BLC4 F12E12.6 Q9BLC2 F12E12.7 Q9BLB8 F12F3.1a P91256 F12F3.1b Q5WRQ6 EXPulsion defective (defecation) F12F3.1c Q5WRQ7 EXPulsion defective (defecation) F12F3.1d Q5WRQ8 EXPulsion defective (defecation) F12F6.1 Q19372 F12F6.2 Q19365 F12F6.5 Q19370 F12F6.6 Q19371 sec-24.1 encodes one of two C. elegans Sec24 homologs; in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sec24 is a member of the Sec24-Sec23 subunit of the COPII coat complex, assembly of which is essential for the first step of secretory protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi; by homology with Sec24, SEC-24.1 is predicted to facilitate vesicle cargo selection, and likely contains multiple, independent sites for binding to secreted proteins; loss of sec-24.1 activity via RNAi indicates that SEC-24.1 is required for cuticle secretion and oogenesis. F12F6.7 Q19366 F12F6.8 Q19367 F12F6.9 Q19368 F13A2.1 O16896 F13A2.2 O16895 F13A2.3 O16894 F13A2.4 O16893 F13A2.5 O16892 F13A2.6 O16891 F13A2.8 O16890 F13A7.1 O17799 F13A7.10 O45352 F13A7.11 O45351 F13A7.12 Q7YTN9 F13A7.13 Q7YTN8 F13A7.2 O17800 F13A7.3 O45353 F13A7.7 Q9XTW0 F13A7.8 O45356 F13A7.9 O45357 skr-11 is paralogous to the closely related group of paralogs skr-7 through skr-10, but has no closely related paralogs. F13B10.1a O17801 The TIR domain may act to bind other proteins, transducing signals either to or from F13B10.1A/B. F13B10.1b O17802 SAM domain (Sterile alpha motif) F13B10.1c Q86DA5 TIR (Toll and Interleukin 1 Receptor) domain protein F13B10.1d Q7JMF5 TIR (Toll and Interleukin 1 Receptor) domain protein F13B10.1e Q7JMF4 TIR (Toll and Interleukin 1 Receptor) domain protein F13B10.2a P50880 rpl-3 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L3 protein required in mass RNAi assays for embryonic and larval viability, fertility, and general health; the rpl-3 transcription unit has a nonsense transcript that is up-regulated in vivo by smg[-] mutations, indicating that rpl-3 is a natural substrate for SMG-mediated nonsense suppresssion; several other natural mRNA substrates of SMG suppression (e.g., rpl-7, rpl-10, rpl-12) have protein products that are involved in translation. F13B10.2c Q6BEU5 Ribosomal Protein, Large subunit F13B10.2d Q6BEU6 Ribosomal Protein, Large subunit F13B12.1 Q19375 F13B12.2 Q19376 F13B12.3 Q19377 F13B12.4 Q19374 F13B12.5 O76469 INS-1 contains the internal C peptide that is present and proteolytically cleaved from mammalian insulin, a metabolic regulator, but absent from IGF-I and IGF-II, mitogenic stimulators. F13B12.6 Q8WP81 F13B12.7 Q7JLR2 F13B6.1 O44481 F13B6.2 O44482 F13B6.3 O44483 F13B9.1a Q19386 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F13B9.1b Q95ZV3 F13B9.1c Q7JP85 F13B9.2 Q19385 F13B9.5 Q19380 F13B9.6 Q19379 F13B9.8a Q19383 F13B9.8b Q6AHP8 S. cerevisiae FIS1-related F13C5.1 O76564 F13C5.2 O76561 F13C5.3 O76562 F13C5.4 O76563 F13C5.5 O76565 F13C5.6a O76566 gei-10 encodes a novel protein conserved with C. briggsae BP:CBP01944 that interacts with GEX-3 in yeast two-hybrid assays. F13C5.6b Q95X27 GEX Interacting protein F13D11.1 Q19390 F13D11.2 Q9XYD3 hbl-1 encodes a protein that contains nine putative zinc finger domains of the C2H2 type and affects embryonic viability, locomotion, egg laying, body morphology, and hypodermal differentiation; expressed in hypodermal precursor cells, neuronal precursor cells, and pharyngeal cells during embryogenesis and is primarily expressed in neurons during larval development. F13D11.3 Q19388 F13D11.4 Q19391 F13D12.10 Q8I4L5 F13D12.2 Q27888 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F13D12.3 Q19395 F13D12.4a P52713 alh-8 is orthologous to the human gene METHYLMALONATE-SEMIALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE (ALDH6A1; OMIM:603178), which when mutated leads to MMSDH deficiency. F13D12.4b Q7JMI1 ALdehyde deHydrogenase F13D12.5 Q19393 F13D12.6 P52715 F13D12.6 is orthologous to the human gene SIMILAR TO PROTECTIVE PROTEIN FOR BETA-GALACTOSIDASE (GALACTOSIALIDOSIS) (PPGB; OMIM:256540), which when mutated leads to disease. F13D12.7 P17343 gpb-1 encodes a heterotrimeric G protein beta subunit that is required during embryonic development for the proper orientation of the mitotic spindle during early cell divisions and thus affects the orientation of early cell division axes, and is also required for larval viability, negatively regulates locomotion and egg-laying, and may affect germline development and osmotic balance; expressed in early embryos with highest expression at cell membranes and colocalizes with asters just before and during early cell divisions (this localization is dependent upon G alpha subunits); adults display high levels of expression in neurons with lower expression in the somatic gonad, vulva, and hypodermal seam cells and expression is also detected in the intestine, pharynx, body wall muscles and in the germline. F13D12.8 Q9XVX4 F13D12.9 Q9XTE1 F13D2.1 Q93191 F13D2.2 Q19399 F13D2.3 Q19397 F13D2.4 Q19398 F13E6.1 P55326 F13E6.2 O17803 F13E6.3 Q19401 F13E6.4 Q19404 F13E6.5 Q19403 F13E6.6 Q19402 tag-118/F13E6.6 is orthologous to the human gene RHO GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR 12 (ARHGEF12; OMIM:604763), which, when fused to the MLL gene (OMIM:159555), leads to primary acute myeloid leukemia. F13E9.1 Q19407 F13E9.10 Q19415 F13E9.11 Q95NK9 F13E9.12 Q8MYQ5 F13E9.2 Q19409 F13E9.3 Q19408 F13E9.4 Q19414 F13E9.5 Q19410 F13E9.6 Q19411 F13E9.7 Q19412 F13E9.8 Q19406 F13E9.9 Q19413 F13G11.1a Q9U3J5 F13G11.1b O62159 F13G11.2 Q9XU44 F13G3.1 Q19418 F13G3.10 P90836 F13G3.11 Q95QL2 F13G3.12 Q7YX39 F13G3.2 Q19419 F13G3.3 Q19417 F13G3.4 Q19416 F13G3.6 Q19421 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F13G3.7a Q19422 F13G3.8 Q27295 In normal worms, the corpus and terminal bulb have synchronized contractions even when the entire pharyngeal nervous system has been ablated. F13G3.9 P90835 F13H10.1 Q19424 F13H10.2 Q19427 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. F13H10.3a Q19425 F13H10.3b Q8T3E2 Yeast YEH4 like protein F13H10.4 Q19426 F13H10.4 is orthologous to the human gene A-GLUCOSIDASE I (GCS1; OMIM:601336), which when mutated leads to disease. F13H10.5 O45359 F13H10.6 Q8T3E3 F13H6.1 O16349 F13H6.3 Q07085 F13H6.4 O16352 F13H6.5 O16353 F13H8.10a Q9BI98 bpl-1 encodes an ortholog of biotin ligase/holocarboxylase synthetase (called biotin ligase in bacteria, and holocarboxylase synthetase in mammalian or animal systems); it is orthologous to human HOLOCARBOXYLASE SYNTHETASE (HLCS; OMIM:253270), which when mutated leads to HLCS deficiency. F13H8.10b Q8IG27 Biotin Protein Ligase F13H8.10c Q8IG26 Biotin Protein Ligase F13H8.11 Q95QL1 F13H8.12 Q8IG28 F13H8.1a Q19435 F13H8.1b Q65ZJ8 F13H8.2 Q19433 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F13H8.3 Q19431 F13H8.4 Q19430 F13H8.5 Q19429 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F13H8.6 Q19436 F13H8.7 Q19437 F13H8.8 Q19432 F13H8.9 Q19434 F14A5.1 Q19438 F14B4.1 Q93473 F14B4.2a Q19440 F14B4.2b Q6BET1 F14B4.3 Q27493 F14B6.1 O62161 F14B6.2 O62162 F14B6.3 O62160 F14B6.4 O62163 F14B6.5 O62164 F14B6.6 O62165 F14B8.1a Q8T5R9 nhx-4 encodes two isoforms of a sodium/proton exchanger expressed in the plasma membrane of nearly all cells and cell types; in polarized epithelial cells, NHX-4::GFP appears specifically located in the basolateral membrane, like human SLC9A1 ('NHE1'; OMIM:107310); nhx-4 has no reported mutant or RNAi phenotype, but, given its ubiquitous expression, may represent a housekeeping exchanger generally required for cellular viability; transgenic NHX-4A, when expressed in cell culture, mediates Na[+]-dependent pH recovery after intracellular acidification, independently of extracellular Cl[-]. F14B8.1b Q19444 NA(+)/H(+) antiporter F14B8.2 Q19443 F14B8.3 Q19442 F14B8.4 Q19441 F14B8.5a Q95QK8 F14B8.5b Q95QK9 F14B8.6 Q19446 F14B8.7 Q95QL0 F14D12.1a Q19448 F14D12.1b Q95QK7 F14D12.2 P50464 UNC-97 is expressed in body wall and vulval muscles and at adherens junctions. F14D12.4a Q27433 MEC-2 protein is coimmunoprecipitated with MEC-4d or MEC-10d (consititutively active mutant forms of the amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels MEC-4 or MEC-10). F14D12.4b Q8MQ74 MEChanosensory abnormality F14D12.4c Q5WRS3 MEChanosensory abnormality F14D12.5 Q19447 F14D12.6a Q7JP62 F14D12.6b Q7JP61 Temporarily Assigned Gene name F14D2.1 O44810 F14D2.10 O44806 F14D2.11 O44803 F14D2.12 Q8MXH8 F14D2.13 Q6A585 F14D2.14 Q7KPU6 F14D2.15 Q6A584 F14D2.2 O44809 F14D2.4a O44805 F14D2.4b Q7KPU5 F14D2.5 O44802 F14D2.6 O44800 F14D2.7 O44801 F14D2.8 O44804 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F14D2.9 O44807 F14D7.1 Q19454 F14D7.10 Q7YX37 F14D7.11 Q7YX36 F14D7.2 Q19452 F14D7.3 Q19455 F14D7.5 Q19457 F14D7.6 Q19453 F14D7.7 Q19451 F14D7.8 Q19450 F14D7.9 Q7YX38 F14E5.1 Q19463 F14E5.2a Q19459 F14E5.2b Q6BEU4 F14E5.3 Q19460 F14E5.4 Q19461 F14E5.5 Q19462 F14E5.6 Q95QK6 F14F11.1a Q19464 F14F11.1b Q8I0I3 F14F11.1c Q8I0P0 F14F11.1d Q8I4L4 F14F11.1e Q8I4L3 F14F11.1f Q8I4L2 F14F11.1g Q8I4L1 F14F11.1h Q7JM92 F14F11.2 Q19465 F14F3.1a Q17359 The vab-3 gene (also known as mab-18) encodes an ortholog of human PAX6, which when mutated leads to aniridia (OMIM:106210). F14F3.1b Q95ZV2 Variable ABnormal morphology F14F3.1c Q17357 Variable ABnormal morphology F14F3.2 Q19467 F14F3.3 Q19468 F14F3.4 Q7YX35 F14F4.1 O62169 F14F4.3a Q7JKH2 The MRP-5A and MRP-5B proteins are predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F14F4.3b O62170 Multidrug Resistance Protein family F14F7.1 O17805 F14F7.2 O17806 F14F7.3 O17807 F14F7.4 O17804 F14F7.5 O45360 F14F8.1 Q9XU38 F14F8.10 Q7YTN4 F14F8.11 Q7YTN3 F14F8.12 Q7YTN2 F14F8.13 Q5WRL3 F14F8.3 Q9XU34 F14F8.4 Q9XU33 F14F8.5 Q9XU36 F14F8.6 Q9XU32 F14F8.7 Q9XU31 F14F8.8 Q9XU39 F14F8.9 Q9XU37 F14F9.1 Q9GUC3 F14F9.2 Q9GUC5 F14F9.3 Q9GUC7 F14F9.4 Q9GUC8 F14F9.5 Q9GUC9 F14F9.6 Q9GUC4 F14F9.7 Q9GUC6 F14H12.1 Q966K5 F14H12.2 Q966K6 F14H12.3 Q966K7 F14H12.4a Q966K9 F14H12.4b Q966K8 F14H12.6 Q966K4 F14H12.7 Q966K3 F14H12.8 Q966K2 F14H3.1 O17809 F14H3.10 O45364 F14H3.11 O45365 F14H3.12 O45370 F14H3.2 O45363 F14H3.3 O45362 F14H3.4 O45366 F14H3.5 O45361 F14H3.6 O45367 F14H3.7 Q9XU99 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F14H3.8 O45368 F14H3.9 O45369 F14H8.1 Q93485 F14H8.2 Q93482 F14H8.4 Q93484 F14H8.5 Q93483 F14H8.6 Q93486 F15A2.1 Q19470 F15A2.2 Q19472 F15A2.3 Q19473 F15A2.4 Q19474 F15A2.5 Q19475 efn-3(ev696) enhances the embryonic lethality of single efn-1(e96) mutants and double efn-1(e96); efn-2(ev658) mutants, indicating a minor but detectable role for efn-3 in allowing progression through the initial phases of embryonic epiboly. F15A2.6 Q19469 Sequence similarity between SAD-1 and the PAR-1 and MARK-type protein kinases suggest that SAD-1 could play a role in organizing the microtubule network adjacent to synapses to determine the site of vesicle accumulation. F15A2.7 Q19471 F15A4.1 O17816 F15A4.10 O17811 F15A4.11 Q9U3J3 F15A4.12 Q9U3J2 F15A4.13 Q9NAQ6 F15A4.2 O17817 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F15A4.3 O17818 F15A4.4 O17819 F15A4.5 O17814 F15A4.6 O17815 F15A4.7 O17820 F15A4.8a O17813 F15A4.8b Q8I123 F15A4.9 O17812 F15A8.1 O02149 F15A8.4 O02145 F15A8.5a Q86ME6 F15A8.5b Q86ME5 DOPamine receptor F15A8.5c Q86ME4 DOPamine receptor F15A8.5d Q86ME3 DOPamine receptor F15A8.6 O02147 F15A8.7 O02150 F15B10.1 O44166 This presumably reflects the paralogy of F15B10.1 to C50F4.14, whose human ortholog is mutated in leukocyte adhesion deficiency II. F15B10.2 O44165 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F15B10.3 O44167 F15B9.1 Q19478 F15B9.2 Q19477 On the basis of its paralogy to FAR-3, FAR-4 is likely to be rich in alpha-helical structure (as indicated for FAR-3 by circular dichroism) and poor in beta-sheet. F15B9.3 Q19480 far-5 encodes a member of a class of fatty acid-and retinol-binding proteins that are known to be secreted by parasitic nematodes and plants; far-5 binds lipid in fluorescence-based assays, however, the precise function of far-5 is not known. F15B9.4 Q19479 F15B9.5 Q19476 F15B9.6 Q19481 F15B9.7 Q19482 STAN regulates epithelial polarity, by participating in a FRIZZLED-dependent signalling pathway; CDH-6 has no known function. F15B9.8 Q9XVU5 F15B9.9 Q7YXD2 F15C11.1 Q17396 F15C11.2a Q7JK76 F15C11.2b Q8MM76 Ubiquitin family F15C11.2c Q8MLZ6 Ubiquitin family F15D3.1a Q9TW65 DYS-1 protein is bound by DYB-1 both in yeast two-hybrid assays and in vitro. F15D3.1b Q9TW65 dystrophin F15D3.2 O62171 F15D3.3 O62172 F15D3.4 Q9XVQ1 F15D3.5 Q9XVQ3 F15D3.6 O62173 F15D3.7 Q9XVQ2 F15D3.8 O62174 F15D4.1 O45899 btf-1 encodes a member of the TBP-associated family (TAF), with weak similarity to human TBP-associated factor 172. F15D4.2 Q93510 F15D4.3 Q93511 F15D4.4 Q93512 F15D4.5 Q93513 F15D4.6 Q93514 F15D4.7 Q93515 F15D4.8 Q7YX32 flp-16 encodes a predicted FMRFamide-like peptide neurotransmitter that inhibits action potentials in the pharyngeal muscle when applied to the pharynx of dissected worms. F15E6.1 O44498 F15E6.2 O44497 F15E6.3 Q27285 F15E6.4 O44495 F15E6.5 O44493 F15E6.6 O61198 F15E6.7 O44492 F15E6.8 O44494 F15E6.9 O44496 F15G9.1a Q10033 F15G9.1b Q10033 F15G9.1c Q8I4L0 F15G9.2 Q10034 F15G9.3 Q10035 F15G9.4a Q8I0L3 HIM-4/hemicentin acts in vivo to organize cellular attachments into oriented line-shaped junctions, in both epithelium and other tissues. F15G9.4b O76518 IG (immunoglobulin) superfamily (47 domains) F15G9.5 Q10037 F15G9.6 Q7YX23 F15H10.1 P20630 col-12 encodes a member of the collagen superfamily containing collagen triple helix repeats (20 copies); expressed throughout development but expression peaks after each larval molt when new cuticle is being secreted and deposited, and after the L4 to adult larval molt. F15H10.2 P20631 The morphology of the C. elegans L1 cuticle is typical of that seen in cuticles of many nematode species, and therefore may represent a 'primitive' cuticle morphology, which genes like col-13 may promote; more elaborate cuticles at later stages may be evolutionary specializations arising from the diversification of collagens expressed in post-L1 stages. F15H10.3 Q19487 apc-10 encodes a homolog of the fission yeast anaphase promoting complex subunit APC10; apc-10(RNAi) animals are generally unable to progress through meiotic divisions; initially they produce reduced numbers of viable embryos mixed with inviable embryos, but then show severe germline maintenance defects and become sterile. F15H10.4 O45917 F15H10.5 Q19489 F15H10.6 Q19485 F15H10.7 Q19486 F15H10.8 Q9TVR2 F15H9.1 O45371 F15H9.2 O45372 F15H9.3 O62176 F15H9.4 O62177 F16A11.1 P90839 F16A11.2 P90838 F16A11.3a Q69YX6 F16A11.3b Q69YX5 F16A11.3c Q69YX7 F16B12.1 Q93518 F16B12.2 Q93519 F16B12.4 Q93517 F16B12.5 Q93521 F16B12.6 Q93520 F16B12.7 Q93522 F16B12.8 Q93516 F16B3.1 O44164 egl-2 encodes a voltage-gated potassium channel that affects egg laying, muscle activation, defecation, mechanosensation, and chemosensation; expressed in the intestinal muscle, AFD, ALN, AQR, ASE, AWC, BAG, IL2, PLN, PQR, and URX neurons as well as a subset of sensory neurons in the male tail. F16B3.2 Q6EZH0 F16B4.1 O61203 F16B4.10 O44636 F16B4.11 O44637 F16B4.12a Q8MNW2 F16B4.12b O44638 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family F16B4.2a O44634 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F16B4.2b Q6EZG9 F16B4.3 O44633 F16B4.4 O44632 F16B4.5a O44631 F16B4.5b Q965K8 F16B4.6 O44630 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F16B4.7 O44629 F16B4.8 O44628 cdc-25.2 encodes a putative homolog of Cdc25 phosphatase protein family that affects germline proliferation. F16B4.9 O44635 F16C3.1 Q9XVQ0 F16C3.2 Q9U3I9 F16C3.3 Q6BES0 F16D3.1 Q19490 tba-5 encodes one of nine C. elegans alpha tubulins; by homology, TBA-5 is predicted to be a component of microtubules; as loss of tba-5 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, TBA-5 likely functions redundantly with other alpha tubulins as a basic component of cellular architecture that may play additional roles in processes such as cell division, cell movement, and intracellular transport. F16D3.2 Q19491 F16D3.4 Q19493 Both human ARL2 and S. pombe Alp41, orthologs of EVL-20, bind tubulin-folding cofactor D; it is thus possible that EVL-20 binds F16D3.4, the C. elegans ortholog of this cofactor. F16D3.6 Q19494 F16D3.7 Q9XTF5 F16F9.1 Q94184 F16F9.2 Q94185 dpy-6 was identified in screens for recessive mutations that affect body morphology; dpy-6 mutations result in animals that are smaller and stouter than wild type; the molecular identity of dpy-6 is not yet known. F16F9.3 Q94186 F16F9.4 Q94187 F16F9.5 P34886 An amiloride-sensitive current can also be induced by coexpression of normal MEC-4 and MEC-10 with MEC-2. F16G10.1 O76599 F16G10.10 O76595 F16G10.11 O76596 F16G10.13 O76597 F16G10.14 O76598 F16G10.15 O76600 F16G10.2 O76590 F16G10.3 O76589 F16G10.4 O76588 F16G10.5 O76587 F16G10.6 O76591 F16G10.7 O76592 F16G10.8 O76593 F16G10.9 O76594 F16H11.1 Q19498 F16H11.2 Q19497 F16H11.3 Q19495 F16H11.4 P53547 ceh-1 encodes a protein that contains a homeobox domain. F16H11.5 Q19496 F16H6.1 Q9XV91 F16H6.10 Q9XV96 F16H6.2 Q9XTD4 F16H6.3 Q9XV90 F16H6.4 Q9XV89 F16H6.5 Q9XV88 F16H6.6 Q9XV93 F16H6.7 Q9XV94 F16H6.8 Q9XV95 F16H6.9 Q9XV92 F16H9.1a P49808 rgs-2 encodes a regulator of G protein signaling; by homology, RGS-2 is predicted to function as a GTPase-activating protein for heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunits, and in vitro RGS-2 can stimulate the GTPase activity of purified GOA-1; in vivo, rgs-2 appears to function redundantly with rgs-1 to regulate egg-laying behavior when animals are refed following starvation; rgs-2 is expressed in pharyngeal and uterine muscles and in a subset of neurons, including neurons in the ventral cord and head- and tail-ganglia. F16H9.1b Q9TVK0 Regulator of G protein Signaling F16H9.2 Q19500 F17A2.1 Q19501 F17A2.10 Q19508 F17A2.11 Q19507 F17A2.12 Q19509 F17A2.13 Q19510 F17A2.3 Q19511 F17A2.4 Q19502 F17A2.5 Q19503 a homeodomain protein homologous to Extradenticle (Exd) from Drosophila, genetically interacts with ceh-20. F17A2.6 O17821 F17A2.7 Q19505 F17A2.8 O17823 F17A2.9 O17822 F17A9.1 O16217 F17A9.1 encodes a divergent ONECUT class CUT homeobox protein with a single N-terminal cut domain; F17A9.1 has an atypical tyrosine residue at position 48 of its homeodomain rather than a phenylalanine or tryptophan residue; the cut domain may be a compact DNA-binding domain composed of alpha helices; phylogenetically, F17A9.1 is (somewhat distantly) affiliated with C17H12.9, Drosophila ONECUT, and mammalian HNF6 proteins; F17A9.1 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. F17A9.2 O16216 F17A9.3 O16213 F17A9.4 O16214 F17A9.5 O16215 F17A9.6 O16218 F17A9.6 encodes a divergent ONECUT class CUT homeobox protein with a single N-terminal cut domain; F17A9.6 has an atypical tyrosine residue at position 48 of its homeodomain rather than a phenylalanine or tryptophan residue; the cut domain may be a compact DNA-binding domain composed of alpha helices; phylogenetically, F17A9.6 is (somewhat distantly) affiliated with C17H12.9, Drosophila ONECUT, and mammalian HNF6 proteins; F17A9.6 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. F17B5.1 O45373 F17B5.2 O45374 F17B5.3 O45375 F17B5.4 O45376 F17B5.5 Q9XTG3 F17C11.1 Q19521 F17C11.10 Q19520 F17C11.11 Q9BI97 F17C11.12 Q9BI96 F17C11.13 Q5WRN7 F17C11.2 Q19513 F17C11.3 Q19514 F17C11.4 Q19515 F17C11.5 Q19516 F17C11.6 Q19517 F17C11.7a Q19518 F17C11.7b Q5WRN6 F17C11.8 Q19519 F17C11.9a P54412 F17C11.9b Q8I4K9 F17C8.1 Q19523 The lack of overt acy-1 mutant phenotypes may be due to partial genetic redundancy with acy-2, acy-3, and acy-4. F17C8.2 Q19528 F17C8.3 Q19527 F17C8.4 Q19524 F17C8.5 Q19525 twk-6 encodes one of 44 C. elegans TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channel subunits that contain two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane domains; as loss of TWK-6 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of TWK-6 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; TWK-6 may, however, function redundantly with other TWK channels; TWK-6 is expressed in the hypodermis. F17C8.6 Q19526 F17C8.7 Q7YTH0 F17E5.1a P54936 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F17E5.1b P54936 erythrocyte membrane like protein F17E5.2 Q19529 F17E9.1 O61525 F17E9.10 P08898 his-32 encodes an H3 histone; by homology, HIS-32 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-32 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in the HIS5 cluster on chromosome IV. F17E9.11 O61518 F17E9.12 P62784 his-31 encodes an H4 histone; his-31 is contained within the histone gene cluster HIS5. F17E9.13 P09588 his-33 encodes an H2A histone; by homology, HIS-33 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-33 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in the HIS5 cluster on chromosome IV. F17E9.2 O61524 F17E9.3 O61523 F17E9.4 O61522 F17E9.5 O61521 F17E9.7 O61520 F17E9.8 O61519 F17E9.9 P04255 his-34 encodes an H2B histone; his-34 is contained within the histone gene cluster HIS5. F17H10.1 Q19534 F17H10.2 Q19531 F17H10.3 Q19532 F17H10.4 Q19533 F18A1.1 Q19540 F18A1.2 Q9U5Z4 The effects of LIN-26 in promoting epithelial phenotypes are highly specific to this protein; a closely related paralog, LIR-1, has no obvious effect on development when ectopically expressed in embryos, despite having a primary sequence closely similar to that of LIN-26. F18A1.3a Q9Y050 LIR-1 has no obvious effect on development when ectopically expressed in embryos, despite having a primary sequence closely similar to that of LIN-26. F18A1.3b Q9Y051 LIn-26 Related F18A1.3c Q8I7K9 LIn-26 Related F18A1.3d Q6AHN8 LIn-26 Related F18A1.4a Q9Y049 F18A1.4b Q9U5Z3 LIn-26 Related F18A1.5 Q19537 F18A1.6a Q19535 F18A1.6b Q95QK5 F18A1.7 Q19536 F18A1.8 Q19541 F18A11.1 O01322 The puf-6 gene encodes a predicted RNA binding protein that is a member of the conserved PUF (Pumilio and FBF) family of RNA binding proteins; PUF-6 appears to function redundantly with other PUF family members during primordial germ cell development, and interacts with GEX-3, a predicted transmembrane protein that is essential for embryonic tissue morphogenesis. F18A11.2 O01324 F18A11.3 O01323 F18A11.4 Q9XTB1 F18A11.5 Q9XWL7 F18A11.6 Q9TVS5 F18A12.1 O16795 F18A12.1 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F18A12.1 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F18A12.2 O16794 F18A12.3 O16792 F18A12.3 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F18A12.3 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F18A12.4 O16791 F18A12.4 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F18A12.4 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F18A12.5 O16789 F18A12.5 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F18A12.5 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F18A12.6 O16790 F18A12.6 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F18A12.6 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F18A12.7 O16793 F18A12.8a O16796 F18A12.8 encodes two isoforms of a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F18A12.8A is closely paralogous to ZK20.6, and orthologous to CG9761 in Drosophila melanogaster; F18A12.8 is homologous, and possibly orthologous, to human ECE1 (OMIM:600423; mutation leads to Hirschsprung disease, cardiac defects, and autonomic dysfunction); more generally, F18A12.8A falls into a group of proteins that includes the classical neprilysins found in mammals (e.g., PEX [OMIM:307800] and the enkephalin cleaving enzymes). F18A12.8b Q8ITZ3 F18C12.1 Q19542 The dynein heavy chain (DHC) 1b isoform that affects the establishment and maintainance of the structural integrity of sensory cilia and also has a role in intraflagellar transport; it is expressed in ciliated sensory neurons. F18C12.2a Q93529 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. F18C12.2b O62178 DnaJ domain F18C12.3 O17584 F18C12.4 Q7YX25 F18C5.1 Q19549 F18C5.10 Q8MQ73 F18C5.2 Q19546 wrn-1 encodes an ortholog of human WRN, which when mutated leads to Werner syndrome (OMIM:277700), and one of four C. elegans homologs of the RecQ DNA helicase family that includes E. coli RecQ; by homology, WRN-1 is predicted to function as a helicase, DNA-dependent ATPase, and exonuclease that plays a key role in DNA replication, recombination, and repair; in C. elegans, loss of wrn-1 activity, via mutation or large-scale RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) screens, does not result in any obvious abnormalities, as animals are viable and fertile, have normal lifespans, and do not appear to have a high rate of genomic instability. F18C5.3 Q19545 F18C5.4 Q19547 F18C5.5 Q19548 F18C5.6 Q19550 F18C5.8 Q19552 F18C5.9 Q95QK4 F18E2.1 Q19553 F18E2.2 Q19554 F18E2.3 Q19555 The localization of REC-8 to chromosomes is completely disrupted in scc-3 mutants. F18E2.4 Q19556 F18E2.5 Q9XTB2 gpa-13 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases; it is expressed in ADF, ASH, AWC, PHA, and PHB. F18E2.6 Q7YX21 F18E3.2 Q19558 F18E3.4a Q19561 F18E3.5 Q19562 F18E3.6 Q19563 F18E9.1 Q19571 F18E9.2 Q19569 F18E9.3 Q19568 F18E9.4 Q19567 F18E9.5a Q19565 F18E9.5b Q95QK3 F18E9.6 Q19566 F18E9.7 Q19570 F18G5.1 Q19575 F18G5.2 Q19573 pes-8 encodes a novel protein that contains a proline-rich region and a predicted transmembrane domain, but no otherwise recognizably conserved domains; pes-8 was identified in promoter trapping screens and based on large-scale RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) screens, appears to be required for egg laying, germline development, locomotion, and regulation of adult lifespan; a pes-8 reporter is expressed at the cell surfaces of the spermathecal valve cell, the uterine wall, the vulva, and the rectal epithelium; strong expression is also detected in the uterus during its development; PES-8 may be required for normal morphology of the openings of the spermathecal valve, the vulva, and the rectum, a hypothesis consistent with its expression pattern and RNAi phenotype. F18G5.3 Q19572 gpa-12 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases; it is expressed in the pharynx and in the hypodermis. F18G5.4 P54245 F18G5.5 Q19574 F18G5.6 Q19576 F18H3.1 Q19577 F18H3.3a Q19579 pab-2 encodes a polyadenylate-binding protein 1 homolog with high similarity to human PABP 1. F18H3.3b Q19581 RNA recognition motif. (aka RRM, RBD, or RNP domain) (4 domains) F18H3.4 Q19580 F18H3.5a Q9XTB6 cdk-4 encodes two isoforms of a cyclin-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase orthologous to human CDK4 and CDK6 (OMIM:123829 and OMIM:603368, mutated in cutanous malignant melanoma) which complex with D-type cyclins to regulate progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle; CDK-4 activity is essential for G1 progression in postembryonic blast cells and as a result, cdk-4 mutant animals generally arrest during larval stages; the lethality generated by cdk mutations, also seen in animals doubly mutant for cdk-4 and cyd-1, a C. elegans D-type cyclin, can be suppressed by mutations in lin-35/Rb suggesting that, as in other organisms, LIN-35/Rb may be a major target of CDK-4/CYD-1 kinase activity; CDK-4 expression is first detected in neuronal and hypodermal lineages during mid-to-late embryogenesis, with postembryonic expression detected in hypodermal seam cells, cells of the P lineage which will give rise to ventral cord neurons, and cells of the somatic gonad, the vulva, and the intestine. F18H3.5b Q9XTR1 serine/threonine kinase (CDC2/CDKX subfamily) F19B10.1 O02076 F19B10.10 O02075 F19B10.11 O02066 F19B10.2 O02074 F19B10.3 O02070 F19B10.4 O02068 F19B10.5 O02067 F19B10.6 O02069 F19B10.7 O02071 F19B10.8 O02072 F19B10.9 O02073 F19B2.3 Q9XXT1 F19B2.5 Q9XXT0 F19B2.6 Q9XXS6 F19B2.7 Q9XXS5 F19B2.8 Q9U3I8 F19B6.1a Q19583 F19B6.1b Q9U3I7 F19B6.2a Q19584 F19B6.2b Q9U3I6 Ubiquitin Fusion Degradation (yeast UFD homolog) F19B6.3 Q19582 F19B6.4 Q19585 F19C6.1 Q09537 F19C6.2a Q09307 F19C6.2b Q9U3I5 F19C6.3 Q09538 F19C6.4 Q09539 F19C6.4 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F19C6.4 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F19C6.5 Q09308 F19C7.1 Q19591 F19C7.2 Q19589 F19C7.3 Q19588 F19C7.4 Q19590 F19C7.5 Q19587 F19C7.6 Q19586 F19C7.7 Q19592 F19C7.8a Q8MQ72 F19C7.8b Q8MQ71 F19D8.1 Q93531 twk-23 encodes one of 44 C. elegans TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channel subunits that contain two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane domains; the precise role of TWK-23 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known, however TWK-23 may function redundantly with other TWK channels; TWK-23 is expressed in neurons, muscle, the posterior intestine, and diffusely in many other tissues. F19D8.2 Q93530 F19F10.1 O01521 F19F10.10 O01525 F19F10.11a O01526 F19F10.11b O01526 F19F10.12 Q95ZM2 F19F10.3 O01516 F19F10.4 O01517 F19F10.5 O01519 F19F10.6 O01520 F19F10.7 O01522 F19F10.8 O01523 F19F10.9 O01524 The F19F10.9 gene encodes a homolog of the human SART1 gene, which encodes a protein recognised by IgE that may be involved in atopic disease. F19G12.1 Q19600 F19G12.2 Q19599 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F19G12.3 Q19598 F19G12.4 Q19597 F19G12.5 Q9GS13 F19G12.7 Q19594 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F19H6.1 Q19530 F19H6.2 Q19601 F19H6.3 Q19604 F19H6.4 Q19605 F19H6.5 Q19602 F19H6.6 Q19603 F19H6.7 Q7YX31 F19H8.1 O45380 tps-2 encodes one of two trehalose-6-phosphate synthase proteins in C. elegans, and RNAi of both enzymes leads to a more than 90% reduction decrease in trehalose levels, but does not appear to affect viability or development; the tps-2 mRNA is expressed throughout development. F19H8.2 O45378 F19H8.3 O45379 arl-3 encodes a member of the ARL (ADP-ribosylation factor(ARF)-like) family of proteins which are very similar to ARF proteins but lack the ability to stimulate ADP ribosylation by cholera toxin; as loss of arl-3 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of ARL-3 is not yet known. F19H8.4 O45381 F19H8.5 Q7YX27 F20A1.1 Q19615 F20A1.10 Q19616 F20A1.2 Q19612 F20A1.3 Q19607 F20A1.4 Q5WRR3 F20A1.6a Q19610 F20A1.6b Q6AC80 F20A1.7a Q19611 twk-11 encodes one of more than 40 TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channels in C. elegans that contain two pore regions and four transmembrane domains; orthologous to C. briggsae CBG19123 with some similarity to Drosophila CG6004. F20A1.7b Q95QK2 TWiK family of potassium channels F20A1.7c Q8I7K7 TWiK family of potassium channels F20A1.8 Q19613 F20A1.9 Q19614 F20B10.1 Q19617 F20B10.2 Q19619 F20B10.3 Q19618 F20B4.2 Q19623 F20B4.3 Q19622 F20B4.4 Q19621 F20B4.6 Q19624 F20B4.7 O45384 F20B6.1 Q19629 F20B6.2 Q19626 F20B6.3 Q19625 F20B6.4 Q19627 F20B6.5 Q19628 F20B6.6 Q19630 F20B6.7 Q19631 F20B6.8a Q19632 hpk-1 encodes a predicted dual-specificity protein kinase with distant homology to the vertebrate protein kinase DYRK1A and the Drosophila homolog mini-brain; increased expression of DYRK1A is implicated in the neuropathology of trisomy 21/Down syndrome; RNA interference of hpk-1 does not result in any detectable phenotype; the HPK-1::GFP fusion protein is localized to the nucleus and is expressed in cleavage stage embryos. F20B6.8b Q8MQ70 Homeodomain interacting Protein Kinase F20B6.8c Q8MQ69 Homeodomain interacting Protein Kinase F20B6.9 Q95ZV1 F20C5.1a Q867X0 F20C5.1b Q867X0 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases F20C5.1c Q5WRP7 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases F20C5.2a Q19633 klp-11 encodes a predicted kinesin protein with high similarity to OSM-3 in the motor domain and encodes one of the motor subunits of heterotrimeric CeKinesin-II; expressed throughout the nervous system. F20C5.2b Q8MQ68 kinesin F20C5.3 Q19634 F20C5.4 Q19635 F20C5.5 Q19636 F20C5.6 Q18379 F20C5.7 Q86D14 F20D1.1 Q93533 F20D1.10 Q9U3I4 F20D1.2 Q93534 F20D1.3 Q93535 F20D1.4 Q93537 F20D1.6 Q93538 F20D1.7 Q93539 F20D1.8 Q93532 F20D1.9 Q93540 F20D12.1 Q19645 F20D12.2 Q19643 F20D12.3 Q19640 bbs-2 is orthologous to human BBS2 (OMIM:606151, mutated in Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2); while the function of BBS-2 is unknown, it shares conserved domains with its human paralogs BBS1 and BBS7, which also are mutated in other Bardet-Biedl syndromes. F20D12.4 Q19642 F20D12.5 Q19641 F20D12.6a P26797 ceh-19 encodes a homeobox protein similar to Bar-like homeoproteins from Drosophila and vertebrates; it has no known function or expression pattern. F20D12.6b P26797 C.Elegans Homeobox F20D12.7 Q95QK1 F20D6.1 Q19653 F20D6.10 Q19654 F20D6.11 Q19655 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F20D6.12 Q5WRR5 F20D6.2 Q19652 F20D6.3 Q19651 F20D6.4a Q19650 F20D6.4b Q6QUQ6 SeRPin F20D6.4c Q6QUQ5 SeRPin F20D6.5 Q19647 F20D6.6 Q19646 F20D6.8 P90840 F20D6.9 Q19649 F20E11.1 Q9XV83 F20E11.10 Q9XV78 F20E11.12 Q9XV76 F20E11.2 Q9XV85 F20E11.4 Q9XV82 F20E11.5 Q9XV81 F20E11.6 Q9XV86 F20E11.7 Q9XV87 F20G2.1 Q93544 F20G2.2 Q93545 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F20G2.3 Q93546 F20G2.4 Q93542 F20G2.5 Q93543 F20G2.6 Q7YTN7 F20G4.1 P90841 F20G4.2 Q19657 F20G4.3 Q19658 F20H11.1 O01738 F20H11.2 O01737 F20H11.3 O02640 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F20H11.4 O01736 F20H11.5 O01739 F20H11.6 Q9TXZ8 F21A10.1 Q9XXN7 F21A10.2a Q9U3I3 F21A10.2b Q8MQ67 F21A10.2c Q8MM16 F21A10.4 Q9XXN6 F21A3.1 O17826 F21A3.2 O17825 F21A3.3 O17829 F21A3.4 O17827 F21A3.5 O17828 F21A3.6 O17824 F21A3.7 Q9XTE5 F21A9.1 O01528 F21A9.2 O01527 F21C10.1 Q19669 F21C10.10 Q19660 F21C10.11 Q95QK0 F21C10.12 Q8I7K6 F21C10.3a Q19667 F21C10.3b Q8MNT4 F21C10.4 Q19666 F21C10.5 Q19665 F21C10.6 Q19664 F21C10.7 Q19663 F21C10.8a Q19662 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F21C10.8b Q7JNW7 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein F21C10.9 Q19661 F21C3.1 Q19671 F21C3.3 P53795 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F21C3.4 Q19672 Uncloned locus that is required for the functional silencing of chromosomal loci by transgenes (cosuppression) and promotes the effects of RNAi in a step after the formation of a heritable interfering agent, also affects X-chromosome nondisjunction and transposon activation; functions downstream of rde-1 in the RNAi pathway most effective against RNAi against germline but not somatically expressed genes. F21C3.5 P52554 F21C3.6 Q19670 F21D12.1a Q86NH8 F21D12.1b Q19679 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family F21D12.1c Q86NH7 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family F21D12.1d Q19678 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family F21D12.2 Q19675 F21D12.3 Q19676 F21D12.5 Q19677 F21D5.1 Q19680 F21D5.2 Q19681 F21D5.3 Q19687 F21D5.4 Q19682 F21D5.5 Q19683 F21D5.6 Q19684 F21D5.7 Q19639 F21D5.8 Q19685 F21D5.9 Q19686 F21D9.1 Q9XV73 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F21D9.2 Q9U3I2 F21D9.3 Q9XV72 F21D9.4 Q9XV71 F21D9.5 Q9XV70 F21D9.6 Q9XV74 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F21D9.8 Q9XV69 F21E9.1 O16587 F21E9.2 O16585 F21E9.3 O16586 F21E9.4 O16588 F21E9.5 O16589 F21E9.6 O16590 F21F12.1 O02245 F21F3.1 P91268 F21F3.2 P91267 F21F3.3 P91266 F21F3.4 P91264 F21F3.5 Q23022 unc-38 encodes an alpha subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) superfamily; UNC-38 is required for normal locomotion and egg-laying, and functions as a subunit of a ligand-gated ion channel that likely mediates fast actions of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and in the nervous system; when coexpressed with UNC-29 and LEV-1, non-alpha nAChR subunits, the resulting multimer can form levamisole-gated channels. F21F3.6 P91269 F21F3.7 Q7JNC1 F21F8.1 O01538 F21F8.10 O01536 F21F8.11 O01537 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F21F8.2 O01533 F21F8.3 O01532 F21F8.4 O01531 F21F8.5 Q95Q58 F21F8.6 O01529 F21F8.7 O01530 aspartic protease. F21F8.9 O01535 F21G4.1 Q93550 F21G4.2 Q93552 The mrp-4 gene encodes a homolog of human CFTR, which when mutated leads to cystic fibrosis (OMIM:219700). F21G4.3 Q93551 F21G4.4 Q93548 F21G4.5 Q93549 F21G4.6 Q93547 F21G4.6 is orthologous to the human gene HUNTINGTIN (HD; OMIM:143100), which when mutated leads to disease. F21H11.3 Q19691 The tbx-2 gene is also homologous to human TBX5, which when mutated leads to Holt-Oram syndrome (OMIM:142900). F21H12.1 Q09309 F21H12.2 Q09310 F21H12.3 Q09311 F21H12.4 Q09540 F21H12.5 Q09312 fbf-2 encodes an RNA-binding protein that is one of 11 C. elegans members of the PUF family (Pumilio and FBF) of translational regulators; FBF-2 is nearly identical to FBF-1 with which it is largely redundant in regulating two aspects of germline development: 1)maintenance of stem cell proliferation, and 2)the hermaphroditic switch between spermatogenesis and oogenesis; in maintaining germline stem cells, the FBF proteins, acting through NOS-3, negatively regulate the activity of gld-1 mRNA, which encodes a translational repressor required for meiotic entry; in regulating the sperm-to-oocyte switch, the FBFs act downstream of GLD-3 to negatively regulate the activity of fem-3 mRNA, which encodes a novel protein required for germline sex determination; consistent with their role in germline development, FBF-1 and FBF-2 are expressed in the germline cytoplasm, becoming enriched in the mitotic region during the L4 larval and adult stages. F21H12.6 Q09541 F21H7.1 O45387 F21H7.10 O18090 F21H7.11 Q9BI92 F21H7.12 Q8I4K8 F21H7.14 Q7YTT4 F21H7.2 O45345 F21H7.3 Q9XTV9 F21H7.4 O45388 F21H7.5 O45386 F21H7.7 Q9XTV8 F21H7.9 O62179 gcy-20 encodes a predicted guanylate cyclase. F22A3.1 Q19695 F22A3.2 Q19694 F22A3.3 Q19693 F22A3.4 Q19696 F22A3.5 Q19697 F22A3.6a Q19698 F22A3.6b Q7Z294 F22B3.1 P62784 his-64 encodes an H4 histone. F22B3.2 P08898 his-63 encodes an H3 histone; by homology, HIS-63 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-63 is a replication-dependent histone locus. F22B3.4 Q19699 F22B3.5 Q19701 F22B3.7 Q19703 F22B3.8 Q19704 F22B3.9 Q7YX29 F22B5.1 Q19705 Both human ARL2 and S. pombe Alp41, orthologs of EVL-20, bind tubulin-folding cofactor D; it is thus possible that EVL-20 binds F16D3.4, the C. elegans ortholog of this cofactor. F22B5.10 Q19714 F22B5.2 Q19706 G encodes a homolog of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit 4 that affects embryonic viability, fertility, and growth. F22B5.3 Q19707 F22B5.4 Q19708 F22B5.5 Q19709 F22B5.6 Q19710 F22B5.7 O61442 F22B5.9 Q19713 F22B7.1 P34404 F22B7.10 P34413 After their migrations, the QL neuroblast but not QR neuroblast switches on the Hox gene mab-5; dpy-19 mutations show randomization of MAB-5 expression. F22B7.13 Q95QJ7 F22B7.2 P34405 F22B7.3 P34406 F22B7.4 P34407 F22B7.5a Q8TA83 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F22B7.5b Q95QJ6 DNaJ domain (prokaryotic heat shock protein) F22B7.6 P34409 F22B7.7 Q629K0 F22B7.9 P34412 F22B8.1 O17830 F22B8.3 O17831 F22B8.4 O45392 F22B8.5 O45393 F22B8.6 O45391 F22B8.7 O45394 F22D3.1a Q19720 ceh-38 encodes two proteins, by alternative splicing, that belong to the ONECUT class of homeodomain proteins (which includes mammalian hepatocyte nuclear factor-6); ceh-38 is expressed from embryos to adults, and in many different tissues (e.g., pharynx, gut, hypodermis and many nerve cells), but has no known function in vivo. F22D3.1b Q19720 C.Elegans Homeobox F22D3.2a Q19718 F22D3.2b Q6AHQ4 F22D3.4 Q19715 F22D3.5 Q19717 F22D3.6 Q19719 The second is an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, and the third is a caspase domain. F22D6.1 Q19726 kin-14 encodes a member of the tyrosine-specific subfamily of kinases that contains an SH2 domain, and has with similarity to the human proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase FER. F22D6.10 Q19725 F22D6.11 Q19730 GLY-18 is similar to 2/I N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. F22D6.12 Q19729 gly-19 encodes a protein similar to 2/I N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; it is probably coexpressed with gly-18 in the anal sphincter muscle. F22D6.14 Q9U3I1 F22D6.15 Q7YX34 F22D6.2 Q19723 F22D6.3a Q19722 F22D6.4 Q19724 F22D6.5 Q19727 F22D6.6 Q19731 F22D6.7 Q19728 F22D6.9 Q27494 F22E10.1 Q19733 F22E10.2 Q19734 pgp-13 encodes a member of the ABC transporter family with high similarity to the vertebrate MDR (multidrug resistance) family. F22E10.3 Q19735 pgp-14 encodes a member of the ABC transporter family with highest similarity to the vertebrate MDR (multidrug resistance) family. F22E10.4 Q19736 F22E10.5 Q19737 F22E12.1 O45916 F22E12.2 Q19739 F22E12.3 Q19740 F22E12.4a O45918 egl-9 is expressed in hypodermis, neurons and muscle cells; it is required for muscle function in egg-laying and for lethal paralysis by Pseudomonas aeroginosa PAO1. F22E12.4b Q8MM35 EGg Laying defective F22E5.1 O16719 F22E5.11 O16708 F22E5.12 O16709 F22E5.13 O16710 F22E5.16 O16718 F22E5.17 Q95X85 F22E5.2 O16716 F22E5.20 Q7KQ96 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F22E5.3 O16715 gcy-21 is predicted to encode a guanylate cyclase. F22E5.4 O16714 F22E5.6 O16711 F22E5.7 O16707 F22E5.8 O16706 F22E5.9 O16705 F22F1.1 Q19743 F22F1.2 Q19742 F22F1.3 Q19744 F22F4.1 Q19748 F22F4.2 Q19746 F22F4.3 Q9NDT1 klp-13 encodes an atypical kinesin-like motor protein similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kip3, which has been implicated in nuclear migration; as loss of KLP-13 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of KLP-13 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. F22F4.4 Q19747 F22F4.5 Q7JNW8 F22F7.1a Q9GZE9 F22F7.1b Q8IA58 F22F7.2 Q9GZF0 F22F7.3 Q9GZF2 F22F7.4 Q9GZF4 F22F7.5 Q9GZF3 F22F7.6 Q9GZF1 F22F7.7 Q9GZE8 F22G12.1 O45395 F22G12.2 O45396 F22G12.3 O45397 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F22G12.4 O45398 F22G12.5 O45377 F22G12.6 Q95QJ4 F22H10.1 Q94193 F22H10.2 Q94189 F22H10.3 Q94188 F22H10.4 Q94190 F22H10.5 Q94191 F22H10.6 Q94192 F23A7.1 Q93553 F23A7.3 Q93556 F23A7.4 Q93557 F23A7.5 Q93554 F23A7.6 Q93558 F23A7.7 Q7Z1J6 F23B12.1 Q27495 F23B12.3 Q19750 F23B12.4 Q19751 F23B12.5 Q19749 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F23B12.6 Q19752 F23B12.7 Q19753 F23B12.8 Q9XTM0 a homolog of BimC kinesin; affects embryogenesis, spindle and chromosome positioning during early embryogenesis, and genetically interacts with air-2. F23B12.9 Q7JLC9 egl-1 homozygous animals lack a velocity burst prior to egg laying, as well as the peak in the directional change probability following the egg laying. F23B2.10 O45400 F23B2.11 O02252 F23B2.12 O01979 F23B2.13 Q9U3I0 F23B2.3 O45402 F23B2.4 O45401 F23B2.5a P41855 flp-1 can encode up to seven distinct, yet highly similar, FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), small neuromodulatory peptides that are characterized by a C-terminal Arg-Phe-amide motif; in C. elegans, FLP-1 peptides are required for regulation of several behaviors, including well-coordinated, sinusoidal movement and the transition between active and inactive states of egg-laying; receptors for the FLP-1 peptides have not yet been identified, but genetic studies indicate that FLP-1 peptides may act through G-protein coupled receptors; flp-1 mRNAs are detected at all developmental stages, and a FLP-1 translational reporter fusion detects expression in the anteriorly positioned neurons AVK, AVA, AVE, RIG, RMG, AIY, AIA, and M5. F23B2.5c Q8I122 FMRF-Like Peptide F23B2.6 O62183 F23B2.7 O02249 F23B2.8 O02250 F23C8.1 Q9TXH7 F23C8.11 Q9TXH6 F23C8.12 Q9TXH5 F23C8.13 Q8T7Y4 F23C8.3 Q9TXH8 F23C8.4 Q9TXH9 F23C8.5 Q9TXI4 The F23C8.5 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene ELECTRON TRANSFER FLAVOPROTEIN BETA SUBUNIT (ETFB), which when mutated leads to glutaricaciduria type IIB (OMIM:130410). F23C8.6 Q9TXI3 F23C8.7 Q9TXI2 F23C8.8 Q9TXI1 F23C8.9 Q9TXI0 F23D12.1 Q19757 F23D12.2 Q19761 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F23D12.3 Q19759 F23D12.4 Q19758 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F23D12.5 Q19760 F23D12.6 Q8I4K7 F23D12.7 Q7YSL5 F23F1.1 O17072 F23F1.10 Q7KQ33 F23F1.2 O17068 F23F1.3 O17067 F23F1.4 O17065 F23F1.5 O17066 F23F1.6 O17069 F23F1.7 O17070 F23F1.8a O17071 rpt-4 encodes a predicted ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory complex of the proteasome that affects body morphology, embryonic viability, growth, movement, and fertility; interacts with itself in yeast two-hybrid assays. F23F1.9 Q95X83 F23F12.10 P46506 F23F12.11 P46501 F23F12.12 Q95QJ3 F23F12.3 P46499 F23F12.4 P46500 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F23F12.6 P46502 rpt-3 encodes a triple A ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome's 19S regulatory particle (RP) base subcomplex; RPT-3 is required for embryonic, larval, and germline development and by homology, is predicted to function in unfolding protein substrates and translocating them into the core proteolytic particle (CP) of the proteasome. F23F12.7 P46503 F23F12.8 P46504 F23F12.9a P46505 F23F12.9b Q8IG25 F23H11.1 O01918 F23H11.2 O01914 F23H11.3 O02642 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F23H11.4a O01915 F23H11.4b Q8I7N1 F23H11.5 O01917 Because of its expression pattern and its paralogy to BRA-1, it is possible that BRA-2 might negatively regulate TGF-beta signalling, perhaps by acting directly on the TGF-beta receptor SMA-6. F23H11.6 O01919 F23H11.7 O01920 F23H11.8a O01921 A C-terminal fragment of CePPEF containing two putative EF-hands binds between one and two Ca[2+] ions/protein, with mutation of putative Ca[2+]-binding residues diminishing the binding. F23H11.8b Q8MYR2 Phosphatase with EF hands F23H11.9a O01916 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F23H12.1 Q19767 F23H12.2 Q19766 F23H12.3 Q19762 F23H12.5 Q19764 F23H12.6 Q19768 gcy-13 encodes a predicted guanylate cyclase. F23H12.7 Q19765 F23H12.8 Q8I4K6 F23H12.9 Q8I4K5 F25A2.1 O16189 F25B3.1 Q18749 F25B3.2 Q19769 F25B3.3 Q19770 F25B3.4 Q27496 F25B3.5 Q19771 F25B3.6 P90845 F25B4.1 Q22968 F25B4.1 is orthologous to the human gene GLYCINE CLEAVAGE SYSTEM T-PROTEIN (AMT; OMIM:238310), which when mutated leads to glycine encephalopathy. F25B4.2 Q22967 F25B4.4 Q22963 F25B4.5 Q22961 F25B4.6 P54871 F25B4.6 is orthologous to the human gene 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL COA SYNTHASE (HMGCS2; OMIM:600234), which when mutated leads to disease. F25B4.7 P91270 F25B4.8a Q8MNR9 F25B4.8b Q8MNR8 F25B4.9 Q22966 F25B5.1 Q09313 F25B5.2 Q09314 F25B5.3a Q09315 F25B5.3b Q09315 F25B5.3c Q09315 F25B5.3d Q8MNT2 F25B5.3e Q8MNT3 F25B5.4c Q8MYQ4 F25B5.5 Q09316 F25B5.6a Q09509 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F25B5.6b Q95QJ2 F25B5.7a Q09542 F25B5.7b Q95QI9 F25B5.7c Q95QJ0 F25B5.7d Q8I7K5 F25C8.1 Q9XV65 F25C8.2 Q9XV67 F25C8.3a Q9XV66 F25C8.3b Q7JKT8 F25C8.4 Q9XV68 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F25D1.1a Q19775 F25D1.1b Q7JLJ3 Temporarily Assigned Gene name F25D1.2 Q19776 F25D1.3 Q19778 F25D1.4 Q19777 F25D1.5 Q19774 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F25D7.1 Q93561 F25D7.2 Q93559 F25D7.3 Q93560 F25D7.4 Q93562 F25D7.5 Q93563 F25E2.1 Q19779 F25E2.2 Q19780 F25E2.3 Q19781 F25E2.4 Q19782 All eleven intermediate filament proteins exhibit a lamin-like length of the coil 1b domain, but only the A and B subgroups have a lamin homology segment in the tail domain. F25E2.5a Q95QI7 F25E2.5b Q95QI8 abnormal DAuer Formation F25E2.5c O17532 abnormal DAuer Formation F25E5.1 O76657 F25E5.10 O76654 F25E5.12 O76658 F25E5.13 Q9GUB7 F25E5.14 Q9GUB6 F25E5.16 Q8IA54 F25E5.2 O76655 F25E5.3 O76653 F25E5.4 O76652 F25E5.5 O76651 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F25E5.6a O76650 F25E5.6b Q7KPC9 F25E5.7 O76649 F25E5.8a O76647 F25E5.8b Q8IA55 F25E5.9 O76648 F25F2.1a Q19784 F25F2.1b Q7YXD1 F25F2.2 Q19319 A homolog of a member of the cadherin superfamily that is involved in cell-cell adhesion. F25F6.1 P91271 F25F8.1 P91272 F25F8.2 Q17328 Some GLC-2 expression is also observed in embryos undergoing morphogenesis. F25G6.1 Q95X84 F25G6.2 O16929 F25G6.3a P48180 acr-16 encodes an alpha-7-like homomer-forming subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) superfamily orthologous to human nicotinic cholinergic receptor alpha 7 (CHRNA7; OMIM:118511; possibly associated with schizophrenia and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy); ACR-16 functions as a ligand-gated ion channel that probably regulates fast action of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and in the nervous system; ACR-16 is active as a homomeric receptor, and responds robustly to acetylcholine when expressed in Xenopus oocytes; acr-16 is expressed in distal and proximal intestinal cells. F25G6.3b Q8I932 AcetylCholine Receptor F25G6.4 O16926 A homolog of an alpha type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit involved in the mediation of fast synaptic transmission at neuromuscular junctions. F25G6.5 O16925 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F25G6.6 O16924 nrs-2 encodes a predicted asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (AsnRS), a class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the attachment of asparagine to its cognate tRNA and is thus required for protein biosynthesis; loss of nrs-2 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities. F25G6.7a O16923 F25G6.7b Q6A592 F25G6.8 O16927 F25G6.9 O16928 F25H2.1 Q93565 F25H2.10 Q93572 rpa-0 encodes an acidic ribosomal subunit protein P0. F25H2.11 Q93573 F25H2.12a Q93574 F25H2.12b Q8I4K4 F25H2.13 Q93575 F25H2.2 Q93566 F25H2.3 Q93567 F25H2.4 Q93568 F25H2.5 Q93576 F25H2.6 Q93569 F25H2.7 Q93570 F25H2.8 Q93571 F25H2.9 Q95008 F25H5.1a O17832 F25H5.1b O17833 LIM domain containing proteins (5 domains) F25H5.2 O17834 F25H5.3a O17836 F25H5.3b O17835 Pyruvate kinase F25H5.3c Q7JL40 F25H5.4 P29691 eft-2 encodes a homolog of translation elongation factor 2 (EF-2), a GTP-binding protein essential for the elongation phase of protein synthesis; eft-2 is required for embryogenesis and vulval morphogenesis, and is expressed during all stages of development, including the dauer larval stage. F25H5.5 O17838 F25H5.6 O17839 F25H5.7 O17840 F25H5.8 Q9NAQ5 F25H8.1 Q19789 F25H8.2 Q19788 F25H8.3 Q19791 gon-1 encodes a functional metalloprotease that defines a new sub-family of secreted proteases known as MPT (metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats); the other two members of this family are the bovine procollagen I N-protease ( PINP ) and the murine enzyme ADAMTS-1; gon-1 is essential for hermaphrodite gonadal morphogenesis; sequence homology with other metalloproteases suggests that it functions by remodelling the extracellular matrix; GON-1 is expressed at high levels within the gonadal distal tip cell during migration. F25H8.5a Q19790 They thus might act as hydration buffers, molecular chaperones, ion sinks, or membrane stabilizers, and could be expressed in C. elegans as part of a defense against dehydration. F25H8.5b Q7JLY2 Dauer Up-Regulated F25H8.5c Q95ZV0 Dauer Up-Regulated F25H8.5d Q7JLY3 Dauer Up-Regulated F25H8.6 Q19787 F25H8.7 O61693 F25H9.1 P91987 F25H9.2 O01301 F25H9.3 P91986 F25H9.4 P90846 F25H9.5 O02254 frm-10 encodes a protein that contains an N-terminal FERM (Band 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin) domain; by homology, FRM-10 is predicted to function as a membrane-cytoskeleton linker protein that plays a role in cell adhesion, migration, or organization of cell surface structures; however, as loss of frm-10 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of FRM-10 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. F25H9.6 P91988 F25H9.7 P91989 F26A1.1 Q19805 F26A1.10 Q19799 F26A1.11 Q19800 F26A1.12 Q19801 F26A1.13 Q19803 F26A1.14 Q19804 F26A1.2 Q19802 fkh-5 encodes a member of the forkhead domain transcription factor family. F26A1.3 Q19798 F26A1.4 Q19794 F26A1.6 Q19792 F26A1.7 Q19795 F26A1.8 Q19796 F26A1.9 Q19797 F26A10.1 Q19806 F26A10.2 Q19807 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F26A3.1 Q93595 F26A3.2 Q93594 F26A3.3 Q93593 ego-1 mutant males show germ-line defects of reduced number of germ cells and sperm incapable of fertilization. F26A3.4 Q93592 F26A3.5 Q93596 F26A3.6 Q93597 F26A3.7 Q93591 F26A3.8 Q9NDH1 RRF-1 is a member of the NCBI KOG0988 ('RNA-directed RNA polymerase QDE-1 required for posttranscriptional gene silencing and RNA interference'). F26B1.1 P91279 F26B1.2a P91277 F26B1.2b Q8T3B5 F26B1.2c Q8I7G8 F26B1.2d Q8I7G7 F26B1.2e Q8I7G9 F26B1.3 P91276 F26B1.4 P91274 F26B1.5a P91273 F26B1.5b Q8I7H0 F26B1.6 P91275 F26B1.7 P91278 let-381 encodes a forkhead transcription factor and was identified in a screen for essential genes; let-381 is essential for development at different times as mutants exhibit embryonic and early larval lethality, with a few developing to sterile adults; inactivation of let-381 using RNA interference results in adults with mesodermal cell lineage defects and a reduced number of coelomocytes; reporter-gene assays indicate LET-318 is expressed when the embryo starts to elongate and continues to be expressed through all larval stages and into the adult. F26C11.1 Q09549 F26C11.2 P29506 UNC-4 is negatively regulated in the B class DB motor neuron by VAB-7, an even-skipped homolog. F26C11.3 Q09550 F26D10.10 Q9XVU2 F26D10.11 Q9XVU1 F26D10.12 Q9XVT9 F26D10.3 P09446 hsp-1 encodes hsp70A, a member of the heat shock family of proteins; hsp70A is closely related to the Drosophila heat inducible hsp70s and the S. cerevisiae SSA hsp70 subfamily; the hsp-1 gene is normally expressed throughout development and upon heat-shock the hsp-1 mRNA is enhanced 2-6 fold; down-regualtion of hsp-1 via RNA interference results in a small reduction in the life-span of an age-1 mutant indicating that hsp-1 may play some role in regulating longevity. F26D10.8 Q9XVU0 F26D10.9 Q9XVU3 F26D11.1 O61968 F26D11.10 O61966 F26D11.11a O61967 Let-413 may contribute to the integrity of epithelial cells by providing a scaffold within the basolateral domain to assemble adherens junctions, possibly by defining their basal boundary. F26D11.11b Q6A580 LEThal F26D11.2 O61965 F26D11.4 O61960 F26D11.5 O61962 F26D11.6 O61963 F26D11.9 O61964 F26D12.1a Q86MF0 fkh-7 encodes one of 15 forkhead transcriptional regulators encoded by the C. elegans genome; by homology, FKH-7 is predicted to function as a transcription factor that regulates gene expression during development; however, as loss of fkh-7 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of FKH-7 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; however, reporter gene studies indicate that fkh-7 expression is detected only in neurons of the head and tail ganglia, the nerve cord, and the male tail, suggesting that FKH-7 likely functions in nervous system differentiation. F26D12.1b Q86ME9 ForKHead transcription factor family F26D12.1c Q86ME8 ForKHead transcription factor family F26D12.1d Q86ME7 ForKHead transcription factor family F26D2.1 O17841 F26D2.10 Q9XV62 F26D2.11 Q9XV61 F26D2.12 Q9XV60 F26D2.13 Q9XV59 F26D2.14 Q9XV58 F26D2.15 Q9XTD5 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F26D2.16 Q7YX30 F26D2.2 Q8MUP4 F26D2.3a Q9U3H9 F26D2.3b Q7JKT5 F26D2.4 O45403 F26D2.7 O62184 F26D2.9 Q9XV63 F26E4.1 P90851 F26E4.10 O01326 drsh-1 encodes a predicted RNase III-type ribonuclease that is orthologous to Drosophila and human Drosha; by homology, DRSH-1 is predicted to function as an endoribonuclease that, in the nucleus, initiates cleavage of primary miRNA transcripts (pri-mRNAs) into pre-miRNAs that are then exported to the cytoplasm for further processing; loss of drsh-1 activity via RNAi results in re-expression of a let-7-silenced reporter in adults, suggesting that DRSH-1 is required for let-7 processing; in addition, DRSH-1 also appears to be required for fertility, as adults lacking drsh-1 activity are sterile; along with PASH-1, a double-stranded RNA binding protein, DRSH-1 may be part of a conserved multiprotein complex that regulates nuclear pri-miRNA splicing. F26E4.11 P90859 F26E4.12 O02621 F26E4.2 O18686 F26E4.3 P90850 F26E4.4 P90847 F26E4.5 O01325 F26E4.6 O18687 F26E4.7a P90848 The F26E4.7 gene encodes a homolog of human BIGH3, which when mutated leads to Groenouw granular dystrophy, type 1 (OMIM:122200). F26E4.7b Q8T3E1 F26E4.8 O18688 F26E4.9 P90849 F26F12.1 Q19813 F26F12.2 Q19812 F26F12.3a Q19811 F26F12.3b Q9N2N2 F26F12.3c Q5R3Y7 F26F12.4 Q19809 F26F12.5a Q19810 F26F12.5b Q7JNW6 F26F12.6 Q19814 F26F12.7 Q19815 Loss of both maternal and zygotic LET-418 activity causes developmental arrest at the L1 larval stage; loss of zygotic function alone results in sterile animals with everted vulvae. F26F2.1 Q9N6L0 F26F2.2 Q9XV57 F26F2.3 Q9XV56 F26F2.4 Q9XV55 F26F2.5 Q9XV54 F26F2.6 Q9XV53 F26F2.7 Q9U3H8 F26F2.8 Q5WRM4 F26F4.1 Q19824 F26F4.10a Q19825 F26F4.10b Q65ZK0 aRginyl aa-tRNA syntheTase F26F4.11 Q19826 F26F4.12 Q95QI6 F26F4.13 Q8MNT1 F26F4.2 Q19823 spt-2 encodes a novel protein with high similarity to C. elegans F37A8.1 and C. briggsae CBG18186. F26F4.3 Q19821 F26F4.4 Q19819 F26F4.5 Q19816 F26F4.6 Q19817 F26F4.7 Q19818 F26F4.8 Q19820 F26F4.9a Q19822 F26F4.9b Q95QI5 F26G1.1 Q19833 F26G1.2 Q19828 F26G1.3 Q19827 F26G1.4 Q19829 F26G1.5 Q19830 F26G1.6 Q19831 F26G1.6 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; while F26G1.6 has no clear orthologs in other organisms, it falls into a group of proteins that includes the classical neprilysins found in mammals (e.g., PEX [OMIM:307800] and the enkephalin cleaving enzymes). F26G1.7 Q19832 F26G5.1 O16938 F26G5.10 O16937 F26G5.2 O16935 F26G5.4 O16932 F26G5.5 O16931 F26G5.9 O16936 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F26H11.1 O45406 F26H11.2a O45409 F26H11.2b Q95ZU8 F26H11.2c Q6BER5 F26H11.2d Q9NLC1 F26H11.2e O45410 Bromodomain F26H11.2f O45407 Bromodomain F26H11.2g Q5WRM3 F26H11.4 O45408 F26H11.5 O45405 F26H9.1 O01321 F26H9.2 P91855 F26H9.3 P91852 F26H9.4 P91851 F26H9.5 P91856 F26H9.6 P91857 rab-5 encodes a rab related protein of the Ras GTPase superfamily that affects both the localization of P-granules and of PAR-2, and also affects embryonic and larval viability and the cytoplasmic appearance of cells in the early embryo. F26H9.7 P91853 uev-3 encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC or E2) variant that contains the UBC motif, but lacks the critical active-site cysteine residue necessary for catalytic activity; as loss of UEV-3 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of UEV-3 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; based on similarity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human proteins, however, UEV-3 may play a role in cell cycle control or response to stress or DNA damage. F26H9.8 P91854 F27B10.1 Q8MNR7 F27B3.2 Q9N5U8 Subunits of nAChRs fall into two main categories: alpha subunits are defined by adjacent cysteines which contribute to the ACh binding site, while non-alpha subunits lack this motif. F27B3.5 Q9N5V0 F27B3.6 Q9N5U9 F27B3.7 Q95YC1 F27C1.1 P91287 F27C1.10 P91288 F27C1.11 P91289 F27C1.12 P91290 F27C1.13 P91291 F27C1.2a P91284 F27C1.2b Q6BEW1 F27C1.3 P91282 F27C1.4 P91281 F27C1.6 P91280 F27C1.7a P91283 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F27C1.7b Q7JNG1 F27C1.8 P91285 dpy-5 encodes a cuticle collagen that affects body length and cuticle structure and specifically affects the formation of annuli and the expression of dpy-7, dpy-13, and col-19; mRNA abundance increases two hours prior to the secretion of each new cuticle, and mRNA levels appear to increase at and after the L2 larval stages. F27C8.1 Q19834 aat-1 encodes a homolog of the human gene SLC7A5 (OMIM:600182). F27C8.2 Q19835 F27C8.3 Q19836 F27C8.4 Q19837 F27C8.5 Q19838 F27C8.6 Q19839 F27D4.1 Q93615 The F27D4.1 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene ELECTRON-TRANSFER-FLAVOPROTEIN, ALPHA POLYPEPTIDE (ETFA), which when mutated leads to glutaricaciduria type IIA (OMIM:231680). F27D4.2 Q93616 F27D4.4 Q93618 F27D4.5 Q93619 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F27D4.6 Q93620 F27D4.7 Q7YTP0 F27D9.1a P34815 UNC-64 protein levels are reduced in an unc-18 mutant background. F27D9.1b Q7Z293 UNCoordinated F27D9.2 Q19845 F27D9.3 Q19840 F27D9.4 Q19841 F27D9.5 Q19842 The F27D9.5 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene PROPIONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE ALPHA SUBUNIT (PCCA), which when mutated leads to propionicaciduria, type I (OMIM:232000). F27D9.6 Q19843 F27D9.7 Q19844 F27D9.8a Q19846 F27D9.8b Q5WRR6 F27E11.3a Q95X96 cfz-2 encodes a member of the Frizzled family of membrane receptors. F27E11.3b Q95X97 Caenorhabditis FriZzled homolog F27E5.1 Q09551 F27E5.2 Q09546 Q50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-8, ceh-10, ceh-42, unc-4, unc-42, C18B12.3, R08B4.2, and T13C5.4; K50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-36, ceh-37, unc-30, and C09G12.1; C. elegans' one S50 gene is vab-3; and outliers (neither Q50 nor K50 or S50) include pax-3 and Y53C12C.1. F27E5.3 Q09552 F27E5.4 Q09553 F27E5.5 Q09554 F28A10.1 Q95YC0 F28A10.10 Q95YB8 F28A10.2 Q95YB9 F28A10.3 Q95YB5 F28A10.4 Q95YB4 F28A10.5 Q95YB1 F28A10.6 Q95YB2 F28A10.7 Q95YB3 F28A10.8 Q95YB6 F28A10.9 Q95YB7 F28A12.1 Q22970 F28A12.2 Q22969 F28A12.3 Q22971 F28A12.4 Q22972 F28B1.1 O45411 F28B1.2 O45412 F28B1.3 O45413 F28B1.4 O45414 F28B1.5 O45415 F28B1.6 O45416 F28B1.8 Q7YXB0 F28B12.1 Q19850 F28B12.2a Q19849 It is required to repress the touch cell fate in some cells. F28B12.2b Q19849 EGg Laying defective F28B12.2c Q19849 EGg Laying defective F28B12.2d Q19849 EGg Laying defective F28B12.2e Q19849 EGg Laying defective F28B12.2f Q19849 EGg Laying defective F28B12.3 Q19848 F28B3.1 O01787 F28B3.10 Q95R11 F28B3.2 O01786 F28B3.3 O01785 F28B3.4 O01784 F28B3.5a O01783 F28B3.5b Q86NJ1 F28B3.6a O01788 F28B3.6b Q86NJ0 F28B3.7 O01789 him-1 encodes a homolog of the conserved eukaryotic protein, SMC1, a member of the SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) superfamily that is required for embryonic viability, germline mitosis, chromosome pairing, and the segregation of mitotic chromosomes; HIM-1 can interact with SMC-3 and is required for DPY-28 localization to meiotic chromosomes; associates with the chromatin of transition-zone nuclei. F28B3.8 Q9BIB8 F28B3.9 Q95R12 F28B4.1 Q19851 F28B4.2 Q19852 F28B4.3 Q19853 F28B4.4 Q95ZU7 F28C1.1 Q19854 F28C1.2 P49809 Strains overexpressing egl-10 are resistant to the volatile anesthetics isoflurane and halothane. F28C1.3a Q19857 F28C1.3b Q8I0R8 F28C10.1 Q19861 F28C10.2 Q19860 F28C10.3 Q19858 F28C10.4 Q19859 F28C12.1 O17842 F28C12.2 O18689 F28C12.4 O17844 F28C12.5 O18690 F28C12.6 O17845 F28C12.7 O17846 F28C6.1 Q19863 F28C6.10 Q93621 F28C6.2 Q19862 F28C6.3 Q19864 F28C6.4a Q19870 F28C6.4b Q7JM05 F28C6.5 Q19865 F28C6.6 Q19866 F28C6.7a Q19869 rpl-26 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L26 protein; by homology, RPL-26 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPL-26 activity is required for embryonic and germline development and normal rates of postembryonic growth. F28C6.7b Q9U3H7 KOW motif F28C6.7c Q8I121 Ribosomal Protein, Large subunit F28C6.8 Q93622 F28C6.9 Q19867 F28D1.1 Q19873 F28D1.10 P55163 The egg-laying defect seen in gex-3(zu196) mothers is not associated with any obvious defects in neurons or muscles, but is sometimes seen with a weak protruding vulva phenotype; it may thus reflect a defect in late vulval morphogenesis or maintenance. F28D1.11 Q9XVV5 F28D1.2 Q19872 F28D1.3 Q19874 F28D1.4 Q19875 F28D1.5 Q19876 F28D1.6 Q19871 F28D1.7 Q19877 rps-23 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S23 protein; by homology, RPS-23 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-23 activity is required for germline development, vulval morphogenesis, and the overall health of the animal. F28D1.8 Q19879 F28D1.9 Q19878 F28D9.1 O62185 F28D9.2a Q7YZP5 F28D9.2b O62186 7TM chemoreceptor, sri family F28D9.4 Q9U3H6 F28E10.1a Q5TYL9 F28E10.1b Q86MF3 F28E10.1c Q86MF2 F28E10.1d Q86MF1 F28E10.2 Q19882 F28E10.4 Q19883 F28F5.1 Q19888 F28F5.3a Q95QI3 F28F5.3b Q95QI2 Temporarily Assigned Gene name F28F5.3c Q8MNT0 Temporarily Assigned Gene name F28F5.6 Q8MNS9 F28F8.1 O17848 Subunits of nAChRs fall into two main categories: alpha subunits are defined by adjacent cysteines which contribute to the ACh binding site, while non-alpha subunits lack this motif. F28F8.2 O18693 F28F8.3 O18694 F28F8.4 O17849 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F28F8.5 O18692 F28F8.6 O17850 tag-70/F28F8.6 encodes an ortholog of human ATAXIN-3 (OMIM:607047, mutated in Machado-Joseph disease). F28F8.7 O18691 F28F8.8 Q7YTT2 F28F9.1 Q94196 zag-1 encodes a homeodomain protein of the ZFH class which consists of a homeodomain flanked by two clusters of C2H2-type zinc fingers and is related to transcriptional repressors encoded by Drosophila zfh-1 and the vertebrate ZEB genes; ZAG-1 is required for locomotion, for neuronal differentiation, and for proper axonal branching and fasciculation; from late embryogenesis through adult stages of development, ZAG-1 is expressed dynamically in head and tail neurons and in the intestinal and anal depressor muscles. F28F9.2 Q94195 F28F9.3 Q94194 F28F9.4 Q94197 F28G4.1 O17851 F28G4.2 O17852 F28G4.3 O17853 F28G4.4 O17854 F28G4.5 O17855 F28H1.1 O01543 F28H1.2 O01542 cpn-3 encodes a calponin homolog, most closely related to its paralog CPN-4 in C. elegans; CPN-3 is more similar to the calponin paralogs transgelin (SM22 alpha) or neuronal protein NP25 than to calponin per se. F28H1.3 O01541 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F28H1.4a P83386 F28H1.4b Q5R3Y2 F28H1.5 O01540 F28H6.1a Q9XTG7 akt-2 encodes a homolog of the serine/threonine kinase Akt/PKB, AKT-2, that is required for progression through the dauer stage of development and for the negative regulation of adult lifespan; inactivation of akt-2 causes animals to arrest constitutively at the dauer stage, while having an increased life span; widely expressed, AKT-2 is activated by the phospholipid products of phosphoinositide 3-kinase AGE-1/PI3K and by PDK-1, a homolog of vertebrate 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) Normal akt-2 (and akt-1) activity is required for excess pdk-1 activity to suppress the dauer-arrest phenotype of age-1, indicating that the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 homolog PDK-1 transduces signals from AGE-1 to AKT-2 (and AKT-1); conversely, the akt-2 loss-of-function phenotype is suppressed by daf-16 null mutations, indicating that the Fork head transcription factor DAF-16 is downstream of AKT-2 (and AKT-1), and that AKT-1 and AKT-2 act primarily to antagonize DAF-16. F28H6.1b O77145 PH (pleckstrin homology) domain, Protein kinase C terminal domain F28H6.2 Q9XX95 F28H6.3 Q9XX97 F28H6.4 Q9U3H5 F28H6.6 Q9XX94 F28H6.7 Q9XX96 F28H7.1 Q19889 F28H7.10 P90784 F28H7.11 O17857 F28H7.2 Q19890 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F28H7.3 Q19891 F28H7.4 Q19892 F28H7.6 Q19893 F28H7.7 Q19894 F28H7.8 Q19895 F28H7.9 Q19897 F29A7.1 O16212 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F29A7.2 O16211 F29A7.3 O16208 F29A7.4 O16206 F29A7.5 O16205 F29A7.6 O16207 F29A7.7 O16209 F29A7.8 O16210 F29B9.1 Q9GYH9 F29B9.10 Q9GYI2 F29B9.11 Q9GYI1 F29B9.2a Q9GYI0 F29B9.2b Q9BI67 F29B9.4 Q9GYI4 psr-1 encodes an ortholog of the mammalian apoptotic phosphatidylserine receptor, whose product recognizes phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells and enables cells expressing the receptor to recognize and engulf apoptotic cells in a phosphatidylserine-specific manner; psr-1 was not mutated in classical screens for Ced mutants, but, given its high similarity, may nevertheless mediate phosphatidylserine recognition on apoptotic cells during their removal by phagocytes. F29B9.5 Q95Q57 F29B9.6 Q95017 ubc-9 encodes an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ubc9p, which mediates the covalent attachment of the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) to various substrates including Ran-GAP1 and p53; UBC-9 activity is required for several developmental processes including embryogenesis, larval development, vulval development, posterior morphogenesis, and the DNA damage response (both DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint function); UBC-9 interacts with LIN-1, an ETS-domain-containing transcription factor that negatively regulates vulval development, and with RAD-51, the C. elegans RecA homolog that is required for DNA repair; the expression pattern and subcellular localization of UBC-9 are not yet known. F29B9.7 Q9GYI6 F29B9.8 Q9GYI7 F29B9.9 Q9GYI3 F29C12.1a Q9XV50 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F29C12.2 Q9TVP6 F29C12.3 Q9XV48 F29C12.4 Q9XV52 F29C12.5 Q9XV51 F29C12.6 Q9XV49 F29C4.1a P20792 Genes required for transducing ASI signals in dauer regulation include daf-1, daf-3, daf-4, daf-5, daf-7, daf-8, daf-14, scd-l, scd-2 and scd-3; dauer-constitutive alleles of these genes are suppressed by dauer-defective mutations in daf-3 daf-5, and bra-1, while being unaffected by Daf-d mutations in the genes affecting chemosensory ending structure. F29C4.1b P20792 protein kinase F29C4.2 O76367 F29C4.4 O76363 F29C4.5 O76364 F29C4.6 O76365 F29C4.7a O76366 F29C4.7b Q8MXG5 F29C4.7c Q688A7 F29C4.8 O76368 F29C6.1 Q7YSU0 F29D10.1 Q19898 F29D10.2 Q19899 F29D10.3 Q19900 F29D10.4 Q19901 F29D11.1 Q04833 F29D11.2 Q93598 F29F11.1 Q19905 The number of SQV-4-expressing vulval cells is increased in lin-12(gf) mutants. F29F11.2 Q18354 F29F11.3 Q19906 F29F11.4 Q19907 twk-12 encodes one of 44 C. elegans TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channel subunits that contain two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane domains; as loss of TWK-12 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of TWK-12 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; TWK-12 may, however, function redundantly with other TWK channels; the TWK-12 expression pattern has not been determined. F29F11.5 P41936 CEH-22 protein directly binds the proximal enhancer, suggesting that ceh-22 regulates itself. F29F11.6 Q27497 F29G6.1 Q95011 F29G6.2 Q93635 F29G6.3a Q93637 F29G6.3b Q93636 F29G6.3c Q6A2D2 F29G9.1 O16373 F29G9.2a O16370 F29G9.2b Q8IA85 F29G9.3 O16369 The apt-2 gene encodes an adaptin: specifically, it encodes an ortholog of the sigma1 subunit of adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1). F29G9.4 O16367 F29G9.5 O16368 F29G9.6 O16371 dhs-17 encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (SDR). F29G9.7 O16372 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F30A10.1 Q93640 F30A10.10 Q93371 F30A10.11 Q7YTP3 F30A10.12 Q7YTP2 F30A10.2 Q93642 F30A10.3 Q93644 F30A10.4 Q93643 F30A10.5 Q9XVP9 F30A10.6 Q93641 F30A10.7 Q93645 F30A10.8a Q93646 F30A10.8b Q93646 PDZ domain (Also known as DHR or GLGF). F30A10.9 Q93638 F30B5.1 P17657 dpy-13 encodes a member of the collagen superfamily containing 20 copies of the collagen triple helix repeat; transcipt levels oscillate, peaking once during each larval stage. F30F8.1 Q93649 F30F8.10 Q7YX26 F30F8.2 Q93650 F30F8.3 Q93654 F30F8.5 Q93652 F30F8.7 Q93653 F30F8.8 O01985 F30F8.9a Q95QI1 F30F8.9b Q8I4K3 F30H5.1 Q09981 F30H5.2 Q09982 F30H5.3 Q09983 F31A3.1 Q19919 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F31A3.2 Q19918 F31A3.3 Q19916 F31A3.4 Q19917 F31A3.5 P90857 F31A9.1 Q19925 F31A9.2 Q19924 F31A9.3a Q7JNV7 arg-1 encodes a member of the Delta/Serrate/LAG-2 family of transmembrane signaling ligands and mediates cell fate decisions during early embryogenesis and may function in the CeTwist pathway for mesoderm development; arg-1 is closely related to apx-1 and lag-2 and is functionally interchangeable with them; ARG-1 is expressed in the vm1 vulval muscles. F31A9.3b Q7JNV6 Apex-Related Genes F31A9.4 Q19921 F31A9.6 Q19923 F31B12.1a Q9TVI2 PLC-1 is a putative effector for Ras and associates with human Ha-Ras in vitro in a GTP-dependent manner and competes with yeast adenylyl cyclase for binding Ha-Ras. F31B12.1b Q7JM51 PhosphoLipase C F31B12.1c Q8MM09 phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C F31B12.2 Q19927 F31B12.3 Q19928 frm-9 encodes a B41/ERM (ezrin/radixin/moesin) domain containing protein. F31B12.4 Q7YX33 F31B9.1 O62189 F31B9.2 O62187 F31B9.3 O62188 F31B9.4 Q7YTN5 F31C3.1 P52013 cyp-5 encodes a cyclophilin that is functional in vitro and is predicted to be a secreted protein that is structurally most similar to human cyclophilin B; expressed in the intestine. F31C3.2a O62195 F31C3.2b Q7JKE3 F31C3.3 O62191 F31C3.4 O62192 F31C3.5 O62193 F31C3.6a O62194 F31D4.1 O45424 F31D4.2 O45417 F31D4.3 O45418 F31D4.4 O45419 F31D4.5 O45420 F31D4.6 O45421 F31D4.7 O45422 F31D4.8 O45423 F31D4.9 Q9U3H4 F31D5.1 Q19933 F31D5.2 Q19932 F31D5.3a Q7JPE2 F31D5.3b Q19929 Temporarily Assigned Gene name F31D5.3c Q8MQ64 Temporarily Assigned Gene name F31D5.3d Q8MQ65 Temporarily Assigned Gene name F31D5.4 Q19930 F31D5.5 Q19931 F31D5.6 Q9TXH3 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F31E3.1 P41779 A co-factor homeodomain protein and homolog of Drosophila Extradenticle (Exd) that together with ceh-40 affects embryogenesis, loss of both functions affect embryonic viability; it is required as a cofactor for LIN-39- and MAB-5- dependent postembryonic mesoderm patterning; it genetically interacts with unc-62. F31E3.2a Q8MYQ1 F31E3.2b Q8MYQ1 F31E3.2c Q8MYQ1 F31E3.3 P53016 F31E3.4 P53015 F31E3.5 P53013 eft-3 expression is unaffected by smg mutations (unlike other translation-related genes such as rpl-3, rpl-7, rpl-10, or rpl-12. F31E3.6 Q19935 F31E8.1 Q19939 F31E8.2a P34693 F31E8.2b Q95QH7 SyNapTotagmin F31E8.3 Q19937 tab-1 encodes a homeodomain protein homologous to Drosophila bsh (brain-specific homeodomain protein) and the vertebrate BarH-like homeodomain protein 1; TAB-1 is required, during early larval development, for backward movement in response to anterior touch with a wire, while during later larval stages, TAB-1 is required for response to gentle touch with a hair; TAB-1 expression begins in the early embryo in approximately 20-30 cells and is then restricted to a subset of neurons including AIB, AVJ, and RIV; TAB-1 expression in AIB may be controlled by the UNC-42 homeodomain protein and TAB-1 may autoregulate in the AVJ and RIV neurons. F31E8.4 Q19936 F31E8.5 Q19938 F31E8.6 Q8MYD2 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F31E9.1 O45425 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F31E9.2 O45426 F31E9.3 O45428 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F31E9.4 O45427 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F31E9.5 O45429 F31E9.6 Q9TW96 F31F4.1 O17139 F31F4.11 O17129 F31F4.12 O17131 F31F4.13 O17132 F31F4.14 O17134 F31F4.15 O17135 F31F4.16 O17124 F31F4.17 O17127 F31F4.18 Q9GUC2 F31F4.2 O17138 F31F4.3 O17137 F31F4.4 O17136 F31F4.6 O17130 F31F4.7 O17123 F31F4.8 O17125 F31F4.9 O17126 F31F6.1 Q19942 F31F6.2 Q19943 F31F6.3 Q19944 F31F6.4a Q19940 flp-8 is conserved in the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. F31F6.4b Q8WQF5 FMRF-Like Peptide F31F6.5 Q19945 The ectopic axonal phenotype of ASJ in daf-6 mutants is temperature-sensitive, being much greater at 25 degrees C than at 15 degrees C. F31F6.6 Q93655 F31F6.7 Q19941 F31F7.1a O01546 F31F7.1b Q8I7G5 F31F7.1c Q8I7G6 F31F7.2 O01545 F31F7.3 O01544 F32A11.1 O62198 F32A11.2 O62196 F32A11.3 O62197 F32A11.4 O62199 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F32A11.5 Q9XV47 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F32A11.6 Q9XV46 F32A11.7 Q7YX28 F32A5.1a Q19953 F32A5.2a Q95QH6 F32A5.2b Q95QH5 F32A5.3 P52716 F32A5.4a Q19948 F32A5.4b Q19948 F32A5.5a Q19949 F32A5.5b Q8IG23 AQuaPorin or aquaglyceroporin related F32A5.6 Q19951 prx-13 is orthologous to the human gene PEX13 (OMIM:601789), which when mutated leads to Zellweger syndrome or neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy. F32A5.7 Q19952 F32A5.8 Q95QH4 F32A6.1 Q19957 F32A6.2 Q19956 F32A6.3 Q19954 F32A6.4a Q19955 ags-3 encodes an ortholog of mammalian AGS3, a receptor independent activator of G protein signalling, and of Drosophila RAPSYNOID; AGS-3 proteins have four GoLoco motifs; AGS-3 is involved in polarity and spindle orientation during early embryogenesis; a region of AGS-3 encompassing three GoLoco motifs specifically binds GOA-1 in yeast two-hybrid assays; AGS-3 is expressed in all muscles, intestine, and weakly in some head and ventral nerve cord neurons, with subcellular localization in strong dots. F32A6.4b Q95QH3 Activator of G protein Signalling F32A6.4c Q7Z295 Activator of G protein Signalling F32A6.5 Q19958 F32A7.2 P91864 F32A7.3a Q9XU98 F32A7.3b P91865 G-protein coupled receptor F32A7.4 P91862 F32A7.5a P91859 F32A7.5b Q7YXB9 F32A7.5c Q7YXB8 F32A7.6 P91863 an ortholog of calcium-dependent serine endoproteinases, the kex2/subtilisin-like proprotein convertase that affects defecation cycle and anterior body contractions; and is expressed in all muscle cells except pharyngeal muscles. F32A7.7 P91860 F32B4.1 Q9XV45 F32B4.2 O62204 F32B4.4a O62203 F32B4.4b Q7Z0X2 F32B4.5 O62200 F32B4.6 O62202 F32B4.8 O62201 F32B5.1 O01854 F32B5.2 O01853 F32B5.3 O01852 F32B5.4 O01851 F32B5.6a Q8T3G8 F32B5.6b Q8T3G7 F32B5.6c Q86NI9 F32B5.6d Q86NI8 F32B5.7 O01849 F32B5.8 O01850 F32B6.1 O45436 F32B6.10 Q9XVP6 F32B6.11 Q9XVV0 F32B6.2 O45430 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic. F32B6.3 O45431 F32B6.4 O45432 F32B6.5 Q9XVP7 F32B6.6 Q9TVW5 F32B6.7 O45433 F32B6.8a Q7JL36 F32B6.8b O45434 Yeast ORF YOR070C protein like F32B6.9 O45435 F32D1.1 O16299 F32D1.10 O16297 F32D1.2 O16298 F32D1.3 O16296 F32D1.4 O16295 F32D1.5 O16294 F32D1.6 O16292 F32D1.7 O16291 F32D1.8 O16290 F32D1.9 O16293 F32D8.1 Q19962 F32D8.10 Q19959 F32D8.12a Q8I4K2 F32D8.12b Q7JLJ0 F32D8.12c Q7JLI9 F32D8.13 Q86NH2 F32D8.14 Q7YTG8 F32D8.2 Q19963 F32D8.3 Q19964 F32D8.4 Q19965 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F32D8.5a Q19966 F32D8.5b Q9U3H0 F32D8.6 Q19967 A model for EMO-1 function is that it promotes the synthesis of a secreted or surface protein of oocytes which, in turn, is required for the oocyte to signal the sheath, the spermetheca, or both after meiotic maturation. F32D8.7 Q19961 F32D8.8 Q19960 F32D8.9 Q19968 F32E10.4 Q19969 F32F2.1 Q9XXM9 F32G8.1 Q19975 F32G8.2 Q19976 F32G8.3 Q19977 F32G8.4 Q19978 F32G8.5 Q19979 F32G8.6 Q19980 cat-4 homozygous animals lack a velocity burst prior to egg laying, as well as the peak in the directional change probability following the egg laying. F32H2.10 Q95QH1 F32H2.11 Q5WRM2 F32H2.1a P91868 gei-11 encodes a protein that contains Myb DNA-binding domains and is homologous to mammalian SNAPC4, required for RNA polymerase II and III transcription of snRNA genes; GEI-11 is required for ventral enclosure during embryonic development, as well as for normal rates of postembryonic growth; GEI-11 interacts with GEX-3, a homolog of mammalian protein ligands of the small GTPase Rac1 that is also essential for embryonic morphogenesis. F32H2.1b O62208 Myb DNA-binding proteins (2 domains) F32H2.2 P91869 F32H2.3 P91870 spd-2 was identified in screens for maternal-effect cell division mutants; the temperature-sensitive allele oj29 has joint sterile and uncoordinated phenotypes; a strong maternal embryonic lethal phenotype; >20% penetrance of larval arrest; and protruding vulva or vulvaless phenotypes. F32H2.4 P91867 F32H2.5 P91871 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F32H2.6 P91866 F32H2.7 O17859 F32H2.8 P91872 F32H2.9 P91873 F32H5.1 P91991 F32H5.2 O62209 F32H5.3a O62210 F32H5.3b Q95ZU4 F32H5.4 P91993 F32H5.5 P91994 F32H5.6 P92008 F32H5.7 Q8I4K1 F32H5.8 Q8I4K0 F33A8.1 Q17336 let-858 encodes nucampholin, a highly conserved protein rich in acidic and basic residues that also shares some similarity to eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-4 gamma; LET-858 is required for early embryogenesis and tissue differentiation and is expressed ubiquitously throughout development; LET-858 localizes to nuclei where it overlaps, but is not restricted to, chromosomal regions; based upon its sequence and localization, LET-858 is likely to be involved in protein synthesis and/or RNA binding. F33A8.10 Q7YTP4 F33A8.2 O62211 nlp-18 encodes four predicted neuropeptide-like proteins; in C. elegans, nlp-18 is part of the FAFA neuropeptide family that also contains nlp-20; nlp-18 is expressed in a variety of neurons, including ASI, NSM, four head neurons, two tail neurons, and two anterior pharyngeal neurons; nlp-18 expression is also detected in the spermatheca, the rectal gland, and the intestine; as loss of nlp-18 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of nlp-18-encoded peptides in development and/or behavior is not yet known. F33A8.3 O62213 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F33A8.4 O62214 F33A8.5 O62215 F33A8.5 is orthologous to the human gene SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX, SUBUNIT D, INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN (SDHD; OMIM:602690), which when mutated leads to disease. F33A8.6 O62212 F33A8.7 Q9U3G9 F33A8.9 Q9NAQ4 F33C8.1a Q19981 tag-53 encodes a protein with high similarity to human Attractin, and affects fertility and locomotion. F33C8.1b Q19981 Temporarily Assigned Gene name F33C8.2 Q19982 F33C8.3 Q19983 tsp-8 is orthologous to the human gene KANGAI 1 (SUPPRESSION OF TUMORIGENICITY 6, PROSTATE; CD82 ANTIGEN (R2 LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN, ANTIGEN DETECTED BY MONOCLONAL AND ANTIBODY IA4)) (KAI1; OMIM:600623), which when mutated leads to disease. F33C8.4 Q17680 F33D11.3 O44774 F33D11.4 P17487 ceh-12 is orthologous to the human gene HB9 HOMEOBOX PROTEIN (HLXB9; OMIM:142994), which when mutated leads to disease. F33D4.1a Q9XYB7 NHR-8 may thus mediate a subset of the resistance traits promoted by PGP-3. F33D4.1b Q9XYB7 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family F33D4.2a Q9Y0A1 itr-1 encodes a putative inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate receptor that affects the defecation cycle and pharyngeal pumping, and also affects ovulation in a pathway downstream of LET-23; interacts with UNC-54 in vivo, and is expressed in the adult intestine, pharynx, excretory cell, germ line, and spermatheca, with limited neuronal expression. F33D4.2d Q9U3B3 Inositol Triphosphate Receptor F33D4.2e Q9Y0A0 Inositol Triphosphate Receptor F33D4.2f Q9Y0A2 Inositol Triphosphate Receptor F33D4.2g Q8MXI9 Inositol Triphosphate Receptor F33D4.3 O44185 F33E11.1 O61854 F33E11.2 O61852 F33E11.3 O61853 F33E11.5 Q965J4 F33E11.6 Q965J3 F33E2.2a O01700 dlk-1 encodes a homolog of mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12; DLK-1 is dispensable for embryonic development and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens. F33E2.2b Q7JKE7 DAP (Death Associated Protein kinase) Like Kinase F33E2.2c Q7JKE9 DAP (Death Associated Protein kinase) Like Kinase F33E2.3 O01701 F33E2.4 O01698 F33E2.5 O01702 F33E2.6 O01699 F33E2.7 Q7YTP1 F33G12.2 Q19986 F33G12.3 Q19987 F33G12.4 Q19988 F33G12.5 Q19989 F33G12.6a Q19990 F33G12.6b Q6AHN9 F33H1.1a Q09555 F33H1.1b Q09555 DNA binding transcription factor F33H1.2 P17331 GPD-4 and GPD-1 are nearly identical, exhibiting 99% identity at the amino acid level. F33H1.3 Q09556 F33H1.4 Q19991 F33H1.5 Q19992 F33H12.1 O44844 F33H12.2 O44842 F33H12.4 O44840 F33H12.5 O44841 F33H12.6 O44843 F33H2.1 O62217 dog-1 encodes a predicted DEAH helicase, orthologous to the human BRCA1-binding protein BACH1 (OMIM:605882, mutated in early-onset breast cancer); DOG-1 is required for maintenance of polyguanine tracts of germline and somatic DNA, and is proposed to resolve the secondary structure that can occur in guanine-rich DNA during lagging-strand DNA synthesis. F33H2.2 O62219 F33H2.3 O62220 F33H2.5 O62218 F33H2.6 O62216 F33H2.7 Q9XV44 F33H2.8 O62221 F34D10.2 Q17969 F34D10.3 Q19993 F34D10.4 Q19994 F34D10.5 Q19996 lin-48 encodes a C2H2-type zinc-finger transcription factor that is orthologous to Drosophila OVO and mouse OVO1; LIN-48 is required for development of the hindgut, the male tail, and the excretory duct cell; in hindgut and male tail development, LIN-48 activity is essential for proper fate specification of the U, F, and K' blast cells and B blast cell descendants, and in excretory duct cell development, for normal duct cell morphogenesis; a LIN-48 translational reporter is expressed in the nuclei of the U, F, K, and K' blast cells, the excretory duct cell, and up to 10 cells in the head region beginning in late embryogenesis and continuing through adulthood; in addition, expression is detected in the neuronal support cells of the phasmid and labial sensory structures beginning at the late L1 larval stage; in hindgut cell specification, LIN-48 functions with EGL-38/Pax, which appears to be a direct transcriptional regulator of LIN-48 expression, and in excretory duct cell development, LIN-48 is likely under the control of the CES-2 bZip transcription factor. F34D10.6 Q19995 F34D10.7 Q8MQ63 F34D10.8 Q86MD2 F34D6.1 O17183 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F34D6.2 O17184 F34D6.3 O17185 sup-9 encodes one of 44 C. elegans TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channel subunits that contain two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane domains; sup-9 was originally defined by gain-of-function mutations that result in defects in pharyngeal, body-wall, egg-laying, and enteric muscle activation; loss of sup-9 function via reversion or RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities suggesting that SUP-9 may function redundantly with other TWK channels; SUP-9 is expressed in neurons and muscle. F34D6.4 O17186 F34D6.5 Q965L7 F34D6.6 Q965L6 F34H10.1 Q09557 F34H10.2 Q09558 F34H10.3 Q09559 F34H10.4 Q09317 F34H10.5 Q7YX22 F35A5.1 Q20007 The F35A5.1 gene encodes a homolog of human FMR2, which when mutated leads to fragile site mental retardation, type 2 (OMIM:309548). F35A5.2 Q20006 F35A5.3 Q20002 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F35A5.4 Q20000 F35A5.5 Q20001 F35A5.8a Q20005 erp-1 is homologous to the human gene endophilin B1 (also called SH3GLB1, for SH3 domain GRB2-like endophilin B1). F35A5.8b Q8WT52 Endophilin-Related Protein F35B12.1 Q20009 F35B12.10 Q7YX42 F35B12.2 Q20012 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F35B12.3 Q20013 F35B12.4 Q20008 F35B12.5 Q20010 F35B12.6 Q20014 F35B12.7 Q20011 F35B12.8 Q20015 F35B12.9 Q8I4J8 F35B3.5a Q966J8 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F35B3.5b Q86S86 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein F35C11.1 Q20017 F35C11.2 Q20019 F35C11.3 Q20018 F35C11.4 Q20021 F35C11.5 Q20022 F35C11.6 Q20020 F35C11.7 Q8I4J7 F35C12.1 Q9XVP5 F35C12.2 P90858 F35C12.3 Q9XVP4 F35C5.1 O45437 F35C5.10 O45446 F35C5.11 O45447 F35C5.12 O45448 F35C5.2 Q9XVP3 F35C5.3 O45438 F35C5.4 O45439 F35C5.5a O45441 F35C5.5b O45440 Lectin C-type domain short and long forms, von Willebrand factor type A domain F35C5.6 O45444 F35C5.7 O45442 F35C5.8 O45443 F35C5.9 O45445 F35C8.3 Q9UAH1 F35C8.4 Q20024 syn-1 encodes a syntaxin (t-SNARE) homologous to mammalian and Drosophila syntaxin 1; by homology, SYN-1 is a predicted plasma membrane protein that mediates fusion events between exocytic vesicles and the plasma membrane; however, as loss of syn-1 activity via RNAi does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of syn-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. F35D11.2a Q20040 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F35D11.2b Q8MQ61 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein F35D2.1 Q20045 F35D2.2 Q20044 F35D2.3 Q20043 F35D2.4 Q20046 F35D2.5a Q86NH1 F35D2.5b Q8ISS1 SYnapse Defective F35D2.5c Q86NH0 SYnapse Defective F35D6.1a P17221 The fem-1 gene encodes an ankyrin repeat-containing protein orthologous to human FEM1A and is required for masculinization of germline and somatic tissues; FEM-1 is widely expressed and functions as a second messenger in the sex determination pathway, connecting the membrane protein TRA-2A to the transcription factor TRA-1A which it negatively regulates; FEM-1 may also play a role in apoptosis, as it is a substrate for the CED-3 protease and can induce apoptosis when overexpressed in mammalian cells. F35D6.1b Q95ZU3 FEMinization of XX and XO animals F35E12.1 O02354 F35E12.10 O02362 F35E12.2 O02355 F35E12.3 O02356 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F35E12.4 O02359 F35E12.5 O02357 F35E12.6 O02358 F35E12.7 O02360 F35E12.8 O01983 F35E12.9 O02361 F35E2.1 O62224 F35E2.2 O62225 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F35E2.3 O62229 F35E2.5 O62223 F35E2.6 O62230 F35E2.7 O62227 F35E2.8 O62228 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F35E2.9 O62231 F35E8.1 O46356 F35E8.10 O46357 F35E8.11 O45456 cdr-1 encodes a member of the cadmium-inducible lysosomal family that affects susceptibility to cadmium toxicity; expressed in intestinal cells. F35E8.12 O45449 F35E8.13 O46357 F35E8.2 O45454 F35E8.4 O46356 F35E8.6 O45452 F35E8.7 O45453 F35E8.8 O45451 F35E8.9 O45450 F35F10.8 Q9GYT9 F35F11.1 Q9N5U5 F35F11.2 Q9N5U6 F35F11.3 Q9N5U7 F35G12.10 Q20053 ASB-1 has 71% identity to ASB-2 (216/303 residues). F35G12.11 Q20057 F35G12.12 Q20058 F35G12.1a Q20048 F35G12.1 is orthologous to the human gene MALONYL-COA DECARBOXYLASE (MLYCD; OMIM:606761), which when mutated leads to disease. F35G12.2 Q20049 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F35G12.3a Q20050 sel-5 encodes a serine/threonine kinase most similar to mammalian GAK1 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pak1p; SEL-5 is required for LIN-12/Notch-mediated signaling events that instruct cells of equivalent developmental potential to adopt distinct fates; sel-5 encodes two protein kinase isoforms generated from alternatively spliced mRNAs and appears to influence cell fate decisions by acting before or during ligand-dependent release of the LIN-12 intracellular domain. F35G12.3b Q20056 serine/threonine kinase F35G12.4a Q20059 F35G12.4b Q20059 WD domain, G-beta repeat F35G12.5 Q20055 F35G12.6 Q20054 Although it is generally assumed that C. elegans genes are regulated by their promoter regions alone, mab-21 (like osm-9) uses an enhancer 3' to its protein-coding sequences to control part of its transcriptional pattern (in the case of mab-21, expression in ray 6). F35G12.7 Q20051 F35G12.8 Q20060 smc-4 is paralogous to dpy-27, and either the SMC-4 or the DPY-27 protein binds the MIX-1 protein in coimmunoprecipitation assays. F35G12.9 Q20052 apc-11 encodes a predicted key catalytic subunit of the anaphase promoting complex that is required for embryonic development past the embryonic one- cell stage. F35G2.1a Q20063 F35G2.2 Q20062 F35G2.3 Q20064 F35G2.4 Q20065 F35G2.5 Q20066 F35G8.1 Q20067 F35H10.1 P09588 his-30 encodes an H2A histone; by homology, HIS-30 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-30 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in the HIS5 cluster on chromosome IV. F35H10.10 Q20073 F35H10.11 P04255 his-29 encodes an H2B histone. F35H10.2 Q20075 F35H10.3 Q20074 F35H10.4 Q20072 F35H10.5 Q20071 F35H10.6 Q20070 F35H10.7 Q20069 F35H12.3 P52166 The sel-12 gene encodes a ortholog of human PS1, which when mutated leads to type 3 Alzheimer disease (OMIM:104311); it is also homologous to PS2, which when mutated leads type 4 Alzheimer disease (OMIM:600759). F35H8.1 Q20080 F35H8.2 Q20081 F35H8.3 Q20082 F35H8.4 Q20083 F35H8.5 Q20084 exc-7 encodes an ELAV, an mRNA-binding protein homologous to Drosophila ELAV and human HuC/D (OMIM:603458, 168360, autoimmune antigens associated with paraneoplastic neurologic disorders); EXC-7 is required for formation of the tailspike and the excretory cell canals; exc-7 mutations enhance defects produced by mutations in exc-3, predicted to encode a peptidase, and sma-1, which encodes beta H-spectrin, a key component of the apical cytokeleton of polarized epithelial cells such as the excretory cell; in vitro, EXC-7 can bind the sma-1 mRNA 3' UTR, and thus is predicted to regulate SMA-1 expression in vivo; EXC-7 is expressed transiently in the excretory cell nucleus during mid-embryogenesis and during larval stages is detected in the pharynx, nerve ring, and nerve cord nuclei. F35H8.6 Q20086 F35H8.7 Q20085 F36A2.10 Q9XVP1 F36A2.11 Q9XVN7 F36A2.12 Q9XVP2 F36A2.13 O17858 F36A2.14 Q65ZA8 F36A2.1a Q9XVN9 F36A2.1b Q8I4J5 F36A2.2 Q9XVN8 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F36A2.3 O62128 F36A2.4 P90863 F36A2.6 Q9XVP0 rps-15 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S15 protein. F36A2.7 P90860 F36A2.8 P90861 F36A2.9a P90862 F36A2.9b Q8I4J6 F36A4.1 Q20096 F36A4.10 P34687 col-34 encodes a cuticle collagen protein and is a critical component of male tail cuticle organization affecting ray morphology. F36A4.11 Q20088 F36A4.14 Q20097 F36A4.2 Q20095 F36A4.3 Q20094 F36A4.4 Q20093 F36A4.5 Q20092 F36A4.6 Q20091 col-33 encodes a predicted cuticular collagen; by homology, col-33 is predicted to play a role in cuticle biosynthesis and regulation of body size and morphogenesis; however, as loss of col-33 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of COL-33 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. F36A4.7 P16356 In addition to embryonic development, ama-1 is required for larval development and fertility. F36A4.8 Q20089 F36D1.1 Q9XV35 F36D1.2 Q9XV41 F36D1.3 Q9XV42 F36D1.4 Q9XV40 F36D1.5 Q9XV39 F36D1.6 Q9XV38 F36D1.7 Q9XV43 F36D1.8 Q9XV37 F36D1.9 Q6BER4 F36D3.1 O45458 F36D3.10 O45467 F36D3.13 Q7YTN6 F36D3.2 O45460 F36D3.3 O45459 F36D3.4 O45462 F36D3.5 O45463 F36D3.6 O45461 F36D3.7 O45465 F36D3.8 O45464 F36D3.9 O45466 F36D4.3a Q95ZU1 hum-2 is orthologous to the human gene MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN 12 (MYO5A; OMIM:160777), which when mutated leads to disease. F36D4.3b Q17383 Heavy chain, Unconventional Myosin F36D4.3c Q8MYQ0 Heavy chain, Unconventional Myosin F36D4.3e Q8I7K3 Heavy chain, Unconventional Myosin F36D4.3f Q8I7K2 Heavy chain, Unconventional Myosin F36F12.1 O76403 F36F12.2 O76399 F36F12.3 O76396 F36F12.4 O76397 F36F12.5 O76400 F36F12.6 O76401 F36F12.7 O76402 F36F12.8 O76398 F36F2.1 O62234 F36F2.2 O62233 F36F2.3 O62235 F36F2.4 O62236 F36F2.5 O62237 tax-2 is orthologous to the human gene ROD PHOTORECEPTOR CNG-CHANNEL BETA SUBUNIT (CNGB1; OMIM:600724), which when mutated leads to disease. F36F2.6 Q95QG8 F36F2.7 Q7YTN1 F36F2.8 Q7YTN0 F36G3.1 Q09560 F36G3.2 Q09318 F36G3.3 Q7YX40 F36G9.1 O45472 F36G9.11 O45469 F36G9.12 O45470 F36G9.13 O45471 F36G9.14 O45480 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F36G9.15 O45468 F36G9.16 Q7YTM3 F36G9.2 O45473 F36G9.3 Q9XV34 F36G9.5 O45474 F36G9.6 O45475 F36G9.7 O45477 F36G9.8 O45476 F36G9.9 O45478 F36H1.1 Q20107 fkb-1 encodes a homolog of mouse FK506-binding protein 2. F36H1.10 Q7YTM7 F36H1.11 Q7YTM6 F36H1.12 Q7YTM5 F36H1.2 Q20109 F36H1.3 Q20108 F36H1.4a Q03345 The lin-3 gene encodes a member of the EGF family of peptide growth factors, that affects induction of vulval development, viability, ovulation, and male spicule deveopment; it acts genetically upstream of let-23, and is expressed in the anchor cell of the developing gonad. F36H1.4b Q03345 lin-3 growth factor precursor F36H1.4c Q03345 lin-3 growth factor precursor F36H1.5 Q20106 F36H1.6 Q19428 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F36H1.9 Q7YTM8 F36H12.1 O76722 F36H12.10 Q9TZQ1 F36H12.11 O76710 F36H12.13 O76713 F36H12.14 O76714 F36H12.15 O76716 F36H12.16 O76718 F36H12.17 O76721 F36H12.2 O76720 F36H12.3 O76719 F36H12.4 O76717 F36H12.5 O76715 F36H12.7 P53017 F36H12.8 O76712 F36H12.9 O76711 F36H2.1a O45878 F36H2.1b Q7YSI2 Transbilayer Amphipath Transporters (subfamily IV P-type ATPase) F36H2.2 Q93690 F36H2.3a Q93691 F36H2.3b Q7JL32 Complement factor H precursor like F36H5.1 P91300 The F36H5.1 gene encodes a protein closely similar to F36H5.2, which has a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain and may be involved in apoptosis. F36H5.10 Q95ZM0 F36H5.11 Q95ZM1 F36H5.2a Q8MPV3 The F36H5.2 gene encodes a protein with a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain that may be involved in apoptosis. F36H5.2b Q8MPV2 F36H5.2c Q86LS2 F36H5.3 P91298 F36H5.4 P91297 F36H5.5 P91296 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F36H5.6 P91292 F36H5.8 P91294 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F36H5.9 P91295 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F36H9.3 O16619 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F37A4.1 P41879 F37A4.2 P41880 F37A4.3 P41881 F37A4.4 P41882 F37A4.5 P41883 F37A4.6 P41884 F37A4.7a P41885 F37A4.7b P41885 RaBPHilin F37A4.7c P41885 RaBPHilin F37A4.7d P41885 RaBPHilin F37A4.8 P41877 isw-1 encodes a homolog of the chromatin remodeling ATPase ISW1 that may act downstream of or in parallel to synMuv genes, and upstream of or in parallel to the RTK Ras pathway. F37A4.9 P41886 The F37A4.9 gene encodes a protein with a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain that may be involved in apoptosis. F37A8.1 Q20111 F37A8.2 Q20112 F37A8.4 Q20114 nlp-10 encodes four predicted neuropeptide-like proteins; nlp-10 is part of a GGxY neuropeptide family that has members in several other nematode species; nlp-10 is expressed in a variety of neurons, including ASK, ADL, CAN, two lateral neurons, two anterior pharyngeal neurons, one tail neuron, and one male tail neuron; as loss of nlp-10 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of nlp-10-encoded peptides in development and/or behavior is not yet known. F37A8.5 Q9U3G6 F37B1.1 Q93694 F37B1.2 Q93695 F37B1.3 Q93696 F37B1.4 Q93697 F37B1.5 Q93698 F37B1.6 Q93699 F37B1.7 Q93700 F37B1.8 Q93701 F37B12.1 Q20116 F37B12.2 Q20117 gcs-1 is orthologous to the human gene SIMILAR TO GLUTAMATE-CYSTEINE LIGASE, CATALYTIC SUBUNIT (GCLC; OMIM:606857), which when mutated leads to disease. F37B12.3 Q20118 F37B12.4 O01049 F37B4.1 O45171 F37B4.10 O45167 F37B4.11 Q9TXS5 F37B4.12 Q9TXS6 F37B4.13 Q9BKN9 F37B4.2 O45168 All eleven intermediate filament proteins exhibit a lamin-like length of the coil 1b domain, but only the A and B subgroups have a lamin homology segment in the tail domain. F37B4.3 O45165 F37B4.4 O45163 F37B4.5 O45162 F37B4.6 O45164 F37B4.7 O45166 Mutation of human SLC19A2 leads to thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anaemia (OMIM:249270). F37B4.8 O45170 F37B4.9 O45169 F37C12.1 Q20124 F37C12.10 Q20126 F37C12.11 P49197 rps-21 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S21 protein; by homology, RPS-21 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-21 activity is required for embryonic and germline development, as well as the overall health of the animal. F37C12.12 Q20127 mec-14 encodes a protein with similarity to the beta-subunits of Shaker-type potassium channels, which are members of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily; MEC-14 is required for response to gentle touch by the six touch receptor neurons, and likely functions to regulate activity of the MEC-4 and MEC-10 degenerin channels; mec-14 expression is detected solely in the touch receptor neurons and is dependent on the MEC-3 LIM domain transcription factor; proper MEC-14 localization in the touch receptor neurons is dependent on MEC-12/alpha-tubulin. F37C12.13a Q20128 F37C12.13b Q8MNS7 F37C12.14 Q20125 F37C12.15 P83260 F37C12.16 P83260 F37C12.17 P54142 F37C12.2 Q20123 F37C12.3 Q20122 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F37C12.4 P49181 rpl-36 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L36 protein; by homology, RPL-36 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPL-36 activity is required for embryonic and germline development and normal postembryonic growth rates. F37C12.7 Q20121 F37C12.9 P48150 rps-14 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S14 protein; by homology, RPS-14 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-14 activity is required for embryonic and germline development, as well as the overall health of the animal. F37D6.1 Q20129 F37D6.2a Q20130 F37D6.2b Q8WQF4 Zinc finger, C2H2 type (2 domains) F37D6.3 Q20131 F37D6.4 Q20132 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F37D6.6 Q9N638 F37E3.1 O01763 F37E3.2 O01764 F37E3.3 O01765 F37F2.2 O61749 F37F2.3 O61750 F37H8.1 O17862 lir-3 encodes a lin-26-related protein that shares a unique C2H2 motif together with lir-1, lir-2 and lin-26; contains a region rich in acidic residues suggesting that it may be a transcription factor. F37H8.2 O17864 F37H8.3 O17860 F37H8.4 O17863 F37H8.5 O17861 F38A1.1 O02255 F38A1.10 O02257 F38A1.11 O45481 F38A1.13 O45483 F38A1.14 Q7YX15 F38A1.4 O45484 F38A1.5 O45485 F38A1.6 O45482 F38A1.7 O02258 F38A1.8 O17865 F38A1.9 O02256 F38A3.1 Q20135 F38A3.2 Q20136 ram-2 encodes a cuticle collagen that interacts with unc-6 to affect ray cell migration, and interacts with unc-5 and unc-6 to affect embryonic viability; also affects ray morphology in males such that the structural cells and the hypodermis of the rays are swollen in mutants. F38A5.10 Q94210 F38A5.11 Q94213 F38A5.12 Q94214 F38A5.13 Q94216 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. F38A5.14 Q7YXG9 F38A5.1a Q94218 F38A5.1b Q86MF8 F38A5.2a Q95Q56 F38A5.2b Q95Q55 F38A5.3a Q94215 lec-11 encodes a predicted member of the galectin family that shares highest similarity with lec-7 through lec-10 within the C-terminal tail and also shares a higher relative histidine content in common with lec-7 through lec-10; can bind sugar in vitro. F38A5.3b Q86MF7 gaLECtin F38A5.5 Q94212 F38A5.6 Q94211 F38A5.7 Q94207 F38A5.8 Q94208 F38A5.9 Q94209 F38A6.1 Q17381 F38A6.2 O45487 elp-1 encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that is the sole C. elegans EMAP (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein) homolog; ELP-1 binds microtubules in vitro, but as loss of ELP-1 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of ELP-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; ELP-1 is expressed in many tissues, including body wall muscle, male-specific sex muscles, the vulva, spermatheca, sensory neurons, and intestinal cells. F38A6.3a O45486 This suggests that AHA-1 is translocated to the nucleus as part of a heterodimer with HIF-1. F38A6.3b Q9TVM0 HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) homolog F38A6.3c Q8I4D0 HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) homolog F38A6.3d Q8I066 HIF (hypoxia inducible factor) homolog F38A6.4 Q7YX16 F38B2.1a P90901 All eleven intermediate filament proteins exhibit a lamin-like length of the coil 1b domain, but only the A and B subgroups have a lamin homology segment in the tail domain. F38B2.1b P90901 intermediate filament protein F38B2.2 Q20138 F38B2.3 Q20139 F38B2.4 Q20140 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F38B6.1 Q20148 F38B6.2 Q20147 F38B6.3 Q20145 F38B6.4 Q20143 F38B6.5a Q20142 F38B6.5b Q7YZV5 COLlagen F38B6.6 Q20144 F38B6.7 Q20146 F38B7.1a Q20155 F38B7.1b Q7YXD9 TIS11B protein like F38B7.2 Q20149 F38B7.3 Q20151 F38B7.4 Q20152 F38B7.5 Q8IU19 F38B7.7 Q7JLI7 F38B7.8 Q7JLI6 F38C2.1 O45488 F38C2.2 O45489 F38C2.4 O45490 F38C2.5 O45491 F38C2.6 O45492 F38C2.7 O45493 F38C2.8 Q86D08 F38E1.10 Q20159 F38E1.11 Q20161 F38E1.2 Q20162 F38E1.3 Q20160 F38E1.5 P22454 gpa-2 affects dauer formation in a gpa-3 mutant background and chemotaxis to water-soluble odorants in a gpa-1; gpa-3 double knockout genetic background. F38E1.6 Q20158 F38E1.7 Q10459 While kin-19(RNAi) and mom-2(RNAi) enhance apr-1(RNAi), they do not enhance RNAi of each other. F38E1.8 Q20156 F38E1.9 Q20157 F38E11.1 Q20164 F38E11.12 Q7Z205 F38E11.2 Q20165 F38E11.3 Q20166 One alternative splice product of the mammalian cypin/guanine aminohydrolase gene, predominantly expressed in brain, interacts with the MAGUK protein NE-dlg/SAP102; gene products are also polarized to basal membranes in intestinal epithelial cells. F38E11.4 Q20167 F38E11.6a Q20169 F38E11.6b Q86D11 F38E11.7 Q20170 Since the Hog domain of hedgehog family members is responsible for anchoring the N-terminus to a cholesterol adduct, it has been proposed that proteins containing only the Wart domain might function as freely diffusible signaling molecules. F38E11.9 Q20171 F38E9.1 Q20177 F38E9.2 Q20176 F38E9.3 Q20175 F38E9.4 Q20174 F38E9.5 Q20173 F38E9.6 Q20172 F38G1.1 Q9XZP7 che-2 encodes a protein that contains G-protein beta-like WD-40 repeats that affects chemotaxis, dauer formation, and longevity; expressed in the cilia of most ciliated sensory neurons, some head neurons, and male tail rays. F38G1.2 Q9Y042 Cell ablation experiments show that EGL-17 and a second, repellent, gonad-dependent regulator of sex myoblast migration probably arise from the same cells; this gonad-dependent repulsion requires unc-14, unc-33, unc-44, and unc-51, a set of four genes known to affect multiple aspects of axonogenesis. F38H12.1 O16348 F38H12.2 O16347 F38H12.3 O16346 F38H12.5 O16345 F38H4.1 Q20181 F38H4.10 Q20186 F38H4.2 Q20182 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F38H4.3 Q20178 F38H4.4 Q20179 F38H4.5 Q20180 F38H4.6 Q20185 F38H4.7 Q20183 F38H4.8 Q20184 F38H4.9 Q27498 let-92 alleles are generally larval lethal, while let-92(RNAi) has more severe phenotypes (Emb and Lvl), indicating a requirement of LET-92 for both embryonic and larval viability in mass RNAi assays. F39B1.1 Q20187 F39B2.1 O45494 F39B2.10 O45502 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. F39B2.11 O45503 F39B2.2 O45495 uev-1 encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC or E2) variant that contains the characteristic UBC motif, but lacks the critical active-site cysteine residue necessary for catalytic activity; as loss of UEV-1 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of UEV-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; UEV-1 does, however, interact with a number of proteins, such as UBC-13, that are likely involved in the response to DNA damage; thus, UEV-1 may play a role in ubiquitination and protein turnover in conjunction with DNA repair or the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. F39B2.3 O45496 F39B2.4a Q10669 F39B2.4b Q10669 SUppressor of activated let-60 Ras F39B2.5 O45498 F39B2.6 O45499 rps-26 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S26 protein; by homology, RPS-26 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-26 activity is required for embryonic, larval, and germline development, as well as normal locomotion and body morphology. F39B2.7 Q9XTZ1 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F39B2.8 O45500 F39B3.2 Q94219 F39B3.3 Q94221 F39C12.1 O61201 F39C12.2a Q9U9K0 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F39C12.2b Q9U9K0 ADDucin F39C12.2c Q9U9K0 ADDucin F39C12.2d Q9U9K0 ADDucin F39C12.2e Q7YZV8 ADDucin F39C12.3a O44582 F39C12.3b Q95X63 TetraSPanin family F39D8.1a Q8I4J4 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F39D8.1b Q8I4J3 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein F39D8.1c Q20189 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein F39D8.2 Q20188 F39D8.3 Q20190 F39D8.4 Q20191 F39E9.1 O17116 F39E9.11 Q8ITZ2 F39E9.12 Q8ITZ1 F39E9.2 O17112 F39E9.3 O17111 F39E9.5 O17114 F39E9.6 O17115 F39E9.6 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F39E9.6 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F39E9.7 O17113 F39F10.2 Q20193 F39F10.3 Q20192 F39F10.4 Q20194 F39F10.5 Q20196 F39G3.1 O16276 F39G3.2 O16275 F39G3.3 O16274 F39G3.4 O16272 F39G3.5a O16271 F39G3.5b Q6EZH1 F39G3.6 O16269 F39G3.7 O16270 F39G3.8 O16273 It currently has no published mutant phenotype. F39H11.1 P90867 F39H11.2 P90869 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F39H11.3 P90866 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F39H11.5 P90868 pbs-7 encodes a B-type subunit of the 26S proteasome's 20S protease core particle; by homology, PBS-7 is predicted to function in ATP/ubiquitin-dependent nonlysosomal protein degradation; loss of pbs-7 activity via large-scale RNAi screens indicates that, in C. elegans, PBS-7 is required for normal movement and for embryonic, germline, and larval development. F39H12.1 Q20198 F39H12.2 Q20197 F39H12.3 Q20199 F39H12.4 Q9TXI8 F39H2.1 Q93702 F39H2.2a O18161 cyp-14 encodes a predicted cyclophilin. F39H2.2b Q8I4J2 peptidylprolyl isomerase F39H2.3 P90872 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F39H2.4 O62238 F39H2.5 Q8T3E0 F40A3.1 O16267 F40A3.2 O16265 F40A3.3 O16264 F40A3.4 O16263 F40A3.5 O16262 F40A3.6 O16266 F40A3.7 O16268 F40B1.1 O76568 F40B1.2 O76569 F40B5.1 Q09319 F40B5.1 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F40B5.1 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F40B5.2a Q09320 F40B5.2b Q09320 F40B5.3 Q95ZU0 F40B5.3 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F40B5.3 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F40C5.1 Q9N5U3 F40C5.2 Q9N5U4 F40C5.3 Q9N5U2 F40D4.1 Q9XV29 F40D4.11 Q9XV25 F40D4.12 Q9XV32 F40D4.13 Q9XV33 F40D4.2 Q9U3G3 F40D4.3 Q9U3G2 F40D4.5 Q9XV30 F40D4.6 Q9XV28 F40D4.7 Q9XV31 F40D4.8 Q9XV24 F40D4.9a Q9XV27 F40E10.1 Q21059 hch-1 encodes a member of the zinc-dependent metalloprotease family that contains an epidermal growth factor-like domain, a CUB domain, and a TSP1 domain and affects hatching and QL neuroblast migration. F40E10.2 Q20201 F40E10.3 Q20203 F40E10.4 Q20204 F40E10.5 Q20202 F40E10.6 Q19985 F40E12.1 O16569 F40E12.2 O16568 F40E3.2 O01549 F40E3.3 O01548 F40E3.5 O01550 F40E3.6 O01551 F40F11.1 Q20206 rps-11 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S11 protein; by homology, RPS-11 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-11 activity is required for embryonic and germline development, as well as the overall health of the animal. F40F11.2 Q20207 F40F11.3 Q20208 F40F11.4 Q20209 F40F12.1 Q7JMS9 F40F12.3 Q7JMS7 F40F12.4 Q7JMS6 F40F12.5 Q7JMS4 F40F12.5 is orthologous to the human gene CYLINDROMATOSIS (TURBAN TUMOR SYNDROME) (CYLD; OMIM:605018), which when mutated leads to disease. F40F12.7 Q7JMS5 F40F4.1 Q20225 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F40F4.2 Q20224 lbp-2 encodes a homolog of the novel fatty acid binding protein, As-p18, found in the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum; As-p18 is a member of a family of small intracellular fatty acid binding proteins (iFABPs); the expression pattern of lpb-2 is consistent with it being secreted into the perienteric fluid where it may play a role in lipid transport beween the intestine and body wall; a lbp-2 promoter::gfp fusion reporter is restricted to body wall muscle cells abutting the pseudocoelom. F40F4.3 Q20223 F40F4.4 Q20222 F40F4.5 Q20221 The functional significance of these sequence alterations is not yet known. F40F4.6 Q20219 F40F4.7 Q20220 F40F4.8 Q95ZT9 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F40F8.1 Q20230 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F40F8.10 Q20228 rps-9 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S9 protein. F40F8.3 Q20231 F40F8.4 Q20226 F40F8.5 Q20227 F40F8.7 Q20233 pqm-1 encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger and leucine zipper-containing protein that is upregulated in response to oxidative stress induced by paraquat treatment; PQM-1 may function as a stress-responsive transcription factor. F40F8.8 Q20232 F40F8.9 Q20229 F40F9.10 Q20240 F40F9.1a Q8MQ56 F40F9.1b Q8MQ55 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor associated protein F40F9.2 Q20241 tag-120 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein; as loss of tag-120 activity via RNAi does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of TAG-120 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; however, TAG-120 is homologous to a Drosophila NMDA receptor-associated protein and mammalian transmembrane proteins that function in Fas-mediated cell death, so TAG-120 may play a role in neuronal functions and/or apoptosis; a tag-120 reporter fusion is expressed in the nervous system, pharyngeal muscles, and to a lesser extent in the excretory system. F40F9.3 Q20234 F40F9.4 Q20235 F40F9.5 Q20236 F40F9.6a Q20239 F40F9.6b Q9U3F8 F40F9.7a Q20237 F40F9.7b Q86G95 F40F9.8 Q20238 F40F9.9 Q20243 F40G12.1 Q20249 F40G12.10 Q20252 F40G12.11 Q19458 F40G12.2 Q20247 F40G12.3 Q20253 F40G12.4 Q20250 F40G12.5 Q20246 F40G12.6 Q20245 F40G12.7 Q20248 F40G12.8 Q20244 F40G12.9 Q20251 F40G9.1 Q9TZ67 F40G9.10 Q9TZ75 F40G9.11 Q9TZ70 F40G9.12 Q9TZ76 F40G9.14 Q9TZ74 F40G9.2 Q9TZ68 F40G9.3 Q9TZ69 F40G9.4 Q9TZ71 F40G9.5 Q9TZ72 F40G9.6 Q9TZ73 F40G9.7 Q9TZ78 F40G9.8 Q9TZ79 F40G9.9 Q9TZ77 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F40H3.1 Q9TZK2 F40H3.2 Q9TZK3 F40H3.3 Q9TZK4 F40H3.4 Q9TZK1 F40H3.5 Q9TZK5 F40H3.6 Q965I3 F40H6.1 Q20258 F40H6.2 Q20256 F40H6.4 Q20257 tbx-11 encodes a T-box transcription factor that is orthologous to members of the Tbx2 subfamily of T-box transcription factors; by homology, TBX-11 is predicted to function in transcriptional regulation during cellular differentiation, potentially as both an activator and a repressor; however, as loss of tbx-11 function via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of tbx-11 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. F40H6.5 Q09277 F40H7.2 O17096 F40H7.4 O17089 F40H7.5 O17091 F40H7.7 O17092 F40H7.8 O17093 F41A4.1 O61834 F41B4.1 Q966J6 F41B4.2a Q966J5 F41B4.2b Q7Z297 F41B4.3 Q966J4 F41B4.4a Q8MXV8 F41B4.4b Q8MXV7 GLutamate Receptor family (AMPA) F41B5.10 O16677 F41B5.2 O16673 F41B5.3 O16671 F41B5.4 O16670 F41B5.6 O16669 F41B5.7 O16672 F41B5.8 O16674 F41B5.9 O16676 F41C3.1 Q20266 F41C3.11 Q20261 F41C3.2 Q20265 F41C3.3 Q20264 F41C3.4 Q20263 F41C3.5 P52717 F41C3.6 Q20262 F41C3.7 Q20260 F41C3.8 Q20259 F41C6.1 P34710 In mammals, phosphorylated UNC-5 (RCM) is bound by Shp2. F41C6.2 Q20267 F41C6.3 Q20268 F41C6.4 Q20269 F41C6.5 Q20270 F41C6.6 Q20271 F41C6.7 Q20272 F41D3.1 O45505 F41D3.10 O45509 F41D3.11 O45514 F41D3.2 O45506 F41D3.3 O45507 F41D3.4 O45508 F41D3.5 O45509 F41D3.6 O45510 F41D3.7 O45511 F41D3.8 O45512 F41D3.9 O45513 F41D9.1 Q94222 F41D9.2 Q94223 F41D9.3a Q8MPV1 F41D9.3b Q8MPU9 Wrapper/Rega-1/Klingon homolog F41D9.3c Q8MPV0 Wrapper/Rega-1/Klingon homolog F41D9.3d Q7Z296 Wrapper/Rega-1/Klingon homolog F41D9.3e Q5WRR1 Wrapper/Rega-1/Klingon homolog F41D9.5 Q94225 F41E6.2 O16462 Since the Hog domain of hedgehog family members is responsible for anchoring the N-terminus to a cholesterol adduct, it has been proposed that proteins containing only the Ground domain might function as freely diffusible signaling molecules. F41E7.1 Q20273 F41E7.2 Q20274 F41E7.3 Q20275 F41E7.4 Q20276 F41E7.5 Q20277 F41E7.6 Q20278 F41E7.7 Q20279 F41E7.8 Q9XVW3 F41E7.9 Q7YST6 F41F3.1 Q20283 F41F3.2 Q20280 F41F3.3 Q20281 F41F3.4 Q20282 F41F3.5 Q20284 F41F3.6 Q20285 F41F3.7 Q20286 F41G3.1 Q20295 F41G3.10 Q20289 F41G3.11 Q20290 F41G3.12 Q86FL4 F41G3.14 Q95QG7 F41G3.15 Q86FT0 F41G3.16 Q7JP82 ins-14 encodes one of several insulin-related peptides; genetic studies indicate that ins-14 acts as an agonist of daf-2 which is involved in non-dauer development and adult life span; the ins-14::gfp transgene is expressed in many neurons, the instestine and in vulval muscles. F41G3.17 Q7JP83 Like the mitogenic stimulators IGF-I and IGF-II, INS-15 does not contain the internal C peptide that is proteolytically cleaved from insulin, a metabolic regulator. F41G3.2 Q20293 F41G3.3 Q20292 F41G3.4 Q20291 F41G3.5 Q20288 F41G3.6 Q20287 F41G4.1 Q95YA5 F41G4.2a Q95YA9 adenylyl cyclase-associated protein. F41G4.2b Q95YB0 adenylyl cyclase-associated protein F41G4.3a Q95YA8 F41G4.3b Q7YZV7 STOmatin F41G4.3c Q7YZV6 STOmatin F41G4.4 Q95YA7 F41G4.5 Q95YA6 F41G4.7 Q8WTN3 F41G4.8 Q95YA4 F41H10.10 Q20305 F41H10.11 Q9BI89 F41H10.12 Q95QG6 F41H10.2 Q20301 F41H10.3a Q20299 F41H10.3b Q8MQ54 F41H10.4 Q20298 F41H10.5 Q20297 F41H10.6a Q20296 F41H10.6b Q20296 F41H10.7 Q20300 In mass RNAi assays, elo-5(RNAi) animals grow abnormally slowly, and in individual assays, they display visibly altered fatty acid composition and multiple growth defects. F41H10.8 Q20303 It is likely that elo-6 encodes an elongase component, but its actual biochemical activity is not yet known. F41H10.9 Q20304 F41H8.1 Q9UAQ1 F41H8.2 Q9UAQ0 F41H8.4 Q965G4 F42A10.2a Q20307 nfm-1 encodes a homolog of human merlin/schwannomin (NF2), which when mutated leads to neurofibromatosis, type 2 (OMIM:101000); at the same time, it is also homologous to the ERM family of cytoskeletal linkers with approximately equal similarity to ezrin, radixin and moesin. F42A10.2b Q95QG5 NeuroFibroMatosis homolog F42A10.2c Q5LK46 NeuroFibroMatosis homolog F42A10.4a O01991 efk-1 encodes a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase with homology to human elongation factor-2 kinase; expressed in only a few cells in embryos. F42A10.4b O01991 Elongation Factor Kinase F42A6.1 O44491 F42A6.2 O44489 F42A6.3 O44484 F42A6.4 O44485 F42A6.5 O44486 F42A6.6 O44487 F42A6.7a Q22037 hrp-1 and vab-7 (a C. elegans even-skipped homolog) may thus act as transcriptional repressors in C. elegans. F42A6.7b Q95X69 human HnRNP A1 homolog F42A6.8 O44488 F42A6.9 O44490 F42A8.1 Q09321 F42A8.2 Q09545 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F42A8.3 Q09322 F42A9.1a Q20320 F42A9.1b Q20320 kinase F42A9.2 Q20318 F42A9.3 Q20316 F42A9.4 Q20315 F42A9.5 Q27499 F42A9.6 Q20314 F42A9.7 Q95ZT8 F42A9.8 Q20317 F42A9.9 Q7YXH0 F42C5.10 Q20330 F42C5.2 Q20325 F42C5.3 Q20322 F42C5.4 Q20323 F42C5.5 Q20324 F42C5.6 Q20326 F42C5.7 Q20327 F42C5.8 P48156 rps-8 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S8 protein; by homology, RPS-8 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-8 activity is required for germline development and the overall health of the animal. F42C5.9 Q20329 F42D1.2 Q93703 F42D1.3 Q93704 F42E11.1 Q20331 F42E11.2a Q20332 F42E11.2b Q7JM69 F42E11.2c Q8MQ53 F42E11.3 Q20333 F42E11.4 Q20334 tni-1 encodes a member of the troponin family that affects body morphology, locomotion, egg laying, and epithelial morphogenesis in a large-scale RNAi analysis. F42E8.1 Q20336 F42E8.2 Q20337 F42F12.1 Q20345 F42F12.10 Q8I4J1 F42F12.2 Q20339 F42F12.3 Q20344 F42F12.4 Q20340 F42F12.6 Q20342 F42F12.7 Q20342 F42F12.8 Q8I4J1 F42F12.9 Q8I4J0 F42G10.1 Q09393 F42G10.1 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F42G10.1 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F42G10.2 Q20347 F42G2.2 O17101 F42G2.3 O17100 F42G2.4a Q6HAE6 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F42G2.4b Q6HAE7 F42G2.5 O17099 F42G2.6 O17102 F42G4.2 Q9XVN6 F42G4.3a Q9U3F4 Human LPP is found in a translocation t(3;12) of benign lipomas, and has also been found in a t(3;11)(q28;q23) translocation associated with acute myeloid leukemia. F42G4.3b Q9U3F5 LIM domain containing proteins F42G4.5 Q9XVN5 F42G4.6 Q9XTC9 F42G4.7 Q7YX20 F42G8.10a O44509 F42G8.10b Q86MF9 F42G8.11 O44511 sph-1 encodes a member of the synaptophysin/synaptoporin family that contains a MARVEL domain, a membrane-associating domain found in lipid-associating proteins, and contains a transmembrane domain. F42G8.12 O44512 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F42G8.3a Q8MXI4 Like mammalian p38, PMK-2 phosphorylates activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2); PMK-2, in turn, is phosphorylated and activated in vitro by an active form of MAPK/ERK kinase 6 (MEK6). F42G8.3b Q8MXI4 P38 Map Kinase family F42G8.4 O44514 pmk-1, -2, and -3 comprise an operon. F42G8.5 O44513 F42G8.6 O44510 F42G8.7 O44508 F42G8.8 O44507 F42G8.9 O44506 F42G9.2 P52014 cyp-6 encodes a cyclophilin most similar to human secreted cyclophilin type B isoforms that is functional when expressed in E. coli; it is expressed in the intestine. F42G9.5a Q20352 F42G9.5b Q8MNS6 ALdehyde deHydrogenase F42G9.9a O02592 ptl-1 encodes a microtubule-binding protein that is homologous to members of the tau/MAP2/MAP4 subfamily of microtubule-associated proteins (OMIM:157140, abnormal aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau are associated with several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, and corticobasal degeneration); by homology, PTL-1 is predicted to promote microtubule assembly and stability, and to play a role in maintaining neuronal integrity and axonal transport; in vitro, bacterially expressed PTL-1 can bind microtubules; ptl-1 mRNA is expressed at highest levels in the embryo and early larval stages, while PTL-1 is detected in embryonic hypodermis and head neurons and then in the mechanosensory neurons, ALML, ALMR, AVM, PLML, and PLMR, in larvae and adults; as loss of ptl-1 function via mutation or large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of PTL-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. F42G9.9b Q95QG4 Protein with Tau-Like repeats F42G9.9c P90973 Protein with Tau-Like repeats F42G9.9d Q8MYP8 Protein with Tau-Like repeats F42H10.2 P34415 F42H10.3 P34416 F42H10.5 P34418 F42H10.6 P34419 F42H10.7a P34420 F42H10.7b Q6AHR6 F42H10.9 P34414 F42H11.1 P90772 F42H11.2 P90874 F43A11.1 Q20355 F43A11.3 Q7YX07 F43A11.4 Q7YX06 F43A11.6 Q7JLI4 F43B10.1 Q9TZN0 F43B10.2 Q9TZM9 F43C1.1 Q09564 F43C1.2a P39745 F43C1.2b P39745 serine/threonine kinase (CDC2/CDC28 subfamily) F43C1.3 Q7K7S3 F43C1.4 Q09565 F43C1.5 Q09394 F43C1.6 Q6A575 F43C1.7 Q6A574 F43C11.1 Q9U5B3 F43C11.10 Q9U5B6 F43C11.11 Q9U5B2 F43C11.12 Q9U5B1 F43C11.2 Q9U5B4 F43C11.3 Q9U5B5 F43C11.4 Q9U5B7 F43C11.5 Q9U5B8 F43C11.6 Q9U5B9 F43C11.7 Q9U5C1 F43C11.8 Q9U5C2 F43C11.9 Q9U5C0 F43C9.1 Q20359 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F43C9.2 Q20358 F43C9.3 Q20357 F43C9.4a Q20360 mig-13 encodes a novel single-pass transmembrane protein with a N-terminal signal sequence and two motifs that have been implicated in protein-protein interactions: a CUB domain and a LDL receptor repeat; mig-13 affects the migration and thus the positioning of the Q neuroblasts and their descendants and also the anterior migration of the BDU neuron and may be a component of a global anterior/posterior migration system; a mig-13-gfp translational fusion protein is expressed in embryonic pharyngeal, hypodermal and anterior body neuronal precursors as well as in the cell bodies and axons of a number of neurons in the retrovascular ganglion and the ventral cord; mig-13 localizes to the plasma membrane; mig-13 expression along the A/P axis is restricted by hox gene activity. F43C9.4b Q7YZV9 abnormal cell MIGration F43D2.1 O17869 F43D2.2 O17870 F43D2.3 Q9XU58 F43D2.4 Q9BMH7 hot-1 encodes a predicted paralog of ODR-2 and contains a Ly-6 domain; may be expressed in neurons. F43D9.1 Q20362 F43D9.2 Q20365 F43D9.3 Q20364 F43D9.4 Q20363 F43D9.5 Q20361 The taf-11.3 gene encodes an ortholog of human TATA-binding protein associated factor TAF11 (TAFII28, OMIM:600772) that is a component of the TFIID general transcription factor that recognizes the transcription start site; TAF-11.3 is required for proper post-embryonic development. F43E2.1 O02094 F43E2.11 Q95R15 F43E2.2 O02092 F43E2.3 O02088 F43E2.4 O02086 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F43E2.5 O02089 F43E2.6a Q95R17 F43E2.6b Q95R16 F43E2.7a O02093 F43E2.7b Q8I7N5 F43E2.8 P20163 hsp-4 encodes a predicted homolog of the mammalian ER chaperone BiP that affects embryonic and larval viability; expression is most prominent in the spermatheca and transcription of hsp-4 is induced in the gut and in the hypodermis upon ER stress. F43E2.9 O02087 F43G6.10 Q9XVX2 F43G6.11a Q8I4I9 F43G6.11b Q8I4I8 F43G6.1a Q20371 F43G6.1b Q9U3F2 yeast DNA helicase/endonuclease family F43G6.2 Q20372 F43G6.3 Q20366 F43G6.4 Q20373 F43G6.5 Q20370 F43G6.6 Q20367 F43G6.7 Q20368 F43G6.8 Q20369 F43G6.9 Q20374 F43G9.1 Q93714 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F43G9.10 Q93712 F43G9.11 Q93721 ces-1 encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor that is a member of the Snail family of proteins that includes Drosophila Scratch, Snail, and Slug, and human SNAIL and SLUG; although the normal function of CES-1 is not fully understood, gain-of-function mutations indicate that CES-1 can function as a transcriptional repressor that blocks programmed cell death in specific neurons by inhibiting expression of the cell-death activator EGL-1; in regulating EGL-1 expression, CES-1 appears to antagonize the transcriptional activity of the bHLH proteins, HLH-2 and HLH-3; despite its cell-type specific role in apoptosis, CES-1 expression is reportedly detected in many embryonic nuclei from the 100-cell stage of embryogenesis through the beginning of morphogenesis, with some CES-1 expression remaining at later embryonic stages; genetic studies indicate that CES-1 is negatively regulated by the bZIP transcription factor CES-2, which can bind CES-1 upstream sequences in vitro and thus may directly regulate CES-1 transcription in vivo. F43G9.12 O01989 F43G9.13 Q95QG3 F43G9.2 Q93715 F43G9.3 Q93717 F43G9.4 Q93718 F43G9.5 Q93716 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. F43G9.6 Q17388 fer-1 encodes a C2-domain containing protein required during spermatogenesis for fusion of membranous vesicles with the spermatid plasma membrane, a process which promotes maturation of spermatids to motile spermatozoa; FER-1 is orthologous to the membrane-anchored cytosolic human protein dysferlin (FLJ00175 or DYSF; OMIM:603009), which when mutated leads to Miyoshi myopathy (OMIM:254130); FER-1 is also homologous to myoferlin (MYOF, OMIM:604603) and otoferlin (OTOF, OMIM:603681), which when mutated leads to autosomal recessive deafness 9 (OMIM:601071); FER-1 mRNA is detected in primary spermatocytes. F43G9.8 Q93720 F43G9.9 Q93713 cpn-1 encodes a calponin homolog, more closely related to calponin per se than to its paralogs transgelin (SM22 alpha) or neuronal protein NP25, that is is dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens, and that has no obvious mutant phenotype in a rearrangement that probably disrupts cpn-1. F43H9.1 Q20376 F43H9.2a Q20375 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F43H9.2b Q95ZT7 F43H9.3 Q20377 F43H9.4 Q95ZT6 F44A2.1a Q27420 F44A2.1b Q95QG2 Temporarily Assigned Gene name F44A2.2 Q20381 F44A2.3 Q20380 F44A2.4 Q20379 F44A2.5a Q20378 F44A2.5b Q8MQ52 F44A2.7 Q20382 F44A6.1a Q20384 Proteins bearing such domains can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype. F44A6.1b Q8MQ51 nucleobindin F44A6.2a P41830 F44A6.2b Q9U3F1 Signal Element on X F44A6.3 Q20385 F44A6.4 Q20386 F44A6.5 Q20387 F44B9.10 Q8MQ50 F44B9.1a P34422 F44B9.1b P34422 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Four (IV) family F44B9.1c P34422 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Four (IV) family F44B9.2 P34423 F44B9.3a P34424 F44B9.3b Q8IG20 CyclIn T F44B9.4a P34425 F44B9.4b Q8IG21 CyclIn T F44B9.4c Q8IG22 CyclIn T F44B9.5 P34426 F44B9.6 P34427 F44B9.7 P34428 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F44B9.8 P34429 F44B9.9 P34430 F44C4.2 Q20389 F44C4.3 P43508 cpr-4 encodes a cathepsin B-like cysteine protease expressed at all life stages. F44C4.4a Q20388 F44C4.4b Q8MQ46 Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Receptor Interacting protein F44C4.4c Q8I7K1 Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Receptor Interacting protein F44C4.5 Q20390 Mutation of human INCL leads to infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (OMIM:256730). F44C8.1 O16362 F44C8.10 Q95X92 F44C8.11 Q95X91 F44C8.2 O16361 F44C8.3 O16360 The nhr-18 gene encodes a homolog of human CYP21, which when mutated leads to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (OMIM:201910). F44C8.4 O16359 F44C8.5a O16358 F44C8.5b Q7KQA0 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family F44C8.6 O16357 F44C8.7 O16356 F44C8.8 O16354 F44C8.9a Q7KQA2 F44C8.9b Q7KQA1 F44D12.1 Q20398 F44D12.10 Q20397 F44D12.2 Q20392 F44D12.3 Q27317 F44D12.4 Q20393 F44D12.5 Q27317 F44D12.6 Q20394 F44D12.7 Q27317 F44D12.8 Q20395 F44D12.9 Q20396 F44E2.10 Q95QG1 F44E2.2a P34431 F44E2.2b P34431 F44E2.2c Q8I7K0 F44E2.3 P34433 F44E2.4 P34434 F44E2.6 P34436 F44E2.7a P34437 F44E2.7b Q8MQ44 F44E2.7c Q8MQ45 F44E2.7d Q629J7 F44E2.8 P34438 F44E2.9 Q9GQ63 F44E5.1 Q9XU97 F44E5.2 Q9XU96 F44E5.3 Q9XU95 F44E5.4 Q9XTL8 F44E5.5 Q9XTL8 F44E7.2 O16247 F44E7.3 O16248 F44E7.4a O16249 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F44E7.4b Q8MXK1 F44E7.4c Q8IA89 F44E7.4d Q6A598 F44E7.5a Q8IA88 F44E7.5b Q8IA87 F44E7.6 O16251 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F44E7.7 O16252 F44E7.8 Q8MXK0 F44E7.9 O16254 F44F1.1 O02259 F44F1.2 O17871 F44F1.3 O02260 F44F1.4 O02263 F44F1.5 O02261 F44F1.6a Q9U3F0 F44F1.6b Q9U3E9 F44F1.7 O02264 vet-6 encodes a protein that contains a spectrin repeat; vet-6 is preferentially transcribed in embryos prior to gastrulation. F44F4.1 Q20401 F44F4.10 Q20408 F44F4.11 Q20409 tba-4 encodes a member of the alpha tubulin family that also includes tba-1, tba-2, and tba-3, and affects embryonic viability. F44F4.13 Q20411 F44F4.2 Q20402 F44F4.3 Q20403 F44F4.4 Q20404 ptr-8 encodes a member of the Patched superfamily. F44F4.5a Q20405 F44F4.5b Q7JMP2 Serpentine Receptor, class A (alpha) F44F4.6 Q20406 gly-1 encodes a transmembrane glycosyltransferase similar to 2/I N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; in vitro, GLY-1 demonstrates UDP-Glc:GalB1-3GalNac-R glucosyltransferase activity; gly-1 expression is detected in adult hypodermal seam cells and possibly some neurons adjacent to the anterior bulb of the pharynx; neither gly-1 loss-of-function mutations nor RNA mediated interference (RNAi) result in any obvious abnormalities, suggesting that gly-1 function is not essential for C. elegans development and/or behavior. F44F4.7 Q20410 F44F4.9 Q20407 F44G3.1 O17872 F44G3.10 O45515 F44G3.10 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; F44G3.10 is worm-specific, with obvious homologs only in C. elegans; F44G3.10 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. F44G3.11 O62240 F44G3.2 O45518 F44G3.5 O45516 F44G3.6 O45517 Both skr-3 and skr-4 are on the right arm of chromosome V, which perhaps reflects a local gene duplication from which they might have arisen. F44G3.7 O45520 F44G3.8 O62239 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F44G3.9 O45521 Like all C. elegans nuclear receptors, NHR-111 is presently an orphan receptor. F44G4.1 P54073 F44G4.2 Q20412 F44G4.3 Q20413 F44G4.4a Q20414 F44G4.4b Q6BEV0 Temporarily Assigned Gene name F44G4.5 Q20415 F44G4.6 Q20416 F44G4.7 Q20417 F44G4.8 Q20120 F45B8.1 O45524 F45B8.2 O45523 F45B8.3 O45522 F45B8.4 O02265 The pag-3 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene ZNF195 (or p57KIP2), which when mutated leads to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (OMIM:130650). F45C12.1 O16751 F45C12.10 O16737 F45C12.11 O16736 F45C12.12 O16740 F45C12.13 O16742 F45C12.14 O16743 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F45C12.15 O16749 F45C12.16 O16750 F45C12.2 O16748 F45C12.3 O16747 F45C12.4 O16746 F45C12.5 O16745 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F45C12.6 O16744 F45C12.7 O16741 F45C12.8 O16739 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F45C12.9 O16738 F45D11.1 Q9N5T0 F45D11.10 Q9N5U0 F45D11.12 Q9N5T4 F45D11.13 Q9N5T3 F45D11.14 Q9N5T2 F45D11.15 Q9N2K4 F45D11.16 Q9N2K4 F45D11.2 Q9N2L5 F45D11.2, with F45D11.3 and F45D11.4, encodes a nematode-specific protein that entirely consists of one large (~300-residue) 'domain of unknown function' (DUF684) that is found in several other C. elegans proteins; a transcription unit of either F45D11.2, F45D11.3, or F45D11.4 (genes of essentially identical sequence) has a natural nonsense transcript that is up-regulated in vivo by smg[-] mutations, indicating that at least one of these three genes is a natural substrate for SMG-mediated nonsense suppresssion; F45D11.2 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays, but, since several other natural mRNA substrates of SMG suppression (e.g., rpl-3, rpl-8, rpl-10a, rpl-12) have protein products that are involved in translation, F45D11.2 protein may may function in translation as well. F45D11.3 Q9N2L5 F45D11.3, with F45D11.2 and F45D11.4, encodes a nematode-specific protein that entirely consists of one large (~300-residue) 'domain of unknown function' (DUF684) that is found in several other C. elegans proteins; a transcription unit of either F45D11.3, F45D11.2, or F45D11.4 (genes of essentially identical sequence) has a natural nonsense transcript that is up-regulated in vivo by smg[-] mutations, indicating that at least one of these three genes is a natural substrate for SMG-mediated nonsense suppresssion; since several other natural mRNA substrates of SMG suppression (e.g., rpl-3, rpl-8, rpl-10a, rpl-12) have protein products that are involved in translation, F45D11.3 protein may may function in translation as well. F45D11.4 Q9N5T1 F45D11.4, with F45D11.2 and F45D11.3, encodes a nematode-specific protein that entirely consists of one large (~300-residue) 'domain of unknown function' (DUF684) that is found in several other C. elegans proteins; a transcription unit of either F45D11.4, F45D11.2, or F45D11.3 (genes of essentially identical sequence) has a natural nonsense transcript that is up-regulated in vivo by smg[-] mutations, indicating that at least one of these three genes is a natural substrate for SMG-mediated nonsense suppresssion; since several other natural mRNA substrates of SMG suppression (e.g., rpl-3, rpl-8, rpl-10a, rpl-12) have protein products that are involved in translation, F45D11.4 protein may may function in translation as well. F45D11.5 Q8MYD5 F45D11.6 Q9N5T5 F45D11.8 Q9N5T8 F45D11.9 Q9N5T9 F45D3.1 Q20424 F45D3.2 Q20422 F45D3.3 Q20421 F45D3.4 Q20420 F45D3.5 Q20423 sel-1 encodes two isoforms of a highly conserved transmembrane protein orthologous to human SEL1 (OMIM:602329) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae HRD3, a member of the HMG-CoA Reductase Degradation (HRD) complex that degrades malfolded endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins; SEL-1 functions as a key negative regulator of the LIN-12/Notch-like signaling pathway in C. elegans where it appears to function cell autonomously to regulate LIN-12 turnover; along with ABU-1, an ER-associated Type I transmembrane protein, SEL-1 may be a component of a cell survival pathway induced when unfolded proteins accumulate in the ER; SEL-1 is expressed throughout larval and adult stages of development, and detected in all tissues except the pharynx; within cells, SEL-1 appears to localize to intracellular vesicles, consistent with its proposed role in protein turnover. F45E1.1 Q09984 F45E1.2 Q09985 F45E1.3 Q20426 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F45E1.4 Q09987 F45E1.5 Q20425 F45E1.6 Q10453 his-71 encodes an H3 histone required for embryonic viability, body morphology, and larval viability. F45E1.7a Q09989 F45E1.7b Q6AHQ8 F45E10.1a Q8MLZ1 When unc-53 is overexpressed under control of the unc-54 promoter, the growth cone of cells expressing unc-53 is 54% larger than normal. F45E10.1b Q8MM94 adaptor protein unc-53 F45E10.1c Q7YSI9 UNCoordinated F45E10.1d Q7YSI0 UNCoordinated F45E10.1e Q7YXD0 UNCoordinated F45E10.2a Q9N641 F45E10.2b Q6EUT9 F45E12.1 Q20432 F45E12.2 Q20429 cerevisiae) BRF-1. F45E12.3 Q17392 F45E12.5a Q20431 F45E12.5b Q20430 F45E12.6 Q20433 F45E4.1 Q94231 arl-6 encodes a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor family. F45E4.10a Q9BI64 gfi-4 encodes a novel protein that was identified in screens for proteins that interact with GEI-4, a coiled-coil domain protein required for embryonic viability, fertility, and vulval morphogenesis that also interacts with GEX-2, a putative Rac-binding protein, and intermediate filaments; based on its interaction with GEI-4, GFI-4 may be predicted to play a role in intermediate filament rearrangements during germline development or embryonic or vulval morphogenesis; however, as loss of gfi-4 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of GFI-4 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. F45E4.10b Q94235 GEI-4(Four) Interacting protein F45E4.11 O44130 F45E4.2 Q94230 F45E4.3a Q9BI66 F45E4.3b Q9BI65 F45E4.4 Q94226 F45E4.5 Q94228 F45E4.6 Q94229 F45E4.7a Q5TYL3 F45E4.7b Q86MG1 F45E4.7c Q5TYL2 F45E4.8 Q94233 nlp-20 encodes a predicted neuropeptide of the FAFA family; expressed in pharyngeal neurons. F45E4.9 Q94234 F45E6.1 Q20434 F45E6.2 Q20435 F45E6.3 Q20436 F45E6.4 Q20437 F45E6.6 O62242 F45F2.1 Q22980 F45F2.10 Q22974 F45F2.11 Q22975 F45F2.12 Q27894 his-8 encodes an H2B histone; his-8 is contained within the histone gene cluster HIS2. F45F2.13 P08898 his-6 encodes an H3 histone. F45F2.2 Q22979 his-39 encodes an H2B histone; by homology, HIS-39 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; loss of his-39 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities; his-39 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in the HIS2 cluster on chromosome V. F45F2.3 P62784 his-5 encodes an H4 histone. F45F2.4 P09588 his-7 encodes an H2A histone. F45F2.5 Q22978 F45F2.6 Q22977 F45F2.7 Q22976 F45F2.9 Q22973 F45G2.1 O62243 F45G2.10 O62252 F45G2.2a O62244 F45G2.3 O62245 F45G2.4 O62246 F45G2.4 encodes an epsilon subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex; in mass RNAi assays, F45G2.4 is required for larval viability, proper locomotion, and properly rapid growth. F45G2.5 O62247 Uncloned locus that affects the integrity of the cuticle and the development of the bursa in the adult male. F45G2.6 O62248 The first is a RING finger domain; the next three are cysteine-rich (CART) domains; and the last is a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain. F45G2.7 O62249 F45G2.8 O62250 F45G2.9 O62251 F45H10.1 O02266 alh-7 encodes an ortholog of the human gene DJ73M23.2 (NAD+-DEPENDENT SUCCINIC SEMIALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; ALDH5A1), which when mutated leads to SSADH deficiency (OMIM:271980). F45H10.2 O45525 F45H10.3 O02267 F45H10.4 O02268 F45H10.5 Q8I119 F45H11.1 Q93727 F45H11.2 Q93725 After meiosis, Nedd8 also inhibits the microtubule-severing complex katanin, which allows the mitotic spindle to assemble. F45H11.3 Q93726 F45H11.4 Q93564 mgl-2 encodes a Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (OMIM:604473, 604102, loss-of-function mutations in mice are associated with defects in long-term potentiation); by homology, MGL-2 is predicted to function as a post-synaptic G protein-coupled receptor that, in response to glutamate binding, stimulates phospholipase C activity and increases neuronal excitation, and in mammalian tissue culture cells, glutamate stimulation of MGL-2 does result in increased phosphoinositide turnover; a mutation in mgl-2 indicates that it is required for normal head movements and tap reversal reflexes, while loss of mgl-2 activity via large-scale RNAi screens indicates that MGL-2 is also required for embryogenesis; a mgl-2::GFP reporter is expressed in interneurons. F45H11.5 Q95ZT5 F45H7.1 Q20441 F45H7.2a Q20440 gei-1 encodes a protein containing a RhoGAP domain and a START (StAR-related lipid-transfer) domain and interacts with GEX-2 in yeast two-hybrid assays. F45H7.2b Q20442 Guanine nucleotide releasing factor F45H7.4 Q20443 F45H7.6 Q09547 F46A8.10 Q9XV36 Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells occurs because of a phospholipid scramblase and inactivation of an aminophospolipid translocase that would normally keep the PS on the interior of the cell; by virtue of its similarity to mammalian scramblase, F46A8.10 may promote clearage of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis. F46A8.3 O01329 F46A8.4 O01330 F46A8.5 O01331 F46A8.6 O01332 F46A8.7 O01333 F46A8.8 Q9TVP8 F46A8.9 Q9XTM7 Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells occurs because of a phospholipid scramblase and inactivation of an aminophospolipid translocase that would normally keep the PS on the interior of the cell; by virtue of its similarity to mammalian scramblase, F46A8.9 may promote clearage of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis. F46A9.1 Q93729 F46A9.2 Q93730 F46A9.3 Q93732 F46A9.4 Q93731 Because of the high similarity of these two genes, RNAi directed against either skr-2 or skr-1 is expected to inactivate both genes simultaneously, and it is thus not clear whether these genes comprise a functionally redundant set. F46A9.5 Q93647 Because of the high similarity of these two genes, RNAi directed against either skr-1 or skr-2 is expected to inactivate both genes simultaneously, and it is thus not clear whether these genes comprise a functionally redundant set. F46A9.6 Q19018 F46B3.1 Q9XV17 F46B3.11 Q9XV13 F46B3.14 Q9XV22 F46B3.15 Q9XV23 F46B3.16 Q9XTI2 F46B3.17 Q86D09 F46B3.2 Q9XV16 F46B3.3 Q9XV15 F46B3.4 Q9XV18 F46B3.5 Q9XV14 Since the Hog domain of hedgehog family members is responsible for anchoring the N-terminus to a cholesterol adduct, GRD-2 may function as a membrane-anchored signaling molecule. F46B3.7 Q9XV19 F46B3.8 Q9XV20 F46B3.9 Q9XV21 F46B6.10 Q20451 F46B6.11 Q20452 F46B6.12 Q9BI88 F46B6.2 Q20444 F46B6.3a Q20445 F46B6.3b Q8WQF3 Suppressor with Morphological effect on Genitalia F46B6.4 Q20446 F46B6.5a Q20453 F46B6.5b Q8I4I7 F46B6.5c Q7YTV3 F46B6.6 Q20447 F46B6.7 Q20448 F46B6.8 Q20449 F46B6.9 Q20450 F46C3.1 Q19192 PEK-1 acts in parallel with IRE-1, an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inositol-requiring 1 protein kinase (Ire1) and human endoplasmic reticulum-to-nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1, OMIM:604033) to maintain ER homeostasis and normal development. F46C3.2 Q20457 F46C3.3 Q20456 hum-4 encodes a class XII myosin, an unconventional myosin. F46C5.1 P52880 F46C5.10 Q8I118 F46C5.2 P52881 F46C5.3 Q20459 F46C5.4 P52882 F46C5.6 O17873 F46C5.7 P52883 F46C5.8 P52879 F46C5.9 P90814 F46C8.1 Q9GYP2 F46C8.2 Q9GYP3 F46C8.3 Q9GYP5 F46C8.5 P20271 ceh-14 is orthologous to the human gene LIM HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 3 ISOFORM B (LHX3; OMIM:600577), which when mutated leads to disease. F46C8.6 P34688 F46C8.7 Q9GYP4 F46C8.8 Q9GYP1 F46E10.10a Q9UAV5 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F46E10.10b Q8IA49 F46E10.10c Q8IA50 F46E10.11 Q9UAV9 F46E10.1a Q9UAV8 F46E10.1b Q5TKA4 F46E10.1c Q5TKA3 F46E10.2 Q9UAV7 F46E10.3 Q9UAV6 F46E10.8 Q9UAV3 ubh-1 encodes a putative ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase orthologous to human UCHL1 (OMIM:191342, mutated in Parkinson disease). F46E10.9 Q9UAV4 dpy-11 encodes a membrane- associated thioredoxin- like (TRX) protein that affects body shape and ray morphology; the TRX domain displays catalytic activity in vitro, and dpy-11 is expressed in cytoplasm of hypodermis. F46F11.10 Q9BI62 F46F11.1a P91309 F46F11.1b Q8T3B4 F46F11.2 P91306 CEY-2 is predicted to be mitochondrial by phylogenetic profiling. F46F11.3 P91301 F46F11.4 P91302 F46F11.4, UBL5, and other orthologs are computationally predicted to be cytoplasmic, and recombinant human UBL5 is directly observed to be cytoplasmic; this is distinct from ubiquitin itself and its other paralogs, which are generally nuclear. F46F11.5 P91303 F46F11.6 P91305 F46F11.7 P91307 F46F11.8 P91308 F46F11.9a P91304 F46F11.9b Q9BI63 F46F2.1 Q20469 F46F2.2a Q20471 F46F2.2b Q20471 protein KINase F46F2.2c Q5WRP4 protein KINase F46F2.3 Q20468 F46F2.4 Q20470 F46F2.5 Q7YX10 F46F3.1 Q9XVN4 ceh-27 encodes a homeodomain protein of the NK-2 class that contains Drosophila scarecrow and human NKX-2 (OMIM:606727); CEH-27 activity is essential for embryogenesis and appears to be required for maintaining hypodermal integrity during movement as embryos lacking CEH-27 burst at a breach in the ventral hypodermis upon commencement of muscle contractions; CEH-27 expression is first detected in the ~100-cell embryo in what appear to be MS-derived cells while in later embryos expression is seen in a number of cells in the anterior head region. F46F3.2 P90876 F46F3.3 P90877 F46F3.4 Q9XVN3 F46F5.1 Q9TXX3 F46F5.10 Q9TXY5 F46F5.11 Q9TXX9 F46F5.12 Q9TXX8 F46F5.13 Q9TXX6 F46F5.14 Q9TXX5 F46F5.15 Q9TXX2 F46F5.16 Q9TXX1 F46F5.2 Q9TXX4 F46F5.4 Q9TXX7 F46F5.5 Q9TXY0 F46F5.6 Q9TXY1 F46F5.7 Q9TXY2 F46F5.8 Q9TXY3 F46F5.9 Q9TXY4 F46F6.1a Q20473 F46F6.1b Q7K7A5 F46F6.2 O17874 F46F6.3 Q20474 F46F6.4 Q8MQ43 F46G10.1 Q20476 F46G10.2 Q20477 F46G10.3 Q20481 F46G10.4 Q20478 F46G10.5 Q20479 ptr-24 encodes a member of the Patched superfamily. F46G10.6 Q18711 F46G10.7a Q20480 sir-2.2 encodes a member of the conserved SIR2-like family of proteins that function in chromatin organization and remodeling; SIR-2.2 may play a role in genomic stability and protecing the genome against mutations, as loss of SIR-2.2 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) results in an increased level of spontaneous mutagenesis. F46G10.7b Q7JMD3 SIR F46G11.1 Q5WRT0 F46G11.1 is orthologous to the human gene TRUNCATED PUTATIVE T7-LIKE MITOCHONDRIAL DNA HELICASE (C10orf2; OMIM:606075), which when mutated leads to disease. F46G11.2 Q5WRT1 F46G11.3 Q20483 F46G11.4 Q95ZT4 F46H5.2a Q20490 F46H5.2b Q7Z1R2 F46H5.2c Q7Z1R1 F46H5.3a Q10454 F46H5.3b Q10454 F46H5.4 Q20487 F46H5.5 Q20488 F46H5.7a Q20486 F46H5.7b Q8MQ42 F46H5.7c Q7Z1R0 F46H5.8 Q20489 F46H6.1 Q20496 F46H6.2a Q7Z2A1 dgk-2 encodes a putative diacylglycerol kinase. F46H6.2b Q7Z2A0 DiacylGlycerol Kinase F46H6.2c Q7Z299 DiacylGlycerol Kinase F46H6.4 Q9GYN9 F46H6.5 Q6AHP6 F47A4.1a Q20105 F47A4.1b Q8MM20 ligand gated ion channel F47A4.2 Q20497 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F47A4.3a Q20498 F47A4.3b Q5WRQ3 F47A4.5 Q20500 F47B10.1 P53588 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F47B10.2 Q20502 F47B10.2 is orthologous to the human gene HISTIDASE (HAL; OMIM:235800), which when mutated leads to disease. F47B10.3 Q20503 F47B10.4 Q20504 F47B10.5 Q20505 F47B10.6 Q20506 F47B10.7 Q20507 F47B10.8 Q20508 F47B10.9 Q20509 F47B3.1 O01557 F47B3.2 Q9TY27 F47B3.3 P83387 F47B3.4 O01553 F47B3.5 O01554 F47B3.6 O01555 F47B3.7 O01556 F47B3.8 O01552 F47B7.1 Q20516 F47B7.2a Q20514 F47B7.2b Q95QG0 F47B7.2c Q95QF9 F47B7.3 Q20510 F47B7.4 Q20511 F47B7.5 Q20512 F47B7.6 Q20513 F47B7.7 Q20515 F47B8.1 Q20526 F47B8.10 Q20523 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F47B8.11 Q20524 F47B8.2 Q20525 F47B8.3 Q20519 F47B8.4 Q20518 F47B8.5 Q20517 F47B8.6 Q20520 F47B8.7 Q20522 F47B8.8 Q20521 F47B8.9a Q20527 F47B8.9b Q8I4I5 F47C10.1 O01559 F47C10.2 O01560 F47C10.3 O01561 F47C10.4 O01564 F47C10.6 O01558 F47C10.7 O01562 F47C10.8 O01563 F47C12.1 Q20535 F47C12.10 O76829 F47C12.2 Q20531 F47C12.3 Q20530 F47C12.4 Q20528 F47C12.5 Q20529 F47C12.6 Q20532 F47C12.7 Q20533 F47C12.8 Q20534 F47D12.1a Q09388 F47D12.1b Q09388 G-protein-linked acetylcholine receptor GAR-2 F47D12.1c Q8MQ41 G-protein-linked acetylcholine receptor GAR-2 F47D12.1d Q8MQ40 G-protein-linked acetylcholine receptor GAR-2 F47D12.1e Q8I7J8 G-protein-linked acetylcholine receptor GAR-2 F47D12.3 Q09389 F47D12.4a Q09390 F47D12.4b Q09390 HMG F47D12.4c Q09390 HMG F47D12.5 Q09562 F47D12.6 Q09391 F47D12.7 Q09563 F47D12.9a Q09392 F47D12.9b Q8I7J9 F47D2.1 Q22988 F47D2.10a Q9GS02 F47D2.2 Q22985 F47D2.3 Q22981 F47D2.4 Q22982 F47D2.5 Q22983 F47D2.6 Q22984 F47D2.7 Q22986 F47D2.8 Q22987 F47D2.9 Q22989 F47E1.1 Q20539 F47E1.2 Q20538 F47E1.3 Q20537 F47E1.4 Q95ZT3 F47F2.1a Q95ZT2 F47F2.1b Q20541 F47F2.1c Q8MQ39 F47F2.2 Q20540 F47F2.3 Q20542 F47F6.1a P91314 F47F6.1b Q65ZG8 abnormal cell LINeage F47F6.1c P91313 abnormal cell LINeage F47F6.3 P91310 F47F6.4 P91311 F47F6.5 Q6F6K5 F47F6.9 Q6F6K4 F47G3.1 Q9GYN6 F47G3.2a Q9GYN7 F47G3.2b Q8WQF2 F47G3.3 Q9GYN8 F47G4.1 Q9XTS6 F47G4.2 Q9XTS0 F47G4.3 Q9XTS4 F47G4.4 Q9XTS1 F47G4.4 encodes a paralog of MEI-2 that, like MEI-2, binds MEI-1 in vitro; F47G4.4 might thus be an alternative ligand of MEI-1 in vivo. F47G4.5 Q9XTS3 F47G4.5 encodes a paralog of MEI-2 that, like MEI-2, binds MEI-1 in vitro; F47G4.5 might thus be an alternative ligand of MEI-1 in vivo. F47G4.6 Q9XTS5 F47G4.7 O02655 F47G4.8 Q9XTS2 F47G6.1 Q9Y048 Partially deleted forms of DYB-1 lacking the second helix of the DYB-1 coiled-coil domain abolished binding of DYB-1 to DYS-1, and also abolished the ability of a dyb-1 transgene to rescue a dyb-1 mutation in vivo. F47G6.2 Q9TZI7 F47G6.3 Q9TZI8 F47G6.4 Q9TZI9 spe-15 is orthologous to the human gene MYOSIN VI (MYO6; OMIM:600970), which when mutated leads to disease. F47G9.1 Q20546 F47G9.2 Q20547 F47G9.3 Q20550 F47G9.4 Q20548 F47G9.6 Q20549 F47H4.1 O45526 F47H4.10 Q9XU27 Both skr-5 and skr-6 are on the right arm of chromosome V, which perhaps reflects a local gene duplication from which they might have arisen. F47H4.11 Q9XU26 F47H4.2 O45527 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F47H4.4 Q9XU25 F47H4.6 Q9U3E8 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F47H4.7 Q9XU30 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F47H4.8 Q9XU29 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F47H4.9 Q9XU28 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F48A11.1 O17368 chi-1 (T25G3.2) is most closely related to the chitin synthases of filarial nematodes (Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia malayi), while chi-2 (F48A11.1) is most closely related to the chitin synthases of arthropods (Aedes aegypti, Drosophila melanogaster, and Lucilia cuprina). F48A11.2 O17367 F48A11.3 O17366 F48A11.4 O17369 F48A11.5a O17370 F48A11.5b Q6A589 F48A9.1 O01568 F48A9.2 O01567 F48A9.3 O01566 F48B9.1 Q20558 F48B9.2 Q20556 F48B9.3 Q20553 F48B9.4 Q20552 F48B9.5 Q20551 F48B9.7 Q20554 F48B9.8 Q20557 F48C1.1a O01574 F48C1.1b Q8MPU8 F48C1.2 O01573 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F48C1.3 O01570 F48C1.4 O01569 F48C1.5 O01571 F48C1.6 O01572 F48C1.7 P54217 spe-11 encodes a novel protein that is required for early embryonic development and for regulating the dynamic morphology of sperm pseudopods; although the precise biological role of SPE-11 is not yet known, SPE-11 is one of the few paternally provided proteins known to be essential for embryogenesis, and may constitute a sperm-associated factor required for oocyte activation; SPE-11 is first detected in the nuclei of primary spermatocytes and then remains tightly associated with sperm chromatin until fertilization at which point it appears to be degraded. F48C1.8 O01575 F48C1.9 Q8MPU7 F48C11.1 Q93743 gpa-6 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases that affects response to water-soluble odorants; it is expressed in AWA amphid neurons, the PHB sensory cell, and (at low levels) in ASI amphid neurons. F48C11.2 Q93744 F48C11.3 Q93745 Although nlp-3 does not actually encode peptides with a GFxGF motif, peptides encoded by nlp-3 are highly similar to peptides encoded by nlp-14 and nlp-25, which do contain the GFxGF motif at their C-terminus, thus rationalizing this family grouping. F48C5.1 Q20559 F48C5.2 Q7YX17 F48D6.1 Q20563 F48D6.2a Q20562 F48D6.3 Q20561 F48E3.1a Q9GPA3 F48E3.1b Q8MQ38 GLYcosylation related F48E3.2 Q9GPA2 F48E3.3 Q9GPA0 F48E3.4 Q9GPA1 F48E3.6 Q9GP99 F48E3.7 Q9GP98 acr-22 encodes a predicted member of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor nonalpha subunit family with highest similarity to human neuronal acetylcholine receptor alpha-9 subunit. F48E3.8a Q8MQ36 F48E3.8b Q8MQ37 F48E3.8c Q8MQ35 F48E3.9 Q9GPA4 F48E8.1a Q09566 lon-1 is epistatic to dbl-1. F48E8.1b Q95QF6 LONg F48E8.1c Q8MQ33 LONg F48E8.2 Q09395 F48E8.3 Q09567 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F48E8.4 Q09396 F48E8.5 Q09543 B subunits are thought to regulate activity, subcellular localization and substrate specificity of the catalytic complex. F48E8.6 Q09568 F48E8.7a Q09397 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F48E8.7b Q8MQ34 F48F5.1 Q9XV10 F48F5.2 Q9XV09 F48F5.3 Q9XV11 F48F5.4 Q9XV08 F48F5.5 Q86GD1 Isoprenylation (geranylgeranylation and, to a lesser extent, farnesylation) of C. elegans proteins has been shown to occur, and there are roughly 300 genes whose products carry a C-terminal CaaX motif and could be substrates for FCE-1 or FCE-2 activity. F48F5.6 Q7YX14 F48F7.1 Q20578 A homolog of rde-1 that is involved in RNA interference and affects developmental timing along with alg-2 and dcr-1 by regulating expression of the lin-4 and let-7 small temporal RNAs. F48F7.2 Q20574 F48F7.3 Q20575 F48F7.4 Q20576 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F48F7.5 Q20572 F48F7.6 Q20573 F48F7.7 Q20577 F48F7.8 Q7YST9 F48G7.1 Q9GUC0 F48G7.3 Q9GUC1 F49A5.2 O45528 F49A5.3 O45531 F49A5.4 O45530 F49A5.5 O45532 F49A5.6 O45533 F49A5.7 O45534 F49A5.8 O62254 F49A5.9 Q7YX12 F49B2.1 O45535 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F49B2.2 O45536 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F49B2.3 O45537 F49B2.4 O45538 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F49B2.5 O45539 F49B2.6 O45540 F49C12.1 Q20579 F49C12.10 Q20587 F49C12.11 Q20588 F49C12.12 Q20589 F49C12.13 Q20591 F49C12.14 Q20590 F49C12.15 O01262 F49C12.2 Q20580 F49C12.3 Q20581 F49C12.4 Q20582 F49C12.5a Q20593 F49C12.5b Q20593 F49C12.6 Q20583 F49C12.7 Q20584 F49C12.8 Q20585 rpn-7 is predicted to encode a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory complex of the proteasome that affects fertility and embryonic viability. F49C12.9 P90879 F49C5.1 O17876 F49C5.2 O17877 F49C5.3 O17878 F49C5.4 O17879 F49C5.5 O17882 F49C5.6 O17880 F49C5.7 O17881 F49C5.8 O17875 F49D11.1 O44729 F49D11.2 O44725 F49D11.3 O44724 F49D11.4 O44723 F49D11.5 O44722 F49D11.6 O44721 F49D11.7 O44726 F49D11.8 O44727 cpn-4 encodes a calponin homolog, most closely related to its paralog CPN-3 in C. elegans; CPN-4 is somewhat more similar to calponins per se (such as CLP1 and CLP2 in humans) than to the to the calponin paralogs transgelin (SM22 alpha) or neuronal protein NP25. F49D11.9a O44728 F49D11.9b Q86LT5 F49E10.1 Q20600 F49E10.2a Q20599 F49E10.2b Q95QF5 F49E10.3 Q20598 flp-7 encodes an MVRFamide-containing peptide that, upon injection into A. suum, produces paralysis and loss of locomotory waveforms, increased body length, and decreased cAMP production. F49E10.4a Q20597 F49E10.4b Q8MQ32 F49E10.5 Q20595 F49E11.10 Q20603 F49E11.11 Q18549 F49E11.1a Q20604 F49E11.1b Q9XTF3 serine/threonine kinase (2 domains) F49E11.1c Q9TVF4 MiniBrain Kinase (Drosophila) homolog F49E11.2 Q20601 F49E11.3 Q20605 a homolog of ammonium transporter. F49E11.4 Q93747 F49E11.5 Q20609 F49E11.6 Q93746 F49E11.7 Q27500 F49E11.8 Q20607 F49E11.9 Q20608 F49E12.1 Q20616 F49E12.10 Q20612 F49E12.12 Q7YX09 F49E12.2 Q20615 F49E12.4 Q20617 ubc-24 encodes a predicted conjugating enzyme (UBCs/E2s) of the ubiquitin-conjugation system. F49E12.5a Q20618 F49E12.5b Q7JM75 Serpentine Receptor, class A (alpha) F49E12.6 Q20619 The F49E12.6 gene encodes a protein with two E2F domains that may be involved in apoptosis. F49E12.7 Q20614 F49E12.8 Q20613 F49E12.9 Q20611 F49E2.1a Q20624 F49E2.1b Q20624 molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein F49E2.2a Q20621 F49E2.2b Q8I4I4 F49E2.4 Q20623 F49E2.5a Q20626 F49E2.5b Q20625 F49E2.5c O45541 F49E2.5d O45544 F49E2.5e O45542 F49E2.5f O45543 F49E2.5g Q8I4I3 F49E2.5h Q6BEV6 F49E7.1a Q9GYH7 F49E7.1b Q8MNR6 F49E7.2 Q9GYH8 F49E8.1 Q20633 F49E8.2 Q20629 F49E8.3 Q20627 F49E8.4 Q20628 A functional cytidine deaminase that affects morphology of embryos; it is expressed at all life cycle stages. F49E8.5 Q27257 dif-1 encodes a putative mitochondrial solute carrier, orthologous to human SLC25A20 (OMIM:212138, mutated in carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency) that is required for the maintenance of embryonic tissue differentiation and viability; expressed throughout development and in the intestinal cells and hypodermis of the embryo. F49E8.6 Q20631 F49E8.7a Q20632 F49E8.7b Q65ZH1 F49F1.1 Q9GZE5 F49F1.10 Q9GZD9 F49F1.11 Q9GZD8 F49F1.12 Q9GZD7 F49F1.3 Q9GZE7 F49F1.5 Q9GZE4 F49F1.6 Q9GZE3 F49F1.7 Q9GZE2 F49F1.8 Q9GZE1 F49F1.9 Q9GZE0 F49H12.1 Q9N5S3 F49H12.2 Q9N5S4 F49H12.3 Q9N5S5 F49H12.4 Q9N5S6 F49H12.5 Q9N5S7 F49H12.6a Q9N5S8 F49H12.6b Q9N5S9 ACyLtransferase-like F49H6.1 Q9XUZ8 F49H6.11 Q9XV00 F49H6.12 Q9XUZ9 F49H6.13 Q9XTH9 F49H6.2 Q9XV06 F49H6.3 Q9XUZ7 F49H6.4 Q9XV05 F49H6.5 Q9XV04 The F49H6.5 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene MOCS1A, which when mutated leads to molybdenum cofactor deficiency (OMIM:252150). F49H6.7 Q9XV03 F49H6.8 Q9XV07 F52A8.1 Q20637 F52A8.2 Q20636 However, overexpression of gpb-2, either under control of its endogeneous promoter or under heat-shock promoter control, does not induce any obvious behavioral phenotypes; thus, overexpression of GPB-2 does not affect the behaviors for which GPB-2 is required. F52A8.3a Q20635 F52A8.3b Q6A4I6 F52A8.4 Q20638 F52A8.5 Q20634 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F52A8.6a Q19143 F52A8.6b Q95QF4 F52B10.1 Q20641 nmy-1 encodes a class II non-muscle myosin heavy chain related to Drosophila zipper, which plays a role in several aspects of embryonic morphogenesis; in C. elegans, NMY-1 is required for embryonic elongation and establishment of normal body morphology; mutations in nmy-1 suppress the hypercontraction phenotype produced by mutations in mel-11, a myosin phosphatase that regulates actomyosin filament contraction; in addition, NMY-1 may partner with MLC-4, myosin light chain 4, during elongation; NMY-1 expression is detected during embryogenesis, particularly at the onset of elongation. F52B11.1a Q9XUE7 F52B11.1b Q86D13 F52B11.2 Q9XUE6 F52B11.2 is orthologous to the human gene PHOSPHOMANNOMUTASE 2 (PMS2; OMIM:601785), which when mutated leads to congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia. F52B11.3 Q9XUE5 F52B11.4 Q9XUE9 F52B11.5 Q9XUF0 F52B11.6 Q9XUE8 F52B11.7 Q9XUE4 F52B5.1 Q20642 F52B5.2 Q20643 F52B5.3 Q20644 The components of the compensasome are generally conserved in metazoa: they thus are likely to act as a functional unit in C. elegans and other metazoa, and not merely in Drosophila alone. F52B5.5 Q20646 The defect in cep-1 germline apoptosis resembles a similar defect seen in p53(-) mutant mice, which results in a high frequency of abnormal sperm; this, coupled with the germline expression seen for p53 orthologs in Drosophila and molluscs, suggests that the original role of p53 in metazoa might have been to protect the integrity of germline DNA. F52B5.6 Q20647 rpl-25.2 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L23a protein. F52B5.7 Q7YWZ7 F52C12.1 Q9TXV7 F52C12.2 Q95X18 F52C12.3 Q9TXV5 F52C12.4 Q9TXV4 F52C12.5 Q9TXV3 F52C6.1 O44822 F52C6.10 O44817 F52C6.11 O44818 F52C6.12 Q8MYD4 F52C6.13 Q8MYD3 F52C6.14 O44823 F52C6.2 O44821 F52C6.3 O44820 F52C6.4 O44819 F52C6.5 O44812 F52C6.6 O44813 F52C6.7 O44814 F52C6.8 O44815 F52C6.9 O44816 F52C9.1a Q8I7J6 F52C9.1b Q8I7J7 F52C9.2 Q10122 F52C9.3 Q10123 F52C9.5 Q10125 F52C9.6 Q10126 F52C9.7 Q20648 F52C9.8a Q10124 F52C9.8b Q10124 PolyQ (poly glutamine tract) toxicity Enhancer F52C9.8c Q10124 PolyQ (poly glutamine tract) toxicity Enhancer F52C9.8d Q10124 PolyQ (poly glutamine tract) toxicity Enhancer F52C9.8e Q10124 PolyQ (poly glutamine tract) toxicity Enhancer F52C9.8f Q10124 PolyQ (poly glutamine tract) toxicity Enhancer F52D1.1 O17352 F52D1.2 O17350 F52D1.3 O17351 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F52D10.1 Q20654 The F52D10.1 gene encodes a protein that is homologous to the Arabidopsis and Saccharomyces boron exporters, BOR1 and YNL275w, and similar to the to the human BOR1/YNL275w ortholog, BTS1; like BOR1 and YNL275w, F52D10.1 protein might act to export borate ions. F52D10.2 Q20652 F52D10.3a Q20655 F52D10.3b Q95ZT1 Fourteen-Three-Three family F52D10.4 Q20656 F52D10.5 Q20657 F52D10.6 Q20653 F52D2.1 Q9TXM9 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F52D2.10 Q9TXM7 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F52D2.2 Q9TXM8 F52D2.4 Q9TXM1 gei-12 encodes a novel protein that affects embryonic viability and development of the hypodermis; interacts with GEX-3 in yeast two-hybrid assays, and is expressed in all somatic cells. F52D2.5 Q9TXM4 F52D2.6 Q9TXM3 F52D2.7 Q9TXM6 F52D2.8 Q9TXM2 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F52D2.9 Q9TXM5 F52E1.1 Q20667 F52E1.10 Q20666 F52E1.12 P90881 F52E1.13a P90882 F52E1.13b Q9TY02 F52E1.13d Q8I7J5 F52E1.2 Q20665 F52E1.3 Q20663 F52E1.4a Q7JP50 F52E1.4b Q7JP51 Guanylyl CYclase F52E1.5 Q20659 F52E1.6 Q7JP53 F52E1.7a Q20660 hsp-17 encodes a heat shock protein that is a member of the hsp16/hsp20/alpha-crystallin family of heat shock proteins; by homology, HSP-17 is predicted to function as a molecular chaperone that protects cells from heat-induced protein aggregation and denaturation; at present, the precise developmental and/or behavioral role of HSP-17, as well as its expression pattern, are not yet known. F52E1.7b Q7JP52 Heat Shock Protein F52E1.8 Q20662 F52E1.9 Q20664 F52E10.1 P24349 Furthermore, SDC-1, SDC-2, and SDC-3 colocalize with DPY-26, DPY-27, and MIX-1 proteins both on a transgenic her-1(+) array and on the X chromosome. F52E10.2 Q20668 F52E10.3 Q20669 F52E10.4 Q20670 F52E10.5 Q21065 All eleven intermediate filament proteins exhibit a lamin-like length of the coil 1b domain, but only the A and B subgroups have a lamin homology segment in the tail domain. F52E4.1a Q20676 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F52E4.1b Q8WQF1 F52E4.4 Q20673 F52E4.5 Q20675 F52E4.6 Q20677 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F52E4.7 Q20678 F52E4.8 O01933 F52F10.1 Q9UAR2 F52F10.2 Q9UAR0 F52F10.3 Q9UAQ8 F52F10.4 Q9UAQ9 F52F10.5 Q9UAR1 F52F12.1a Q9U539 oct-1 encodes a organic cation transporter predicted to contain twelve transmembrane domains; OCT-1 induces the transport of the prototypical organic cation tetraethylammonium when expressed in mammalian cells, and has broad substrate specificity; OCT-1 is orthologous to human OCTN2 (OMIM:603377, mutated in primary carnitine deficiency). F52F12.1b Q9U539 transporter F52F12.2 O02271 F52F12.3 Q9XTC6 F52F12.4 O02273 F52F12.5 O45545 F52F12.6 O02274 F52F12.7 O17883 F52F12.7 is orthologous to the human gene STEROIDOGENIC ACUTE REGULATORY PROTEIN (STAR; OMIM:600617), which when mutated leads to disease. F52F12.8 Q7YX19 F52F12.9 Q7YX18 F52G2.1a O62257 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. F52G2.1b O62255 Bacterial mutT protein F52G2.2 Q9XUE3 F52G2.3 O62256 F52G3.1 Q9GZI0 F52G3.3 Q9GZI2 F52G3.4 Q9GZI1 F52G3.5 Q9GZH9 F52H2.2 O17395 F52H3.1 Q20679 Immunofluorescence staining indicates that UNC-52/perlecan is not required for Type IV collagen localization to the basement membrane, and similarly, Type IV collagen is not required for UNC-52/perlecan localization. F52H3.2 Q20680 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F52H3.3 Q20681 F52H3.4 Q20682 F52H3.5 Q20683 F52H3.6 Q27501 F52H3.7a Q20684 lec-2 encodes a 'tandem repeat' type galectin (beta-galactosyl-binding lectin) containing two, tandemly arranged carbohydrate recognition domains; by homology, LEC-2 may play roles in cell adhesion and aggregation, proliferation, or programmed cell death, but as loss of lec-2 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in obvious abnormalities, the precise role of LEC-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. F52H3.7b Q9GNP7 galactoside-binding lectin F53A10.2a Q965M4 F53A10.2 encodes a Rap1GAP homolog; a region of F53A10.2 encompassing one GoLoco motif specifically binds GOA-1 in yeast two-hybrid assays, and also binds itself; F53A10.2 is expressed in hypodermal seam cells, various neurons, and intestinal cells; F53A10.2 has no obvious function or phenotype in RNAi assays, whether in a normal background or in goa-1(-) or goa-1(gf) mutant backgrounds. F53A10.2b Q8IA84 F53A10.2c O16570 F53A2.1 O45546 F53A2.2 O45547 F53A2.3 O45548 F53A2.4 O45549 RNAi-treated embryos exhibited nuclear positioning defects in early embryonic cell division similar to those reported for dynactin depletion. F53A2.5 O45550 F53A2.6 O45551 In vitro, IFE-1 protein binds PGL-1, when assayed either by yeast two-hybrids or by precipitation of GST fusions ('GST-pulldown'). F53A2.7 O45552 F53A2.8a O45553 F53A2.8b Q8I4I2 MTM (myotubularin) family F53A2.8c Q69Z15 MTM (myotubularin) family F53A2.9 O45554 F53A3.1 O17220 F53A3.2 O17219 The F53A3.2 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM VARIANT RAD30 (POLH; OMIM:603968), which when mutated leads to xeroderma pigmentosum (OMIM:278750). F53A3.3 O17218 rps-22 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S15a protein. F53A3.4 Q9TXQ5 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F53A3.6 O17222 F53A3.7 Q9TXQ4 F53A9.1 Q20690 F53A9.10a Q7Z072 F53A9.10b Q7Z071 TropoNin T F53A9.2 Q20689 F53A9.3 Q20688 F53A9.4 Q20687 F53A9.5 Q20686 F53A9.6 Q20691 F53A9.7 Q20692 F53A9.8 Q20693 F53A9.9 P50439 F53B1.2 Q20696 F53B1.3 Q20695 F53B1.4 Q20697 F53B1.6 Q20700 F53B1.7 Q20701 gpa-5 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases; it is expressed in AWA, with faint expression in ASI. F53B1.8 Q20702 F53B2.1 Q20708 F53B2.2 Q20707 F53B2.3 Q20704 F53B2.4 Q20705 F53B2.5 Q20703 F53B2.6 Q9XTH7 ham-1 encodes a novel protein with a winged helix DNA-binding motif; ham-1 is required for the asymmetric divisions of several neuroblasts in the developing embryo and may influence their spindle position; ham-1 mutations also exhibit HSN motor neuron migration defects; HAM-1 interacts with itself in a yeast two-hybrid screen and observations suggest that its multimerization is required for its proper localization; HAM-1 is cytoplasmic and is asymmetrically distributed to the posterior of the HSNPHB neuroblast. F53B2.8 Q95QF1 F53B3.1 Q20709 F53B3.2 Q20710 F53B3.3 Q20712 F53B3.5 Q20713 F53B3.5 encodes a claudin homolog that may regulate ion channels; F53B3.5 is distantly similar to mammalian voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma subunits that are known or suspected to prevent epilepsy in vivo (e.g., stargazin; MGI:1316660); F53B3.5 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. F53B3.6 Q20711 F53B6.1 Q9XVM9 F53B6.2a P90884 F53B6.2b Q8I4I1 thrombospondin like F53B6.4 Q9XVN1 F53B6.5 P90883 F53B6.6 Q9XVN2 F53B6.7 Q9XVN0 F53B6.8 Q9U3E7 F53B6.9 Q8T3D9 F53B7.2 Q20715 An extract from flesh fly (Neobellieria bullata) central nervous systems was used to screen cells expressing Drosophila FR; this identified two endogenous peptides, APPQPSDNFIRFamide (Neb-FIRFamide) and pQPSQDFMRFamide (Neb-FMRFamide) as being CG2114 ligands; the Drosophila equivalents of these FMRFamides (DPKQDFMRFamide, TPAEDFMRFamide, SDNFMRFamide, SPKQDFMRFamide, and PDNFMRFamide) activated CG2114. F53B7.3 Q20716 F53B7.4 Q20717 F53B7.5 Q19522 F53B7.7 Q7YX03 F53B8.1 Q7YXD8 F53C11.1 Q93765 F53C11.2 Q93760 F53C11.3 Q93761 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F53C11.4 Q93762 F53C11.5 Q93763 F53C11.6 Q93764 F53C11.7 Q93759 F53C11.8 Q93758 F53E10.1 P91321 F53E10.2a P91320 an ortholog of alpha subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). F53E10.2b Q6F6K3 AcetylCholine Receptor F53E10.3 P91319 F53E10.4 P91316 F53E10.5 P91317 F53E10.6 P91318 F53E2.1 Q9UAU3 F53E4.1 O17718 F53F1.1 Q9XVM7 F53F1.10 P92001 F53F1.11 P92002 F53F1.2 P91997 F53F1.3 P91998 F53F1.4 Q9XVM6 F53F1.5 P34682 F53F1.6 Q9XVM8 F53F1.7 P91999 F53F1.8 P92000 F53F1.9 Q9XVM5 F53F10.1 O01580 F53F10.2a O01579 F53F10.2b Q8T3B3 F53F10.3 O01578 F53F10.4 O01577 unc-108 encodes a small GTPase homologous to the Rab GTPases that function in endocytosis, membrane fusion, and vesicular trafficking events; the precise biological role and expression pattern of unc-108 are not yet known. F53F10.5 O01576 F53F4.1 Q20726 F53F4.10 Q20719 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F53F4.11 Q20720 F53F4.12 Q20727 F53F4.13 Q20724 F53F4.14 Q9TW43 F53F4.15 Q7JLC8 F53F4.16 Q6BES8 F53F4.2 Q20725 F53F4.3 Q20728 F53F4.4 Q20729 F53F4.5 Q20730 fmo-14 encodes a protein with homology to human hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 5. F53F4.6 Q20731 F53F4.7 Q20723 F53F4.8 Q20722 F53F4.9 Q20721 F53F8.1 O62259 The F53F8.1 gene encodes a homolog of human WT1, which when mutated leads to Wilms tumour (OMIM:194070). F53F8.2 O62262 F53F8.3 O62260 F53F8.4 O62261 F53F8.5 O62258 F53F8.6 Q7YSQ5 F53G12.1 O01803 rab-11.1 encodes a small GTPase homologous to the Rab GTPases that function in endocytosis, membrane fusion, and vesicular trafficking events; RAB-11.1 activity is required for completion of the final stages of cytokinesis during early embryogenesis and for efficient uptake of yolk proteins during oocyte development; RAB-11.1 is also required for normal peripheral localization of nuclei in the synctial germ cell in the ovary. F53G12.10 O01802 rpl-7 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L7 protein required in mass RNAi assays for embryonic viability and normally rapid growth. F53G12.11 O01794 F53G12.3 O01795 F53G12.3 is homologous to human DUOX1 (OMIM:606758) and DUOX2 (OMIM:606759), and to Drosophila CG3131; F53G12.3 is 91% identical to its paralog bli-3; F53G12.3 has an N-terminal signal peptide sequence, implying that its N-terminal peroxidase domain is extracellular or in a cellular compartment. F53G12.4 O01796 F53G12.5a Q95R07 mex-3 encodes two KH domain-containing RNA binding proteins; MEX-3 is required maternally in the early embryo for specifying the identities of the anterior AB blastomere and its descendants, as well as for the identity of the P3 blastomere and proper segregation of the germline P granules; mex-3 mRNA is distributed uniformly in the syncytial core of the adult distal gonad, mature oocytes, and early 1-cell stage embryos, but then becomes more prominent in the AB blastomere and its daughters by the 4-cell stage after which it is rapidly degraded save for the D and P4 blastomeres; MEX-3 protein is also detected uniformly in the cytoplasm of oocytes and 1-cell stage embryos, but like the mRNA, becomes more abundant in AB and its daughters at the 2- and 4-cell stages, respectively, before disappearing; MEX-3 is also detected in association with P granules from the 2-cell stage until the late stages of embryogenesis. F53G12.5b Q95R08 Muscle EXcess F53G12.6 O01798 F53G12.7 O01799 F53G12.8 O01800 F53G12.9 O01801 F53G2.1 O17249 F53G2.2 O17247 F53G2.3 O17246 F53G2.4a Q95X78 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F53G2.4b Q95X79 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein F53G2.6 O17244 tsr-1 encodes a homolog of human transportin-SR, a nuclear transport receptor, and affects embryonic viability. F53G2.7 O17245 F53G2.8 O17248 F53H1.1a Q965K2 F53H1.1b Q965K1 F53H1.3 O45074 F53H1.4a O45075 F53H1.4b Q86MG4 F53H1.4c Q86MG3 F53H10.2 Q20733 F53H2.1 Q9U3E6 F53H2.2 Q9U3E5 F53H2.3 Q9U3E4 F53H4.1 Q93781 csb-1 is orthologous to human gene ERCC6 (OMIM:133530, mutated in Cockayne syndrome); CSB-1 is required for embryonic viability, and represses UV-induced apoptosis in germ cells. F53H4.2 Q93778 F53H4.3 Q93782 F53H4.4 Q93780 F53H4.5 Q93779 F53H4.6 Q86D18 F53H8.1 Q20736 apt-7 gene encodes an adaptin, orthologous to the mu3 subunit of adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3); APT-7 is also orthologous to human HPS, which when mutated leads to Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (OMIM:203300); based on structural similarity, APT-7 may be involved in the formation of intracellular transport vesicles. F53H8.2 P51485 arr-1 encodes the C. elegans beta-arrestin ortholog (OMIM:107940, 107941, mice lacking beta-arrestin family members display defects in G protein-coupled receptor desensitization); by homology, ARR-1 is predicted to be a multifunctional adaptor protein that interacts with intracellular signaling molecules as well as activated and phosphorylated G protein-coupled and TGF-beta receptors to: 1) downregulate receptor signaling, 2) promote receptor endocytosis, and 3) activate MAP kinase- and Src-dependent signaling pathways; in C. elegans, loss of arr-1 function via mutation or RNAi does not result in any obvious abnormalities and, in particular, does not appear to affect chemosensation or odorant discrimination; however, animals doubly mutant for arr-1 and grk-2, which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor kinase, are sick and slow growing; an arr-1 transcriptional reporter is expressed in neurons, including the ASH chemosensory neurons, and in the intestine. F53H8.3 Q20734 F53H8.4 Q20735 F54A3.1 Q9N4J6 F54A3.2 Q9N4J7 F54A3.3 Q9N4J8 F54A3.4 Q9N4K2 The F54A3.4 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene CBS, which when mutated leads to homocystinuria (OMIM:236200). F54A3.5 Q9N4K0 F54A3.6 Q9N4J9 F54A5.1 Q9TYT0 F54A5.2 Q9TYT4 F54A5.3a Q9TYT3 Unlike vertebrate SHC proteins, F54A5.3 proteins lack a CH2 region, and thus are not predicted to mediate responses to oxidative stress via serine or threonine phosphorylation; this function appears to have evolved relatively recently in vertebrate SHC proteins. F54A5.3b Q9TYT2 F54A5.3c Q9TYT1 F54A5.3d Q95X15 F54B11.1 Q20744 col-9 encodes a collagen protein. F54B11.10 Q20738 F54B11.11 Q20747 F54B11.2 Q20739 F54B11.3a Q20745 unc-84 encodes a transmembrane protein that contains a SUN domain with homology to S. pombe Sad1 and affects nuclear migration and anchoring of various cell types together with UNC-83 and ANC-1, thereby affecting coordinated locomotion, vulval formation, and egg laying; UNC-84 is localized to the nuclear envelope and requires LMN-1 for this localization, and it is expressed in the nuclear envelope of essentially all adult and embryonic cells. F54B11.3b Q20745 UNCoordinated F54B11.4 Q20740 F54B11.5 Q20737 F54B11.6 Q20741 F54B11.7 Q20742 F54B11.8 Q20746 F54B11.9 Q20743 F54B3.1 O62263 F54B3.2 Q09398 F54B3.3 Q20748 F54B8.1 O45558 F54B8.10 O45566 F54B8.11 Q9XTV7 F54B8.12 O45567 F54B8.2 O45560 F54B8.3 O45561 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F54B8.4 O45562 DAP-1 in vertebrates is a small proline-rich cytoplasmic protein that promotes apoptosis. F54B8.5 O45563 abf-3 encodes a homolog of the antibacterial factor ASABF from Ascaris suum; ABF-3 may play a role in innate immunity, though at present the only evidence for its having an antimicrobial humoral function is its sequence similarity. F54B8.6 O45559 F54B8.8 O45557 F54B8.9 O45565 F54C1.1 P91326 F54C1.2 Q10660 F54C1.3a Q10665 mes-3 encodes a novel protein with no discernible motifs; however, as a member of a Polycomb-like chromatin repressive complex with MES-2 and MES-6, MES-3 is required maternally for normal germline development and during larval development, for anteroposterior patterning; during germline development, the MES-2/MES-3/MES-6 complex is believed to be essential for maintaining repression of the X chromosome, and in transgenic animals, the complex is necessary for germline repression of repetitive transgenes; in axial patterning, the MES-2/MES-3/MES-6 complex is required in somatic tissues for maintaining homeotic gene repression, acting upstream of the Hox genes lin-39, mab-5, and egl-5, as well as the egl-5 target gene lin-32; MES-3 expression is detected in the nuclei of all cells during early embryogenesis, in some somatic cells and the germline precursors Z2 and Z3 during late embryogenesis and the L1 larval stage; in adults, MES-3 is expressed at highest levels in oocytes and germline nuclei in the proximal meiotic region with expression in the pachytene region negatively regulated by the RNA-binding protein GLD-1; MES-3 appears to be localized primarily to the nucleoplasm with some chromosomal association detectable during metaphase and early anaphase; in >24-cell-stage embryos, normal MES-3 levels and localization are dependent upon wild-type activity of MES-2 and MES-6. F54C1.3b Q7JNC3 Maternal Effect Sterile F54C1.5a Q8I7G4 F54C1.5b Q8I7G3 F54C1.6 P91327 F54C1.7 P91328 pat-10 encodes body wall muscle troponin C, the calcium-binding component of the troponin complex of actin thin filaments; PAT-10 is essential for muscle contraction and thus for completion of embryonic morphogenesis and elongation; by homology, PAT-10 likely functions to regulate body wall muscle contraction in response to changes in intracellular calcium; PAT-10 is expressed in body wall muscle but is also detected in vulval and anal muscles; expression in body wall muscle begins during early embryonic morphogenesis, concurrent with expression of other body wall muscle structural components. F54C1.8 P91325 F54C1.9 Q9TXJ7 F54C4.1 Q9TZ90 F54C4.2 Q9TZ93 F54C4.3 Q9TZ92 F54C4.4 Q9TZ91 F54C8.1 P34439 F54C8.2 P34440 F54C8.3 P34441 PAR-2 and PAR-3 are mislocalized in emb-30 mutant embryos. F54C8.4 P34442 F54C8.5 P34443 F54C8.6 P34444 F54C8.7a P34445 F54C8.7b Q86D24 F54C9.1 Q20751 F54C9.10 Q20758 arl-1 encodes a member of the GTP-binding ADP-ribosylation factor family. F54C9.11 Q20759 F54C9.2 Q20752 F54C9.3 Q20753 F54C9.4 Q20754 col-38 encodes a member of the collagen superfamily containing collagen triple helix repeats (20 copies) required for normal body morphology. F54C9.5 P49405 rpl-5 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L5 protein; by homology, RPL-5 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans RPL-5 activity is broadly required for embryonic, larval, germline, and vulval development, as well as normal body coloration, morphology, and postembryonic growth rates. F54C9.6 Q20755 F54C9.6 encodes a protein orthologous to the human mitochondrial protein BCS1 (YEAST HOMOLOG)-LIKE (BCS1L; OMIM:603647); mutation of BCS1L leads to neonatal tubulopathy, encephalopathy, and liver failure, or to GRACILE syndrome. F54C9.7 Q20756 F54C9.8 Q20757 F54C9.9 Q20760 F54D1.1 Q20763 F54D1.2 Q20761 F54D1.3 Q20764 F54D1.4 Q20765 F54D1.5 Q20766 gtl-2 encodes a predicted receptor-activated calcium channel and represents a family of calcium channels, the other two family members being gtl-1 and gon-2. F54D1.6 Q20762 F54D10.1 Q9TZ83 skr-15 is paralogous to the closely related group of paralogs skr-12 through skr-14, but has no closely related paralogs. F54D10.2 Q9TZ85 F54D10.3 Q9TZ87 F54D10.4 Q9TZ89 F54D10.5 Q9TZ88 F54D10.6 Q9TZ86 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F54D10.7 Q9TZ84 F54D10.8 Q9TZ82 F54D10.9 Q9TZ81 F54D11.1 Q22993 F54D11.2 Q22992 F54D11.3 Q22994 F54D11.4 Q95Q53 F54D12.1 O44835 F54D12.2 O44834 F54D12.3 O44832 F54D12.4 O44828 F54D12.5 O44829 F54D12.6 O44830 F54D12.7 O44831 F54D12.8 O44833 F54D12.9 Q71V01 F54D5.1 O17885 F54D5.11 Q20776 F54D5.12 Q20777 F54D5.14 Q9XTI9 F54D5.15a Q9XVW8 F54D5.15b Q65ZB4 F54D5.15c Q65ZB5 F54D5.2 Q20768 F54D5.3 Q20769 F54D5.4 Q20770 F54D5.5a Q20771 F54D5.7 Q20772 The F54D5.7 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene GLUTARYL-COENZYME A DEHYDROGENASE (GCDH), which when mutated leads to glutaricaciduria type I (OMIM:231670). F54D5.8 Q20774 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. F54D5.9 Q20775 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F54D7.1 O44733 F54D7.2 O44732 F54D7.3 O44731 F54D7.3 is orthologous to the human gene GONADOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE RECEPTOR (GNRHR; OMIM:138850), which when mutated leads to disease. F54D7.4 O44730 F54D8.1 Q20778 Uncloned locus that affects body length and outgrowth of posterior canal cell processes. F54D8.3a Q20780 alh-1 is orthologous to the human gene ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2, MITOCHONDRIAL (ALDH2; OMIM:100650), in which a polymorphism can lead to acute ethanol intolerance. F54D8.3b Q8IG19 ALdehyde deHydrogenase F54D8.4 Q20781 cah-1 encodes a member of the carbonic anhydrase family. F54E12.1 P08898 his-55 encodes an H3 histone; by homology, HIS-55 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-55 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in a histone gene-rich region on chromosome IV. F54E12.2 O17550 F54E12.3 P62784 his-56 encodes an H4 histone. F54E12.4 Q27876 his-58 encodes an H2B histone. F54E12.5 P09588 his-57 encodes an H2A histone. F54E2.1 Q9TXK1 F54E2.2 Q9TXK3 F54E2.3a Q9TXK2 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F54E2.3b Q965G2 KETtiN (Drosophila actin-binding) homolog F54E2.3c Q8MXD8 KETtiN (Drosophila actin-binding) homolog F54E2.3d Q8MXD7 KETtiN (Drosophila actin-binding) homolog F54E2.5 Q9TXK0 F54E2.6 Q9TXJ9 F54E4.1 Q93785 F54E4.2 Q93784 F54E4.3 Q93786 F54E4.4 Q93787 F54E7.1 Q20787 F54E7.2 P49196 rps-12 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S12 protein; by homology, RPS-12 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-12 activity is required for embryonic and germline development, normal movement, and the overall health of the animal. F54E7.3a Q17353 PAR-3 protein is required to exclude PAR-2 from the apical surface of embryonic cells, and PAR-3 localization to the apical surface requires PAR-6. F54E7.3b Q17353 abnormal embryonic PARtitioning of cytoplasm F54E7.5 Q20783 F54E7.6 Q20784 F54E7.7 P53806 Calcipressins comprise a gene family conserved among eukaryotes (yeast to human): the most prominent calcipressin motif is a central short, unique serine-proline motif (including an ISPPXSPP box), present in eukaryotes but missing in bacteria; in addition, 80 residues in the N-terminal region of calcipressins have weak but consistent similarity to an RNA-binding domain. F54E7.8 Q9BI86 F54E7.9 Q95QE8 F54F11.1 O45568 F54F11.2 O45569 F54F11.2 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; F54F11.2 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. F54F11.3 O02275 F54F12.1 O17889 F54F12.2 O17888 F54F2.1 P34446 F54F2.2a P34447 zfp-1 encodes a leucine zipper, zinc finger, and PHD/LAP domain (plant homeodomain/leukemia-associated protein)-containing protein homologous to human AF10 (OMIM:602409, which is involved in chromosomal translocations associated with acute leukemia); loss of zfp-1 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) results in suppression of RNAi, suggesting that ZFP-1 plays a role in gene silencing; based on sequence similarity, ZFP-1 is predicted to associate with chromatin. F54F2.2b P34449 Zinc Finger Protein F54F2.2c Q86MG5 Zinc Finger Protein F54F2.5a P34450 F54F2.5b Q8IG18 F54F2.6 P34451 F54F2.7 P34452 F54F2.8 P34453 prx-19 is orthologous to the human gene PEROXISOMAL FARNESYLATED PROTEIN (PXF; OMIM:600279), which when mutated leads to peroxisome biogenesis (Zellweger) syndrome of complementation group J. F54F2.9 P34454 F54F3.1 Q93791 F54F3.3 Q93789 F54F3.4 Q93790 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F54F7.1 Q20788 The taf-7.1 gene encodes an ortholog of mammalian TATA-binding protein associated factor TAF7L (TAFIIQ, OMIM:300314) that in mice exhibits testis-specific expression; TAF-7 function in C. elegans is not yet known, as taf-7 inactivation by RNA interference does not result in any obvious developmental defects. F54F7.2 Q20789 F54F7.3 Q20790 F54F7.4 Q20791 F54F7.5 Q20792 MES-1 has thus been proposed to directly orient the mitotic spindle and its associated P granules in early embryonic germline blastomeres. F54F7.6 Q20793 F54F7.7 Q20794 F54F7.8 Q7YX02 F54G2.1b Q7Z298 F54G2.2 O76571 F54G8.1 Q03599 F54G8.2 Q03603 F54G8.3 Q03600 F54G8.4 Q03601 The specific function of mammalian BERP, and thus perhaps NHL-1, may be to enable myosin V-mediated cargo transport. F54G8.5 Q03602 F54H12.1a P34455 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F54H12.1b Q8WQF0 ACOnitase F54H12.1c Q8IG17 ACOnitase F54H12.2 P34456 F54H12.3 P34457 F54H12.4 P34458 F54H12.5 P34459 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F54H12.6 P34460 F54H5.2 P91332 F54H5.3 P91330 F54H5.4a P91329 Muscle attachment to the cuticle is normal in newly hatched mutants, but mutants show progressive detachment of the body wall muscles from the cuticle during larval growth. F54H5.4b Q65ZG6 MUscle Attachment abnormal F54H5.5 P91331 F55A11.1 Q20796 F55A11.11 Q86D20 F55A11.2 Q20797 F55A11.3 Q20798 F55A11.4 Q20799 F55A11.5 Q20800 F55A11.6 P90887 F55A11.7 Q20802 F55A11.8 Q20803 F55A12.1 P91085 F55A12.10 Q95R14 F55A12.2a O01760 F55A12.2b Q8T3H1 F55A12.2c Q7Z133 F55A12.2d Q7Z132 F55A12.3 O01759 F55A12.4a O01758 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F55A12.4b Q86NJ6 DeHydrogenases, Short chain F55A12.4c Q86NJ7 DeHydrogenases, Short chain F55A12.5 O01756 F55A12.6 O01754 F55A12.7 O01755 The apm-1 gene encodes an adaptin: specifically, it encodes an ortholog of the mu1-II subunit of adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1). F55A12.8 O01757 F55A12.9a P91086 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F55A12.9b Q95R13 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein F55A12.9c Q8MQG7 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein F55A12.9d Q86NJ5 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein F55A3.2 Q9N5R8 F55A3.3 Q9N5R9 F55A3.5 Q9N5S2 F55A3.6 Q9N5S1 F55A3.7 Q9N5S0 F55A4.1 Q94241 F55A4.10 Q95Q52 F55A4.2 Q94236 F55A4.3 Q94237 F55A4.4 Q94238 F55A4.5 Q94239 F55A4.6 Q94240 F55A4.7 Q94242 F55A4.8a Q94243 F55A4.8b Q8MPU6 F55A4.8c Q8MPU5 F55A8.1 Q9BIM5 egl-18 encodes a member of the GATA-family of transcription factors that affects cell migration, cell fate specification; expressed in the head, in hypodermal seam cells, VC neurons, and vulval precursor cells. F55A8.2a O76360 egl-4 chemosensory phenotypes are suppressed by daf-3, daf-5; egl-4 altered body-length and egg-laying phenotypes are suppressed by daf-3. F55A8.2b Q7KPJ2 cyclic-GMP-dependent protein kinase F55A8.2c Q8MXG7 EGg Laying defective F55A8.2d Q8MXG6 EGg Laying defective F55A8.2e Q688A9 EGg Laying defective F55A8.2f Q688A8 EGg Laying defective F55B11.1 O17892 The F55B11.1 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE (XDH), which when mutated leads to xanthinuria (OMIM:278300). F55B11.2 O17891 F55B11.3 O17893 F55B11.4 O17890 F55B11.5 Q7JKF1 F55B12.1 Q9NLC2 ceh-24 is orthologous to the human gene SIMILAR TO THYROID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1 (TITF1; OMIM:600635), which when mutated leads to disease. F55B12.2 Q93792 F55B12.3a Q93794 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F55B12.3b Q93794 Suppressor/Enhancer of Lin-12 F55B12.4 Q93795 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F55B12.5 Q93796 F55B12.6 Q93797 F55B12.7 Q93798 F55B12.9 Q7JL79 F55C10.1 Q20804 Mating with wild-type males does not fully rescue low brood size, indicating that oocyte defects significantly contribute to reduced fertility. F55C10.2 Q20805 F55C10.3 Q21184 F55C10.4 Q20806 F55C10.5 Q7YX00 F55C12.1a Q20813 F55C12.1b Q95ZS6 F55C12.1c Q8IG14 F55C12.1d Q8IG15 F55C12.4 Q20808 F55C12.5a Q95ZS8 F55C12.5b Q95ZS7 F55C12.5c Q8IG16 F55C12.6 Q20811 F55C12.7 Q95ZS9 F55C5.1 Q20815 F55C5.10 Q7YTM4 F55C5.2 Q20816 F55C5.3a Q20817 F55C5.3b Q6BES3 TWiK family of potassium channels F55C5.4 Q20818 F55C5.5 Q20819 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F55C5.6 Q20820 F55C5.7 Q20821 F55C5.8 Q20822 F55C5.9 Q20814 F55C7.2 P91335 F55C7.7a O61528 unc-73 homozygotes show a partial P cell migration defect. F55C7.7b Q7KPP4 guanine nucleotide exchange factor F55C7.7c Q7JNG6 UNCoordinated F55C7.7d Q7JNG4 UNCoordinated F55C7.7e Q95Q51 UNCoordinated F55C7.7f Q6BEW2 UNCoordinated F55C9.1 Q9XUZ6 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F55C9.10 Q9XUZ3 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F55C9.11 Q9XUY6 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F55C9.3 Q9XUY9 F55C9.4 Q9XUZ4 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F55C9.5 Q9XUZ0 F55C9.6 Q9XUY8 F55C9.7 Q9XUY7 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F55C9.8 Q9XUZ1 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F55D1.1 Q20825 F55D1.2 Q20824 F55D10.1 Q20829 F55D10.1 is orthologous to the human gene MANNOSIDASE, ALPHA, CLASS 2B, MEMBER 1 (MAN2B1; OMIM:248500), which when mutated leads to disease. F55D10.2 P48162 rpl-25.1 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L23a protein. F55D10.3 Q20826 F55D10.4 Q20827 F55D10.5 Q20828 F55D12.1 Q20830 F55D12.2 Q20833 F55D12.3 Q20831 F55D12.4 Q20832 F55D12.5 Q19659 F55D12.6 O62264 F55E10.1 Q20839 F55E10.2 Q20838 F55E10.4 Q20836 F55E10.5 Q20837 F55E10.6 Q20840 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F55E10.7 Q20841 F55F1.1 Q20843 F55F1.2 Q20842 F55F1.3 Q8WQE9 F55F10.1 O61851 F55F3.1 Q9XUY2 F55F3.2a Q9XUY4 F55F3.2b Q8MQ23 Carboxylesterases F55F3.3 Q9XUY5 F55F3.4 Q9XUY3 F55F8.1 P91346 ptr-10 encodes a member of the Patched superfamily. F55F8.2a P91340 F55F8.2b Q86NC8 F55F8.3 P91341 F55F8.4 P91342 F55F8.5 P91343 F55F8.6 P91344 F55F8.7 P91345 F55F8.8 P91347 F55F8.9 P91348 F55G1.1 Q20850 F55G1.10 P09588 his-61 encodes an H2A histone. F55G1.12 Q20851 F55G1.13 Q20852 F55G1.15 Q20854 F55G1.2 P08898 his-59 encodes an H3 histone; by homology, HIS-59 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-59 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in a histone gene-rich region on chromosome IV. F55G1.3 Q27876 his-62 encodes an H2B histone. F55G1.4 Q20849 F55G1.5 Q20847 F55G1.6 Q20846 F55G1.7 Q20844 F55G1.8 Q20845 F55G1.9 Q20848 F55G11.1 Q9XTF2 F55G11.10 Q9XUD9 F55G11.2 Q9XUD8 F55G11.4 Q9XTF7 F55G11.5 Q9XUE0 F55G11.6 Q9XUE1 F55G11.7 Q9XUD5 F55G11.8 Q9XUD6 F55G11.9 Q9XUD4 F55G7.1 Q20855 F55G7.2 Q20856 F55G7.3 Q20857 F55H12.1 P90890 F55H12.2 Q9XVM4 F55H12.3 P90891 F55H12.4 P90889 F55H12.5 Q8I4I0 F55H12.6a Q7YTM9 F55H12.6b Q19902 Zinc finger, C2H2 type (2 domains) F55H2.1 P34461 F55H2.2 P34462 F55H2.5 P34465 F55H2.6 P34466 clu-1 is also transcribed divergently from an operon containing ZK1098.1, ZK1098.5, and ZK1098.6, raising the possibility that these genes are also coexpressed with clu-1. F55H2.7 P34467 F55H2.7 encodes an unfamiliar protein that is dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens; it residues in a common operon with clu-1, and thus might act in concert with it. F56A11.1 O44518 The GEX-2 and GEX-3 proteins colocalize to cell boundaries and bind one another (by both yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays). F56A11.3 O44516 efn-4 encodes a member of the ephrin family of ligands that affects neuroblast migrations during closure of the ventral gastrulation cleft and subsequent epidermal morphogenesis, possibly functioning independently of EFN-1, EFN-2, EFN-3, and the VAB-1 receptor during morphogenesis; can interact with VAB-1 in vitro, and is expressed in neural and epidermal precursors at the 100-cell stage, in head neurons, pharyngeal cells, lateral and tail neurons, and in the ectoderm during epidermal enclosure. F56A11.4 O44515 F56A11.5 O44517 F56A11.6 O44519 F56A11.7 Q86MG6 F56A12.1 O17894 unc-39 encodes a Six-class homeodomain transcription factor homologous to Drosophila sine oculis and mammalian Six5 (OMIM:600963, associated with myotonic dystrophy type I (DMI)); UNC-39 is required for axonal pathfinding in anterior-derived neurons and for specification of most mesodermal cell types, and may regulate a developmental decision between migration and differentiation; UNC-39 is expressed in the embryo in anterior neurons, posteriorly derived mesoderm (somatic gonad, M mesoblast, and possibly the coelomocytes and muIntR), the CAN neurons, and body wall muscle. F56A12.2 O45571 F56A3.1 P91352 F56A3.2 P91351 F56A3.3a P91350 npp-6 encodes a protein with weak similarity to mouse nuclear pore complex protein Nup160, and affects embryonic and larval viability. F56A3.3b Q8T8M4 Nuclear Pore complex Protein F56A3.4 P91349 F56A3.5 Q95ZL9 F56A4.10 O44595 F56A4.11 Q9N5Q9 F56A4.12 Q9N5Q8 F56A4.2 O44596 F56A4.3 Q9N5R3 F56A4.4 Q7KX68 F56A4.5 Q9N5R6 F56A4.6 Q9N5R5 F56A4.7 Q9N5R4 F56A4.9 Q9N5R1 F56A6.1a Q9GZG4 F56A6.1b Q86S33 F56A6.2 Q9GZG6 hum-7 encodes a class IX unconventional myosin heavy chain that contains a myosin motor domain in the head region and zinc-finger and rhoGAP (rho GTPase activating protein) domains in the tail region; HUM-7 is required during embryogenesis for cytokinesis and normal cytoplasmic rearrangements, and by homology, may function in organization of the actin cytoskeleton; the precise expression and localization patterns of HUM-7 are not yet known. F56A6.4 Q9GZG5 F56A8.1 O45572 F56A8.3a Q95ZS5 F56A8.3b O45574 F56A8.4 O45575 F56A8.5 O45576 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F56A8.6 O45577 F56A8.7a O18657 unc-64 encodes syntaxin, an plasma membrane receptor for intracellular vesicles that is orthologous to vertebrate syntaxin 1A (OMIM:186590) and Drosophila Syx1A; UNC-64 is required for normal locomotion and possibly also for insulin secretion; as an essential component of the core synaptic vesicle fusion machinery, UNC-64 interacts with UNC-13, a diacylglycerol-binding protein, and SNB-1/synaptobrevin; UNC-64 protein levels are reduced in an unc-18 mutant background; unc-64 mutations can be suppressed by mutations in slo-1, a calcium-activated potassium channel; UNC-64 is expressed ubiquitously in the nervous system and in secretory cells such as the uv1 cell in the vulva and excretory gland cells. F56A8.7b O16000 Syntaxin F56A8.8 O45578 F56B3.1 O45114 F56B3.10 O45115 F56B3.4a O45107 skr-18's most closely related paralog in the C. elegans genome is skr-17, with which it shares a statistically significant evolutionary grouping. F56B3.4b Q688B1 SKp1 Related (ubiquitin ligase complex component) F56B3.5 O45106 F56B6.2a Q8WQC0 F56B6.2b Q8WQC0 Regulator of G protein Signaling F56B6.2c Q8WQC0 Regulator of G protein Signaling F56B6.4a Q22997 F56B6.4b Q95Q50 Unidentified Vitellogenin-linked Transcript F56B6.4c Q8MPU4 Unidentified Vitellogenin-linked Transcript F56B6.5 Q22995 uvt-6 encodes a G protein-coupled receptor that is most similar to the mammalian somatostatin receptors; uvt-6 was first identified in molecular analyses of gene products linked to the vitellogenin (vit) loci on the X chromosome; as loss of uvt-6 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of uvt-6 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; uvt-6 mRNA is expressed weakly in adult hermaphrodites. F56B6.6 Q22996 F56C11.1 O61213 bli-3 is homologous to human DUOX1 (OMIM:606758) and DUOX2 (OMIM:606759), and to Drosophila CG3131; bli-3 is 91% identical to its paralog F53G12.3; bli-3 has an N-terminal signal peptide sequence, implying that its N-terminal peroxidase domain is extracellular or in a cellular compartment. F56C11.2 O44978 F56C11.3 O44975 F56C11.4 Q8T7Y8 F56C11.5 O44976 F56C11.6a O44977 F56C11.6b Q86S38 F56C3.1 O61760 F56C3.2 O61758 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F56C3.3 O61753 F56C3.4 O61754 F56C3.5 O61755 F56C3.6 O61756 F56C3.7 O61757 F56C3.8 O61759 F56C3.9 O61761 F56C4.1 Q20859 F56C4.2 Q20860 F56C4.3 Q7YX08 F56C9.1 P48727 F56C9.10a Q20869 F56C9.10b Q8MQ22 F56C9.11 Q8WQE8 F56C9.2 Q20868 F56C9.3 Q20864 F56C9.5 Q20862 F56C9.6 Q20863 F56C9.7 Q20865 F56C9.8 Q20866 F56D1.1 Q10127 F56D1.2 Q10128 F56D1.3 Q10129 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F56D1.4a Q8IG12 A receptor tyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulates the FGF receptorsignaling pathway; it localizes to the plasma membrane. F56D1.4b Q8IG13 CLeaR F56D1.4c Q8IG11 CLeaR F56D1.5 Q10130 dhs-5 has no close paralogs in C. elegans. F56D1.6 Q10131 F56D12.1a O16648 alh-6 is orthologous to the human gene ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 4 FAMILY, MEMBER A1 (ALDH4A1; OMIM:606811), which when mutated leads to hyperprolinemia type II. F56D12.1b Q86N72 ALdehyde deHydrogenase F56D12.1c Q6A593 ALdehyde deHydrogenase F56D12.4 O16643 JIP-1 is partly similar to the human gene ISLET-BRAIN 1 (MAPK8IP1; OMIM:604641), which when mutated leads to type II diabetes. F56D12.5a O16646 F56D12.5b Q8MNX8 VIG (Drosophila Vasa Intronic Gene) ortholog F56D12.6a Q9TXS0 F56D12.6b O16647 F56D2.1 P98080 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F56D2.2 Q20874 F56D2.3 Q20873 F56D2.4 Q20872 uev-2 encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC or E2) variant that contains the characteristic UBC motif, but lacks the critical active-site cysteine residue necessary for catalytic activity; as loss of UEV-2 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of UEV-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; based on similarity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human proteins, however, UEV-2 may play a role in cell cycle control or response to stress or DNA damage. F56D2.5 Q20871 F56D2.6a Q20875 The components of the compensasome are generally conserved in metazoa: they thus are likely to act as a functional unit in C. elegans and other metazoa, and not merely in Drosophila alone. F56D2.6b Q8MQ21 F56D2.7 O76337 The mutant phenotype of ced-6 is enhanced by mutation of ced-12. F56D2.8 O01420 F56D3.1 Q20877 F56D5.1 Q20880 F56D5.10 Q20882 F56D5.2 Q20879 F56D5.3 Q20883 F56D5.5 Q20885 F56D5.6 Q20881 F56D5.9 Q20878 F56D6.1 Q8ITX3 F56D6.2 Q8ITX4 F56D6.4 Q8ITX5 F56D6.5 Q8ITX6 F56D6.6 Q8ITX7 F56D6.7 Q65CL7 F56E10.1 Q9TXN9 F56E10.2 Q9TXP2 F56E10.3 Q9TXP1 F56E10.4 Q9TXP0 rps-27 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S27 protein. F56E3.3a Q20888 klp-4 encodes a kinesin-like motor protein paralogous to UNC-104 and KLP-6 and orthologous to Drosophila KHC-73 and the vertebrate KIF1A, KIF13B, and GAKIN motor proteins; as loss of KLP-4 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of KLP-4 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; based on sequence similarity, however, KLP-4 is predicted to play a role in neuronal development or function; in situ hybridization results suggest that klp-4 is expressed in the nervous system. F56E3.3b Q8MQ20 Kinesin-Like Protein F56E3.3c Q8IG10 Kinesin-Like Protein F56E3.4 P90892 fax-1 encodes a predicted nuclear hormone receptor that contains two C4-type zinc fingers; FAX-1 is orthologous to the vertebrate photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor (NR2E3 or PNR; OMIM:604485, mutated in enhanced S-cone syndrome and retinitis pigmentosa); FAX-1 is required for normal locomotion and for specification of neuronal identities, including pathfinding of the AVKR, AVKL, HSNL, and PVQL axons and expresion of the FMRFamide-like FLP-1 peptide neurotransmitter in AVKR and AVKL; FAX-1 is expressed in embryonic neurons, including the AVK interneurons, just prior to axon extension. F56F10.1 P90893 F56F10.2 Q20892 F56F10.3 Q20893 F56F10.4 Q20894 F56F11.1 Q9TZ62 F56F11.2 Q9TZ63 F56F11.3 Q9TZ64 F56F11.4a Q9TZ65 F56F11.4b Q8MXF1 F56F11.5 Q9TZ66 F56F12.1 Q9U3E3 F56F3.1 Q20898 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F56F3.2a Q20900 F56F3.2b Q86MD1 NorDiHydroGuaiaretic acid resistant F56F3.3 Q20897 F56F3.4 Q20899 F56F3.5 P48154 rps-1 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S3A protein. F56F3.6 Q20896 F56F4.1 Q7KQG3 F56F4.2 O01845 F56F4.3 O01843 F56F4.4 O01841 F56F4.5 O01840 F56F4.6 O01842 F56F4.7 O01844 F56G4.1 Q9XTL6 F56G4.2 Q27347 pes-2 encodes a protein containing a predicted signal sequence and an F-box, a motif believed to mediate protein-protein interactions either with homologs of yeast Skp1p or with other proteins; pes-2 was identified in two different molecular screens, a promoter-trapping screen and a screen for genes that are preferentially transcribed in pre-gastrulation embryos; by homology, pes-2 is predicted to function in ubiquitin-proteasome mediated protein degradation; pes-2 may also play a role in lifespan determination, as its expression is downregulated in young adult worms containing loss-of-function mutations in the daf-2 insulin/IGF-1 receptor, and loss of pes-2 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) can enhance animal survival rates; pes-2 expression is first detected in 4- to 8-cell stage embryos, continues in early embryogenesis in cells from the AB, MS, and E founder cell lineages, and in later embryogenesis is becomes restricted to hypodermal cells; expression in larvae and adults has not yet been reported. F56G4.3 Q27347 F56G4.4 Q9XUY1 F56G4.5 Q9TW67 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F56G4.6 Q9XUY0 F56H1.1 O76372 In mc16, mc35 and ok193 adults, the amphid socket cell in the head either fails to form a channel, or forms a channel with electron-dense material, with the amphid sheath cell accumulating numerous vesicles and failing to form a normal channel. F56H1.2 O76370 F56H1.3 O76369 F56H1.4 O76371 rpt-5 encodes a triple A ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome's 19S regulatory particle (RP) base subcomplex; RPT-5 is required for embryonic, larval, and germline development and by homology, is predicted to function in unfolding protein substrates and translocating them into the core proteolytic particle (CP) of the proteasome. F56H1.5 O76373 F56H11.1a O77469 The number and organization of structural modules are identical in nematode versus vertebrate fibulins. F56H11.1b O77469 fibrulin-1 (D-isoform) F56H11.1c O77469 fibrulin F56H11.2 Q20902 F56H11.3 Q20904 It is likely that elo-7 encodes an elongase component, but its actual biochemical activity is not yet known. F56H11.4 Q20901 elo-1 was initially identified as a distant homolog of the yeast enzymes ELO2 and ELO3. F56H11.6 Q20906 F56H6.1 O45579 F56H6.11 O45589 F56H6.12 O45590 F56H6.13 Q9GS12 F56H6.2 O45580 F56H6.3 O45582 F56H6.4 O45581 F56H6.5 O45583 F56H6.6 O45584 F56H6.7 O45585 F56H6.8 O45586 F56H6.9 O45587 F56H9.1 Q20908 F56H9.2 Q20909 F56H9.3 Q20907 gpa-8 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases; expressed in URX, AQR, and PQR sensory cells. F56H9.4 Q20910 gpa-9 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases; it is expressed in ASJ, PHB, PVQ, pharyngeal muscle, and the spermatheca. F56H9.5 Q10573 F57A10.1 O17896 F57A10.2 O45592 F57A10.3 O17895 haf-3 encodes a member of the ABC transporter family with highest similarity to human ABCB10. F57A10.4 O17897 F57A10.5 O17898 F57A10.6 Q7YSI6 F57A8.1 Q20918 F57A8.2 Q20913 F57A8.3 Q20914 F57A8.4 Q20915 F57A8.5 Q20916 F57A8.6 Q20917 F57A8.7 Q20919 F57A8.8 Q7YX01 F57B1.1 Q20923 F57B1.2 Q20924 F57B1.3 Q20922 F57B1.4 Q20921 F57B1.5 Q20925 F57B1.6 Q20926 F57B1.7 Q20920 F57B10.1 O44743 F57B10.10 P52872 dad-1 encodes an ortholog of human DAD1 (OMIM:600243) that inhibits cell death and can functionally complement the hamster protein in cultured cells. F57B10.11 O44739 A homolog of the human BAG-family of co-chaperone proteins, negatively regulates Hsp70 and affects cell stress and cell growth. F57B10.12 O44740 F57B10.14 Q8MXI1 F57B10.3a O44742 F57B10.3b Q8IA68 F57B10.4 O44741 F57B10.5 O44738 F57B10.6 O44737 F57B10.6 is orthologous to the human gene EXCISION REPAIR CROSS-COMPLEMENTING RODENT REPAIR DEFICIENCY, COMPLEMENTATION GROUP 5 (XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM, COMPLEMENTATION GROUP G (COCKAYNE SYNDROME)) (ERCC5; OMIM:133530), which when mutated leads to disease. F57B10.7 O44736 F57B10.8 O44734 F57B10.9 O44735 F57B10.9 is orthologous to the human gene SPARTIN (TAHCCP1; OMIM:607111), which when mutated leads to disease. F57B7.1a Q20929 F57B7.1b Q8MQ19 G-protein coupled receptor F57B7.2 Q20928 F57B7.3 Q20927 F57B7.4 Q20930 F57B9.10a Q20938 rpn-6 is predicted to encode a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory complex of the proteasome that affects adult viability, larval viability, embryonic viability, fertility, and osmoregulation. F57B9.2 Q20937 F57B9.4c Q8I7J3 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F57B9.4d Q8I7J2 COenzyme Q (ubiquinone) biosynthesis F57B9.4e Q8I7J4 COenzyme Q (ubiquinone) biosynthesis F57B9.5 Q20932 In mammals, BYSL is part of a homophilic cell adhesion molecule complex, including trophonin and tastin, that is expressed in the apical cell surfaces of trophoblast and endometrial cells. F57B9.6 P27639 inf-1 encodes a protein with high similarity to eukaryotic initiation factor 4A. F57B9.9 Q20936 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F57C12.1 Q20942 F57C12.2 Q20940 F57C12.3 Q20941 F57C12.4 Q20943 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F57C12.5a Q9N2N3 F57C12.5b Q95QE2 Multidrug Resistance Protein family F57C12.5c Q8MQ16 Multidrug Resistance Protein family F57C12.5d Q7YZW1 Multidrug Resistance Protein family F57C2.1 O45593 F57C2.2 O45594 F57C2.3 O45595 F57C2.4 O45596 F57C2.5 O62265 F57C2.6 O45243 F57C7.1a Q20947 F57C7.1b Q20948 female sterile homeotic protein (Bromodomain protein) F57C7.2a Q20944 nhx-5 encodes a sodium/proton exchanger expressed intracellularly in many neurons, as well as in the vulC cells of the vulva and the excretory cell; nhx-5 has no obvious phenotype in mass RNAi screens; NHX-5 is thought to prevent intracellular acidification by catalysing the electroneutral exchange of vesicular sodium for an intracellular proton; the granular intracellular expression of NHX-5::GFP suggests association with some cytoplasmic organelle specifically required for neuronal function. F57C7.2b Q8T5R7 Na(+)/H(+) exchanger F57C7.3a P50605 sdn-1 encodes a homolog of vertebrate syndecan-2, a type I transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan; by homology, SDN-1 is predicted to play a role in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion; loss of sdn-1 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) indicates that SDN-1 is required for backward locomotion and for normal development of the egg-laying system, particularly gonadal and vulval structures; SDN-1 is expressed in a subset of neuronal cell bodies and their associated processes in the nerve ring, and also in select tail neurons. F57C7.3b Q8I4H9 syndecan like protein F57C7.4 Q20945 F57C7.5 Q20946 F57C9.1b Q95R04 F57C9.2 O01823 F57C9.3 O01822 F57C9.4a Q95R05 F57C9.4b Q95R06 F57C9.5 O01820 F57C9.6 O01818 F57C9.7 O01819 F57E7.1 Q9XXT3 F57E7.2 Q9XXT4 F57E7.3 Q9XXT2 F57F10.1a Q09570 The F57F10.1 gene encodes two proteins, F57F10.1A and F57F10.1B that are homologous to the Arabidopsis and Saccharomyces boron exporters, BOR1 and YNL275w, and closely similar to the to the human BOR1/YNL275w ortholog, BTS1; like BOR1 and YNL275w, F57F10.1A/B proteins might act to export borate ions. F57F10.1b Q8MQ15 Anion/Bicarbonate TranSporter family F57F4.1 Q94245 F57F4.2 Q94244 F57F4.3 Q94246 gfi-1 encodes a protein that contains 21 ET modules; interacts with unc-68 in yeast two-hybrid assays. F57F4.4 Q94247 F57F5.1 Q20950 F57F5.2 P90895 F57F5.3 Q20951 F57F5.4 Q20952 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. F57F5.5 P34885 pkc-1 encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is orthologous to mammalian protein kinase C epsilon (PRKCE), a member of the nPKC subgroup of the protein kinase C superfamily; together with UNC-13, PKC-1 may act downstream of goa-1 to modulate phorbol ester-induced stimulation of acetylcholine release at NMJs; PKC-1 positively regulates locomotion, and affects thermotaxis and chemotaxis together with kin-11; PKC-1 is required for regulating several behaviors including sensation of volatile and soluble compounds, osmolarity, and temperature (thermosensation); PKC-1 is also required for phorbolester-induced stimulation of acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions; PKC-1 localizes to the processes and cell bodies of approximately 75 sensory neurons and interneurons, and pkc-1 mRNA is detectable at varying levels during larval and adult stages. F57G12.1 Q20955 F57G12.2 Q20956 F57G4.1 Q9XUX6 F57G4.2 Q9XUX5 F57G4.3 Q9XUX4 F57G4.4 Q9XUX9 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F57G4.5 Q9XUX8 F57G4.6 Q9XUX7 F57G4.8 Q9XUX2 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F57G4.9 Q9XUX1 F57G8.1 Q9XU91 F57G8.3 Q9XU90 F57G8.4 Q9XU87 F57G8.5 Q9XU88 F57G8.6 Q9XU89 F57G8.7 Q9XU92 F57G8.8 Q9XU94 F57G9.1 O62266 F57G9.2 O62267 F57G9.3 O62268 F57G9.4 O62269 F57H12.1 O45099 arf-3 encodes a member of the ADP-ribosylation factor related protein family; likely expressed in touch receptors and regulated by MEC-3. F57H12.2 Q17372 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F57H12.3 O45098 F57H12.4 O45096 F57H12.5 O45095 F57H12.6 O45097 F57H12.7 O45100 F58A3.1a Q8I0E4 ldb-1 encodes an Ldb/NLI/Clim member of the nuclear LIM binding protein family that affects coordinated locomotion, vulval development, mechanosensation, and growth of larvae and is required for transcriptional activation of mec-2; can interact with MEC-3 to activate transcription using yeast two-hybrid assays and is expressed in all neurons, vulval cells, gonadal sheath cells, and in some body muscle cells. F58A3.1b Q8I4H8 LIM domain Binding Protein F58A3.1c Q9U3E2 LIM domain Binding Protein F58A3.2a Q10656 EGL-15 is also a homolog of human FGFR3 and RET, which when mutated lead to achondroplasia (OMIM:100800) and multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (OMIM:171400). F58A3.2b Q10656 EGg Laying defective F58A3.2c Q10656 EGg Laying defective F58A3.2d Q8MQ14 EGg Laying defective F58A3.2e Q7JL68 EGg Laying defective F58A3.3 Q93802 F58A3.4 Q93806 F58A3.5 Q93805 F58A4.1 P34468 F58A4.10 P34477 F58A4.11 P34478 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F58A4.2 P34469 F58A4.3 P34470 The hcp-3 gene encodes a centromere protein (CENP)-A homolog required for kinetochore function; inactivation of hcp-3 in one-cell embryos by RNAi causes a complete loss of kinetochores, with total failure of chromosomes to segregate properly during mitosis, to recruit components to the kinetochore other than HCP-3, or to assemble a stable mitotic spindle; in addition, HCP-4 fails to localize properly to the kinetochore in hcp-3(RNAi) embryos. F58A4.5 P34472 F58A4.6 P34473 F58A4.7a Q7JMU4 F58A4.7b P34474 Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain F58A4.7c Q86DA4 Helix Loop Helix F58A4.7d Q7YXC9 Helix Loop Helix F58A4.8 P34475 F58A4.9 P34476 F58A6.1 Q20959 F58A6.10 Q20962 F58A6.11 Q20963 F58A6.2 Q20957 F58A6.5 Q20960 F58A6.6 Q20961 F58A6.8 P53017 msp-45 encodes a member of the major sperm protein family. F58A6.9 Q95PJ7 F58B3.1 Q20964 F58B3.2 Q20967 F58B3.3 Q20968 lys-6 (lys=laterally symmetrical) encodes a microRNA, a small non-protein coding RNA and was the first miRNA to have a role in nervous system development in vivo; lys-6 is involved in the pathway for functional lateralization of the chemosensory ASE neuron; lys-6 controls the asymmetrical expression of the gcy chemoreceptors, gcy-5 and gcy-7, in ASER and ASEL; reporter gene fusions indicate that lys-6 is expressed in one pair of tail neurons and seven head neurons including ASEL, but not in ASER. F58B3.4 Q20969 F58B3.5 Q20970 mrs-1 encodes a predicted cytoplasmic methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS), a class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the attachment of methionine to its cognate tRNA and is thus required for protein biosynthesis; MRS-1 is essential for embryogenesis and required also for a normal rate of postembryonic growth. F58B3.6 Q20965 F58B3.7 Q20966 F58B3.8 Q20971 F58B3.9 Q93809 F58B4.1a Q7JLI1 F58B4.1b Q7JLI1 Nematode AStacin protease F58B4.2 Q20976 F58B4.3 Q20973 F58B4.4 Q20972 F58B4.5 Q20974 F58B4.6 Q7YX11 F58B6.1 Q9TYU8 F58B6.2 Q9TYU9 F58B6.3a Q965G1 PAR-2 protein is excluded from the apical surface of embryonic cells by PAR-3 protein. F58B6.3b Q965F9 abnormal embryonic PARtitioning of cytoplasm F58B6.5 Q8ITV8 F58D12.1 O02276 F58D12.3 O02277 F58D2.1 Q9XVM3 F58D2.2 Q9XVM2 F58D5.1 Q9NLD1 F58D5.2a Q9NLD2 F58D5.2b Q7YTT0 F58D5.3 Q9N6C3 F58D5.4a Q8T4N7 F58D5.4b Q8T4N6 Kinase Suppressor of activated Ras F58D5.5 Q9NLD3 F58D5.6 Q9NLD4 F58D5.7 Q9NLC7 F58D5.8 Q9NLC8 F58D5.9 Q7YTM2 F58D7.1 O16337 F58E1.1 Q9TZF8 F58E1.10 Q9TZG2 F58E1.11 Q9TZG1 F58E1.12 Q9TZG0 F58E1.13 Q9TZF9 F58E1.14 Q9TZF7 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F58E1.2 Q9TZG5 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F58E1.3 Q9TZG6 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F58E1.4 Q9TZG7 F58E1.5 Q9TZG9 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F58E1.6a Q9TZH0 nhx-6 encodes a sodium/proton exchanger expressed mainly in the basolateral plasma membranes of the most posterior and anterior cells of the intestine, but mainly in the apical surface of medial intestinal cells; nhx-6 has no obvious phenotype in mass RNAi screens; NHX-6 is thought to prevent intracellular acidification by catalysing the electroneutral exchange of extracellular sodium for an intracellular proton. F58E1.6b Q7KNR5 Na/H eXchanger F58E1.7 Q9TZG8 F58E1.8 Q9TZG4 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F58E1.9 Q9TZG3 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F58E10.1 Q9XUW6 F58E10.2 O44353 end-1 encodes a GATA-like transcription factor sufficient to initiate endoderm differentiation and binds to the canonical target DNA sequence WGATAR with specificity similar to GATA-1 and D4 transcription factors; its expression bypasses requirement for maternal SKN-1 and the maternal Wnt signaling pathway in endoderm formation and it activates endoderm differentiation in isolated Xenopus ectoderm. F58E10.3 Q9XUW5 F58E10.4 Q9XUW8 aip-1 encodes an AN-1-like zinc finger-containing protein homologous to arsenite-inducible RNA-associated protein (AIRAP), conserved among C. elegans, Drosophila, and mammals; like AIRAP itself, AIP-1 protects cells from arsenite toxicity; AIP-1 is a predicted RNA binding protein that may function in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis following aresenite treatment; AIP-1 does not appear to be essential for viability, but is expressed at high levels in hypodermal and intestinal cells following such treatment. F58E10.5 Q9XUW7 end-3, with end-1, is transcriptionally activated by MED-1/-2 and repressed by POP-1 in early embryos. F58E10.6 Q9XUX0 F58E10.7 Q9XUW9 F58E2.2 Q9TYZ6 F58E2.3 Q9TYZ7 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F58E2.4 Q9TYZ8 F58E2.5 Q9TZ02 F58E2.9 Q9TZ00 F58E6.10 Q20455 Q50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-8, ceh-10, ceh-42, unc-4, unc-42, C18B12.3, R08B4.2, and T13C5.4; K50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-36, ceh-37, unc-30, and C09G12.1; C. elegans' one S50 gene is vab-3; and outliers (neither Q50 nor K50 or S50) include pax-3 and Y53C12C.1. F58E6.11 Q7YX04 F58E6.1a Q20977 The first is an SSM4 domain; the second is a STAT domain; and the last is an SH2 domain. F58E6.1b Q95ZS4 F58E6.3 Q20979 F58E6.4 Q20980 F58E6.5 Q20981 F58E6.6 Q20982 F58E6.7 Q20983 F58E6.8 Q20984 F58F12.1 Q09544 F58F12.2 Q09399 F58F12.3 Q09400 F58F6.1 O44174 F58F6.2 O44173 F58F6.3 O44172 F58F6.4 O44175 rfc-2 encodes a member of the AAA family that are ATPases associated with DNA replication and has highest similarity to the mouse Replication factor C 40 kDa subunit, and affects embryonic viability, fertility, and locomotion in a large-scale RNAi screen. F58F6.5 O44176 F58F6.6 O44177 F58F9.1 Q20993 F58F9.3a Q20989 F58F9.3b Q20990 F58F9.4 Q20988 F58F9.6 Q20991 F58F9.7 Q20992 F58G1.1 O62275 F58G1.2 O62276 F58G1.3 O62272 F58G1.4 O62277 F58G1.5 O62271 F58G1.6 O62274 F58G1.7 O62270 F58G1.8 O62278 F58G1.9 O62273 F58G11.1a Q9XVM0 F58G11.1b Q9XVL7 F58G11.2 P90897 F58G11.3 P90898 F58G11.4 Q9XVL9 F58G11.5 Q9XVM1 F58G11.6 Q9XVL8 F58G4.1 Q21000 F58G4.2 Q9GS08 F58G4.3 Q20998 F58G4.4 Q20997 F58G4.5 Q9GS11 F58G4.6 Q9GS10 F58G4.7 Q9GS09 F58G6.1 Q21004 F58G6.2 Q21008 F58G6.3 Q21009 F58G6.4 Q21005 F58G6.5a Q21006 Like all C. elegans nuclear receptors, NHR-34 is presently an orphan receptor. F58G6.5b Q21006 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family F58G6.5c Q7JM21 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family F58G6.6 Q21007 Expression of mec-4(d) driven by the del-2 promoter induces cellular degeneration that is suppressed by mutations in mec-6. F58G6.7 Q95QD9 F58G6.8 Q7YX13 F58H1.1 Q21010 F58H1.2 Q21011 F58H1.3 Q21012 F58H1.4 Q21013 F58H1.5 Q21014 F58H1.6 Q21015 F58H1.7 Q18790 F58H10.1 Q93827 F58H12.1 Q21017 kin-29 encodes a serine/threonine kinase with significant homology in the kinase domain to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SNF1 kinases; the AMP-kinase cascade is activated by cellular stresses that deplete ATP; AMP-kinase is believed to protect the mammalian cell by 'switching off' ATP-consuming pathways like fatty acid synthesis, by phosphorylating key regulatory enzymes, and switching on alternative pathways for ATP generation; kin-29 is involved in regulating the expression of chemosensory receptors and entry into the daur pathway; kin-29 also affects body size via interaction with the Sma/Mab pathway and lifespan, with mutants exhibiting a smaller body size and increased life span; a functional KIN-29-GFP fusion protein is expressed in sensory neurons and many other cell types, and localizes to the cytoplasm; under conditions of cellular stress like heat shock and starvation, KIN-29-GFP translocates to the nucleus. F58H7.1 O45090 F58H7.2 O45089 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F58H7.3 O61216 F58H7.5 O45091 F58H7.6 O45092 F58H7.7 O45093 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F58H7.8 O45094 F59A1.10 Q9XUW0 F59A1.11 Q9XUW3 F59A1.12 Q9XUW4 F59A1.13 Q9XUV7 F59A1.14 Q86DA3 F59A1.15 Q7YWZ9 F59A1.16 Q7YWZ8 F59A1.3 O62279 F59A1.4 O62280 F59A1.6 Q9XUV9 F59A1.7 Q9XUW2 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F59A1.8 Q9XUW1 F59A1.9 Q9XUV8 F59A2.1a Q21021 F59A2.1b Q86G90 Nuclear Pore complex Protein F59A2.2 Q21020 F59A2.3 Q21018 F59A2.4 P52874 F59A2.5 Q21019 F59A2.6 Q21022 F59A6.1 Q21029 nsy-1 encodes a MAP kinase kinase kinase homolog that affects chemotaxis, egg laying, and pathogen response; NSY-1 activity is activated by the calmodulin kinase UNC-43, and is required for lateral signalling that leads to asymmetric olfactory neuron fates; interacts with SEK-1, and is expressed in the intestine, hypodermis, rectal gland cells, and neurons. F59A6.2 Q21028 F59A6.3 Q21027 F59A6.4 Q21026 F59A6.5 Q21025 F59A6.6a Q21024 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F59A6.6b Q86MP4 RNase H F59A6.9 Q86MG7 F59A7.1 O16285 F59A7.2 O16281 F59A7.3 O16278 F59A7.4 O16277 F59A7.5a O16279 F59A7.5b Q7KQA4 F59A7.7 O16282 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F59A7.8 O16283 F59A7.9 O16284 F59B1.1 O61883 F59B1.10 Q8IA57 F59B1.2 O61880 F59B1.3 O61876 F59B1.4 O61878 F59B1.5 O61877 F59B1.6 O61879 F59B1.7 O61881 F59B1.8 O61882 F59B1.9 O61884 acr-23 encodes an alpha 7-like homomer-forming subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) superfamily which encode ligand-gated ion channels that regulate fast action of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and in the nervous system; ACR-23 is a member of the DEG-3-like group of nAChR subunits which appears to be unique to nematodes. F59B10.1 Q23567 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. F59B10.2 Q09950 F59B10.3 Q09951 F59B10.4a Q09952 F59B10.4b Q6BEV1 F59B10.5 Q09953 F59B10.6 Q09954 F59B2.11 P34486 F59B2.12 P34487 F59B2.13 P34488 F59B2.2 P34479 F59B2.3 P34480 F59B2.5 P34481 F59B2.6 P34482 zif-1(RNAi) animals die during embryogenesis. F59B2.7 P34213 F59B2.8 P34483 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F59B2.9 P34484 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F59B8.1a Q86D10 F59B8.1b P90899 F59B8.2 Q21032 F59C12.1 Q21035 cdh-9 encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily of transmembrane glycoproteins that mediate homophilic cell-cell adhesion; as loss of CDH-9 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of CDH-9 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. F59C12.2 O17470 F59C6.11 Q95NH9 F59C6.11 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; F59C6.11 is worm-specific, with obvious homologs only in C. elegans; F59C6.11 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. F59C6.2 Q93828 F59C6.3 Q93829 F59C6.4 Q93830 F59C6.5 Q93831 F59C6.6 Q93832 nlp-4 encodes three predicted neuropeptide-like proteins; nlp-4 has no none homologs in other nematode species, and its expression pattern has not been determined; in addition, as loss of nlp-4 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of nlp-4-encoded peptides in development and/or behavior is not yet known. F59C6.7 Q93833 che-13 encodes a novel protein homologous to mammalian IFT57/Hippi (OMIM:606621, protein interactor of Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 that is implicated in neuronal apoptosis in the Huntington disease state); CHE-13 is a proposed component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) complex B, and is required for the construction and maintenance of cilia on a subset of sensory neurons; in addition, CHE-13 is required for proper localization of OSM-5, a murine polaris homolog, to IFT complex B; CHE-13 is expressed in ciliated sensory neurons including the amphids, phasmids, inner and outer labial neurons, and sensory rays of the male tail, localizing to the cilia base (transition zone) as well as to the axoneme; che-13 expression, like that of ciliogenic genes osm-1, osm-5, osm-6, and che-2, is positively regulated by the DAF-19 RFX-type transcription factor. F59C6.8 Q93834 F59D12.1 O17899 F59D12.2 O62281 F59D12.3 Q9XUV6 F59D12.4 O17900 In Drosophila, Dally-like (Dlp) is strictly necessary for Hedgehog signal transduction; loss of Dlp function via RNAi results in a segment polarity phenotype identical to that of hedgehog loss-of-function mutations. F59D12.5 Q9XTE3 F59D6.1 O16344 F59D6.2 O16339 F59D6.3 O16338 F59D6.4 O16340 F59D6.5 O16341 F59D6.6 O16342 F59D6.7 O16343 F59D8.1 Q9N4J2 vit-3 encodes a vitellogenin, a precursor of the lipid-binding protein related to vertebrate vitellogenins and mammalian ApoB-100, a core LDL particle constituent (OMIM:107730); VIT-3 is a major yolk component, but as loss of VIT-3 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, VIT-3 likely functions redundantly with other vitellogenins to provide essential nutrients to the developing embryo; VIT-3 is expressed exclusively in the adult hermaphrodite intestine, from which it is secreted into the pseudocoelomic space and finally taken up by oocytes; in males, vit-3 expression may be negatively regulated by MAB-3, a DM binding domain-containing transcription factor required for male sexual development. F59D8.2 P18947 F59E10.1 Q21037 F59E10.2 P52012 cyp-4 encodes a peptidyl-propyl cis-trans isomerase of the cyclophilin family that is required for sexual differentiation of germ cells in hermaphrodites and affects body-wall muscle cell development; expression is most abundant in early larval stages and is observed exclusively in body- wall striated muscle cells. F59E10.3 O17901 F59E10.3 encodes a zeta subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex; in mass RNAi assays, F59E10.3 is required for embryonic, larval, and adult viability, for fertility, and for normal osmoregulation. F59E11.1 O45695 F59E11.10 O16752 F59E11.11 O16753 F59E11.12a O16754 F59E11.12b Q71VC4 F59E11.13 O16755 F59E11.14 Q9GUE3 F59E11.15 Q9GUE2 F59E11.16 Q9GUE1 F59E11.2 O16764 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F59E11.5 O16761 F59E11.6 O16760 F59E11.7a O16759 F59E11.7b Q8IA81 F59E11.8 Q22556 F59E12.1 O01905 F59E12.10 O01901 F59E12.11 O01902 F59E12.12 O01904 A cuticle collagen involved in strut assembly in the adult cuticle. F59E12.13 O01906 F59E12.2 Q9GT24 Mutants homozygous for the temperature-sensitive zyg-1 allele oj7, grown at restrictive temperatures, show joint sterile and uncoordinated phenotypes; a strong maternal embryonic-lethal phenotype; 10-20% penetrance of larval arrest; and variable vulvaless, protruding vulva, or multiple vulva phenotypes. F59E12.3 O01899 F59E12.4a Q95QZ7 F59E12.4b Q95QZ8 F59E12.5a O01894 F59E12.5b Q95QZ9 F59E12.6a Q86MP9 F59E12.6b Q86MP8 F59E12.8 O01898 F59E12.9 O01900 F59F3.1 Q21038 F59F3.2 Q21039 F59F3.4 Q93808 F59F3.5 Q21041 F59F3.6 Q8MQ13 F59F4.1 Q93839 F59F4.2 Q93838 F59F4.3 Q93840 F59F4.4 Q93841 F59F5.1 Q21044 F59F5.2 Q21045 F59F5.3 Q21046 F59F5.4 Q21047 F59F5.5 Q21048 F59F5.6 Q21049 syd-2 encodes alpha-liprin, a member of the liprin family of proteins that interact with LAR (leukocyte common antigen related)-type receptor tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) to facilitate clustering of RPTPs to focal adhesions; SYD-2 is required for establishing normal presynaptic density, and is expressed in all neurons and muscles; SYD-2 is required cell autonomously in neurons for differentiation of presynaptic active zones, where SYD-2 is localized. F59F5.7 Q20949 F59F5.8 Q9BI85 F59G1.1a Q21054 F59G1.1b Q9BI83 F59G1.1c Q8T3D8 F59G1.1d Q86NG8 F59G1.2 Q21052 F59G1.3 Q21053 F59G1.4 Q21051 F59G1.5 Q21055 F59G1.7 Q9TY03 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F59G1.8 Q9BI84 F59H5.1 Q9TZI4 F59H5.1 encodes an unfamiliar protein with a low-complexity N-terminal region and a C-terminal DUF545 motif (of unknown function, found solely in nematode proteins); F59H5.1 is expressed in neuronal head ganglia, intestinal cells, hypodermal cells, and coelomocytes, with strong expression in embryos; F59H5.1 has no obvious function or phenotype in RNAi assays, whether in a normal background or in goa-1(-) or goa-1(gf) mutant backgrounds. F59H5.3 Q9TZI3 F59H6.1 Q9N5P6 F59H6.10 Q9N5P9 F59H6.11 Q9N5P8 F59H6.12 Q9N5P7 F59H6.2 Q9N5Q3 F59H6.3 Q9N5Q4 F59H6.4 Q9N5Q6 F59H6.5 Q9N5Q7 F59H6.6 Q9N5Q5 F59H6.7 Q7Z134 F59H6.8 Q9N5Q1 F59H6.9 Q9N5Q0 H01A20.1 Q9XTJ4 H01A20.2 Q7YWZ6 H01G02.1 O17902 H01G02.2 O17903 H01G02.3a Q7JKB9 H01G02.3b Q7JKB8 H01M10.1 Q9N5P5 H01M10.2 Q9N5P4 H02F09.2 O76603 H02F09.3 O76602 H02F09.4 O76601 H02I12.1 O45599 H02I12.2 O45600 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). H02I12.3 O45601 H02I12.4 O45602 H02I12.5 O45603 H02I12.6 Q27876 his-66 encodes an H2B histone. H02I12.7 P09588 his-65 encodes an H2A histone. H02I12.8 O45605 H02K04.1 O45993 H03A11.1 Q9XTW2 H03A11.2 Q9XTW1 H03E18.1 Q94248 H03E18.2 Q94249 H03G16.1 Q9XU23 H03G16.2 Q9XU24 H03G16.4 Q9XU20 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). H03G16.5 Q9XU21 H04D03.1 O45607 H04D03.2a O45606 H04D03.2b Q9U3D9 H04D03.3 O45608 H04D03.4 Q7YWY1 H04J21.1 O61207 H04J21.2 O44811 H04J21.3a O61208 gip-1 encodes the C. elegans homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spc98p, a gamma-tubulin-binding protein that with Spc97p forms part of a gamma-tubulin ring complex that can nucleate microtubule formation in vitro and in vivo; in C. elegans, GIP-1 is essential for embryogenesis and required for formation of centrosomal asters during interphase and formation of the mitotic spindle, but not for formation of mitotic asters; GIP-1 colocalizes with TBG-1/gamma-tubulin to centrosomes during interphase and mitosis; GIP-1 and TBG-1 are required reciprocally for centrosomal localization. H04J21.3b Q8ITY3 Gamma-tubulin Interacting Protein H04J21.3c Q7YZW0 Gamma-tubulin Interacting Protein H04M03.1 Q9TYQ8 H04M03.11 Q9TYR2 H04M03.12 Q9TYQ7 H04M03.2 Q9TYQ9 H04M03.3 Q9TYR0 H04M03.4 Q9TYR1 H04M03.6 Q9TYR7 H04M03.8 Q9TYR5 H04M03.9 Q9TYR4 H05B21.2 O61969 H05B21.3 O61970 H05B21.4 O61971 H05C05.1a Q9TXU2 H05C05.1b Q8ITW7 H05C05.2a Q8ITW6 H05C05.2b Q8ITW5 H05C05.3 Q9TXU4 H05G16.1 O17905 frm-3 encodes a protein containing a FERM domain (Band 4.1 family); expressed in a few cells in the head. H05L03.3 Q95YA3 H05L14.1 O18107 H05L14.2 O17709 H06A10.1 Q9XTR0 H06A10.2 Q7YXA3 H06H21.1 Q9TXU9 H06H21.10a Q9TXV2 H06H21.10b Q7YXV5 Transbilayer Amphipath Transporters (subfamily IV P-type ATPase) H06H21.2 Q9TXU8 H06H21.3 Q9TXU7 H06H21.6 Q8WTJ4 H06H21.8a Q9TXV0 H06H21.8b Q7YXH1 H06H21.9 Q9TXV1 H06I04.1a Q9N5N7 H06I04.1b Q8MXV4 H06I04.1c Q8MXV3 H06I04.2 Q9N5N8 The sft-1 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene SURF1, which when mutated leads to Leigh syndrome (OMIM:256000). H06I04.3a Q9N5N9 H06I04.3b Q9N5P0 H06I04.4b Q8MXV5 ubl-1 encodes a protein similar to Drosophila ubiquitin/ ribosomal protein S27a that affects body length, fertility, and larval viability. H06I04.5 Q9N5P3 H06I04.6 Q65XY5 H06I04.7 Q7YZW2 H06O01.1 O17908 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. H06O01.2 O17909 H06O01.3 O17907 H06O01.4 O17906 H08J11.2 Q689A0 H08J19.1 Q9XXK3 H08M01.1 O45610 H08M01.2a Q7JKA6 H08M01.2b O45611 GTPase-activator protein for Rho-like GTPases H09F14.1 O45613 H09G03.1 Q9TZ60 H09G03.2a Q8MXE9 frm-8 encodes a protein containing a WW domain, a PDZ domain, and a FERM domain and has homology to the human predicted protein KIAA0316. H09G03.2b Q8MXF0 FERM domain (protein4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin) family H09G03.2c Q8ITW4 FERM domain (protein4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin) family H09I01.1 Q9N5N6 H10D12.2 O44520 H10D18.1 Q9N5N1 H10D18.2 Q9N5N3 H10D18.3 Q9N5N5 H10D18.4 Q9N5N4 H10D18.5 Q9N5N2 H10D18.6 Q9N5N0 H10E21.1 O76669 H10E21.2 O76667 H10E21.3a O76668 H10E21.3b Q8ITW8 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family H10E21.4 O76670 H10E21.5 O76671 H11E01.1 O61804 H11E01.2 O61803 H11E01.3 O61802 H11L12.1 Q9TYV1 H12C20.2a Q9TVL8 H12C20.2b Q9XXM5 PMS (Post Meiotic Segregation) family H12C20.3 Q9XXM8 H12C20.5 Q9XXM6 H12C20.6 Q95ZS3 nhr-101 encodes a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family. H12D21.1 Q23303 H12D21.10 Q9XTX0 H12D21.11 Q7YSM8 H12D21.2 Q9U3D8 H12D21.3 Q23304 H12D21.4 Q9XTX2 H12D21.5 Q9XTW7 H12D21.6 Q9XTW8 H12D21.7 Q9XTW9 H12D21.8 Q9XTX1 H12D21.9 Q9XTW6 H12I13.1 Q9N5M9 H12I13.2 Q9N5M8 H12I13.3 Q9N5M7 H12I13.4 Q9N5M6 FBF-1 protein physically interacts with the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding (CPEB) protein CPB-1; like CPEB, FBF-1 regulates genes by binding the 3' UTRs of mRNAs. H12I13.5 Q9BLB7 H12I13.6 Q8WTN2 H12I19.1 O45618 H12I19.2 O45615 H12I19.4 O45617 H12I19.5a O45621 H12I19.5b O45620 H12I19.5c O45619 H12I19.8 Q7YWW6 H13N06.2 Q9XTQ9 H13N06.3a Q9XTQ5 H13N06.3b Q95QD8 Gut OBstructed or defective H13N06.4 Q9XTQ8 H13N06.4 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR MGC:12715) (SUOX; OMIM:602216), which when mutated leads to disease. H13N06.5 Q9XTQ7 H13N06.6 Q9XTQ6 tbh-1 is orthologous to the human gene DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE (DOPAMINE BETA-MONOOXYGENASE) (DBH; OMIM:223360), which when mutated leads to disease. H14A12.2a O17214 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. H14A12.2b Q8ITZ0 FUMarase H14A12.3 O17213 H14A12.4 O17212 A loss of mls-1 function leads to transformation of uterine muscle precursors to vulval muscle precursors. H14A12.5 O17215 H14E04.1 Q9TYP1 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. H14E04.2a Q9TYP5 H14E04.2b Q9TYP6 H14E04.2c Q8WTJ3 H14E04.2d Q8ITV4 H14E04.3 Q9TYP4 H14E04.4 Q9TYP3 H14E04.5 Q9TYP2 H14N18.1a O61980 H14N18.1b Q86S24 UNCoordinated H14N18.1c Q5TKA9 UNCoordinated H14N18.2 O61979 H14N18.3 O61977 H14N18.4a O61978 H14N18.4b Q8MXG0 H15N14.1c Q9U3D6 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. H15N14.1d Q86GC3 Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA H15N14.1e Q86GC2 Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA H15N14.1f Q8I8G8 Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA H15N14.1g Q8I8G7 Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA H15N14.2 Q94392 H16D19.1 O02301 H16D19.2 O02302 H16D19.3 Q9U3D5 H16D19.4 Q9XX93 H16O14.1 Q9N5M5 H16O14.2 Q966J2 H17B01.1a O44826 H17B01.1b O44827 sugar transporter H17B01.2 O61209 H17B01.3 O44824 H17B01.4a O44825 H17B01.4b Q86S39 H18N23.1 Q9N5M4 H18N23.2a Q8MXV1 H18N23.2b Q8MXV2 H19J13.1 O45325 H19J13.2 Q7YSV8 H19M22.2a Q9UB29 H19M22.2b Q9UB28 LEThal H19M22.2c Q9BKP3 LEThal H19M22.2d Q86MG9 LEThal H19M22.3a O44836 H19M22.3b Q95X58 H19M22.3c Q95X57 H19N07.1 O45622 H19N07.2a O45623 The H19N07.2 gene encodes a protein with a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain that may be involved in apoptosis. H19N07.2b O45624 ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase H19N07.2c Q7JKC3 H19N07.3 O45625 H19N07.4 O45245 H19N07.4 expression in yeast increased both triacylglycerol content and microsomal oleyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. H20E11.1a Q9TYY9 H20E11.1b Q86MG8 H20E11.2 Q9TYZ0 H20E11.3a Q9TYZ1 H20E11.3b Q7YZG2 H20J04.1 Q9N5L7 H20J04.2 Q9N5L9 H20J04.3 Q9N5M0 H20J04.4 Q9N5M1 H20J04.5 Q9N5M2 H20J04.6 Q9N5M3 H20J04.7 Q9N5L8 H20J04.8 Q9BLB6 H20J18.1a Q9XXK5 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. H20J18.1b Q8MQ12 Suppressor of Constitutive Dauer formation H21P03.1 Q9XTV4 H21P03.2 Q9XTV3 H21P03.3a Q9U3D4 H21P03.3b Q9U3D4 SphingoMyelin Synthase H22D07.1 O44536 H22D14.1 Q9XTB9 H22K11.1 P55956 ASP-3 and ASP-4 share a potential N-glycosylation site that is common in non-lysosomal cathepsin E proteases. H22K11.2 O76632 H22K11.3 O76631 H22K11.4 O76633 H22K11.4 is orthologous to the human gene SARCOGLYCAN, ALPHA (50KD DYSTROPHIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN) (SGCA; OMIM:600119), which when mutated leads to disease. H23L24.1 Q9N5L2 H23L24.2 Q9N5L3 H23L24.3a Q9N5L6 H23L24.3b Q95YA2 H23L24.4 Q9N5L5 H23L24.5 Q9N5L4 pme-4 encodes a poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) that is a member of a conserved family of enzymes that catalyze degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) to ADP-ribose monomers, a process critical for maintenance of chromtin structure, programmed cell death, and DNA replication and repair; as loss of PME-4 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of PME-4 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. H23N18.1 Q9TXZ6 H23N18.2 Q9TXZ5 H23N18.3 Q9TXZ4 H23N18.4 Q9TXZ3 H23N18.5 Q9TXZ7 H24D24.1 Q9XXM4 H24D24.2 Q9XXM3 H24G06.1a Q9UAQ2 H24G06.1b Q8WSM1 H24G06.1c Q8ITV9 H24G06.1d Q5TKA5 H24K24.3a Q17335 H24K24.3b Q17335 H24K24.3c Q86S85 H24K24.4 Q9N5L0 H24K24.5 Q9N5L1 fmo-15 encodes a flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) homologous to various human FMOs mutated in trimethylaminuria (OMIM:602079). H24O09.1 Q9N5K7 H24O09.2 Q9N5K6 H25K10.1 Q9U3D3 H25K10.2 Q9XU19 H25K10.3 Q9XU18 H25K10.4 Q9XU17 H25K10.5 Q9U3D2 H25K10.6 Q9XU16 H25K10.7 Q9U3D1 H25P06.1 Q9XU15 H25P06.2a Q9XTH5 CDK-9 is required for phosphorylation of the Ser-2 residue of the RNA Polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) repeat, but not for most CTD Ser-5 phosphorylation. H25P06.2b Q9TVL3 serine/threonine kinase (CDC2/CDKX subfamily) H25P06.4 Q9XU14 H25P19.1 Q9UB02 H26D21.1 Q9XYP0 H26D21.2 Q9TXR4 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. H27A22.1 O17912 H27C11.1 Q9BJK5 H27D07.2 O61908 H27D07.3 O61909 H27D07.4 O61910 H27D07.5 O61912 H27D07.6 Q9GUB8 H27M09.1 Q9N5K1 H27M09.2 Q9N5K2 H27M09.3 Q9N5K3 H27M09.4 Q9N5K5 H27M09.5 Q9N5K4 H28G03.1a Q8WSM6 H28G03.1b Q8WSM5 H28G03.1c Q8MXF3 H28G03.2a Q9TXP7 H28G03.2b Q8MXF5 H28G03.2c Q8MXF4 H28G03.3 Q9TXP5 H28G03.4 Q9TXP4 H28G03.6 Q9TXP3 H28O16.1a Q9XXK1 H28O16.1b Q7YTU6 H28O16.1c Q7YTU5 H28O16.1d Q7K7K6 H28O16.2 Q9XXK2 H30A04.1a Q9XXU1 In contrast to their Drosophila homolog crumbs, neither eat-20 nor crb-1 are essential for epithelial development in C. elegans. H30A04.1b Q9NL29 EGF-like domain (3 domains) H31B20.1 Q69Z21 H31B20.2 Q69Z20 H31G24.1 Q9BLB3 H31G24.3 Q9BLB4 H31G24.4 Q9BLB5 H32C10.1 Q9TYQ4 H32C10.2 Q9TYQ5 H32C10.3 Q9TYQ6 H32K16.1 O62286 H32K16.2 Q7YWX0 H34C03.1 Q9TYY7 H34C03.2 Q9TYY8 H34I24.1 O76673 H34I24.2 O76672 H34P18.1 O76666 H35B03.1 Q9TYZ4 H35B03.2a Q9TYZ2 H35B03.2b Q9TYZ3 H35N03.1 Q9TZI5 H35N09.1 Q9TZM6 H35N09.2 Q9TZM7 H36L18.1 O17913 H36L18.2 Q9XTV5 H37A05.1 Q9XXT5 H37A05.2 Q9U3D0 H37N21.1 O45668 H38K22.1 Q9XTF6 evl-14 encodes a homolog of the yeast sister cohesion protein Pds5p that functions during both mitosis and meiosis and is implicated in the maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion in late prophase, and affects vulval morphology, meiotic germline development, embryonic and larval viability, fertility, and cell divisions in the germ line as well as in vulval and somatic gonad lineages; some of the defects, such as somatic gonad defects, are due at least partially to cell division defects. H38K22.2a Q9U3C8 H38K22.2b Q9U3C9 Defective in Cullin Neddylation H38K22.3 Q9XXA7 H38K22.4 Q9XXA8 H38K22.5a O61394 H38K22.5b O61394 Glycosyl transferases H38K22.5c O61394 Glycosyl transferases H39E20.1 Q9TZM8 H39E23.1a Q9TW45 H39E23.1b Q17368 abnormal embryonic PARtitioning of cytoplasm H39E23.2 Q7YWY4 H40L08.1 O45628 H40L08.3 O45629 H41C03.1 O76636 H41C03.2 O76635 H41C03.3 O76634 H42K12.1a Q9UA36 In humans, PDK1 activates protein kinase B (PKB) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase by phosphorylation. H42K12.1b Q9Y1J3 PDK-class protein kinase H42K12.2 O17348 H42K12.3 O17347 H43E16.1 Q9N5K0 H43I07.1 Q9UAZ0 H43I07.2 Q9UAY9 H43I07.3 Q8WSL9 JC8.10a Q9XUD3 unc-26 encodes synaptojanin, a polyphosphoinositide phosphatase orthologous to human synaptojanin 1 (OMIM:604297, 309000, which when mutated leads to Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome); UNC-26 is required for normal locomotion, pharyngeal pumping, and defecation, and specifically, appears to function in multiple steps of synaptic vesicle recycling; UNC-26 may also play a role in cytoskeletal organization. JC8.10b Q9GT42 UNCoordinated JC8.11 O62296 JC8.12 Q9U3C7 JC8.13 Q8WQE7 JC8.2 Q9NAQ2 JC8.3a P61866 rpl-12 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L12 protein required in mass RNAi assays for embryonic viability, fertility, normally rapid growth, and general health; the rpl-12 transcription unit has a nonsense transcript that is up-regulated in vivo by smg[-] mutations, indicating that rpl-12 is a natural substrate for SMG-mediated nonsense suppresssion; several other natural mRNA substrates of SMG suppression (e.g., rpl-3, rpl-7, rpl-10) have protein products that are involved in translation. JC8.4 Q95QD6 JC8.5 Q95QD5 JC8.6a Q95QD7 JC8.6b O62295 JC8.7 O62291 JC8.8 O62289 K01A11.1 Q21068 K01A11.2 Q21069 K01A11.3 Q18422 K01A11.4 Q21070 K01A11.5 Q6A4R1 K01A12.2 Q10041 K01A12.3 Q10042 K01A2.1 Q9TZ49 K01A2.1 is orthologous to the human gene SARCOGLYCAN, BETA (43KD DYSTROPHIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN) (SGCB; OMIM:600900), which when mutated leads to disease. K01A2.10 Q9TZ50 K01A2.11a Q9TZ48 K01A2.11b Q9TZ47 Calcium BiNding protein homolog K01A2.11c Q86S18 Calcium BiNding protein homolog K01A2.2a Q9TZ51 K01A2.2b Q86S19 Fatty Acid/Retinol binding protein K01A2.3 Q7KNR0 K01A2.4 Q7KNR1 K01A2.5 Q9TZ58 K01A2.6 Q9TZ59 K01A2.7 Q9TZ57 K01A2.8a Q9TZ55 K01A2.8b Q9TZ54 K01A2.8c Q86S20 K01A2.9 Q9TZ52 K01A6.2 Q21074 K01A6.3 Q21076 K01A6.4 Q21073 K01A6.5 Q21078 K01A6.6 Q21077 K01B6.1 P34489 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. K01B6.2 P34490 K01B6.3 P34491 K01B6.4 Q7YWX6 K01C8.1 Q21080 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K01C8.10 P47208 cct-4 encodes a putative T complex chaperonin that affects fertility and body morphology and intergrity; expressed in touch receptor neurons. K01C8.2 Q21081 K01C8.3a Q21087 K01C8.3b Q95ZS2 aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase K01C8.5 Q21088 gei-14 encodes a novel protein that interacts with GEX-3 in yeast two-hybrid assays. K01C8.6 Q21083 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K01C8.7 Q21084 K01C8.8 Q21085 K01C8.9 Q21086 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. K01D12.1 Q21090 K01D12.10 Q21092 K01D12.11 Q21099 K01D12.12 Q18830 K01D12.13 Q21097 K01D12.14 Q21098 K01D12.15 Q27223 K01D12.2 Q21093 K01D12.3 Q21100 K01D12.4 Q21094 K01D12.5 Q21095 K01D12.6 Q21096 K01D12.7 Q95QD3 K01D12.8 Q21091 K01D12.9 Q21089 K01F9.2 Q7YTL1 K01G12.3 O45633 K01G5.1 O17917 K01G5.10 Q9BI82 K01G5.2a O17916 Since the multivulva phenotypes enhanced by hlp-2(RNAi) are suppressed by let-23(sy1), HLP-2 appears (like SynMuv A and B proteins) to negatively regulate the RAS signalling pathway. K01G5.2b O17918 'chromo' (CHRromatin Organization MOdifier) domain K01G5.2c Q9U3C6 'chromo' (CHRromatin Organization MOdifier) domain K01G5.3 O17914 K01G5.4 O17915 K01G5.5 O17919 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K01G5.6 O01705 The Drosophila ortholog of rib-2 (brother of tout-velou) is also an ortholog of EXT2, so it is possible that the EXT1/EXT2 paralogy antedates the divergence of metazoa; the requirement of EXT1-EXT2 heterodimers for heparan sulfate synthesis would be consistent with this. K01G5.7 O17921 This gene encodes a homolog of mammalian beta-tubulin (TUBB) that is expressed at high levels in the germline; TBB-1 is redundant for embryonic viability, due to its paralog TBB-2. K01G5.8a O17922 K01G5.8b O45634 K01G5.9 Q9XTB8 K01H12.1 Q21102 In yeast, mutation of KTI11 enhances the phenotype of a mutation in a subunit of Elongator HAT, and mutations of six subunits of RNAPII Elongator have a zymocin-resistant phenotype; these data are consistent with the hypothesis that Kti11p is a small subunit or ancillary protein of RNAPII Elongator. K01H12.2 Q21103 K01H12.3 Q21104 K01H12.4 Q21105 K02A11.1a P90902 K02A11.1b Q95ZS1 GEI-4(Four) Interacting protein K02A11.2 Q21108 K02A11.3 Q21109 K02A2.1 Q09571 K02A2.2 Q09572 K02A2.3 Q09573 K02A2.5 Q09401 K02A2.6 Q09575 K02A4.1 P54688 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. K02A4.2 P54406 gpc-1 mutants are defective in adaptation to sodium acetate, sodium chloride and ammonium chloride, but not to volatile odorants. K02A6.1 Q21110 K02A6.2 Q21111 K02A6.3a Q21112 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K02A6.3b Q7YZW3 K02B12.1 P20268 Other ceh-6 homologs include vertebrate Brn1, Brn2, SCIP/Oct6 and Brn4, and Drosophila Cf1a/drifter/ventral veinless. K02B12.2 Q21114 K02B12.3 Q21115 K02B12.4 Q21116 K02B12.5 Q21117 K02B12.6 Q21113 K02B12.7 P90904 K02B12.8 P90905 K02B2.1 Q21122 K02B2.3 Q21121 K02B2.4 Q21123 K02B2.5 P52821 rps-25 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S25 protein. K02B2.6 Q21124 K02B7.1 O45635 K02B7.2 O45636 K02B7.3 O45637 K02B9.1 Q21126 K02B9.2 Q21127 K02B9.3 Q21125 K02B9.4 Q21128 ELT-3 is suspected to act redundantly, and downstream of ELT-1, in hypodermal cell differentiation. K02C4.2 Q09403 K02C4.3 Q09931 K02C4.4 Q09577 ltd-1 encodes a protein with LIM and transglutaminase domains; LTD-1 is homologous to the mouse KY protein (MGI:96709, mutated in kyphoscoliosis), and to the HILLARIN protein of Hirudo medicinalis, found at axon hillocks; ltd-1 is expressed in hypodermal cells from the twofold stage embryo to adulthood, but has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. K02C4.5 Q8I4H7 K02D10.1a P34492 K02D10.1b P34492 K02D10.2 P34493 K02D10.3 P34494 K02D10.4 P34495 K02D10.5 P83351 K02D3.1 Q21131 K02D3.2 Q21130 K02D7.1 O61217 K02D7.1 is orthologous to the human gene PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE (NP; OMIM:164050), which when mutated leads to disease. K02D7.2 O45103 K02D7.3 O45105 K02D7.4 O45104 Uncloned locus that affects the length of the defecation cycle and genetically interacts with clk-1 with respect to defecation cycle length, and also with respect to the clk-1- dependent adjustment of defecation cycle length to temperature. K02D7.5 O45102 K02D7.6 Q95X43 K02E10.1 Q21137 K02E10.2a Q21136 K02E10.2b Q7Z135 High temperature-Induced Dauer formation K02E10.4a Q21134 K02E10.4b Q65ZJ0 K02E10.5 Q21132 K02E10.6 Q21133 K02E10.7 Q21138 K02E10.8 Q21139 K02E11.1 Q21145 K02E11.2 Q21142 K02E11.3 Q21141 K02E11.4 Q21140 K02E11.5 Q21144 K02E11.6 Q21143 K02E11.7 O62297 K02E11.8 Q7YWZ0 K02E11.9 Q7YWY9 K02E2.1 Q9XUV4 K02E2.2 Q9XUV2 K02E2.3 Q9U3C5 K02E2.4 Q9XUV3 ins-35 encodes one of several insulin-related peptides. K02E2.6 Q9U3C4 K02E2.7 Q9XUV5 K02E2.8 Q9NAQ1 K02E7.1 O17260 K02E7.10 O17255 K02E7.11 O17257 K02E7.12 Q86LS3 K02E7.2 O17259 K02E7.3 O17258 K02E7.4 O17256 K02E7.5 O17254 K02E7.6 O17252 K02E7.7 O17251 K02E7.9 O17253 K02F2.1a O44987 K02F2.1b Q965K3 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Four (IV) family K02F2.2 P27604 K02F2.3 O44985 K02F2.4 O44984 K02F2.5 O44983 K02F2.6 O44986 ser-3 encodes a predicted G protein-coupled receptor that is a candidate metabotropic serotonin receptor; SER-3 activity is required for fertility and for embryonic development; to date, SER-3 expression has been detected in the pharynx. K02F3.11 Q21155 rnp-5 encodes a putative member of the exon-exon junction complex, orthologous to human RNPS1 (OMIM:606447); RNP-5 is dispensable for embryonic viability. K02F3.3 Q21152 K02F6.1 O16635 K02F6.2 O16634 K02F6.3 O16633 K02F6.4 O16632 K02F6.5 O16631 K02F6.6 O16629 K02F6.7 O16628 K02F6.8 O16630 K02F6.9 O16636 K02F6.9 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; K02F6.9 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. K02G10.1 Q21161 K02G10.3 Q95QD1 K02G10.4a Q21156 K02G10.4b O61467 FMRF-Like Peptide K02G10.4c Q7Z140 FMRF-Like Peptide K02G10.5 Q21157 K02G10.6a Q21158 hyl-2 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein that is related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae LAG1 (longevity assurance gene), a protein preferentially expressed in young yeasts; by homology, HYL-2 is predicted to have several possible functions, including regulation of lipid, particularly ceramide, biosynthesis, regulation of lipid transport, and regulation of protein translocation in the endoplasmic reticulum ; however, as loss of hyl-2 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of hyl-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. K02G10.6b Q7Z139 Homolog of Yeast Longevity gene K02G10.7a Q7Z138 K02G10.7b Q7Z137 AQuaPorin or aquaglyceroporin related K02G10.8 Q21162 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. K02H11.2 O61981 K02H11.3 O61983 K02H11.4 O61984 K02H11.6 O61985 K02H11.7 O61982 K02H11.9 Q8T7Y5 K02H8.1 Q94250 K03A1.2 Q21164 K03A1.4 Q21165 K03A1.5 Q21166 K03A1.6 P62784 his-38 encodes an H4 histone; by homology, HIS-38 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-38 is a replication-dependent histone locus that does not reside in a cluster, but exists as a single histone locus on the X chromosome. K03A11.1 Q27502 K03A11.2 Q21168 K03A11.3 Q21169 A homeobox protein of the NK-2 family; it is expressed in a single pharyngeal neuron, M4. K03A11.4 Q21167 K03A11.5 Q9XVU7 K03B4.1 Q21174 K03B4.2 Q21173 K03B4.3a Q21172 K03B4.3b Q95ZS0 TAF (TBP-associated transcription factor) family K03B4.4 Q21171 K03B4.5 Q21170 K03B4.6 Q27503 K03B4.7a Q21175 K03B4.7b Q86NG7 K03B8.1 Q21180 K03B8.11 Q7YWZ1 K03B8.2 Q21178 K03B8.3 Q21179 K03B8.4 Q21177 K03B8.5 Q21181 K03B8.6 Q21182 K03B8.7 Q21183 K03B8.8 Q21176 K03B8.9 P54244 deg-3 encodes an alpha subunit of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR); originally defined by a gain-of-function mutation that results in neuronal degeneration and uncoordinated movement, DEG-3 can form heteromeric channels with a second alpha subunit, DES-2, and in vivo these channels appear to be required for chemosensation of choline; deg-3 and des-2 reside in an operon, and consistent with their role in metabolite chemosensation, are expressed in nonsynaptic regions such as the sensory endings of the IL2 chemosensory neurons; DEG-3 and DES-2 are also detected in the touch cell neurons, M1 head muscles, FLP and PVD sensory neurons, and the PVC interneuron; in subsets of these neurons, DEG-3 expression is not detectable in mec-3 or unc-86 mutant backgrounds. K03C7.1 Q21186 K03C7.2a Q21187 fkh-9 encodes a member of the forkhead domain transcription factor family. K03C7.2b Q7Z136 ForKHead transcription factor family K03C7.3 Q21188 K03D10.1 O62299 kal-1 males show various tale abnormalities, the most common defect being reduction of sensory rays. K03D10.3 Q9U3C3 The components of the compensasome are generally conserved in metazoa: they thus are likely to act as a functional unit in C. elegans and other metazoa, and not merely in Drosophila alone. K03D3.1 O45639 K03D3.10a Q94124 K03D3.10b Q94124 Ras family (contains ATP/GTP binding P-loop) K03D3.10c O45645 RAS-RELATED PROTEIN RAC2 K03D3.10d O45647 RAC related K03D3.11 Q5WRL6 K03D3.2 O45640 K03D3.4 O45642 K03D3.5 O45643 K03D3.6 O45644 K03D3.8 O45646 K03D7.11 Q9XUV1 K03D7.2 O62300 K03D7.4 O45650 K03D7.6 O45651 K03D7.7 O45652 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K03D7.8 O45653 K03D7.9 O45654 K03E5.1 O61849 K03E5.2a O61848 K03E5.2b Q5ZR43 K03E5.3a O61847 K03E5.3b Q8IA59 K03E6.1 Q21192 K03E6.3 Q95ZR9 The functional dispensability of NCS-3 may arise from its similarity to NCS-1 and NCS-2, which may in turn lead to functional redundancy. K03E6.4 Q21191 K03E6.5 Q21190 unc-1 encodes a homolog of human stomatin (OMIM:133090; deficient in stomatocytosis); UNC-1 protein is found in major nerve tracts, particularly in the nerve ring; unc-1 is required for anesthetic sensitivity; unc-24, which also encodes a stomatin homolog, is epistatic to unc-1 and is required for UNC-1 localization to the nerve ring. K03E6.6 Q21193 K03E6.7 Q21194 K03F8.1 Q21195 K03F8.2 P54246 acr-5 encodes a predicted member of the alpha subunit family of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that is expressed in the nervous system. K03H1.1 P34497 K03H1.10 Q20218 K03H1.11 Q21199 K03H1.12 Q9XVX7 K03H1.2 P34498 The components of the compensasome are generally conserved in metazoa: they thus are likely to act as a functional unit in C. elegans and other metazoa, and not merely in Drosophila alone. K03H1.3 P34499 K03H1.4 P34500 K03H1.5 P34501 K03H1.6 P34502 K03H1.7 Q21196 K03H1.8 Q21197 K03H1.9 Q9U3C2 K03H4.1 Q9XVL6 K03H4.2 Q9XVL5 K03H6.1 O45173 K03H6.2 O61218 K03H6.4 O45172 K03H6.5 O45174 K03H9.1 Q09404 K03H9.2 Q09578 K03H9.3 Q09579 K04A8.1 Q94259 K04A8.10 Q94260 K04A8.2 Q94258 K04A8.3 Q94257 K04A8.4 Q94253 K04A8.5 Q94252 K04A8.6 Q94251 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K04A8.7 Q94254 K04A8.8 Q94255 K04A8.9 Q94256 K04B12.1 O45657 K04B12.2a O45656 K04B12.2b Q7JKG4 K04B12.3 O62301 K04C1.1 Q21203 K04C1.2a Q21205 K04C1.2b Q9XVV7 K04C1.3 Q21202 K04C1.4 Q21201 K04C1.5 Q21204 K04C1.6 Q9XTH3 K04C2.2 Q21210 K04C2.3a Q21208 K04C2.3b Q8IG09 K04C2.4 Q21209 K04C2.5 Q21211 K04C2.6 Q9GSP2 The med-2 gene encodes a GATA-type transcription factor that is an immediate target of maternal SKN-1, and that participates in specifying the mesendoderm. K04D7.1 Q21215 K04D7.2a P54815 K04D7.2b P54815 K04D7.3 Q21217 The gta-1 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene GABAT, which when mutated leads to GABA-transaminase deficiency (OMIM:137150). K04D7.4 P28192 K04D7.5 Q21216 gon-4 phenotypically resembles gon-2; hnd-1 does not affect the onset or timing of gonadal divisions and acts independently of gon-2 and gon-4. K04D7.6 Q7YWX4 K04E7.1 Q21220 K04E7.2 Q21219 K04E7.3 P55114 K04F1.1 Q9TXL6 K04F1.10 Q9TXL4 K04F1.11 Q9TXL5 K04F1.12 Q9TXL7 K04F1.13 Q9TXL8 K04F1.14a Q9TXL9 K04F1.14b Q7KNM9 K04F1.15 Q9TXM0 K04F1.16 Q9TXK5 K04F1.2 Q9TXK9 K04F1.3 Q9TXK8 K04F1.4 Q9TXK7 K04F1.5 Q9TXK6 K04F1.6 Q9TXL0 K04F1.7 Q9TXL1 K04F1.8 Q9TXL2 K04F1.9 Q9TXL3 K04F10.1 O44771 The K04F10.1 gene encodes a homolog of SCA1, which when mutated leads to spinocerebellar ataxia 1 (OMIM:164400). K04F10.2 O44770 K04F10.3 O44769 K04F10.4a P51559 Adult worms induced to express a larval-stage cuticle (through heterochronic mutations) fail to manifest the blistering phenotype of bli-4(e937); however, late larval worms heterochronically expressing adult cuticle also lack blisters, indicating the wild-type function impaired by bli-4(e937) is specifically required for adult cuticle ensheathing an adult body; either larval cuticle or larval tissues underneath the cuticle seem to not need BLI-4a function. K04F10.4b P51559 endoprotease K04F10.4e P51559 endoprotease K04F10.4f Q8IA67 BLIstered cuticle K04F10.5 O44767 K04F10.6a O44768 K04F10.6b Q8IA66 K04F10.7 O44772 K04G11.1 Q93848 K04G11.2 Q93846 sel-7 encodes a novel protein with two predicted PEST sequences that is conserved in the related nematode C. briggsae and several parasitic nematodes, but has no known homologs in other organisms; sel-7 was identified in screens for suppressors of dominant lin-12 mutations that result in vulvaless and egg-laying defective animals; although loss of SEL-7 function via mutation or RNAi results in no obvious defects in a wild-type background, genetic studies suggests that SEL-7 acts downstream of LIN-12/Notch to positively regulate LIN-12 signaling, perhaps by regulating the activity or formation of the LAG-1, LIN-12(intra), SEL-8 nuclear complex; in vitro, SEL-7 self-associates and also interacts with TIR-1 (F13B10.1B), a protein that contains sterile alpha and Toll interleukin receptor motifs, and MDT-29 (K08E3.8), a glutamine-rich protein similar to mediator complex subunits, however the functional significance of these interactions is not yet known; a SEL-7::GFP translational fusion reveals expression in the nuclei of several cell types, including vulval precursor cells and those of the developing gonad. K04G11.3 Q93845 K04G11.4 Q93847 K04G11.5 Q93849 K04G2.1 Q21230 K04G2.10 Q21229 K04G2.11 Q95ZR7 K04G2.2 Q21221 K04G2.3 Q21222 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K04G2.4 Q21223 K04G2.5 Q21224 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K04G2.6 Q21225 K04G2.7 Q21226 K04G2.8a Q21227 The protein product of this gene is predicted to contain a glutamine/asparagine (Q/N)-rich ('prion') domain, by the algorithm of Michelitsch and Weissman (as of the WS77 release of WormBase, i.e., in wormpep77). K04G2.8b O62302 APC Related K04G2.9 Q21228 K04G7.1 Q21234 K04G7.10 Q09584 K04G7.11 Q09385 K04G7.3 O18158 Cytoplasmic UDP-GlcNAc used by OGT is synthesized through the hexosamine pathway; in hyperglycemia, abnormally high glucose flux through this pathway promotes insulin resistance, and hexosamine biosynthesis may therefore be a glucose sensor; O-GlcNAc modification of an Sp1 activation domain inhibits its transcriptional activity, and the glycosylation state of Sp1 is correlated with its ability to activate genes involved in diabetes. K04G7.4a Q21233 K04G7.4b Q8MQ11 NADH dehydrogenase K04H4.1a P17139 Most evidence indicates that most X and Y positions are not highly critical. K04H4.1b P17139 collagen K04H4.2a P34504 K04H4.2b P34504 K04H4.2c P34504 K04H4.5 P34507 K04H4.6a P34508 K04H4.6b P34508 Cell-death-Related Nuclease K04H4.7 Q6LAC9 K04H8.1 O01336 K04H8.2 O01337 K04H8.3 O01338 K05B2.2 Q9GYN5 K05B2.4 Q9GYN3 K05B2.5 Q9GYN2 pes-22 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein that is a member of the monocarboxylate porter subfamily of the major facilitator superfamily of transmembrane transporters; pes-22 was identified in promoter-trapping screens and by homology, is predicted to function in the transport of lactate and pyruvate across cell membranes, possibly as part of a metabolic pathway that allows these metabolites to be converted back to glucose when the organism is under high energy demand; however, as loss of pes-22 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of PES-22 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; a pes-22 reporter is expressed in the excretory gland cells and the ventral nerve cord from late embryogenesis through adulthood, and also in the intestine in late embryos and early larvae. K05C4.1 Q9XUV0 K05C4.10 Q9XUU7 K05C4.11 Q9XUU2 K05C4.2 Q9XUU9 K05C4.3 Q9XUU1 K05C4.4 Q9XUU4 K05C4.5 Q9XUU8 K05C4.6 O44326 hmp-2 is orthologous to the human gene BETA-CATENIN (CTNNB1; OMIM:116806), which when mutated leads to disease. K05C4.7 Q9XUU5 K05C4.8 Q9XUU6 K05C4.9 Q9XUU3 K05D4.2 O17925 K05D4.3 O17926 K05D4.4 O45659 K05D4.6 O45660 K05D4.8 Q86D22 K05D4.9 Q7JKC7 K05F1.1 Q21247 K05F1.10 Q21248 K05F1.2 P53017 K05F1.3 Q21243 K05F1.5 Q21241 K05F1.6b Q21240 K05F1.7 Q21244 K05F1.8 Q21245 K05F1.9 Q21246 K05F6.1 O44868 K05F6.10 O44870 K05F6.2 O44866 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K05F6.3 O44864 K05F6.4 O44862 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K05F6.5 O44861 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K05F6.6 O44863 K05F6.7 O44865 K05F6.8 O44867 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K05F6.9 O44869 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K05G3.1 Q21251 K05G3.2 Q21249 K05G3.3 Q27504 carbonic anhydrase 2. K06A1.1 Q09585 K06A1.2 Q09405 K06A1.3 Q09586 K06A1.4 Q09587 K06A1.5 Q09406 K06A1.6 Q10024 K06A4.1 Q21252 K06A4.2 Q21256 K06A4.3 Q21253 K06A4.4 Q21254 K06A4.5 Q19341 K06A4.6 Q21255 K06A4.7 Q8MQ10 K06A5.1 O44553 K06A5.2 O44551 K06A5.3 O44550 K06A5.4 O44548 K06A5.6 O44549 K06A5.7 O44552 The cdc-25.1(RNAi) phenotypes resemble those seen in Drosophila twine or mouse mos mutants. K06A5.8a Q95X65 K06A5.8b Q95X66 K06A5.8c Q8MXI2 K06A5.8d Q8IA70 K06A9.1a P91365 The K06A9.1 gene encodes an homolog of human TCOF1, which when mutated leads to Treacher-Collins syndrome (OMIM:154500). K06A9.1b Q8IFX6 K06A9.1c Q7YZW4 K06A9.2 P91364 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K06A9.3 P91363 K06B4.1 O17927 K06B4.10 O17934 K06B4.11 O17933 K06B4.12 O17935 K06B4.2 O17928 K06B4.3 O17929 K06B4.4 O45663 K06B4.5 O17932 K06B4.6 O17930 K06B4.7 O17931 K06B4.8 O45664 K06B4.9 O45662 K06B9.1 Q21262 K06B9.2 Q21261 K06B9.3 Q21259 K06B9.4 Q21260 K06B9.5 Q21263 K06C4.1 Q9GYH4 K06C4.10 P62784 his-18 encodes an H4 histone; by homology, HIS-18 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-18 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in the HIS4 cluster on chromosome V. K06C4.11 P09588 his-19 encodes an H2A histone; his-19 is contained within the histone gene cluster HIS4. K06C4.12 Q27894 his-22 encodes an H2B histone. K06C4.13 P08898 his-27 encodes an H3 histone; by homology, HIS-27 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-27 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in the HIS4 cluster on chromosome V. K06C4.14 Q9GYH5 K06C4.15 Q9GYH6 K06C4.17 Q95Q47 K06C4.2 P62784 his-28 encodes an H4 histone. K06C4.3 P09588 his-21 encodes an H2A histone. K06C4.4 Q27894 his-20 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in the HIS4 cluster on chromosome V. K06C4.5 P08898 his-17 encodes an H3 histone; his-17 is contained within the histone gene cluster HIS4. K06C4.6a Q9GQ00 K06C4.6b Q8MPU3 Modulation Of locomotion Defective K06C4.7 Q9GYH0 K06C4.8 Q9GYH2 K06C4.9 Q9GYH3 K06G5.1a Q9XUT9 K06G5.1b Q5WRM0 K06G5.2 Q9XUT8 K06G5.3 Q9XUU0 K06H6.1 O17109 K06H6.2 O17108 K06H6.3 O17106 K06H6.4 O17105 K06H6.5 O17104 K06H6.6 O17107 K06H7.1 P34509 K06H7.2 P34510 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K06H7.3 P34511 K06H7.4 P34512 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K06H7.6 P34514 K06H7.7 P34515 K06H7.8 P34516 K06H7.9 Q9BI81 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. K07A1.1 P90908 K07A1.10 P90915 K07A1.11 P90917 K07A1.13 Q9XVL4 K07A1.14 Q7YWY6 K07A1.15 Q7YWY5 K07A1.16 Q7JL16 K07A1.2 O01934 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K07A1.3 P90910 K07A1.4 O01339 K07A1.5 O01340 K07A1.6 P90911 K07A1.7 P90912 K07A1.8 P90913 ile-1 is orthologous to the human gene human ERGIC-53, which when mutated leads to deficiency of coagulation factors V/VIII (OMIM:227300). K07A1.9a P90914 K07A1.9b Q8I4H6 arginyl-tRNA protein transferase like K07A1.9c Q8I4H5 arginyl-tRNA protein transferase like (truncated) K07A12.1 P90919 K07A12.2 P90920 K07A12.3 P90921 asg-1 encodes a homolog of the proton-translocating F0 ATP synthase complex subunit g; by homology, ASG-1 is predicted to function in ATP synthesis, although its precise role in ATP anabolism is not yet known; in C. elegans, asg-1 activity is required for transposon silencing in the germline, suggesting that healthy energy metabolism is necessary for this process; in addition, large-scale RNAi screens indicate that asg-1 activity is required for embryonic and germline development, normal post-embryonic growth rates, and normal body morphology. K07A12.4 P90922 K07A12.5 P90870 K07A12.6 O17937 hot-5 encodes a predicted membrane-associated protein that is a member of the Ly-6 superfamily of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked signaling proteins and is homologous to ODR-2, a neuronally expressed protein required for olfaction; as loss of hot-5 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of HOT-5 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. K07A12.7 Q9NAP9 K07A3.1 Q9N2M2 fbp-1 encodes fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, a gluconeogenic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate in a reaction that reverses the third enzymatic step of glycolysis; in C. elegans, loss of fbp-1 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities; FBP-1 is orthologous to human FBP1 (OMIM:229700, mutated in FBP deficiency). K07A3.2a Q9N5J9 K07A3.2b Q689A1 PaTched Related family K07A3.3a Q9N5J8 K07A3.3b Q65XY4 K07A9.2 Q9TXJ0 An ortholgue of mammalian CaM-KI that is involved in calcium dependent signal transduction; it is expressed in some sensory neurons in the head and tail. K07A9.3 Q9TXI9 K07A9.4 Q8MXE8 K07B1.1 O01887 K07B1.2 O01884 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. K07B1.3 O01883 K07B1.4a O01881 K07B1.4b Q86FS9 K07B1.5a O01882 K07B1.5b Q95R03 ACyLtransferase-like K07B1.6a O01885 K07B1.6b Q95R01 K07B1.7a O01886 K07B1.7b Q95R00 K07B1.8 Q95R02 K07C10.1 Q09934 ptr-13 encodes a member of the Patched superfamily. K07C11.1 Q21272 K07C11.10 Q21273 K07C11.2 Q21271 air-1 mutants are also uncoordinated and defective in vulval development. K07C11.3 Q21267 K07C11.4 Q21266 K07C11.5 Q21265 K07C11.5 is orthologous to the human gene SIMILAR TO TISSUE INHIBITOR OF METALLOPROTEINASE 3 (SORSBY FUNDUS DYSTROPHY, PSEUDOINFLAMMATORY) (TIMP3; OMIM:188826), which when mutated leads to disease. K07C11.7a Q21268 K07C11.7b Q86NG5 K07C11.8 Q21269 K07C11.9 Q21270 K07C5.1 P53489 K07C5.2 Q21274 K07C5.3 Q21275 K07C5.4 Q21276 K07C5.5 Q21277 K07C5.6 Q21278 K07C5.7 Q21279 K07C5.8 Q17406 K07C5.9 Q8MQ09 K07C6.10 O44641 K07C6.11 O44639 K07C6.13 O44644 K07C6.15 O44648 K07C6.2 O44652 K07C6.3 O44651 K07C6.4 O44650 K07C6.5 O44649 K07C6.6 O44647 K07C6.7 O44646 K07C6.8 O44643 K07C6.9 O44642 K07D4.2 O76578 K07D4.3 O76577 rpn-11 encodes a predicted non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory complex of the proteasome that affects adult viability, osmoregulation, embryonic viability, and movement; interacts with itself, RPN-9, and F55A11.3, based on yeast two-hybrid assays. K07D4.4 O76575 K07D4.5 O76574 K07D4.6 O76573 K07D4.7a Q965J0 K07D4.7b O76572 Temporarily Assigned Gene name K07D4.8 O76576 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. K07D4.9 Q8ITW9 K07D8.1 Q21281 MUP-4 colocalizes with epithelial hemidesmosomes overlying body wall muscles, beginning at the time of embryonic cuticle maturation, as well as with other sites of mechanical coupling. K07E1.1 Q09407 K07E12.1a Q09165 K07E12.1b Q8MQ08 K07E12.2 Q21283 K07E3.1 Q21288 K07E3.2 Q21287 K07E3.3 Q21285 dao-3 encodes a protein containing a tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, NAD(P)-binding domain; expression is regulated by DAF-2. K07E3.4a Q21284 K07E3.4b Q21284 K07E3.7a Q21286 K07E3.7b Q21286 K07E3.8a Q9TY05 K07E3.8b Q7YZW5 VEMA (mammalian ventral midline antigen) related K07E8.1 O16692 K07E8.10 O16691 K07E8.11 O16693 K07E8.3 O16689 K07E8.5 O16687 An extract from flesh fly (Neobellieria bullata) central nervous systems was used to screen cells expressing Drosophila FR; this identified two endogenous peptides, APPQPSDNFIRFamide (Neb-FIRFamide) and pQPSQDFMRFamide (Neb-FMRFamide) as being CG2114 ligands; the Drosophila equivalents of these FMRFamides (DPKQDFMRFamide, TPAEDFMRFamide, SDNFMRFamide, SPKQDFMRFamide, and PDNFMRFamide) activated CG2114. K07E8.6 O16685 K07E8.7 O16686 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K07E8.9 O16690 K07F5.1 P53017 msp-81 encodes a member of the major sperm protein family. K07F5.11 Q21294 K07F5.12 Q9U3C0 K07F5.13a Q21295 K07F5.13b Q9U3C1 Nuclear Pore complex Protein K07F5.13c Q9U3B9 Nuclear Pore complex Protein K07F5.14 Q21298 K07F5.15 Q8WQE6 The K07F5.15 gene encodes a small protein that is of ancient origin, and thus is presumably important to eukaryotic life; it is homologous to YNL024C-A (also known as NNL005C) in S. cerevisiae, and has homologs in Drosophila, mammals, and Neurospora, most of which are also small (<100-residue) proteins. K07F5.16 Q7YWX3 K07F5.2 P05634 K07F5.3 P05634 K07F5.4 Q21292 K07F5.5 Q21293 K07F5.6 Q21291 K07F5.7 Q21290 K07F5.8 Q21297 K07F5.9 Q21289 K07G5.1 Q21301 K07G5.2 Q21302 xpa-1 encodes an ortholog of human XPA, the xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A protein (OMIM:278700, mutations are associated with sensitivity to ultraviolet light and carcinomata at an early age); by homology, XPA-1 is predicted to function as a DNA-binding protein that is required for nucleotide excision repair of damaged DNA; in C. elegans, loss of xpa-1 activity via mutation or RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) results in increased sensitivity to UV irradiation at all stages of development; xpa-1 mRNA is detected in eggs and mixed stage populations. K07G5.3 Q21303 K07G5.4 Q21300 K07G5.5 Q21304 K07G5.6 Q9BHB8 K07G6.1 Q9TYQ3 K07H8.1 Q20068 K07H8.10 O45181 K07H8.2a O45182 K07H8.2b Q965K0 K07H8.2c Q5W612 K07H8.3 O61219 K07H8.5 O45178 K07H8.6a P18948 K07H8.6b Q7YXH2 VITellogenin structural genes (yolk protein genes) K07H8.6c Q7KPP7 VITellogenin structural genes (yolk protein genes) K07H8.7 O45175 K07H8.8 O45177 K07H8.9 O45180 K08A2.1 Q9N5J2 K08A2.2 Q9N5J3 K08A2.4 Q9N5J4 K08A2.5a Q9N5J5 K08A2.5b Q86S84 transposase K08A2.5c Q7KX66 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family K08A8.1a Q21307 MKK7, the closest mammalian homolog of MEK-1, is stimulated by cellular stresses and by tumor necrosis factor alpha; it specifically activates the mitogen-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase JNK/SAPK, which acts in the response to various stresses in cultured mammalian cells. K08A8.1b Q7Z1P1 MAP kinase kinase or Erk Kinase K08A8.2a Q21305 The sox-2 gene encodes a homolog of human SRY, which when mutated leads to gonadal dysgenesis (OMIM:306100). K08A8.2b Q8IG08 SOX (mammalian SRY box) family K08A8.3 Q21306 K08B12.1 O01584 K08B12.2a O01582 K08B12.2b Q8MPU2 K08B12.3 O01581 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K08B12.5 O01583 tag-59/K08B12.5 encodes a serine/threonine-protein kinase that is homologous to human DMK (OMIM:160900l; mutated in dystrophia myotonica I). K08B4.1a Q9TYY1 Immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-containing transcription factors such as OLF-1 or SU(H) are known to act as transcription factors in vertebrate apoptosis. K08B4.1b Q8MXE7 Lin-12 And Glp-1 phenotype K08B4.2 Q9TYY6 K08B4.3 Q9TYY5 K08B4.4 Q9TYY4 K08B4.5 Q9TYY3 K08B4.6 Q9TYY2 cli-2 encodes a homolog of cysteine protease inhibitors (cystatins); cli-2 is at least superficially dispensable for viability and gross morphology. K08B4.7 Q688A2 K08B5.1 Q21309 K08B5.2 Q21308 K08C7.1 Q21312 K08C7.2 Q21311 The fmo-11 gene encodes a flavin-containing monoxygenase; fmo-11 is homologous to the human genes FMO1, FMO2, and FMO3, which when mutated lead to trimethylaminuria (OMIM:602079). K08C7.3a P91904 epi-1 encodes a laminin alpha chain that affects oogenesis due to its affect on gonad development, and also affects cell migrations, axon extension and GABAergic defasciculation, morphology of the VD and DD motor neurons, body morphology, locomotion, gonad sheath epithelialization, body muscle structure, and germ cell proliferation. K08C7.3b Q21313 laminin K08C7.4 Q21314 K08C7.5 Q21310 K08C7.6 Q21315 K08C7.7 Q9XVV6 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K08C9.1 Q9XUT5 K08C9.2 Q9XUT6 K08C9.4 Q9XUT4 K08C9.5 Q9XUT7 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K08C9.6 Q9XUT2 K08C9.7 Q9XUT3 K08D10.1 P83384 K08D10.10 Q21316 K08D10.11 Q21326 K08D10.12 Q8MQ07 K08D10.2 Q21324 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. K08D10.3 Q21323 K08D10.4 Q21322 K08D10.5 Q21321 K08D10.7 Q21319 K08D10.7 encodes a homolog of human scramblase (PLSCR1; OMIM:604170), which is activated by a rise of intracellular calcium, and which promotes the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of cells undergoing activation, injury, or apoptosis; a close paralog of K08D10.7 is K08D10.8, and other paralogs include F46A8.9, F46A8.10, and Y50E8A.9> Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells occurs because of a phospholipid scramblase and inactivation of an aminophospolipid translocase that would normally keep the PS on the interior of the cell; by virtue of its similarity to mammalian scramblase, K08D10.7 may promote clearage of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis. K08D10.8 Q21318 K08D10.7 encodes a homolog of human scramblase (PLSCR1; OMIM:604170), which is activated by a rise of intracellular calcium, and which promotes the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of cells undergoing activation, injury, or apoptosis; a close paralog of K08D10.8 is K08D10.7, and other paralogs include F46A8.9, F46A8.10, and Y50E8A.9> Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells occurs because of a phospholipid scramblase and inactivation of an aminophospolipid translocase that would normally keep the PS on the interior of the cell; by virtue of its similarity to mammalian scramblase, K08D10.8 may promote clearage of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis. K08D10.9 Q21317 K08D12.1 Q966I8 K08D12.2 Q966I6 K08D12.2 is orthologous to the human gene XRP2 PROTEIN (RP2; OMIM:312600), which when mutated leads to disease. K08D12.3a Q966I7 K08D12.3 is orthologous to the human gene UNNAMED PROTEIN PRODUCT (ZNF9; OMIM:116955), which when mutated leads to disease. K08D12.3b Q8MXU9 K08D12.4 Q966I9 K08D12.5 Q966J0 K08D12.6 Q8MXU8 K08D8.1 Q21331 K08D8.2 Q21328 K08D8.3 Q21329 K08D8.5 Q21327 K08D8.6 O01636 K08D9.1 Q9TXN0 K08D9.2 Q9TXN2 K08D9.3 P41990 p that is dependent upon inductive signaling mediated by the LET-23-Ras pathway and wild-type activity of the SUR-2 transcriptional mediator component. K08D9.4 Q9TXN5 K08D9.5 Q9TXN3 K08D9.6 Q9TXN1 K08E3.1 Q9XUS8 K08E3.10 Q69Z12 K08E3.2 Q9XUT1 K08E3.3a Q9U3B8 K08E3.3b Q9XUS7 EF hand, Src homology domain 3 K08E3.4 Q9XUT0 K08E3.5a Q9XUS6 K08E3.5b Q9XUS5 UTP--GLUCOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE (EC 2.7.7.9) (UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE) (UDPGP) K08E3.5c Q9XUS4 UTP--GLUCOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE (EC 2.7.7.9) (UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE) (UDPGP) K08E3.5d Q8WQE5 K08E3.5e Q86D12 K08E3.5f Q69Z13 K08E3.6 Q9XUS9 cyk-4 encodes a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for the Rho family of GTPases that, together with ZEN-4, is sufficient to promote the formation of the large bundles of microtubules that form the central spindle during anaphase, and is required for fertility and coordinated locomotion postembryonically; localizes to the central spindle during anaphase interdependently with ZEN-4, and interacts with ZEN-4 in vitro and in vivo. K08E3.7 Q9XUS3 pdr-1 encodes an ortholog of human parkin (PARK2; OMIM:602544), which when mutated leads to the juvenile 2 form of Parkinson disease (OMIM:600116). K08E3.8 Q9XUS2 K08E4.1 Q21338 K08E4.2 Q21333 K08E4.3 Q21334 K08E4.4 Q21332 K08E4.5 Q21335 K08E4.6 Q21336 K08E5.2a Q21339 K08E5.2b Q21339 NADC (Na+-coupled dicarboxylate transporter) family K08E5.3a P34576 K08E5.3b Q65ZC2 MUscle Attachment abnormal K08E7.1 Q21342 K08E7.2 Q9U3B7 K08E7.3 Q21341 let-99 encodes a protein with a DEP domain (Domain found in Dishevelled, Egl-10, and Pleckstrin); LET-99 has no obvious homologs in non-nematodes, but has a truncated paralog (LRG-1) in C. elegans; LET-99 is required for the mitotic spindle to be properly oriented with respect to the axis of cellular polarity, both during anterior migration and rotation of the nuclear-centrosome complex and during anaphase; let-99 mutants exhibit hyperactive nuclear movement and abnormal anaphase spindle pole behavior; LET-99 is mislocalized in par-2 and par-3 mutants; like other proteins containing DEP domains, LET-99 may act as part of a G protein signalling pathway (e.g., the one controlling spindle position). K08E7.4 Q21343 K08E7.5 Q21344 K08E7.6 Q21345 K08E7.7 Q21346 cul-6 encodes a member of the cullin family that may physically interact with SKR-3. K08E7.8 Q21347 K08E7.9 P34712 pgp-1 encodes a transmembrane protein that is a member of the P-glycoprotein subclass of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily; along with PGP-3, PGP-1 is required for defense against the pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14, and may facilitate ATP-dependent efflux of the toxic phenazine compounds produced by the bacteria; PGP-1 is expressed in the apical membrane of intestinal cells and in the intestinal valve cells; loss of pgp-1 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities. K08F11.1 Q94265 K08F11.2 P83385 K08F11.3 Q94261 K08F11.4a Q94262 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K08F11.4b Q8MPU1 tYrosinyl tRNA Synthetase K08F11.5 Q94263 K08F4.1 Q21350 K08F4.11 O16116 gst-3 encodes a predicted glutathione S-transferase. K08F4.12 Q7YWZ2 K08F4.2 Q21351 K08F4.3 Q21352 K08F4.4 Q21353 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. K08F4.5 Q21354 K08F4.6 O16115 K08F4.7 Q21355 gst-4 encodes a predicted glutathione S-transferase; mRNA is expressed in adults and accumulation increases in response to paraquat. K08F4.8 P53020 msp-38 encodes a member of the major sperm protein family. K08F4.9 Q21359 K08F8.1a Q21360 K08F8.1b Q8I117 K08F8.1c Q7JM88 K08F8.1d Q65ZB7 K08F8.1e Q65ZB6 K08F8.2 Q21361 K08F8.3 Q21362 fut-1 encodes a functional fucosyl transferase; evidence from biophysical experiments indicates that FUT-1 is a golgi-localized glycosyltransferase. K08F8.4 P90925 The bas-2 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene PHENYLALANINE HYDROXYLASE (PAH), which when mutated leads to phenylketonuria (OMIM:261600). K08F8.5a Q21365 K08F8.5b P90926 K08F8.6 Q93442 The let-19 gene encodes a protein related to human TRAP240 (thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 240, OMIM:300182), a transcriptional co-activation complex subunit conserved in yeast, Drosophila, and humans; LET-19 is required for proper asymmetric cell divisions and cell fusions regulated by LIN-44/Wnt and LIN-17/frizzled, as well as for proper development of secondary vulval cell fates as regulated by Notch signaling. K08F8.7 Q7YWX2 K08F9.1 Q9XVL3 K08F9.2 O17939 K08F9.3 O17940 K08F9.4 O17941 K08G2.12 Q7YXA8 K08G2.13 Q7YXA7 K08G2.5 Q93867 K08G2.7 Q93869 K08G2.8 O18050 K08G2.9 Q7YXC0 K08H10.1 O16527 They thus might act as hydration buffers, molecular chaperones, ion sinks, or membrane stabilizers, and could be expressed in C. elegans as part of a defense against dehydration. K08H10.2a Q9XTH4 They thus might act as hydration buffers, molecular chaperones, ion sinks, or membrane stabilizers, and could be expressed in C. elegans as part of a defense against dehydration. K08H10.2b Q9XVV2 K08H10.3 Q9XU85 K08H10.4 Q9XU84 K08H10.6 Q9XU83 K08H10.7 Q9XU82 K08H10.9 Q9XU81 K08H2.1 Q21367 skr-21 is distantly paralogous to skr-19 and skr-20; these three genes are physically clustered in a 3.7 kb region on chromosome X. K08H2.2 Q21366 K08H2.3 Q21368 K08H2.4 Q21369 K08H2.5 Q21373 K08H2.6 Q21370 HP1 proteins organize nuclear architecture, and, by recruitment to specific promoters, may negatively regulate individual genes. K08H2.7 Q21371 K08H2.8 Q21372 K08H2.9 Q7YWW9 K09A11.1 Q21374 K09A11.2 Q27506 K09A11.3 Q27505 K09A11.4 Q27507 K09A11.5 Q21375 K09A9.1 Q93872 K09A9.2 Q93874 rab-14 encodes a member of the Rab GTPase family. K09A9.3 Q93871 K09A9.4 Q93875 K09A9.5 Q93873 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K09A9.6 Q93178 K09B11.1 Q9XU80 The latter is a protein kinase domain. K09B11.10 Q9U3B4 K09B11.2 Q9U3B6 K09B11.3 Q9XU78 K09B11.4 Q9XU79 K09B11.5 Q9U3B5 K09B11.9 Q9XU77 K09B3.1 Q94268 K09B3.2 Q94267 K09C4.1 Q21385 K09C4.10 Q21380 K09C4.2 Q21384 K09C4.4 Q21382 K09C4.5 Q21381 K09C4.6 Q21379 K09C4.7 Q21378 K09C4.8 Q21376 sul-1 encodes a member of the sulfatase family. K09C4.9 Q21377 K09C8.1 Q21386 pbo-4 encodes a sodium/proton exchanger (also known as nhx-7), with a potential Ca[2+]/calmodulin binding domain in its C-terminal cytosolic region that could mediate calcium signaling; PBO-4 is expressed in the basolateral membrane of posterior intestinal cells; PBO-4 is required for normal posterior body muscle contraction (pBoc) during the defecation cycle; PBO-4 is thought to prevent intracellular acidification by catalysing the electroneutral exchange of extracellular sodium for an intracellular proton; specifically, PBO-4 may enable intercellular signals from intestinal cells (by secreting protons which then might activate PBO-5 in adjacent muscle cells). K09C8.2 O01341 K09C8.3 Q21388 K09C8.4 Q21389 K09C8.5 Q21043 K09C8.6 Q8MQ06 K09C8.7 Q7YWY3 K09C8.8 Q7YWY2 K09D9.1 Q9N5I0 K09D9.10 Q9N5J0 K09D9.11 Q9N5I9 K09D9.12 Q9N5I8 K09D9.13 Q86DC3 K09D9.2 Q9N5I1 K09D9.3 Q9N5I2 K09D9.6 Q9N5I5 K09D9.7 Q9N5I6 K09D9.8 Q9N5I7 K09D9.9 Q9N5J1 K09E10.1 O01857 K09E10.2 O01856 K09E2.1 Q21394 K09E2.2 Q21393 K09E2.3 Q21392 K09E2.4a Q21391 K09E2.4b Q7Z2A2 neuRonal IGCAM K09E3.1 Q21400 K09E3.2 Q21398 K09E3.4 Q21399 K09E3.5 Q21395 K09E3.6 Q21396 K09E3.7 Q21401 K09E4.1 Q9NAP8 K09E4.2 Q9NAP5 K09E4.3 Q9NAP7 K09E4.4 Q9NAP6 K09E4.4 is orthologous to the human gene N-ACETYLGALACTOSAMINIDASE, ALPHA- (NAGLU; OMIM:104170), which when mutated leads to disease. K09E4.5 Q9XU57 K09E4.6 Q7YWX9 K09E9.1 Q93877 K09E9.2 Q93878 K09E9.3 Q93879 K09F5.1 Q21405 K09F5.2 P55155 K09F5.3a O17943 K09F5.3b Q95QC9 SaPosin-like Protein family K09F5.4 Q21402 K09F5.5 Q21404 K09F6.10 Q8MXJ4 K09F6.2 O16730 K09F6.3 O16728 K09F6.4 O16729 K09F6.5 O16731 K09F6.6 O16732 K09F6.7 O16734 K09F6.8 O16735 K09F6.9 Q8MXJ5 K09G1.1a Q9XVL1 K09G1.1b Q95ZR6 K09G1.2 Q9XVL0 K09G1.3 Q9XVL2 K09G1.4a P90927 dop-2 is orthologous to the human gene DOPAMINE RECEPTOR D2 (DRD2; OMIM:126450), which when mutated leads to myoclonus-dystonia syndrome. K09G1.4b Q7JL11 DOPamine receptor K09H11.1 O01590 K09H11.3 O01585 K09H11.4 O01586 K09H11.5 O01587 K09H11.6 O01589 K09H11.7 O01591 K09H9.1 O44994 K09H9.2 O44992 K09H9.3 O44989 K09H9.4 O44988 K09H9.5a O44990 K09H9.5b Q8IA63 K09H9.6 O44991 K09H9.7 O44993 K10B2.1 Q09990 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). K10B2.2a Q09991 K10B2.2b Q86NG2 K10B2.3a Q86NG3 K10B2.3b Q86NG4 K10B2.4 Q09993 K10B2.5 Q09994 K10B3.10 Q21408 K10B3.1a Q21411 K10B3.5 Q21406 K10B3.6a Q21407 K10B3.6b Q7Z1P3 K10B3.6c Q7Z1P2 K10B3.7 P17330 gpd-3 encodes a predicted glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase that affects embryonic viability; GPD-3 interacts with LIN-2 in two-hybrid assays. K10B3.8 P17329 GPD-2 and GPD-3 are highly similar, exhibiting 97% identity at the amino acid level. K10B3.9 P37209 mai-1 encodes a protein with similarity to human mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor; exists as the upstream gene in an operon with gpd-2 and gpd-3. K10B4.1 O17241 K10B4.2 O17238 K10B4.3 O17237 K10B4.4 O17239 K10B4.5 O17240 K10B4.6a P34888 cwn-1 is orthologous to the human gene SIGNALING PROTEIN WNT-4 (WNT4; OMIM:603490), which when mutated leads to disease. K10B4.6b Q86FS7 C. elegans WNT family K10C2.1 Q94269 K10C2.2 Q94270 K10C2.3 Q94271 K10C2.4 Q94272 K10C2.4 is orthologous to the human gene FUMARYLACETOACETATE (FAH; OMIM:276700), which when mutated leads to disease. K10C2.5 Q94273 K10C2.6 Q94274 K10C2.7 Q967F0 K10C3.2 Q9XU56 K10C3.3 O02280 K10C3.4 O45665 K10C3.5 O17944 K10C3.6a O45666 K10C3.6b Q8WQE4 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family K10C3.6c Q8I4H4 Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptors, Zinc finger, C4 type (two domains) K10C3.6d Q8I4H3 Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptors, Zinc finger, C4 type (two domains) K10C8.1 Q21412 K10C8.2 Q21413 An extract from flesh fly (Neobellieria bullata) central nervous systems was used to screen cells expressing Drosophila FR; this identified two endogenous peptides, APPQPSDNFIRFamide (Neb-FIRFamide) and pQPSQDFMRFamide (Neb-FMRFamide) as being CG2114 ligands; the Drosophila equivalents of these FMRFamides (DPKQDFMRFamide, TPAEDFMRFamide, SDNFMRFamide, SPKQDFMRFamide, and PDNFMRFamide) activated CG2114. K10C8.3 Q21414 K10C8.4 Q7YWY0 K10C9.1 O61891 K10C9.3 O61887 K10C9.4 O61885 K10C9.6 O61888 K10C9.7 O61890 K10C9.8 O61886 K10D11.1 O45667 K10D11.2 O17945 K10D11.3 O17946 K10D11.4 O17947 K10D11.5 O17948 K10D11.6 O17949 K10D2.1a Q09589 K10D2.1b Q8IG07 K10D2.2 Q09408 K10D2.3 Q09409 K10D2.4 Q09410 K10D2.5 Q09411 K10D2.6 Q09590 K10D2.7 Q09412 K10D3.1 Q21415 glr-3 encodes a protein that contains a ligand-gated ion channel domain and a receptor family ligand binding domain with similarity to kainate-selective ionotropic glutamate receptor 2 (human GRIK2); expressed in the RIA neuron. K10D3.2 O15940 Paradoxically, the repellent cue appears to be coexpressed with EGL-17 (a fibroblast growth factor-like protein that attracts sex myoblasts). K10D3.3 Q21417 K10D3.4 Q21418 K10D3.6 Q8WQE3 K10D6.1 Q21420 K10D6.2a O45670 K10D6.2 encodes three isoforms of a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; K10D6.2A-C are worm-specific, with obvious homologs only in C. elegans; K10D6.2A-C are required for embryonic viability in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. K10D6.2b O45669 K10D6.2c Q9NAP4 K10D6.3 Q21421 K10D6.4 Q21423 K10E9.1 O61779 K10E9.2 O61780 K10F12.3a Q8IA75 K10F12.3b Q8IA76 phospholipase C K10F12.4a O17234 K10F12.4b Q8IA74 K10F12.5 O17235 K10F12.6 O17236 K10F12.7 Q8IA73 K10G4.1 O45674 K10G4.2 O45673 K10G4.3 O45672 K10G4.4 O45675 K10G4.5 O45671 K10G4.9 Q7YTL8 K10G6.1 P34683 LIN-31 is also expressed in the excretory cell and in male-specific B cell descendents, but this expression is not believed to be related to the MAP kinase signaling pathways that are known to be active in these tissues. K10G6.2 O16627 K10G6.3 O16625 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. K10G6.4 O16626 K10G9.1 Q09932 K10G9.2 Q21425 K10G9.3 Q8WR51 K10H10.1 O45678 K10H10.10 Q7YWX5 K10H10.2 O45679 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K10H10.3a O45680 K10H10.4 O45681 K10H10.5 O45682 K10H10.6 Q9XU55 K10H10.7 O45684 K10H10.9 O45683 K11B4.1 O01342 K11B4.2 O45685 K11C4.1 Q94277 K11C4.2 Q94276 K11C4.3a Q9U9J7 However, while mutants homozygous for strong loss-of-function or null unc-70 alleles are inviable under normal culture conditions, they can be propagated in freshly seeded HB101 (which is more watery than sticky OP50 bacteria, and thus can nourish worms with pharyngeal defects) if the mutants are transferred every 2-3 days. K11C4.3b Q95ZL8 UNCoordinated K11C4.4 P41931 odc-1 encodes ornithine decarboxylase, the first enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis that catalyzes the conversion of ornithine to putrescine; ODC-1 is required for development when animals are deprived of exogenous polyamines, which are required for oogenesis and completion of embryogenesis; in addition,ODC-1 may contribute to male fertility; ODC-1 activity is detectable at all developmental stages, with highest levels observed in adults and L4 larvae. K11C4.5 Q94279 unc-68 encodes a ryanodine receptor ortholog that is expressed in body-wall muscle cells and is required for normal body tension and locomotion; unc-68 mutants are flaccid, sluggish, and resistant to ryanodine, but have normal muscle ultrastructure; UNC-68 is dispensable for excitation-contraction coupling itself, but may amplify its calcium signals; the unc-68/kra-1(kh30) mutation is an S1444N substitution at a putative protein kinase C phosphorylation site; UNC-68 reduced unc-103(sy557)-induced spicule protraction by one half; unc-68 is orthologous to the human genes RYR1 (OMIM:180901, mutated in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease), RYR2 (OMIM:180902, mutated in stress-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia), and RYR3 (OMIM:180903). K11D12.1 O44626 cwp-4 encodes a protein with some similarity to mucins that is predicted to be secreted, and is alleged to be coexpressed with polycystins; CWP-4 is dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens. K11D12.10a Q8T7Z0 K11D12.10b Q8T7Z1 human MLK (Mixed Lineage Kinase) homolog K11D12.11 Q95X61 K11D12.12 Q8T7Z2 K11D12.2 O44625 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. K11D12.3 O44618 K11D12.4 O44619 K11D12.5 O44620 K11D12.6 O44621 K11D12.7 O44622 K11D12.8 O44623 K11D12.9 O44624 K11D2.1 O62303 K11D2.2 O45686 K11D2.2 is orthologous to the human gene N-ACYLSPHINGOSINE AMIDOHYDROLASE (ASAH; OMIM:228000), which when mutated leads to Farber lipogranulomatosis. K11D2.3 P35602 unc-101 encodes an adaptin orthologous to the mu1-I subunit of adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) that is involved in motility, egg-laying, negative regulation of LET-23 / EGF-receptor signalling, and localization of the neuronal receptors ODR-10 and GLR-1; it is broadly expressed. K11D2.4 O02283 K11D2.5 Q7YTL5 K11D9.1a Q9XU12 klp-7(RNAi) embryos have a disrupted mitotic spindle, lacking spindle microtubules, and lack the anterior-posterior asymmetry normally seen in the dividing one-cell embryo. K11D9.1b Q9GRF0 kinesin, kinesin-13 (MCAK/KIF-2) family, isoform b K11D9.2a Q9XTG6 SERCA proteins transport cytosolic Ca[2+] into the endoplasmic reticulum or sarcoplasmic reticulum. K11D9.2b Q9XU13 E1-E2 ATPases K11D9.3 Q9XTG8 K11E4.1 Q21428 K11E4.2 Q21429 K11E4.3 Q21427 Along with an EST from the nematode Prestionchus pacificus, the C. elegans proteins form a separate branch of the PON family. K11E4.4 Q21430 K11E4.5b Q5WRP0 K11E8.1a Q21431 unc-43(gf) mutants (in which unc-43 is overexpressed) suppress the excess motoneuron branching, and thus the uncoordinated phenotype, induced by an unc-6deltaC transgene. K11E8.1b O62304 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase K11E8.1c O62305 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase K11E8.1d Q9U6Q0 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase K11E8.1e Q9NH59 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase K11E8.1f Q9NH57 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase K11E8.1g Q9NH60 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase K11E8.1h Q9NH58 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase K11E8.1i Q9NG91 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase K11E8.1k Q9NH56 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase K11E8.1l Q9NH55 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase K11E8.1m Q7JLT8 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase K11G12.1a Q21432 K11G12.1b Q21432 Nematode AStacin protease K11G12.2 P48182 A homolog of a non-alpha type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit that forms a functional channel when co-expressed with the unc-38 alpha subunit. K11G12.3 Q21433 K11G12.4a Q21434 K11G12.4b Q65ZJ5 yeast SMF (divalent cation transporter) homolog K11G12.5 Q27322 K11G12.6 Q21435 K11G12.7 Q93149 acr-3 encodes a non-alpha subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) superfamily; ACR-3 functions as a ligand-gated ion channel that likely mediates fast actions of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and in the nervous system; when coexpressed with UNC-38, an nAChR alpha subunit, the resulting hetero-oligomer can form levamisole-gated channels; ACR-3 is a member of the UNC-29-like group of nAChR subunits. K11G9.1 Q23010 K11G9.2 Q23009 K11G9.3 Q23008 K11G9.4 Q23011 Expression is dependent upon egl-44 in FLP cells but not in HSN cells. K11G9.5 Q23012 K11G9.6 P17511 mtl-1 encodes a metallothionein, a small, cysteine-rich, metal-binding protein; MTL-1 functions in metal detoxification and homeostasis and in stress adaptation; MTL-1 expression is induced in larval and adult intestinal cells following exposure to cadmium or heat stress, and in addition, is detected constitutively in three cells in the posterior pharyngeal bulb; MTL-1 intestinal expression is dependent upon ELT-2, an intestine-specific GATA-type transcription factor. K11H12.1 P91375 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K11H12.2 P91374 rpl-15 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L15 protein. K11H12.3 P91370 K11H12.4 P91369 K11H12.5 P91368 K11H12.6 P91371 K11H12.7 P91372 K11H12.8a P91373 K11H12.8b Q8MPU0 K11H12.9 P91376 K11H3.1a Q7JMU1 K11H3.1b P34517 K11H3.2 P34518 K11H3.3 P34519 K11H3.4 P34520 K11H3.5 P34521 K11H3.6 Q7YWY8 K11H3.7 Q7YWY7 K12B6.1 O16386 K12B6.2 O16382 K12B6.3 O16380 K12B6.4 O16381 K12B6.5 O16383 K12B6.6 O16384 K12B6.7 O16385 K12B6.8 O16387 K12B6.9 Q6A597 K12C11.1 O44995 The K12C11.1 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene PEPTIDASE D (PEPD), which when mutated leads to prolidase deficiency (OMIM:170100). K12C11.2 P55853 K12C11.3 O44996 K12C11.4 O44997 The last is a Death domain: such domains are generally apoptotic adaptors, mediating transmission of external stimuli controlling apoptosis to intracellular executors of apoptosis. K12D12.1 Q23670 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. K12D12.2 Q21436 npp-3 encodes a predicted nucleoporin that is a homolog of vertebrate Nup205, and is required for normal nuclear pore complex distribution in the nuclear envelope, affects nuclear exclusion of large non-nuclear macromolecules, chromatin condensation, early embryonic viability, body integrity and locomotion. K12D12.3 Q21437 K12D12.4a Q21438 K12D12.5 Q21439 K12D9.1 P91387 K12D9.10 P91385 K12D9.12 P91388 K12D9.3 P91378 K12D9.4 P91379 K12D9.5 P91380 K12D9.7 P91382 K12D9.9 P91384 K12F2.1 P12844 myo-3 encodes MHC A, the minor isoform of MHC (myosin heavy chain) that is essential for thick filament formation, and for viability, movement, and embryonic elongation; expressed in body muscle, the somatic sheath cell covering the hermaphrodite gonad, and also expressed in enteric muscle, vulval muscles of the hermaphrodite and the diagonal muscles of the male tail. K12F2.2a Q21441 The vab-8 gene encodes a novel protein containing an atypical kinesin-like motor domain that is required for many posteriorly-directed cell migrations, as well as axonal outgrowth and pathfinding; vab-8 encodes two protein isoforms: VAB-8S, a novel protein expressed in migrating cells, and VAB-8L, which contains a kinesin-related domain, is expressed in neurons and functions in growth cone migrations; VAB-8 interacts with UNC-51, a serine-threonine kinase also required for axon outgrowth. K12F2.2b Q9TVW0 kinesin-like protein K12G11.1 O17950 K12G11.2 O17951 K12G11.3 Q17334 K12G11.4 O45687 K12G11.5 O45689 K12G11.6 Q7JKQ3 K12H4.1 P34522 ceh-26 encodes a protein that contains a prospero-related homeodomain; expressed in nuclei of the adult head, tail neurons, and one cell in the postdeirids. K12H4.2 P34523 K12H4.3 P34524 K12H4.4 P34525 K12H4.5 P34526 K12H4.6 P34527 K12H4.7a P34528 K12H4.7b P34528 K12H4.8 P34529 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. K12H6.1 Q9N5H9 K12H6.11 Q9N5H6 K12H6.12 Q9N5H8 K12H6.2 Q9N5H7 K12H6.3 Q8MQ05 fut-4 encodes a member of the glycosyltransferase 10 family. K12H6.4 Q9N5H3 K12H6.5 Q9N5H1 K12H6.6a Q9N5G9 K12H6.6b Q86S83 K12H6.7 Q9N5G8 K12H6.8 Q9N5H0 K12H6.9 Q9N5H2 LLC1.1 Q22036 LLC1.2 O17954 LLC1.3 O17953 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. M01A10.1 P91393 A dominant-negative form of FUBP1-like proteins can be generated in vitro and expressed transgenically; doing so negatively regulates the activity of several other transcription factors associated with c-myc's FUSE site. M01A10.2a P91389 M01A10.2b P91392 TOMosyn (vertebrate synaptic protein) homolog M01A10.2c Q8T3B2 TOMosyn (vertebrate synaptic protein) homolog M01A10.3 P91390 M01A10.4 P91391 M01A12.1 P91396 M01A12.3 Q86NC7 M01A8.1 P34530 M01A8.2a P34531 M01A8.2b Q65ZC5 M01B12.1 O61863 M01B12.3 O61861 M01B12.4a O61862 M01B12.4b Q8T7Y6 M01B12.4c Q8MXG4 M01B12.5a O44959 M01B12.5b Q7Z154 M01B2.1 O17955 kin-30 encodes a predicted tyrosine kinase; kin-30 is expressed during larval stages, but has not been detected in adults; the expression of kin-30 was experimentally verified by RT-PCR. M01B2.10 O17963 M01B2.11 Q86D05 M01B2.2 O17956 M01B2.3 O17957 M01B2.4 O17958 M01B2.6 Q9XU76 M01B2.7 O17961 M01B2.8 O17962 M01B2.9 O17960 M01D1.1 O17230 M01D1.10 Q965L5 M01D1.2 O17224 M01D1.3 O17223 M01D1.7 O17228 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). M01D1.8 O17229 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). M01D1.9 O17231 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). M01D7.1 O01968 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). M01D7.2 O01967 M01D7.4 O01969 M01D7.5 O01970 nlp-12 encodes two predicted neuropeptide-like proteins; nlp-12 is part of a LQFamide neuropeptide family that has members in at least one other nematode species; nlp-12 is expressed in one tail neuron; as loss of nlp-12 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of nlp-12-encoded peptides in development and/or behavior is not yet known. M01D7.6 O01971 emr-1(RNAi) animals display no obvious phenotype. M01D7.7a Q17386 egl-30(n686) mutants suppress the excess motoneuron branching, and thus the uncoordinated phenotype, induced by an unc-6deltaC transgene. M01D7.7b Q8T3G5 guanine nucleotide-binding protein M01E10.2 Q9TXR6 M01E10.3 Q9TXR5 M01E11.1 P91402 M01E11.2 P91401 M01E11.3 P91399 M01E11.4a Q95ZL6 M01E11.4b Q95ZL7 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein M01E11.5 P91398 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. M01E11.6 P91400 M01E11.7a Q95ZL4 M01E11.7b P92160 tensin M01E11.7c Q95ZL5 Temporarily Assigned Gene name M01E11.7d Q8T3B1 Temporarily Assigned Gene name M01E5.1 O17964 M01E5.2 O45691 M01E5.3 O45692 M01E5.4 O45690 M01E5.5a O17966 M01E5.5b O17965 DNA topoisomerase I M01E5.6 O17968 M01F1.1 Q21450 M01F1.10 Q7YWW7 M01F1.2 Q27389 rpl-16 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L13a protein. M01F1.3 Q21452 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. M01F1.5 Q21455 M01F1.6 Q21454 M01F1.7 O62119 The DDHD domain may bind a homolog of the PYK2 tyrosine kinase, as it is also found in NIR1-3 proteins that bind human PYK2. M01F1.8a Q7YXB7 M01F1.8b Q7YXB6 M01F1.9 Q7YWW8 M01G12.1 O62308 M01G12.10 O62307 M01G12.11 O62314 M01G12.12 Q9BH56 RRF-2 is a member of the NCBI KOG0988 ('RNA-directed RNA polymerase QDE-1 required for posttranscriptional gene silencing and RNA interference'). M01G12.13 O62318 M01G12.14 O62316 M01G12.2 O62309 M01G12.4 O62311 M01G12.5 Q9XUS1 M01G12.6 O62312 M01G12.7 O62313 M01G12.9 O62317 M01G4.1 Q21457 M01G5.1 O76686 M01G5.3 O76687 M01G5.5 O76689 snf-6 encodes a member of the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family. M01H9.1 Q94282 M01H9.2 Q95018 M01H9.3a Q95ZL2 M01H9.3b Q95ZL3 M01H9.3c Q5TYL1 M01H9.4 Q94281 M01H9.5 Q8MPT9 M02A10.1 Q21459 M02A10.2 Q21458 irk-2 encodes an inwardly rectifying potassium channel based on sequence homology to the the human potassium channel genes KCNJ1/KCNJ2. M02A10.3a Q19019 M02A10.3b Q95ZR5 adaptor-like E3 ubiquitin ligase M02A10.3c Q6ABG8 Suppressor of LIneage defect M02B1.1 Q93890 M02B1.2 Q93891 M02B1.3 Q93892 M02B1.4 Q93893 M02B7.1 Q94286 M02B7.2 Q94285 M02B7.3a P46873 Since mutations in osm-3 restore social feeding that is abolished by mutations in ocr-2 and odr-4, at least some OSM-3-dependent sensory neurons may normally inhibit social feeding. M02B7.3b P46873 OSMotic avoidance abnormal M02B7.4 Q94284 M02B7.5 Q94287 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. M02B7.6 Q94288 cal-3 encodes a member of the calmodulin family. M02D8.1 Q21465 M02D8.2 Q21462 M02D8.3 Q21461 M02D8.4a Q21463 M02D8.4b Q8IG01 M02D8.4c Q65ZI9 M02D8.5 Q21464 M02D8.6 Q8IG02 M02E1.1a Q94290 M02E1.1b Q95Q45 M02E1.2 Q95Q46 M02E1.3 Q6A6X0 M02F4.1 Q21472 M02F4.2 Q21470 M02F4.3 Q21469 However, the conserved ACD domain has been predicted to have transmembrane sequences, at least one ACD homolog (Mam3p in S. cerevisiae) is localized to the vacuolar membrane, and recent work has shown that murine Acdp1 in hippocampal neurons is primarily located in the plasma membrane. M02F4.7 Q21471 M02F4.8 Q21473 M02F4.9 Q95ZR4 M02G9.1 O17970 M02G9.2 O17969 M02G9.3 Q9XUS0 M02H5.1 Q966H4 M02H5.10 Q966I4 M02H5.11 Q966I3 M02H5.2 Q966H5 M02H5.6 Q966I0 M02H5.7 Q966I1 M02H5.9 Q966I5 M03A1.1a O61460 M03A1.1b O61460 Variable ABnormal morphology M03A1.3 Q21476 M03A1.3 encodes a protein with ~10 predicted transmembrane sequences; it has an internal repeat (in residues 74-351 and 377-668), with some similarity in these repeated domains to worm C05D12.1 and C13B4.1, and to mammalian stromal cell derived factor receptor 2. M03A1.6a Q21478 M03A1.6b Q8WQE0 M03A1.7 Q86LS4 Of the genes dao-1, dao-2, dao-3, and dao-4, dao-2 showed the highest degree of induction in a wild-type (versus daf-2) background as assayed by RNA blotting. M03A8.1 Q21481 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. M03A8.2 Q21480 M03A8.4 Q21482 M03B6.1 Q93895 M03B6.2 Q93896 M03B6.3 Q93894 M03B6.4 Q93897 M03B6.5 Q7YWZ5 M03C11.1 Q21483 M03C11.2 Q21489 M03C11.3 Q21488 M03C11.4 Q21484 M03C11.5 P54813 M03C11.6 Q21485 M03C11.7 Q21486 M03C11.8 O45609 M03D4.1a Q21493 The ZEN-4/CYK-4 complex is termed 'centralspindlin', comprises a heterotetramer, and promotes microtubule bundling. M03D4.1b Q21492 kinesin-like protein M03D4.1c Q8MQ04 Zygotic epidermal ENclosure defective M03D4.1d Q8MQ03 Zygotic epidermal ENclosure defective M03D4.3 Q21491 M03D4.4a Q21494 M03D4.4b Q5TYL4 M03D4.6 Q21495 M03E7.1 Q21500 M03E7.2 Q21498 M03E7.3 Q21497 M03E7.4 Q21496 M03E7.5 Q21499 M03F4.2a P10986 An actin that is expressed in body wall and vulval muscles and the spermatheca. M03F4.2b Q95ZL1 ACTin M03F4.2c Q6A8K1 ACTin M03F4.3a Q23013 M03F4.3b Q7JNP9 Temporarily Assigned Gene name M03F4.4 Q23014 M03F4.6 Q23015 M03F4.7a Q23017 M03F4.7b Q7Z2A4 M03F8.1 O16378 M03F8.2a O16377 M03F8.2b Q8MXJ9 PAPS (adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate) Transporter M03F8.3 O16376 M03F8.4 O16374 M03F8.5 O16375 M03F8.6 O16379 M04B2.1 Q21502 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. M04B2.2 Q21503 M04B2.3 Q21501 gfl-1 encodes an ortholog of human GLIOMA-AMPLIFIED SEQUENCE-41 (GAS41; OMIM:602116, found in increased copy number in low-grade glioma); loss of GLF-1, which is predicted to associate with chromatin, results in potent suppression of the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism; GLF-1 is also similar to the transcription factors (yeast and human) AF-9 and human ENL, and thus may represent a novel class of transcription factors. M04B2.4 Q21504 M04B2.5 Q21505 M04B2.6 Q7YTL7 M04B2.7 Q7YTL6 M04C3.1a O62080 M04C3.1b Q8I075 M04C3.2 O62319 M04C3.3 O62320 M04C7.1 P91907 gpa-15 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases; it is expressed in ADL, ASH, ASK, PHA, PHB, the distal tip cell, the anchor cell, and many male-specific neurons. M04C7.3 P91906 M04C7.4 Q7YWX8 M04C9.1 P90930 M04C9.2 P90931 M04C9.3 P90933 M04C9.4 P90934 M04C9.5 P90932 M04D8.1 Q21507 M04D8.2 Q21508 ins-22 encodes predicted type-alpha insulin-like molecule that lacks a C peptide domain and does not have an A6/A11 disulfide bond; expressed throughout development in some neurons beginning in the four-fold elongated embryo. M04D8.3 Q21506 Like the mitogenic stimulators IGF-I and IGF-II, INS-23 does not contain the internal C peptide that is proteolytically cleaved from insulin, a metabolic regulator. M04D8.4 Q21509 M04D8.5 Q21510 M04D8.6 Q21511 M04D8.7 Q21512 M04D8.8 Q7YWX1 M04F3.1 Q95Y97 M04F3.2 Q95Y98 M04F3.3 Q95Y99 M04F3.4 Q95Y96 M04F3.5 Q95Y95 M04G12.1a P92004 M04G12.1b Q9XVK9 M04G12.2 P92005 M04G12.3 P92006 gcy-34 encodes a predicted soluble guanylyl cyclase that is expressed in four candidate sensory neurons connected to the pseudocoelom, URXL, URXR, AQR, and PQR; as loss of gcy-34 activity via RNA-mediated interference does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of GCY-34 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; GCY-34 expression in neurons connected to the pseudocoelom suggests, however, that GCY-34 may play a role in fluid homeostasis. M04G12.4a P92007 M04G12.4b Q8I4H1 M04G7.1 O44179 M04G7.2 O44180 M04G7.3a O44181 M04G7.3b Q5W613 M05B5.1 Q21514 M05B5.2 Q21516 M05B5.3 Q21518 M05B5.4 Q21515 The M05B5.4 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE (LCAT; OMIM:606967), which when mutated leads to lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (OMIM:245900). M05B5.5a Q17588 HLH-2:HLH-3 heterodimers have also been shown to interact with the Snail-binding sites in the egl-1 promoter and are thought to thus play a role in antagonizing the CES-1-mediated cell death specification of the NSM sister cells during embryogenesis. M05B5.6 Q21517 M05D6.1 Q21521 M05D6.2 Q21520 M05D6.3 Q21522 M05D6.4 Q21523 M05D6.5 Q21524 M05D6.6 Q21525 M05D6.7 Q21526 gbh-2 encodes an ortholog of human gamma butyrobetaine hydroxilase 2 involved in carnitine biosynthesis; RNA interference of gbh-2 results in malformation of the gonad and accumulation of fat in the pseudocoelomic cavity and in intestinal cells; the GBH-2-GFP fusion protein is predominantly expressed in intestinal cells from early embryogenesis. M05D6.8 Q7YWZ4 M05D6.9 Q7YWZ3 M106.1 Q09591 SDC-1, SDC-2, and SDC-3 proteins form a complex (detectable by coimmunoprecipitation); these three proteins, in turn, colocalize with DPY-26, DPY-27, and MIX-1 proteins both on a transgenic her-1(+) array and on the X chromosome. M106.2 Q09592 M106.3 Q09593 M106.4a Q09580 M106.4 is orthologous to human GUANINE MONOPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE (GMPS; OMIM:600358), a partner gene of MLL in treatment-related acute myeloid leukemia with the karyotype t(3;11)(q25;q23). M106.4b Q7JMN1 M106.5 P34686 The beta subunit of actin capping protein that regulates actin cytoskeleton assembly and establishment of initial asymmetry in the embryo; it is expressed in the cytoplasm of all cells in the embryo. M110.1 Q21528 M110.2 Q21529 M110.3 Q21530 M110.4a Q21531 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. M110.4b Q7JMF0 Initiation Factor 4G (eIF4G) family M110.5a Q8I4H0 M110.5b Q9U3A6 DAB (Drosophila disabled) homolog M110.5c Q8I4G9 DAB (Drosophila disabled) homolog M110.6 Q21533 M110.7 Q21534 M110.8 Q7YTM0 M110.9 Q7YTL9 M116.1 Q688B6 M116.2 O44521 M116.3 O44522 M116.4 Q7KPW1 M116.5 Q965L0 M117.1 Q21538 M117.2 P41932 14-3-3 proteins are involved in various cellular processes like signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, stress response, and cytoskeleton organization; 14-3-3 proteins serve as scaffolds and localization anchors for other proteins. M117.3 Q21539 M117.4 Q21536 M117.5 O62322 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). M142.1 Q10658 unc-119 encodes a novel protein that is highly conserved amongst metazoans; unc-119 activity is required for proper development of the nervous system, including axonal branching and fasciculation, and hence, for normal movement, chemosensation, and feeding; unc-119 is expressed pan-neuronally beginning in the early embryo (~60 cells) and continuing through adulthood; although the molecular function of UNC-119 is not yet known, human UNC119, which can rescue C. elegans unc-119 mutant animals, is reported to function as a receptor-associated activator of signal transduction; thus, UNC-119 may be part of a signal transduction pathway that mediates axonal patterning in response to external developmental cues. M142.2 Q21540 M142.4 Q93899 Since even-skipped transcriptional repressor activity specifies neurone identity and axon guidance in the mouse and Drosophila motoneurons, this form of motoneuron specification may have originated in the ancestors of moden metazoa. M142.5 Q21541 M142.6 O45962 M142.8 Q5WRN3 M151.1 O17121 M151.2 O17119 M151.3 O17118 M151.4 O17117 M151.5 O17120 M151.6 O17122 M151.7 Q965L8 M153.1 Q21544 M153.2 Q21545 M153.3 Q21546 M162.1 Q9XUD0 M162.2 Q9XUC9 M162.3 Q9XUC8 M162.5 Q9U3A4 M162.6 Q9XUD1 M162.7 Q9XUC6 M162.8 Q9XUD2 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). M163.1 Q93906 M163.2 Q93902 M163.3 P10771 The his-24 gene encodes a histone H1 isoform (H1.1) that is essential for chromatin silencing and germline development. M163.4 Q93903 gfi-3 is also known as apc-5, encoding a distant homolog of the human anaphase promoting complex subunit APC5, but is most closely related to its C. elegans paralog Y66D12A.17; gfi-3(RNAi) animals are generally unable to progress through meiotic divisions; initially they produce reduced numbers of viable embryos mixed with inviable embryos, but then show severe germline maintenance defects and become sterile. M163.5 Q93900 M163.6 Q93904 M163.7 Q93905 M163.8 Q6BES2 M176.1 Q21550 tag-50 encodes a predicted member of the arrestin family. M176.10 Q8WQD9 M176.11 Q86NF6 M176.2 Q21549 M176.2 is orthologous to the human gene GLUTATHIONE SYNTHETASE (GSS; OMIM:601002), which when mutated leads to 5-oxoprolinuria, or to GSS deficiency restricted to erythrocytes and associated only with hemolytic anemia. M176.3 Q21551 M176.4 Q21552 M176.5 Q21548 M176.6b Q8T8M7 M176.7 P34892 kin-16 encodes a predicted receptor protein tyrosine kinase; like kin-15, with which it is cotranscribed, kin-16 encodes a protein that displays some unusual features, including a very small extracellular domain (50 amino acids) that lacks a cysteine-rich region typical of ligand-binding domains of known receptor tyrosine kinases, an unusual amino acid substitution in the subdomain VI motif, and a lack of typical autophosphorylation sites in the kinase insert and C-terminal domains; genetic analysis suggests that kin-16 may be required for normal rates of larval development and for fecundity; a kin-16 reporter is first detected in young L1 larvae in the hypodermal cells that make up the hyp7 syncytium; later expression is detected in ventral and lateral cells that fuse with hyp7 as well as in the more anterior hyp6 syncytium; this distinct expression pattern suggests that kin-16 may also play a role in development of the hypodermal syncytium and perhaps be involved in cell-cell interactions regulating cell fusion during postembryonic development. M176.8 Q21553 M18.1 Q21556 M18.2 Q21557 M18.3 Q21555 M18.5 Q21554 M18.5 is orthologous to the human gene DAMAGE-SPECIFIC DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 (127KD) (DDB1; OMIM:600045), which when mutated leads to disease. M18.6 Q21558 M18.7 Q21559 M18.8 O17549 M195.1 Q21562 M195.2 Q21563 M195.3 Q21565 amt-3 encodes one of four C. elegans homologs of AMT1 (AT11_ARATH), a high-affinity ammonium transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana; AMT-3 is closely similar to its paralog AMT-2, with somewhat more distant paralogy to AMT-1 and AMT-4. M195.4 Q21564 M199.1 Q9NAN9 M199.2 Q9NAP2 M199.3 Q9NAP1 M199.4 Q9NAP0 M199.5 Q86D04 M199.6 Q7YTL4 M199.7 Q7YTL3 M199.8 Q7YTL2 M28.1 Q21573 M28.10 Q8I116 M28.2 Q21572 M28.4 Q21567 M28.5 Q21568 M28.6 Q21569 M28.7 O17972 M28.8 Q21574 M28.9 Q21571 M4.1 Q8ITW1 M4.2 Q8I723 M57.1 Q9TYX9 M57.2 Q9TYY0 M6.1c Q7Z2A3 All eleven intermediate filament proteins exhibit a lamin-like length of the coil 1b domain, but only the A and B subgroups have a lamin homology segment in the tail domain. M6.3 Q21578 M6.4 Q21577 M60.2 Q9GYM9 M60.4a Q7Z2A7 M60.4b Q7Z2A6 M60.5 Q9GYM8 kqt-2 encodes a predicted M-type potassium channel for which mutations in humans are associated with heredity diseases that affect epithelial cells, cardiac muscle and neurons, and affects defecation cycle intervals in C. elegans; may function as a heterotrimeric channel with KQT-3 based on genetic evidence and is expressed in intestinal cells. M60.6 Q9GYM6 M60.7 Q9GYM5 M7.1 P35129 M7.10 Q21588 M7.12 Q21596 M7.13 O17973 M7.2 Q21592 M7.3 Q21593 Mouse BICC1 is mutated in the jcpk and bkp models of polycystic kidney disease. M7.5 Q21591 M7.7 Q21590 M7.8 Q21589 M7.9 O17974 M70.1 O45187 M70.2 O45186 M70.3a Q965J8 M70.3b Q965J9 M70.4 Q688B0 M70.4 is orthologous to human O-MANNOSE BETA-1,2-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINYLTRANSFERASE (FLJ20277; OMIM:606822), which when mutated leads to muscle-eye-brain disease. M70.5 O45188 M79.1a P03949 abl-1 encodes a Src homology (SH) 2 and 3 domain-containing non-receptor tyrosine kinase of the ABL family, which negatively regulates germ cell apoptosis in response to ionizing radiation and which interacts genetically with ced-3 and ced-9, core components of the programmed cell death pathway; abl-1 mutations are suppresed by mutations in unc-34/enabled, a known modifier of abl activity in Drosophila, and hus-1, rad-5, and mrt-2 check point genes are required for the increased germ cell apoptosis seen in abl-1 mutant animals; ABL-1 is homologous to the mammalian proto-oncogene c-ABL (OMIM:189980) and to human CANALICULAR MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN (ABL2; OMIM:601107), which when mutated leads to Dubin-Johnson syndrome (OMIM:237500). M79.1b P03949 related to oncogene ABL M79.1c P03949 related to oncogene ABL M79.2 Q19334 M79.3 Q21598 M79.4 Q9XVX1 M88.1 Q21603 M88.2 Q21601 M88.3 Q21600 M88.4 Q21602 M88.5a Q21605 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. M88.5b Q6A582 M88.6a Q21604 M88.6b Q9U3A0 P-granule Associated Novel protein M88.7 Q9U3A1 PAR2.1 P34496 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. PAR2.3a P45894 PAR2.3b Q8MQ02 AMP-Activated Kinase PAR2.4a P45895 PAR2.4b Q8IG00 PDB1.1 Q21611 R01B10.1a O61973 cli-1 encodes a protein that contains a cystatin-like domain. R01B10.1b Q86S25 Cystatin-LIke protease inhibitor R01B10.2 O61972 R01B10.3 O61974 R01B10.4 O61975 R01B10.5 Q9BMT9 R01B10.6 Q8MXG1 R01B10.6 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR MGC:16393) (BSCL2; OMIM:606158), which when mutated leads to disease. R01E6.1 Q21617 odr-1 encodes a putative guanylyl cyclase required for normal responses to all AWC-sensed odorants; it is expressed in chemosensory neurons. R01E6.2 Q21619 R01E6.3a Q21614 cah-4 encodes a carbonic anhydrase homolog, which is rather divergent from other such homologs in C. elegans (with at most 38% identity to any other carbonic anhydrase, in or out of C. elegans); it is individually dispensable for viability and for grossly normal postembryonic morphology, and thus may have a more subtle biological function than the basic cytoprotective functions expected for carbonic anhydrases. R01E6.3b Q8WQD8 carbonic anhydrase R01E6.4 Q9GQU9 an ortholog of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). R01E6.5 Q21616 R01E6.6 Q21618 R01E6.7 Q21620 R01H10.1 Q21625 The human homolog of DIV-1 interacts both with the catalytic A subunit of DNA polymerase alpha primase and with SV40 T antigen; it also undergoes cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation, suggesting that it may transduce cell cycle regulatory signals into initiation of DNA replication. R01H10.3a Q21624 See cgc4808/PMID:11418247 for more details of cor-1 gene structure. R01H10.3b Q8T3D7 Coronin (beta transducin) R01H10.3c Q8T3D6 Coronin (beta transducin) R01H10.3d Q8T3D5 Coronin (beta transducin) R01H10.4 Q21622 R01H10.5 Q21621 R01H10.6 Q21626 R01H10.7 Q21623 R01H10.8 Q21426 cnk-1 encodes a protein that contains a SAM domain, a PDZ domain, and a PH domain. R01H2.1 Q21631 R01H2.2 Q21628 R01H2.3 Q21629 R01H2.4 Q21630 R01H2.5 Q21632 R01H2.6 Q21633 ubc-18 encodes an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme related to human UBCH7 (OMIM:603731); UBC-18 activity is required for normal growth and reproduction, and UBC-18 functions redundantly with LIN-35/Rb and other class B synthetic multivulval (SynMuv) gene products to regulate pharyngeal morphogenesis during embryonic development; ubc-18 transcripts are detected in the germline, embryos, late larval stages, and adults, suggesting that UBC-18 may function maternally to regulate several aspects of C. elegans development; the substrates of UBC-18 are not yet known. R01H2.7 Q6F6K6 R02C2.1 O44547 R02C2.2 O44546 R02C2.3 O44545 R02C2.4 O44543 R02C2.5 O44544 R02C2.6 Q86S44 R02C2.7 Q7KPV8 R02D1.1 O17082 R02D3.1 O44503 The R02D3.1 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene ALPHA-AMINOADIPATE SEMIALDEHYDE SYNTHASE (AASS; OMIM:605113), which when mutated leads to hyperlysinemia (OMIM:238700). R02D3.2 O44502 R02D3.3 O44499 R02D3.4 O44500 R02D3.5 O44501 R02D3.6 O44504 R02D3.7 O44505 R02D3.8 Q9TZZ9 R02D5.1 Q21636 R02D5.3 Q21635 R02D5.4 Q21634 R02D5.6 Q21638 R02D5.7 O62323 R02E12.2a Q21643 R02E12.2b Q7Z2A5 R02E12.4 Q21641 R02E12.5 Q21640 R02E12.6 Q21642 R02E12.8 Q21645 acr-10 encodes an alpha-7-like homomer-forming subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) superfamily which encode ligand-gated ion channels that regulate fast action of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and in the nervous system; ACR-10 is a member of the ACR-16-like group of nAChR subunits. R02F11.1 O16364 R02F11.2 O16363 R02F11.3a O16365 R02F11.3b Q5ZR77 R02F11.4 O16366 R02F2.1a Q95QC0 R02F2.1b Q95QC1 R02F2.1c Q8IFZ9 R02F2.1d Q8IFZ8 R02F2.2 Q21653 R02F2.4 Q21650 R02F2.5 Q21648 R02F2.6 Q21647 R02F2.7 Q21649 R02F2.8 Q21652 R02F2.9 Q95QC2 R03A10.1 Q21655 R03A10.2 Q21656 R03A10.3 Q21657 R03A10.4a Q8MP09 R03A10.5 Q21660 R03A10.6 Q21659 R03C1.1 O17977 R03C1.3a O17978 The cog-1 gene encodes an ortholog of a Nkx6.1/Gtx homeodomain protein that affects connection of uterus to the vulva and vulval cell specification. R03C1.3b Q8I1K2 Connection Of Gonad defective R03D7.1 Q09582 R03D7.1 is orthologous to the human gene METHIONINE SYNTHASE (MTR; OMIM:156570), which when mutated leads to disease. R03D7.2 Q09594 R03D7.4 Q09413 R03D7.5 Q09595 R03D7.6 Q09596 R03D7.7 Q09597 nos-1 encodes an putative RNA-binding protein that contains a zinc-binding motif homologous to that of Drosophila Nanos, a posterior-group protein required for embryonic patterning and primordial germ cell development; in C. elegans, NOS-1 is required redundantly with NOS-2, a second Nanos homolog, for maintenance of germ cell viability during postembryonic development and for preventing primordial germ cells from dividing in the absence of food; nos-1 mRNA is expressed dynamically in the embryo, with early expression seen throughout the embryo and later expression restricted solely to germline blastomeres; nos-1 mRNA becomes undetectable after the 200-cell stage, but reappears later at the 550-cell stage; NOS-1 protein is not detectable in germline blastomeres until the 550-cell stage, suggesting that NOS-1 might actually function zygotically in germline specification. R03D7.8 Q09598 R03E1.1 Q9XTZ0 R03E1.2 Q9XTY9 R03E1.3 Q9XTY8 R03E1.4 Q69YW8 R03E9.1 Q21663 R03E9.2 Q21662 R03E9.3a Q6AHP5 R03E9.3b Q6AHP4 Anion/Bicarbonate TranSporter family R03E9.4 P52192 R03G5.1a P53013 Paralogs are encoded by H19N07.1, K07A12.4, and other genes. R03G5.1b Q86NF4 Elongation FacTor R03G5.1c Q86NF3 Elongation FacTor R03G5.1d Q86NF5 Elongation FacTor R03G5.2 Q95YI9 SEK-1 has MAPKK activity and belongs to the MAPKK family; SEK-1 can activate both JNK-1 and PMK-1 in the yeast Hog pathway. R03G5.3 Q21667 R03G5.5 Q21666 R03G5.6 Q21668 R03G5.7 Q8MQ01 R03G8.1 Q21671 R03G8.2 Q21670 R03G8.3 Q21672 R03G8.4 Q21673 R03G8.5 O17924 R03G8.6 Q9XVV9 R03H10.1 Q9GYL7 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). R03H10.2 Q9GYM4 R03H10.4 Q9GYM2 R03H10.5 Q9GYM0 R03H10.6 Q9GYL9 R03H10.7 Q9GYL8 R03H4.2 Q21685 R03H4.3 Q21684 R03H4.9 O45697 R04A9.1 Q21695 R04A9.2 Q21691 R04A9.3 Q21692 R04A9.4 Q21693 The ife-2 gene encodes a member of the Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) family. R04A9.5a Q21694 R04A9.5b Q86DC2 R04A9.6 Q95QB9 R04B3.1 Q21696 R04B3.2 Q21697 The R04B3.2 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene LYSOSOMAL GLYCOSYLASPARAGINASE (AGA; OMIM:208400), which when mutated leads to aspartylglucosaminuria (OMIM:208400). R04B3.3 Q21698 R04B5.1 Q21699 R04B5.11 Q21708 R04B5.3 Q21700 R04B5.4 Q21701 R04B5.5 Q21702 R04B5.6 Q21703 R04B5.7 Q21704 R04B5.8 Q21705 R04B5.9 Q21706 R04D3.1 Q27508 R04D3.10 Q20482 R04D3.12 Q9U399 R04D3.2 Q21712 R04D3.3 Q21713 R04D3.4 Q21711 R04D3.6 Q21714 R04D3.7 Q21715 R04D3.8 Q21716 R04D3.9 Q21717 R04E5.10a Q86DC6 All eleven intermediate filament proteins exhibit a lamin-like length of the coil 1b domain, but only the A and B subgroups have a lamin homology segment in the tail domain. R04E5.10b Q86DC6 Intermediate Filament, D R04E5.2 Q9GYL2 However, the conserved ACD domain has been predicted to have transmembrane sequences, at least one ACD homolog (Mam3p in S. cerevisiae) is localized to the vacuolar membrane, and recent work has shown that murine Acdp1 in hippocampal neurons is primarily located in the plasma membrane. R04E5.7 Q9GYL5 R04E5.8a Q9GYL4 R04E5.8b Q86DC5 R04E5.9 Q9GYL3 R04F11.1 Q21731 R04F11.1 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; R04F11.1 is worm-specific, with obvious homologs only in C. elegans; R04F11.1 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. R04F11.2 Q21732 R04F11.3 Q21730 R04F11.4 Q21729 twk-13 encodes one of 44 C. elegans TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channel subunits that contain two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane domains; as loss of TWK-13 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of TWK-13 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; however, TWK-13 likely functions redundantly with other TWK channels; the TWK-13 expression pattern has not been determined. R04F11.5 Q8WQD7 R05A10.1 O45699 R05A10.2 O45698 R05A10.3 O45701 R05A10.4 O45700 R05A10.5 O45702 R05A10.6 O45703 R05A10.7 O45704 R05A10.8 O45705 R05C11.1 Q9TYQ0 R05C11.2 Q9TYQ1 R05C11.3 Q9TYP9 R05D11.1 Q21733 R05D11.3 Q21735 ran-4 encodes a ortholog of NUCLEAR TRANSPORT FACTOR 2 (NTF2) from S. cerevisiae and metazoa, which is predicted to interact with nucleoporins and to promote transport of RAN-1(+GDP) into the nucleus; RAN-4/NTF2 proteins are paralogous to the N-terminal domain of RasGAP SH3 binding proteins such as Drosophila RASPUTIN, and to delta-5-3-ketosteroid isomerases, while having no homology to Ran proteins per se; RAN-4 is essential for early embryogenesis; in mass RNAi assays, ran-4 is needed for embryonic viability, normally rapid growth, fertility, and normal pronuclear envelopes in the embryo. R05D11.4 Q21736 R05D11.5 Q21737 R05D11.6 Q21738 R05D11.7 Q21739 R05D11.8 Q21740 R05D11.9 Q95ZR2 R05D3.1 P34534 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. R05D3.11 P34544 R05D3.12 Q8MQ00 R05D3.2 P34535 R05D3.2 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR MGC:16889) (C7orf2; OMIM:605522), which when mutated leads to disease. R05D3.3 P34536 R05D3.4a P34537 R05D3.4b Q65ZS6 Ring Finger Protein, UBC associated R05D3.6 P34539 R05D3.7 P34540 R05D3.8 P34541 R05D3.9 P34542 R05D7.1 Q9XVK8 R05D7.2 O45706 R05D7.3 Q9XVK7 R05D7.4 O45707 R05D7.5 O45708 R05D8.10 Q9N5G1 dhs-15 encodes a member of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. R05D8.2 Q9N5F9 R05D8.3 Q9N5G0 R05D8.4 Q9N5G7 R05D8.5 Q9N5G6 R05D8.6 Q9N5G5 R05D8.8 Q9N5G3 dhs-14 encodes a short chain-type of alcohol/other dehydrogenase, more similar to 18 paralogs in C. elegans than to any non-worm protein; it is dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens. R05F9.10 Q21746 R05F9.11 Q21749 R05F9.12 Q21750 R05F9.13 P53017 msp-31 encodes a member of the major sperm protein family; expression is enriched in sperm. R05F9.1a Q21748 R05F9.1b Q21747 R05F9.1c Q86NF2 R05F9.1d Q7JP41 R05F9.3 P53018 R05F9.4 Q8MP11 R05F9.5a Q21743 gst-9 encodes a predicted glutathione S-transferase; by homology, GST-9 is predicted to play a role in the detoxification of environmental toxins and xenobiotics by transferring glutathione to reactive electrophilic compounds; however, as loss of gst-9 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of GST-9 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. R05F9.5b Q21743 glutathione S-transferase R05F9.6 Q21742 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. R05F9.7 Q21741 R05F9.8 P53019 R05F9.9 Q21745 R05G6.1 Q21760 R05G6.10 Q21758 R05G6.4 Q21755 R05G6.5 Q21753 R05G6.6 Q21751 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. R05G6.7 Q21752 R05G6.8 Q21754 R05G6.9 Q21756 R05G9.1 Q966H0 R05G9.2a Q966H2 R05G9.2b Q65XY3 R05G9.3 Q966H1 R05G9R.1 Q965Y7 R05H10.1 O62324 R05H10.2 O62325 R05H10.3a O62326 R05H10.3b Q6EUT6 R05H10.5 O62327 R05H10.6 O62328 cdh-7 encodes a protein that contains a cadherin domain. R05H10.7 Q7YTM1 R05H11.1 Q21761 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). R05H11.2 Q8IFZ7 R05H5.1 Q21767 R05H5.2 Q21762 a homolog of dual specificity phosphatase Cdc25. R05H5.3 Q21763 R05H5.4 Q21764 R05H5.5 Q21765 R05H5.6 P54141 R05H5.7 Q21766 R06A10.1 O44746 R06A10.2 O18678 gsa-1 is orthologous to the human gene GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN (G PROTEIN), ALPHA STIMULATING ACTIVITY POLYPEPTIDE 1 (GNAS; OMIM:139320), which when mutated leads to pseudohypoparathyroidism, type IA (OMIM:103580) and McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS; OMIM:174800). R06A10.3 O44745 R06A10.4 O44747 R06A4.10a Q9U398 acr-20 encodes an alpha 7-like homomer-forming subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) superfamily which encode ligand-gated ion channels that regulate fast action of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and in the nervous system; ACR-20 is a member of the DEG-3-like group of nAChR subunits which appears to be unique to nematodes. R06A4.10b Q7JKI4 AcetylCholine Receptor R06A4.2 O62329 R06A4.3 O62330 R06A4.4a O62332 R06A4.4b O62333 importin beta, nuclear transport factor R06A4.6 O62331 R06A4.7 O17514 mes-2 encodes a SET domain-containing protein that is orthologous to the Drosophila Polycomb group protein Enhancer of zeste [E(Z)]; as a member of a Polycomb-like chromatin repressive complex with MES-3 and MES-6, MES-2 is required maternally for normal germline development and during larval development, for anteroposterior patterning; during germline development, the MES-2/MES-3/MES-6 complex is believed to be essential for maintaining repression of the X chromosome, and in transgenic animals, the complex is necessary for germline repression of repetitive transgenes; in axial patterning, the MES-2/MES-3/MES-6 complex is required in somatic tissues for maintaining homeotic gene repression, acting upstream of the Hox genes lin-39, mab-5, and egl-5, as well as the egl-5 target gene lin-32; in addition, MES-2 activity is required for normal levels and localization of MES-3 in >24-cell-stage embryos; MES-2 expression is detected in the primordial germ cells and germline nuclei throughout development, in all nuclei in early embryos, and in somatic nuclei, including those of the male tail, in L2 and L3 larvae; in the nucleus, MES-2 appears to localize to chromatin. R06A4.8 O62334 R06A4.8 is orthologous to the human gene GLYCOGEN DEBRANCHING ENZYME ISOFORM 6 (AGL; OMIM:232400), which when mutated leads to glycogen storage disease, type III. R06A4.9 Q9NAN8 R06B10.1 O44875 R06B10.2 O44874 R06B10.3 O44871 R06B10.4a O44872 R06B10.4b Q8I6Y9 TRP (transient receptor potential) channel family R06B10.5 O44873 R06B10.7 Q8IA65 R06B9.1 O17981 R06B9.2 O17984 R06B9.3 O17982 R06B9.4 O17983 R06B9.5 Q9U397 R06B9.6 Q7YWX7 R06C1.1 O62339 hda-3 encodes a member of the histone deacetylase family most similar to human histone deacetylase 1 (HD1) that affects radiation sensitivity. R06C1.2 O62336 R06C1.3 Q9XVK6 wve-1 encodes a homolog of the mammalian WAVE protein; based on homology WVE-1 might be involved in actin cytoskeletal dynamics; wve-1 is required for early cell migrations in the epidermis during embryonic morphogenesis and may require gex-2 and gex-3 for its function. R06C1.4 O62337 R06C1.6 O62338 R06C7.1 Q21770 R06C7.10 P02567 let-75 encodes a pharynx-specific type II myosin heavy chain (MHC D); LET-75 is required for pharyngeal muscle contraction and thus for normal feeding behavior and post-embryonic development; in vitro, the LET-75 tail domain interacts with ITR-1, an IP3 receptor, and this interaction has been proposed to mediate, in vivo, increased pharnygeal pumping in response to food; LET-75 is expressed exclusively in pharyngeal muscle. R06C7.2 Q21772 R06C7.3 Q21773 The R06C7.3 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene DPYS, which when mutated leads to dihydropyrimidinuria (OMIM:222748). R06C7.4 Q21771 R06C7.5a Q21774 The R06C7.5 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene ADSL, which when mutated leads to adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency (OMIM:103050). R06C7.5b Q8I4G8 R06C7.6 Q21775 R06C7.7 Q21769 LIN-61 is predicted to be a nuclear protein and is part of an operon with R06C7.5a and .5b, which encode adenylosuccinate lyase. R06C7.8 Q21776 bub-1 encodes a serine/threonine kinase orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae BUB1 which is required for proper function of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint and human BUB1 (OMIM:602452) which is mutated in some colorectal cancers; BUB-1 activity is required at several stages of development, including embryogenesis; BUB-1 is expressed predominantly in the anterior of the embryo and in hypodermal seam cells during the L1 and L2 larval stages. R06C7.9 Q21777 R06F6.1 Q09599 The general role of CDL-1, as in other metazoa, appears to be to promote S-phase-specific expression of replication-dependent histone genes. R06F6.11 Q09418 R06F6.12 Q6BEV5 R06F6.2 Q09600 R06F6.4 Q09415 R06F6.5a Q09601 R06F6.5b O62340 Nuclear Pore complex Protein R06F6.6 Q09602 R06F6.7 Q09416 R06F6.8a Q09417 R06F6.8b Q09417 R06F6.9 Q09603 R07A4.1 O62350 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. R07A4.2 Q21780 R07A4.3 Q21781 R07A4.4 Q21782 R07B1.1 Q09604 vab-15 animals have other, variable, defects: embryonic or larval lethality, cell degenerations, malformation of the posterior body, uncoordinated movement, and defective egg laying. R07B1.10 Q09610 R07B1.11 Q7YWU6 R07B1.12 Q7YWU5 R07B1.2 Q09605 R07B1.3 Q09606 R07B1.4 Q09607 R07B1.5 Q09419 R07B1.6 Q09420 R07B1.7 Q09421 R07B1.8 Q09608 R07B1.9 Q09609 R07B5.3 Q21784 R07B5.4 Q21785 R07B5.5 Q21786 R07B5.6 Q21787 R07B5.7 Q21788 R07B5.8a Q21789 The components of the compensasome are generally conserved in metazoa: they thus are likely to act as a functional unit in C. elegans and other metazoa, and not merely in Drosophila alone. R07B5.8b Q6BET6 zinc finger protein R07B5.9 Q8MPZ9 R07B7.1 Q9BHB2 clh-6 encodes a voltage-gated chloride channel orthologous to the human CLCN7 chloride channel (OMIM:602727, which when mutated lead to osteopetrosis); although the precise role of CLH-6 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known, CLH-6 expression is detected in two GABA-ergic neurons, RMEL and RMER, suggesting that CLH-6 could play a role in membrane excitability and/or GABA packaging; as CLH-6 is also detected in many non-neuronal tissues, such as the gut and body wall muscle, it could also have a broader role in such as processes as transepithelial transport and muscle excitation. R07B7.10 Q21800 R07B7.11 Q21801 The R07B7.11 gene is also homologous to human GLA, which when mutated leads to angiokeratoma (OMIM:301500). R07B7.12 Q21802 R07B7.13 Q21803 R07B7.14 Q21804 R07B7.15 Q21805 R07B7.16 Q21806 R07B7.2 Q95QM1 R07B7.3 Q21793 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R07B7.4 Q21794 R07B7.5 Q21795 R07B7.6 Q21796 R07B7.7 Q21797 R07B7.8 Q21799 R07B7.9 Q21798 R07C12.1 O44525 R07C12.2 O44524 R07C12.3 O44523 R07C12.4 Q95X68 R07C3.1 O16778 R07C3.10 O16766 R07C3.11 O16765 R07C3.12 O16770 R07C3.13 O16772 R07C3.14 O16773 R07C3.2 O16777 R07C3.3 O16776 R07C3.4 O16775 R07C3.5 O16774 R07C3.6 O16771 R07C3.7 O16769 R07C3.8 O16768 R07C3.9 O16767 R07D5.1 Q03412 Both touch and ivermectin responses mediated by UNC-7 may depend on electrical coupling of the RIA and I1 neurons by UNC-7-dependent gap junctions. R07D5.2 Q21807 R07E3.1 Q21810 R07E3.2 Q21814 R07E3.3 Q21808 R07E3.4 Q21809 R07E3.5 Q21812 R07E3.6 Q21811 R07E3.7 Q21813 R07E4.1a Q5WRT6 R07E4.1b Q5WRT5 R07E4.3 Q21817 R07E4.4 Q21815 R07E4.5 Q21816 R07E4.6a P30625 kin-2 encodes a predicted regulatory subunit of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase that may act downstream of, or in parallel to, ric-8. R07E4.6b Q95ZR1 protein KINase R07E5.1 Q21827 R07E5.10 Q21826 This gene encodes a homolog of mammalian PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH 2 (PDCD2). R07E5.11 Q21822 R07E5.12 Q21833 R07E5.13 Q21828 This gene encodes a homolog of mammalian BRAIN PROTEIN 44-LIKE (BRP44L). R07E5.14 Q21832 rnp-4 encodes a putative member of the exon-exon junction complex, orthologous to Y14 in S. cerevisiae and TSUNAGI in D. melanogaster; RNP-4 is required for embryonic viability, fertility, vulval development, and cuticular integrity; however, rnp-4(RNAi) animals show no accumulation of poly(A)+ mRNA in their nuclei, indicating that RNP-4 is dispensable for mRNA export. R07E5.15 O62342 R07E5.17 Q7YWU4 R07E5.2 Q21824 R07E5.3 Q21831 The R07E5.3 gene is orthologous to the human gene SWI/SNF-RELATED, MATRIX-ASSOCIATED, ACTIN-DEPENDENT REGULATOR OF CHROMATIN, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 (SMARCB1; OMIM:601607), which when mutated leads to malignant rhabdoid tumor or to familiar posterior fossa brain tumors of infancy. R07E5.4 Q21830 R07E5.5 Q21825 R07E5.6 Q21823 R07E5.7 Q21821 R07E5.8 Q21829 cku-80 encodes an ortholog of the mammalian XRCC5 gene (also known as Ku autoantigen, 80kD; OMIM:194364), whose product is a subunit of ATP-dependent DNA helicase II and promotes repair by the nonhomologous end-joining pathway; RNA interference of cku-80 results in increased life span though the mechanism seems to be unrelated to nonhomologous end-joining or telomere maintenance; cku-80 is at least superficially dispensable for viability and gross morphology in RNAi assays. R07G3.1 Q05062 The cdc-42 gene encodes a RHO GTPase which controls polarity of both individual cells and developing embryos by regulating the localization of PAR proteins; it is expressed at hypodermal cell boundaries. R07G3.2 Q09611 R07G3.3a Q5WRT8 R07G3.3b Q5WRT9 R07G3.5 Q09422 R07G3.6 Q09423 R07G3.7a Q09424 R07G3.7b Q09424 R07G3.8 Q09387 R07G3.9 Q5WRU0 R07H5.1 Q93930 R07H5.10 Q95QT1 R07H5.11 Q8MYP7 R07H5.2 Q17831 R07H5.2 is orthologous to the human gene CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE II (CPT2; OMIM:600650), which when mutated leads to disease. R07H5.3a Q93931 R07H5.3b Q7JL05 R07H5.4 Q93932 R07H5.7 P90944 R07H5.8 Q93934 R07H5.9 Q93935 R08A2.1 Q9U396 R08A2.2 Q9U395 R08A2.3 Q9U393 R08A2.4 Q9U392 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). R08A2.5 Q9U394 R08A2.7 Q7YWU8 R08B4.1a Q21835 grd-1 encodes a protein that contains a Hog domain (has similarity to Hedgehog) and a novel Ground domain that is closely related to GRD-2 and GRD-11; expressed in the rectal cells of larvae and adults. R08B4.1b Q7YXC8 groundhog R08B4.2 Q21836 R08B4.2 is also homologous to human PAX3, which when mutated leads to Waardenburg syndrome (OMIM:193500). R08B4.3 Q9XVW5 R08B4.4 Q8MPZ8 R08B4.5 Q7YWW1 R08C7.1 Q21845 R08C7.10a Q21843 R08C7.10b Q95ZR0 R08C7.10c Q95ZQ9 R08C7.11 Q21846 R08C7.12 Q9GQ60 R08C7.13 Q86MH2 R08C7.2a Q21844 R08C7.2b Q86MH1 R08C7.3 Q27511 R08C7.4 Q21841 R08C7.5 Q21839 R08C7.6 Q21837 R08C7.7 Q21838 R08C7.8 Q21840 R08C7.9 Q21842 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). R08D7.1 P30640 R08D7.2 P30641 R08D7.3 P30642 In S. pombe, Moe1 and Yin6, the EIF-3.D and EIF-3.E homologs, respectively, directly interact. R08D7.4 P30643 R08D7.5 P30644 R08D7.6a P30645 R08D7.6b P30645 PhosphoDiEsterase R08D7.6c Q65ZC7 PhosphoDiEsterase R08D7.7 P30646 R08D7.8 Q86NF0 R08E3.1a Q21850 R08E3.1b Q7Z1P7 R08E3.2 Q21849 R08E3.3a Q21848 R08E3.3b Q7JP60 R08E3.4a Q5WRS1 R08E3.4b Q5WRS2 R08E5.1 O01594 R08E5.2a O01592 R08E5.2b Q86NC6 R08E5.2c Q86NC5 R08E5.3 O01593 R08E5.4 O01595 R08F11.1 O01893 R08F11.2 O01890 R08F11.3 O02641 R08F11.4 O01889 R08F11.5 O01888 R08F11.6 O01891 R08F11.7 O01892 R08H2.1 O45709 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. R08H2.10 O17992 R08H2.13 O45710 R08H2.2 O17996 R08H2.3 O17986 R08H2.4 O17987 R08H2.5 O17988 R08H2.7 O17990 R08H2.8 O17995 R08H2.9 O17991 R09A1.1 O61931 R09A1.2 O61932 R09A1.3 O61933 R09A1.4 O61934 R09A1.5 Q95X32 R09A8.1 Q21852 R09A8.2 Q21853 R09A8.3 Q21854 R09A8.4 Q21855 R09A8.5 Q21856 R09B3.1 O45711 exo-3 encodes an ortholog of human APEX/REF1 and rat apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (AP endonuclease 1); EXO-3 is implicated in a DNA damage checkpoint pathway that affects embryonic and larval viability. R09B3.2 O45712 R09B3.3 O45713 R09B3.4 Q9XVK5 The ubc-12 gene encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme whose substrate is NED-8, and which is required for both embryogenesis and terminal hypodermal differentiation; ubc-12(RNAi) mutants either arrest during embryonic development or show pleotropic defects (e.g., vulval eversion during the L4 stage), as well as defective alae. R09B3.5 P49029 R09B5.1 O44617 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). R09B5.10 O44614 R09B5.11 O44616 R09B5.12 O44609 R09B5.2 O44615 R09B5.3 O44611 R09B5.4 O44607 R09B5.4 is orthologous to the human gene HYPOTHETICAL PROTEIN (SLC11A3; OMIM:604653), which when mutated leads to disease. R09B5.5 O44606 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R09B5.6 O44608 R09B5.7 O44610 R09B5.8 O44612 R09B5.9 O44613 R09D1.1 Q21857 R09D1.10 Q21866 R09D1.11 Q21870 R09D1.12 Q21867 R09D1.13 Q21868 R09D1.14 Q9NAN7 R09D1.2 Q21858 R09D1.3 Q21859 R09D1.4 Q21860 R09D1.5 Q21861 R09D1.6 Q21862 R09D1.7 Q21863 R09D1.8 Q21864 R09D1.9 Q21865 R09E10.1 Q21876 R09E10.2 Q21877 R09E10.3 Q21872 R09E10.4 Q21873 R09E10.5 Q21874 R09E10.6 Q21871 R09E10.7 Q21875 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R09E10.8 Q9U391 R09E10.9 Q6BEU1 R09E12.4 Q9GUE6 R09F10.1 Q23030 R09F10.2 Q27383 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R09F10.3 Q23026 R09F10.4 Q23027 inx-5 encodes a predicted member of the innexin family; expressed in the embryonic hypodermis, developing vulva, seam cells, and spermatheca. R09F10.5 Q23028 R09F10.6 Q23029 R09F10.7 Q27383 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R09F10.8 Q23031 R09F10.9 Q9TY06 R09G11.1 Q17374 R09G11.2a Q21878 Like all C. elegans nuclear receptors, NHR-1 is presently an orphan receptor. R09G11.2b Q7Z1P6 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family R09G11.2c Q21878 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family R09G11.2d Q7Z1P5 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family R09H10.1 Q21880 R09H10.2 Q21881 R09H10.3 Q21882 R09H10.3 is orthologous to the human gene TRANSTHYRETIN (PREALBUMIN, AMYLOIDOSIS TYPE I) (TTR; OMIM:176300), which when mutated leads to disease. R09H10.4 Q21883 R09H10.5 Q21884 R09H10.6 Q7YTK4 R09H10.7 Q7YTK3 R09H3.1 Q21885 R09H3.3 Q9U390 R102.1 Q21887 R102.10 Q6A4J7 R102.2 Q21888 R102.3 Q21889 R102.4a Q21890 R102.4b Q21890 R102.5a Q21891 R102.5b Q9U389 R102.6 Q21892 R102.7 Q21893 R102.8 Q9U388 R102.9 Q7YWV3 R105.1 Q21897 R106.1 Q23032 R106.2 Q23033 R107.1 P32739 R107.2 P32740 R107.4a P32742 R107.4b P32742 R107.4c P32742 R107.5a P32743 R107.5b Q9U387 R107.6 P32744 cls-2 encodes one of three predicted orthologs of mammalian CLASPs and of Drosophila ORBIT/MAST, microtubule-binding proteins required for fibroblast polarization and mitosis; cls-2 is required in mass RNAi assays for embryonic development and normal mitotic spindles; it has been claimed that, in an RNAi screen of potential microtubule tip-binding proteins, only cls-2(RNAi) yielded embryonic lethality and meiotic defects. R107.7 P10299 gst-1 encodes a putative glutathione S-transferase with highest similarity to the pi class. R107.8 P14585 ppp and Z4.aaa, ABplaa descendants, ABplpa descendants, and the intestinal primordium. R10A10.1 P91403 R10A10.2 P91404 The R10A10.2 gene encodes an ortholog of the mammalian zinc RING finger protein SAG, which protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents and is a component of ubiquitin-ligase (E3) complexes; mammalian SAG binds to the yeast Cul1 protein, complements the lethality of a mutation in yeast Sag, and (when bound to yeast Cul1) has ubiquitin ligase activity and promotes poly-ubiquitination of E2/Cdc34. R10D12.1 Q9XVK0 R10D12.10 Q9XVK4 R10D12.11 O17997 R10D12.12 P92012 R10D12.13a Q9XVJ7 R10D12.13b Q9U385 R10D12.13c Q9U386 R10D12.14 Q9XVJ6 R10D12.15 P92013 R10D12.17 Q7YWV5 R10D12.2 Q9XVK1 DPR-1 is dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens. R10D12.4 Q9XVK3 R10D12.5 Q9XVJ9 R10D12.6 P92009 R10D12.7 Q9XVJ8 R10D12.8 P92010 R10D12.9 P92011 R10E11.1a P34545 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R10E11.1b P34545 CBP/p300 homolog R10E11.2 P34546 R10E11.3a P34547 R10E11.3b P34547 R10E11.4 P34548 sqv-3 L4 stage animals derived from sqv/+ hermaphrodites show significantly reduced levels of chondroitin-derived disaccharides and dramatic reductions in chondroitin-modified proteoglycans; sqv-3 mutants do not fully abolish chondroitin biosynthesis despite maternal lethality and despite having stop codons (and thus probably being null alleles), indicating that significant maternal SQV-3 activity exists in vivo. R10E11.5 P34549 R10E11.6 P34550 R10E11.7 P34551 R10E11.8 Q21898 vha-1 encodes a 16-kDa proteolipid of the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and required for embryogenesis and for oocyte ovulation, based on RNAi analysis: expressed in the excretory cells and the rectum of adult animals as well as in a pair of cells posterior to the anus. R10E11.9 P90945 R10E12.1a P34552 R10E12.1b Q8I115 ALIX (Apoptosis-linked gene 2 interacting protein X) homolog R10E12.1c Q8I114 ALIX (Apoptosis-linked gene 2 interacting protein X) homolog R10E12.1d Q7YXC7 ALIX (Apoptosis-linked gene 2 interacting protein X) homolog R10E12.2 P34553 R10E4.1 Q21899 R10E4.11 Q21907 R10E4.2a Q7JMB8 R10E4.2b Q21900 RNA recognition motif. (aka RRM, RBD, or RNP domain) (2 domains) R10E4.2c Q7Z204 R10E4.3 Q21901 R10E4.4 Q21902 R10E4.5 P54137 R10E4.6 Q21903 R10E4.7 Q21904 R10E4.9 Q21905 R10E8.1 O17998 R10E8.2 O17999 R10E8.3 Q9XUR7 R10E8.4 Q9XUR9 R10E8.5 Q9XUR8 R10E8.6 Q9U384 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). R10E8.8 Q8I4G7 R10E9.1 Q21911 R10E9.2 Q21910 R10E9.3 Q20115 R10H1.1 Q10043 R10H1.2 Q09344 R10H1.4 Q8MPZ7 R10H10.1 Q21915 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. R10H10.2 Q10579 spe-26 encodes a Kelch motif-containing protein similar to the Drosophila proteins kelch and diablo and the Limulus (horseshoe crab) actin-bundling protein scruin; SPE-26 activity is required for several processes including embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, thermotolerance, and regulation of lifespan; SPE-26 mRNA is detected in spermatogonial cells and spermatocytes, but not in spermatids. R10H10.3 Q21916 R10H10.4 Q21914 R10H10.5 Q21917 gpa-7 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases that affects egg laying and response to water- soluble odorants; it is expressed in excitable cells. R10H10.6 Q21918 R10H10.7 Q19378 R11.1 O62347 R11.2 O62346 R11.3 O62345 R11.4 O62344 R119.1 O61712 R119.2 O61710 R119.3 O61709 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. R119.4 O61708 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R119.5 O61706 R119.6 O61707 In taf-4(RNAi) embryos, antibody staining specific for PSer5 and PSer2 of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) reveals patterns consistent with transcriptional inactivation: PSer5 is detected in two distinct nuclear foci, and PSer2 staining is severely reduced. R119.7 O61711 R11A5.1a O45718 apt-6 encodes an adaptin, orthologous to the beta3 subunit of adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3); based on structural similarity, APT-6 may be involved in the formation of intracellular transport vesicles. R11A5.1b O62348 AdaPTin or adaptin-related protein R11A5.2 O45717 R11A5.3 O02285 R11A5.4a O02286 R11A5.4b Q7JKI1 R11A5.4c Q7JKI3 R11A5.4d Q7JKI2 R11A5.5 O45715 R11A5.6 O45716 R11A5.7 Q9XU75 R11A8.1 Q21923 R11A8.2 Q21924 R11A8.3 Q21922 R11A8.4 Q21921 Yeast SIR2 protein mediates chromatin silencing through a histone deacetylase activity that requires the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). R11A8.5 Q21925 R11A8.6 Q21926 R11A8.7a Q21920 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R11A8.7b Q9TW88 R11A8.8 Q7YWW5 R11B5.1 Q21928 R11D1.10 Q21938 R11D1.11 Q21929 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. R11D1.1a Q7JLF4 R11D1.1b Q21934 WD domain, G-beta repeat R11D1.2 Q21935 R11D1.3 Q21932 R11D1.4 Q21931 R11D1.5 Q21936 R11D1.6 Q21937 R11D1.7 Q21933 R11D1.8 Q21930 rpl-28 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L28 protein. R11D1.9 Q21939 R11E3.1 Q9TYX4 R11E3.2 Q9TYX7 R11E3.3 Q9TYX8 R11E3.4 Q9TYX6 R11E3.5a Q8MXE6 R11E3.5b Q8MXE5 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family R11E3.5c Q86PJ5 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family R11E3.6 Q9TYX3 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R11E3.7a Q9TYX2 R11E3.7b Q8MXE4 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Four (IV) family R11E3.8 Q9TYX1 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. R11F4.1 Q21944 The R11F4.1 gene encodes a homolog of human glycerol kinase (GK), which when mutated leads to hyperglycerolemia (glycerol kinase deficiency; OMIM:307030). R11F4.2a Q21943 R11F4.2b Q7JPB1 R11F4.3 Q21941 R11G1.1 Q21948 R11G1.2 Q21947 R11G1.3 Q21945 R11G1.4a Q9NB00 sax-1 and sax-2 mutations genetically interact with tax-4 and unc-43 mutations, and with RhoA dominant negative or gain-of-function mutations. R11G1.4b Q8IFZ6 Sensory AXon guidance R11G1.6a Q8MPZ6 R11G1.6b Q8MPZ5 R11G1.6c Q7Z1P9 R11G1.6d Q7Z1P8 R11G10.1a Q9TW41 When expressed heterologously in Xenopus oocytes, AVR-15a forms a homomeric channel that is ivermectin-sensitive and glutamate-gated. R11G10.1b Q95PJ6 glutamate-gated chloride channel R11G10.2 Q21950 R11G11.1 O16961 R11G11.12 O16954 R11G11.13 O16955 R11G11.14 O16956 R11G11.2a O16960 R11G11.2b Q86S54 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family R11G11.3 O16959 R11G11.5 O16957 R11G11.6 O16949 R11G11.7 O16948 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R11G11.9 O16951 R11H6.1 O18000 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. R11H6.2 O45719 R11H6.3 O18001 R11H6.4 O18002 R11H6.5 O62349 R12A1.2 O16700 R12A1.3 O16701 R12A1.4 Q04457 R12B2.2 Q21954 R12B2.3 Q21953 R12B2.4 Q21952 R12B2.5a Q21955 R12B2.5b Q8MPZ3 MeDiaTor R12B2.6 P45898 R12B2.7 Q8MPZ4 R12C12.1a Q21962 R12C12.1 is orthologous to human GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE (GLDC; OMIM:238300), which when mutated leads to glycine encephalopathy. R12C12.1b Q86LS6 R12C12.2 Q21961 ran-5 encodes a protein containing a RanBP1 domain, domains which are predicted to interact with Ran proteins to inhibit dissociation of GTP and to stimulate GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis by Ran, that affects body morphology, locomotion, and embryonic viability. R12C12.3 Q21957 R12C12.4 Q21958 R12C12.5 Q21959 R12C12.6 Q21960 R12C12.7 Q21963 R12C12.8a Q21964 R12C12.8b Q86LS5 R12C12.9a Q21956 R12C12.9b Q8IFZ5 R12E2.1 O61795 R12E2.10 O61789 R12E2.11 O61790 R12E2.12 O61791 R12E2.13 O61793 R12E2.14 O61782 R12E2.15 O61781 R12E2.2 O61794 R12E2.3 O61792 R12E2.4a O61788 R12E2.4b O61788 INneXin R12E2.5 O61787 inx-16 encodes an innexin, an integral transmembrane channel protein that is a structural component of invertebrate gap junctions; as loss of INX-16 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of INX-16 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; the INX-16 expression pattern has not been determined. R12E2.6 O61783 R12E2.7 O61784 R12E2.8 O61785 R12E2.9 O61786 R12G8.1 O45720 R12G8.2 Q9XTV6 R12H7.1 O01393 unc-9 encodes an innexin, an integral transmembrane channel protein that is a structural component of invertebrate gap junctions; UNC-9 is required for normal forward locomotion and egg-laying and also plays a role in the response to antihelminthics and volatile anesthetics; UNC-9 may form a functional pair with UNC-7, another C. elegans innexin, as mutations in unc-7 result in defects nearly identical to those in unc-9 mutant animals. R12H7.2 Q21966 ASP-4 and ASP-3 share a potential N-glycosylation site that is common in non-lysosomal cathepsin E proteases. R12H7.3 Q21968 skr-19 is distantly paralogous to skr-20 and skr-21; these three genes are physically clustered in a 3.7 kb region on chromosome X. R12H7.4 Q21967 R12H7.5 Q21969 skr-20 is distantly paralogous to skr-19 and skr-21; these three genes are physically clustered in a 3.7 kb region on chromosome X. R13.1 Q21971 R13.2 Q21972 R13.3 Q21973 R13.4 Q21970 R134.1 Q10028 gcy-3 is predicted to encode a guanylate cyclase. R134.2 Q10029 gcy-2 encodes a predicted transmembrane guanylyl cyclase; as loss of gcy-2 activity via RNA-mediated interference does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of GCY-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; by sequence similarity, however, GCY-2 can be predicted to function in chemosensory signal transduction. R13A1.1 Q21979 R13A1.2 Q21977 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. R13A1.3 Q21975 R13A1.4 Q21974 Gain-of-function mutations, which originally defined unc-8, result in neuronal degeneration and severe uncoordination. R13A1.5 Q95ZQ7 R13A1.7 Q21976 R13A1.8 Q21978 R13A1.9 Q7YXH3 R13A5.10 Q95Y87 R13A5.11 Q95Y86 R13A5.12 Q95Y89 R13A5.1a Q9BJ56 More generally, examination with the NCBI CDD domain database also shows an ion transport protein motif (pfam:00520) in the C-terminal region (residues ~380 to ~550) of CUP-5. R13A5.1b Q8WSP3 Coelomocyte UPtake defective R13A5.1c Q8T877 Coelomocyte UPtake defective R13A5.1d Q8T666 Coelomocyte UPtake defective R13A5.3 Q95Y92 R13A5.4 Q95Y94 R13A5.5 P17488 a homolog of Hox genes of labial/Hox1 type; affects viability, body shape and anterior patterning during embryogenesis, interacts genetically with hox genes; and is expressed in A, D, E and MS lineages in the early embryo, and in the anterior dorsal hypodermal cells, anterior body wall muscle cells, and in the cells of the prospective ventral nerve cord at the comma stage; and in the ventral nerve cord and and ventral and dorsal hypodermal cells in L1 larvae. R13A5.6 Q95Y93 R13A5.7 Q95Y91 R13A5.8 Q95Y90 rpl-9 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L9 protein that affects fertility and embryonic viability. R13A5.9 Q95Y88 R13D11.1 O17016 R13D11.10 Q965M0 R13D11.3 O17015 R13D11.4 O17014 R13D11.5 O17011 R13D11.6 O17010 R13D11.7 O17012 R13D11.8 O17013 R13D11.9 O17017 R13D7.1 Q966G3 R13D7.10 Q966G5 R13D7.2a Q966G4 R13D7.2b Q86S82 R13D7.3 Q966G6 R13D7.4 Q966G7 R13D7.6 Q966G9 R13D7.7 Q966G8 R13F6.1 Q95QB8 R13F6.10 Q21986 R13F6.2 Q21985 R13F6.3 P46564 R13F6.4a Q21980 R13F6.4b Q8MPZ2 Temporarily Assigned Gene name R13F6.4c Q8I7J1 Temporarily Assigned Gene name R13F6.5 Q21981 R13F6.6a Q21982 R13F6.6b Q8I7J0 mammalian ZAK kinase homolog R13F6.8 Q21984 R13F6.9 P45896 R13G10.1 P48996 SDC-1, SDC-2, and SDC-3 proteins form a complex (detectable by coimmunoprecipitation); these three proteins, in turn, colocalize with DPY-26, DPY-27, and MIX-1 proteins both on a transgenic her-1(+) array and on the X chromosome. R13G10.2 Q21988 R13G10.4 Q18498 However, the conserved ACD domain has been predicted to have transmembrane sequences, at least one ACD homolog (Mam3p in S. cerevisiae) is localized to the vacuolar membrane, and recent work has shown that murine Acdp1 in hippocampal neurons is primarily located in the plasma membrane. R13H4.1 P90948 R13H4.3 P90949 R13H4.4 P90947 R13H4.5 P90951 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). R13H4.6 P90952 R13H4.7 P90946 R13H4.8 Q7YWV7 R13H7.1 Q21991 R13H7.2a Q8MPZ0 R13H7.2b Q8MPZ1 R13H7.2c Q86MH3 R13H8.1a O16850 This metal resistance does not appear to be correlated with expression of metallothioneins, and thus may instead be mediated by stress proteins. R13H8.1b O16849 abnormal DAuer Formation R13H8.1c O18676 abnormal DAuer Formation R13H8.1d Q8MXI0 abnormal DAuer Formation R13H8.1e Q86S42 abnormal DAuer Formation R13H9.1 Q966G0 R13H9.2 Q17856 msp-57 encodes a member of the major sperm protein family. R13H9.4 P53017 R13H9.5 Q966G2 R13H9.6 Q966G1 R144.1 Q09997 klp-6 encodes a predicted monomeric kinesin and member of the UNC-104 family. R144.10 Q9BI75 R144.11 Q95QB7 R144.12 Q629J5 R144.2a Q09345 R144.2b Q8IFZ4 R144.3 Q09998 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. R144.4a Q09999 R144.4b Q8WT46 R144.5 Q09346 R144.6 Q629J4 R144.7 Q21992 R144.9 Q9BI74 R148.1 O17269 R148.2 O17268 R148.3a O17267 R148.3b Q8ITY8 R148.4 O17266 R148.5a O17265 R148.5b Q8ITY9 R148.6 O17271 R148.7 O17270 R151.1 Q21995 R151.10 Q9Y1A1 R151.2a Q21994 R151.2b Q9BI73 R151.2c Q95QB6 R151.2d Q6AHR3 R151.3 P47991 rpl-6 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L6 protein. R151.4a Q7YZW6 R151.4b Q21996 Tyrosine kinase R151.5a P98060 R151.5b P98060 TOllisH (Tolloid and BMP-1 family) R151.7a Q21998 R151.7b Q8WQD5 R151.8 Q21999 R151.9 Q21993 R153.1a Q22000 R153.1b Q95ZQ6 PhosphoDiEsterase R153.1c Q8IFZ3 PhosphoDiEsterase R153.1d Q86NE8 PhosphoDiEsterase R153.1e Q86NE9 PhosphoDiEsterase R153.1f Q86NE7 PhosphoDiEsterase R155.1a O01925 R155.1b Q86DC4 R155.2 O01924 R155.3 O01923 R155.4 O01922 R160.1a P35603 The dpy-23 gene encodes an adaptin: specifically, it encodes an ortholog of the mu2 subunit of adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). R160.1b P35603 DumPY : shorter than wild-type R160.2 Q9TZD1 R160.3 Q9TZD5 R160.4 Q9TZD4 R160.5 Q9TZD3 R160.6 Q9TZD2 R160.7 Q9TZD0 R166.1 Q22002 R166.2 Q22003 R166.3 Q22004 The R166.3 gene encodes an unfamiliar protein, with homologs in yeast and archaea, that is orthologous to the human gene ALPORT SYNDROME, MENTAL RETARDATION, MIDFACE HYPOPLASIA, AND ELLIPTOCYTOSIS CHROMOSOMAL REGION GENE 1 (AMMECR1; OMIM:300195); AMMECR1, when mutated, may be at least partially responsible for mental retardation, midface hypoplasia, or elliptocytosis. R166.4 Q22006 R166.5a Q22005 R166.5b Q8I113 R17.1 O18004 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). R17.2 O18005 R17.3 O18003 R173.1 Q10462 cah-5 encodes a member of the carbonic anhydrase family. R173.3 Q22008 R173.4 Q8MPY9 R186.1 Q22009 R186.2 Q22011 R186.3 Q22013 R186.4 Q22010 R186.5 Q22012 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. R186.6 Q9N629 R186.7 Q95ZQ5 R186.8 Q7YTL0 R193.1 Q9N5F4 R193.2 Q9N5F6 R193.3 Q9N5F5 R31.1 O02425 R31.2 Q22015 R31.3 Q9TVX8 osm-6 males are defective in their response to hermaphrodite-derived diffusible cues. R52.1 O17297 R52.10 Q965L3 R52.2 O17296 R52.3 O17288 R52.4 O17289 R52.5 O17290 R52.6 O17291 R52.7 O17292 R52.8 O17293 R52.9 O17294 R53.1 Q22017 R53.2 Q22018 R53.3a Q22024 egl-43 encodes a zinc finger protein that affects HSN cell migration and development of the phasmid neurons; expressed in the HSN and phasmid neurons. R53.3b Q7JM79 Zinc finger, C2H2 type (2 domains) R53.4 Q22021 R53.5 Q22020 R53.6 Q22019 R53.7a Q22022 R53.7b Q8I112 R53.8 Q22026 R57.1a P91406 R57.1b P91406 R57.2 P91405 R74.1 Q09996 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. R74.2 Q22029 R74.3 Q22027 xbp-1 mRNA splicing requires cleavage by IRE-1. R74.4 Q22028 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. R74.5a Q22030 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. R74.5b Q86G94 R74.6 P50444 R74.7 Q22031 R74.8a O45722 R74.8b Q6BEV8 R90.1 Q22033 R90.2 Q22032 R90.3 Q22035 R90.4 Q22034 R90.5 Q8MPY8 SSSD1.1 Q22040 T01A4.1a Q965F8 T01A4.1b Q965F7 guanylyl cyclase T01A4.1c Q86GV3 T01A4.2 Q9TXR2 T01A4.3 Q9TXR3 T01B10.1 O02154 grd-4 encodes a member of the C. elegans hedgehog-like family and contains a DUF398 domain, a domain thus far unique to C. elegans. T01B10.2 O02153 T01B10.4a O02151 T01B10.4b O02151 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family T01B10.5 O02152 T01B11.1 P91407 T01B11.2a P91408 T01B11.2b Q86MH5 T01B11.3 P91409 T01B11.4 P91410 T01B11.7 Q9NJF1 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T01B4.1 Q22042 T01B4.2 Q22043 T01B4.3 Q7YTK9 T01B6.3a Q8MPT5 T01B6.3b Q8MPT4 T01B6.4 Q95ZK8 T01B7.3 Q22045 T01B7.4 P52018 cyp-11 encodes a divergent cyclophilin D isoform, with alterations in the normally well-conserved cyclophilin-binding domain, and a central 7-8 residue insert not usually found in cyclophilins, except from plants; CYP-11 has sluggish but detectable peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity in vitro, suggesting that it has a specialized substrate in vivo; CYP-11 is dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens. T01B7.5 Q22046 T01B7.6 Q22047 T01B7.7 P20784 The rol-6 gene encodes a cuticle collagen related to human collagen alpha 1 (III) chain precursor (OMIM:120180), and is required for normal cuticular morphology; ROL-6 interacts with SQT-1, a closely related cuticle collagen, and is expressed at all stages from L2 to adult with transcripts detected at each of the molts preceding these stages. T01B7.8 Q22048 T01B7.9 Q7YWU0 T01C1.2 Q22052 T01C1.3 Q22051 T01C1.4 Q8MPY7 T01C2.1 Q966F9 It is suspected that acy-4 or acy-3 (or acy-2) partially overlap in function with acy-1, and that such overlap accounts for the nearly wild-type appearance of acy-1 mutations. T01C3.1 Q22059 T01C3.10 Q22063 T01C3.11 Q7YWW2 T01C3.2 Q22056 T01C3.3 Q22055 T01C3.4 Q22060 T01C3.5 Q22057 T01C3.6 Q22054 rps-16 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S16 protein. T01C3.7 Q22053 T01C3.8 Q22061 T01C3.9 Q22058 T01C4.2a Q9BMH8 odr-2 encodes three isoforms of a predicted membrane-associated protein related to the Ly-6 (leukocyte antigen-6) family of GPI (glycosylated phosphatidylinositol)-linked signaling proteins; ODR-2 activity is required for proper functioning of the AWC olfactory neurons and thus for chemotaxis in response to AWC-sensed odorants; ODR-2 is expressed at high levels in sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons, where it appears to be enriched in axons. T01C4.2b Q9BMH9 ODoRant response abnormal T01C4.2c Q9BMI0 ODoRant response abnormal T01C4.3 Q94295 T01C4.4 Q94296 T01C4.5 Q94297 T01C4.6 Q94299 T01C8.1a Q22068 T01C8.1b Q95ZQ4 AMP-Activated Kinase T01C8.1c Q86FL6 AMP-Activated Kinase T01C8.2 Q22065 T01C8.3 Q22064 T01C8.4 Q22066 T01C8.5 Q22067 T01D1.1 P91417 T01D1.2a Q17385 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T01D1.2b P91414 RNA-binding protein T01D1.2c Q86NC4 ELAV-Type RNA binding protein family T01D1.3 P91415 T01D1.4 P91416 T01D1.5 P91418 T01D1.6 P91419 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T01D3.1 O01335 T01D3.2 P90953 T01D3.3a Q7JL02 T01D3.3b P90956 Copper/zinc superoxide dismutases (SODC) T01D3.4 P90954 T01D3.5 Q9XVJ5 T01D3.6a Q7JKS6 T01D3.6b O02364 EGF-like domain, Fibrinogen beta and gamma chains, C-terminal globular domain T01E8.1 Q21768 T01E8.2 Q22069 p hypodermal cell fusions, primarily through regulation of MAB-5 homeodomain protein activity; REF-1 is also required for head morphogenesis and specification of the V6 lateral seam cell fate. T01E8.3 Q22070 T01E8.4 Q22071 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T01E8.5 Q20749 T01E8.6 P49391 T01E8.7 Q9NAN5 T01E8.8 Q7YWV0 T01E8.9 Q7YWU9 T01G1.1a O17887 T01G1.2 O45723 T01G1.3 O45604 T01G5.1 O18008 T01G5.2 O18009 T01G5.3 O18010 T01G5.4 Q9XVJ4 T01G5.5 O17942 T01G5.6 O18011 T01G5.7 O18012 T01G6.1 O16969 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T01G6.10 O16971 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T01G6.2 O16968 T01G6.3 Q9GUD1 T01G6.4 O16966 T01G6.5 O16965 T01G6.6 O16964 T01G6.7 O16962 T01G6.8 O16963 T01G6.9 Q9GUD0 T01G9.1 Q93966 T01G9.2a P34692 T01G9.2b P34692 T01G9.3 Q22075 T01G9.4 Q22078 npp-2 encodes a protein with low similarity to rat nucleoporin Nup75 that affects embryonic viability and has a variety of other defects in RNAi screens including: nuclear morphology, growth, fertility, locomotion, and egg laying; enriched in oocytes. T01G9.5a P34808 mei-1 belongs to a class of nine genes (let-354, mei-1, mel-23, mel-24, mel-25, mel-26, mel-43, mel-44, and mel-45) that have yielded dominant temperature-sensitive embryonic lethality. T01G9.5b Q8I4G6 defective MEIosis T01G9.6a P28548 T01G9.6b P28548 KIN-10 casein kinase T01H10.1 Q22079 T01H10.2 Q22080 T01H10.3 Q22081 T01H10.4 Q22082 T01H10.5 Q22083 T01H10.6 Q22085 T01H10.7 Q22084 T01H10.8 Q21547 T01H3.1 Q22087 T01H3.2 Q22088 T01H3.3 Q22089 T01H3.4 Q22090 T01H3.5 Q22091 T01H8.1a Q21734 T01H8.1b Q21734 Protein kinase C terminal domain T01H8.1c Q21734 T01H8.2 Q93968 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T01H8.5 Q93971 The gon-2 gene encodes a predicted transmembrane cation channel homologous to the long transient receptor potential channel (LTRPC) subfamily of TRP channels including Drosophila DLTRP and mammalian melastatin and LTRPC7; GON-2 regulates the onset and continuation of post-embryonic mitotic cell divisions in the somatic gonad precursor cells perhaps by mediating an increase in intracellular calcium in response to activating signals. T02B11.1 O16974 T02B11.3a Q86S53 T02B11.3b Q86S52 T02B11.4 O16973 T02B11.5 O16975 T02B11.6 O16976 T02B11.7 O16977 T02B5.1 O01302 T02B5.2 P92014 T02B5.2 encodes a protein with an OCAM domain, a nematode-specific motif conserved between T02B5.2 and two other nematode ONECUT homeobox proteins (CEH-21 and CEH-41); this gene is probably derived from a ONECUT gene that lost both tit cut domain and its homeodomain; T02B5.2 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. T02B5.3 P92016 T02B5.4 P92015 T02C1.1 Q03605 T02C1.2 Q7YWU1 T02C12.1 Q27328 T02C12.2 Q22092 T02C12.3 Q22093 T02C12.4 Q8MM82 T02C5.1a Q22095 The T02C5.1 gene encodes a protein that may be involved in apoptosis; it has some similarity to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor of vertebrates. T02C5.1b Q7YZH3 T02C5.2 Q22094 T02C5.3 Q22096 T02C5.5a Q22098 An unc-2 mutation is epistatic to the neuronal position phenotype of a gain-of-function goa-1 allele, and is not rescued by exogenous serotonin, indicating that UNC-2 functions downstream of serotonin and Go-alpha in directing neuronal migration. T02C5.5b Q86G45 UNCoordinated T02C5.5c Q8MPY5 UNCoordinated T02C5.5d Q7YZH2 UNCoordinated T02D1.3 O45729 T02D1.4 O45728 T02D1.5 O45730 The pmp-4 gene encodes a homolog of human ALD, which when mutated leads to X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (OMIM:300100). T02D1.6 O45725 T02D1.7 O45726 T02D1.8 Q7JKF0 T02E1.1 Q17387 T02E1.2 O02293 T02E1.3a O02289 T02E1.3b O02289 Zinc finger C-x8-C-x5-C-x3-H type (and similar). T02E1.4 O02290 T02E1.5 O02294 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T02E1.6 O02291 T02E1.7 O45731 T02E1.8 Q7YSH8 T02E9.1 O18014 T02E9.2 O18015 T02E9.3 O45732 T02E9.5 Q9U382 T02G5.1 Q22110 T02G5.11 Q22105 T02G5.12 Q22109 T02G5.13a Q22111 T02G5.13b Q6AHP0 T02G5.14 Q8WQD4 T02G5.2 Q22108 T02G5.3 Q22107 T02G5.4 Q22106 T02G5.6 Q22103 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T02G5.7 Q22101 The T02G5.7 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene ACAT1, which when mutated leads to alpha-methylacetoaceticaciduria (OMIM:203750). T02G5.8 Q22100 kat-1 encodes a homolog of the human gene ACAT1, which when mutated leads to alpha-methylacetoaceticaciduria (OMIM:203750). T02G5.9a Q22099 T02G5.9b Q95ZQ3 lysyl-tRNA synthetase T02G6.1 O62356 T02G6.2 O62355 T02G6.3 O62357 T02G6.4 O62354 T02G6.5 O62358 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T02G6.6 O62359 T02G6.7 O62353 T02H6.10 Q9N5F1 T02H6.11 Q9N5E4 T02H6.1a Q9N5E2 T02H6.1b Q8IU12 T02H6.2 Q9N5E3 T02H6.3 Q9N5E5 T02H6.4 Q9N5E6 T02H6.5 Q9N5E7 T02H6.6 Q9N5E8 T02H6.7 Q9N5E9 T02H6.8 Q9N5F0 T02H6.9 Q9N5F2 T03D3.1 O16988 T03D3.11 O16986 T03D3.12 O16987 T03D3.14 O16990 T03D3.2 O16981 T03D3.3 O16980 T03D3.4 O16978 T03D3.5 O16979 T03D3.6 O16982 T03D8.1a Q9XTY6 T03D8.1b Q9XTY6 NUMb related T03D8.1c Q9XTY6 Phosphotyrosine interaction domain (PTB/PID). T03D8.2 Q9XTY5 T03D8.3 Q9XTY3 T03D8.4 Q9XTY2 T03D8.5 Q9XTY1 gcy-22 is predicted to encode a guanylate cyclase. T03D8.6 Q9XTY7 T03D8.7 Q9XTY0 T03E6.1 O45735 T03E6.2 O45736 T03E6.3 Q9XU11 T03E6.4 O45737 T03E6.5 O45738 T03E6.6 O45739 T03E6.7 O45734 cpl-1 encodes a member of the cathepsin L-like cysteine protease family required for embryonic viability and normal growth; expressed in eggshells and throughout early embryos, accumulates in intestinal cells during late embryogenesis, and expressed in the cuticle, gonad, and pharynx later in development. T03E6.8 O45740 T03F1.1 P91430 T03F1.10 P91429 T03F1.11 P91423 T03F1.12 Q8I7G0 T03F1.2 P91428 T03F1.3 P91427 T03F1.3 is orthologous to the human gene PHOSPHOGLYCERETE KINASE 1 (PGK1; OMIM:311800), which when mutated leads to hemolytic anemia and neurologic disturbances. T03F1.4 P91422 T03F1.5 P91420 T03F1.6a P91421 T03F1.6b Q95Q44 T03F1.7 P91424 T03F1.8 P91425 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T03F1.9 P91426 HCP-4 is cytoplasmic during interphase, but translocates to the nucleus during mitosis and localizes specifically to the centromere in a process requiring the centromeric histone HCP-3. T03F6.1 Q9XVJ3 The T03F6.1 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene QUINOID DIHYDROPTERIDINE REDUCTASE (QDPR; DHPR), which when mutated leads to phenylketonuria II (OMIM:261630). T03F6.2 O62360 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. T03F6.3 Q9XVJ2 T03F6.4 O45741 T03F6.5 Q9NDC9 Another name for the human ortholog of lis-1 is PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR ACETYLHYDROLASE, BRAIN ISOFORM, 45 KDA SUBUNIT (PAFAH1B1; OMIM:601545). T03F6.6 Q8WQD3 T03F7.1 Q22116 T03F7.2 Q22113 T03F7.3 Q22114 T03F7.4 Q22115 T03F7.5 Q22117 T03F7.6 Q22118 T03F7.7a Q9XVU9 T03F7.7b Q8I4G3 T03G11.1 Q22126 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T03G11.2 Q22124 T03G11.3 Q22122 T03G11.4 Q22120 T03G11.5 Q22121 T03G11.6 Q22123 T03G11.8 Q22125 zig-6 encodes a predicted membrane-associated protein containing two C2-type immunoglobulin domains and a GPI (glycosylated phosphatidylinositol) anchor site, but no transmembrane domain; ZIG-6 is predicted to function in cell adhesion and/or signaling, and as loss of zig-6 activity via RNA-mediated interference results in a Clear phenotype, zig-6 appears also to be required for maintenance of body fluid homeostasis; ZIG-6 is expressed in anterior and posterior body wall muscles. T03G6.1 Q22128 T03G6.2a Q22127 T03G6.2b Q22127 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family T03G6.2c Q22127 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family T03G6.3 Q22129 T04A11.1 O18648 T04A11.10 O18021 T04A11.12 P83502 T04A11.2 O18682 T04A11.3 O18016 T04A11.4 O18648 T04A11.5 O18682 T04A11.6 O18017 him-6 encodes a RecQ-like ATP-dependent DNA helicase orthologous to human BLM (OMIM:604610, mutated in Bloom syndrome); HIM-6 is required for normal levels of recombination during meiosis and as such, loss of HIM-6 function results in an increased frequency of genotypically XO males and inviable aneuoploid embryos as a result of higher levels of chromosome nondisjunction; HIM-6 interacts both genetically and in vitro with TOP-3, DNA topoisomerase IIIalpha, with which it functions to regulate genomic stability during germ-line mitosis; HIM-6 is expressed primarily in the germ line. T04A11.7 O18018 T04A11.8 O18019 T04A11.9 O18020 T04A6.1a Q8MPY3 T04A6.1b Q8MPY2 T04A6.2 Q22131 T04A6.3 Q22130 T04A8.1 P46568 T04A8.10 Q22139 T04A8.11 Q22140 T04A8.12 Q22141 T04A8.13 Q22142 T04A8.14 P34703 T04A8.15 Q22145 T04A8.16 Q22143 clp-2 encodes a large calpain subunit that contains two predicted MIT (microtubule interacting and trafficking) domains and is homologous to the mammalian Calpain 7 proteins and the atypical, nuclear-localized Aspergillus calpain, PalB; by homology, CLP-2 is predicted to function as a calcium-dependent, cysteine protease that is involved in intracellular proteolysis and peptidolysis; however, as loss of clp-2 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of CLP-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. T04A8.2 P46569 T04A8.3 Q22136 T04A8.4 Q22133 T04A8.5 Q22134 T04A8.6 Q22135 T04A8.7a Q22137 T04A8.7 is orthologous to human GLUCOSIDASE, ACID BETA (GBA; OMIM:606463), which when mutated leads to Gaucher disease. T04A8.7b Q86G92 T04A8.8 Q22144 T04A8.9 Q22138 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. T04B2.2 Q22146 frk-1 encodes a protein homologous to human proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase FER that affects viability and embryonic epidermal enclosure; expressed in most epithelial tissue types, including the epidermis, pharynx, intestine, and muscle. T04B2.3 Q22147 T04B2.4 Q22148 T04B2.5 Q22152 T04B2.6 Q22149 T04B2.7 Q86GC1 T04B8.1 O44849 T04B8.2 O44848 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T04B8.3 O44847 T04B8.4 O44845 T04B8.5a O44846 T04B8.5b Q6A583 T04C10.1 Q8WQL7 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T04C10.2a Q9BI72 T04C10.2b Q9BI71 Yeast hypothetical protein L8167.6 like T04C10.3 Q22154 T04C10.4 Q22156 T04C12.1 O02295 T04C12.2a O02296 T04C12.2b Q7JKP7 Serpentine Receptor, class H T04C12.3 O45745 T04C12.4 P10983 However, ad468 ad767 homozygotes move normally (unlike act-1 or act-3 mutants). T04C12.5 P10984 However, ad468 ad767 homozygotes move normally (unlike act-1 or other act-3 mutants), suggesting that the specific function of act-2 may be pharyngeal and that act-3(ad767) may be a weak allele. T04C12.6 P10983 An actin that affects body wall and pharyngeal muscle structure and function and motility of animals. T04C12.7 Q7YWW4 T04C12.8 Q7YWW3 T04C4.1a Q688A4 T04C4.1b Q688A3 T04C9.1a Q9GP90 T04C9.1b Q8MPT3 T04C9.1c Q8MPT2 T04C9.2 Q9GP91 T04C9.3 Q9GP92 T04C9.4a Q9GP94 T04C9.4b Q9GP95 MLP/CRP family (Muscle LIM Protein/Cysteine-rich Protein) T04C9.4c Q9GP96 contains LIM-like binding domain T04C9.6 Q9GP93 T04D1.2 O61844 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T04D1.3 O61843 The mutant phenotype of dynamin/dyn-1 mutants (early larval lethality) is more severe than that of unc-57 mutants, showing that UNC-57's function cannot simply be to localize dynamin. T04D1.4 O61845 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T04D3.1 O18697 T04D3.2 O02297 T04D3.3 O18696 T04D3.4 O02298 T04D3.5 O02299 T04D3.8 Q95ZQ2 T04F3.1 Q17464 T04F3.2 Q22157 T04F3.3 Q22158 T04F3.4 Q22159 T04F8.1 Q22161 T04F8.2 Q22162 T04F8.3 Q22163 T04F8.4 Q22164 T04F8.6 Q22167 T04F8.7 Q22166 T04F8.8 Q22168 T04F8.9 Q7YWV2 T04G9.1 Q22173 T04G9.3 Q22170 T04G9.4 Q22171 T04G9.5 Q22169 T04G9.6 Q22172 T04G9.7 Q9TXQ6 T04H1.1 Q22175 T04H1.10 O18025 T04H1.2 Q22174 T04H1.3 Q22176 T04H1.4 O44199 T04H1.5 Q22178 T04H1.6 Q22179 lrx-1 encodes a protein that contains four class A low-density lipoprotein receptor domains. T04H1.7 Q22180 T04H1.8 Q22181 T04H1.9 Q20823 T05A1.1a Q8I0L4 T05A1.1b Q22188 G-protein coupled receptor T05A1.2 Q22183 T05A1.3 Q22187 T05A1.4 Q22184 T05A1.5 Q22189 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T05A1.7 Q22186 T05A10.1a Q22190 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T05A10.1b Q8MPY1 SMAll T05A10.1c Q7JM48 SMAll T05A10.1d Q7JM44 SMAll T05A10.1e Q7JM43 SMAll T05A10.1f Q7JM42 SMAll T05A10.1g Q7JM45 SMAll T05A10.1h Q7JM49 SMAll T05A10.1i Q7JM46 SMAll T05A10.1j Q7JM47 SMAll T05A10.2 Q22191 clc-4 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; CLC-4 is worm-specific, with obvious homologs only in C. elegans; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. T05A10.3 Q22192 T05A10.4 P90959 T05A10.5 P90958 T05A10.6 P90960 T05A12.1 Q9GYL0 T05A12.2 Q9GYK9 tre-2 encodes one of four putative trehalases in C. elegans of unknown function, as RNAi analysis has not produced an obvious phenotype; expressed throughout development. T05A12.3 Q9GYK8 T05A12.4a Q5WRS6 T05A12.4b Q5WRS5 T05A6.1 Q22197 Heterochronic genes regulate cki-1 expression in vulval precursor cells. T05A6.2a Q22198 cki-2 encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor of the CIP/KIP family, orthologous to human CDKN1C (OMIM:600856, which when mutated leads to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome) that may play a role in cell cycle progression during embryogenesis; CKI-2 interacts with PCN-1, a proliferating cell nuclear antigen homolog, SMO-1, a SUMO (ubiquitin related) homolog, and the RING domain-containing protein C06A5.9. T05A6.2b Q9U6R5 posterior sex combs protein-like domain T05A6.4 Q22200 T05A6.5 Q22201 T05A7.10 Q65A84 T05A7.4 Q22204 T05A7.5 Q22202 T05A8.1 O44860 T05A8.2 O44859 T05A8.3 O44858 T05A8.4 O44857 T05A8.4 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; while T05A8.4 is an ortholog of mammalian neutral endopeptidase (NEP), expressed on the brush-border membranes of kidney; more generally, T05A8.4 falls into a group of proteins that includes the classical neprilysins found in mammals (e.g., PEX [OMIM:307800] and the enkephalin cleaving enzymes). T05A8.5 O44856 T05A8.6 O44855 T05A8.7 Q965K7 T05B11.1 Q22212 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T05B11.2 Q22211 T05B11.3 P90961 T05B11.4 Q22213 T05B11.6 Q8IFZ2 T05B4.1 O16426 T05B4.10 O16419 T05B4.11 O16420 T05B4.12 O16421 T05B4.13 O16422 T05B4.2 O16425 T05B4.3 O16424 T05B4.4 O16423 T05B4.5 O16414 T05B4.6 O16416 T05B4.7 O16415 T05B4.8 O16417 T05B4.9 O16418 T05B9.1 Q22215 T05B9.2 Q22214 T05C1.1 Q22217 T05C1.2 Q22218 T05C1.3 Q22219 T05C1.4a Q22221 CAMTA proteins may use their TIG domain as a domain for either nonspecific DNA-binding domain or for dimerization, while the CG-1 domain might be used to bind specific sequences in the genome. T05C1.4b Q86NE6 T05C1.4c Q629J3 T05C1.5 Q22220 T05C12.1 Q22223 T05C12.10 Q21535 T05C12.11 Q7YWU2 T05C12.2 Q22224 acr-14 encodes a protein that contains neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel ligand-binding and transmembrane domains. T05C12.3 Q22230 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T05C12.4 Q22225 T05C12.5 Q22226 T05C12.6a Q22227 mig-5 encodes one of three C. elegans Dishevelled homologs; as part of both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, mig-5 activity is required maternally and embryonically for cell migration, cell fate specification, and proper spindle orientation in the early embryo; cells affected by mig-5 mutations include the distal tip cells (DTCs), the QL neuroblast descendants (QL.d), the vulval precursor cells, and the P12 ectoblast; in the early embryo, MIG-5 functions downstream of MOM-2/Wnt and MOM-1/Porc, and redundantly with two other Dishevelled homologs, DSH-1 and DSH-2, in a non-canonical Wnt pathway that specifies the endoderm cell fate and regulates mitotic spindle orientation in the EMS and ABar blastomeres; in posteriorly directed QL.d migrations, MIG-5 functions downstream of EGL-20/Wnt and upstream of PRY-1/Axin in a canonical Wnt pathway to positively regulate Wnt signaling and effect MAB-5 expression in QL.d; a mig-5::GFP fusion is reportedly expressed in many cells in the embryo, migrating DTCs, P cells, and the nerve ring. T05C12.6b O61720 presynaptic density protein (PSD-95) repeat-like domain T05C12.6c Q95ZQ0 presynaptic density protein (PSD-95) repeat-like domain T05C12.7 P41988 eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin; affects viability and fertility, and is expressed in various muscle and neuronal cells: near the pharynx, near the anal sphincter, in the ventral nerve cord and the nerve ring; occasionally the expression is visible in hypodermal cells and in some vulval cells. T05C12.8 Q22229 T05C12.9 Q22231 T05C3.1 Q7KQA3 T05C3.2 O16302 The acroynm NACHT is derived from four NTPases originally found to share a NACHT domain (NAIP, CIITA, HET-E, and TP1); these NTPases have diverse roles (in apoptosis, transcriptional activation, and telomere synthesis). T05C3.3 O16300 T05C3.4 O16301 T05C3.5 O16303 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. T05C3.6 Q95X95 The T05C3.6 gene encodes a paralog of T05C3.2, a protein with NACHT and WD domains that may be involved in apoptosis. T05C3.7 Q86B41 T05C3.8 Q86B40 T05C7.1 O76362 T05D4.1 P54216 T05D4.1 is also homologous to human ADHUB, which when mutated leads to fructosemia (OMIM:229600). T05D4.2 O45748 T05D4.3 O45749 T05D4.4 O45750 T05D4.5 O45751 T05E11.1 P49041 rps-5 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S5 protein. T05E11.2 Q22234 T05E11.2 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; T05E11.2 is worm-specific, with a with highly divergent sequence lacking obvious homologs; T05E11.2 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. T05E11.3 Q22235 T05E11.4 Q22236 The sterility of spo-11 mutants is alleviated by gamma-irradiation, demonstrating that double-strand breakage is a key function of SPO-11. T05E11.5 P49049 T05E11.6 P49048 T05E11.7 Q21597 T05E11.8 Q22237 T05E12.1 O18027 T05E12.2 O45752 T05E12.3 Q9XUR6 T05E12.4 Q9XUR5 T05E12.6 O45754 T05E7.1 O01862 T05E7.2 O01860 T05E7.3 O01858 T05E7.4 O01859 T05E7.5 O01861 T05E8.1 O01596 T05E8.2 O01597 T05E8.3 O01598 The T05E8.3 gene encodes a divergent DEAH helicase that is (apparently) unique to Caenorhabditis; it has no well-characterized orthologs in the complete Drosophila or S. cerevisiae genomes, and no obvious orthologs in the draft human genome sequence either. T05F1.1 O18033 T05F1.10 O18030 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T05F1.11 Q9XUQ9 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T05F1.13 Q8I4G2 T05F1.2 Q9XUR4 T05F1.3 O18650 rps-19 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S19 protein, orthologous to human RPS19 (OMIM:603474, mutated in Diamond-Blackfan anemia). T05F1.4 O18036 T05F1.5 O18034 T05F1.6 Q7JKP6 hsr-9 encodes a protein containing a BRCT (BRCA 1 C terminus) domain that is found in proteins that regulate the cell cycle checkpoint in response to DNA damage; HSR-9 activity is required for a normal response to DNA damage caused by gamma-irradiation; loss of HSR-9 function via RNA-mediated interference after gamma-irradiation results in defects in mitotic cell cycle arrest, reduction of apoptosis of pachytene nuclei, and radiation sensitivity of progeny; the expression pattern and subcellular localization of HSR-9 are not yet known. T05F1.7 O18032 T05F1.8 Q9XUR1 T05F1.9 Q9XUR3 T05G11.1 O45457 T05G11.2 Q9XXK0 T05G11.3 Q9XXJ9 T05G11.4 Q9XXJ8 T05G11.6 Q9XXJ7 T05G11.7 Q9XTJ5 T05G5.1 P34554 T05G5.10 P34563 iff-1 encodes an eIF-5A homolog that affects fertility and is required for germ cell proliferation and for some P granule components to localize properly; expression is germline specific and mRNA is expressed in the distal region of gonads where germ cells actively proliferate. T05G5.11 Q95ZP9 T05G5.12 Q8MPY0 Expression data of dao-6 are consistent with the hypothesis that at least part of the efficient life maintenance in dauers contribues to the longevity phenotype of daf-2 mutant adults. T05G5.2 P34555 T05G5.3 P34556 CDK-1 falls into an orthologous group of cyclin-dependent kinases that includes CDC28 from S. cerevisiae, cdc2 from S. pombe, and CDK1-3 from human beings. T05G5.4 P34557 T05G5.5 P34558 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T05G5.6 P34559 T05G5.7 P34560 T05G5.8 P34561 T05G5.9a P34562 T05G5.9b P34562 T05H10.1 Q22240 T05H10.2 Q10002 apn-1 encodes a member of the AP (apurinic or apyrimidinic) endonuclease family. T05H10.3 Q09347 T05H10.4 Q09348 T05H10.5a Q09349 T05H10.5b Q95QB5 Ubiquitin Fusion Degradation (yeast UFD homolog) T05H10.5c Q6BEV4 Ubiquitin Fusion Degradation (yeast UFD homolog) T05H10.6a P52899 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T05H10.6b Q8I111 T05H10.7a Q10003 T05H10.7b Q7JMK7 T05H10.8 Q10004 T05H4.1 O16526 T05H4.13a O16518 T05H4.13b Q8MXJ7 ALdehyde deHydrogenase T05H4.13c Q86S57 ALdehyde deHydrogenase T05H4.14 O16519 The gad-1 gene encodes a WD repeat-containing protein that is required maternally for gastrulation initiation during early embryogenesis by regulating the division timing, spindle orientation, and subsequent inward migration of the two gut precusor (E) cells at the 26-cell stage. T06A1.1 O61930 T06A1.2 O61926 T06A1.3 O61927 T06A1.4 O61928 T06A1.5 O61929 T06A10.1 Q965G9 T06A10.2 Q965G6 T06A10.3 Q965G7 T06A10.4 Q965G8 T06A4.1a Q9TZH1 T06A4.1b Q86S22 T06A4.2 Q9TZH3 T06A4.3a Q6A577 T06A4.3b Q6A576 T06C10.2 Q22246 T06C10.4 Q22242 T06C10.6 Q22245 T06C12.1 O18040 T06C12.10 O18037 T06C12.11 O18046 T06C12.12 O18047 T06C12.13 O18048 T06C12.14 O18039 T06C12.2 O18041 T06C12.3 O18042 T06C12.4 O18043 T06C12.5 O18044 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T06C12.6 Q9XVJ1 T06C12.7 O45756 T06C12.8 O18045 T06C12.9 O18038 T06D10.1 Q9U379 T06D10.2 Q9U380 T06D4.1 O16649 T06D4.2 O16650 T06D4.3 O16651 T06D4.3 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; T06D4.3 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. T06D4.4 O16652 T06D4.4 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; T06D4.4 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. T06D8.10 Q22216 T06D8.1a Q22248 T06D8.1b Q8I110 T06D8.2 Q22249 T06D8.3 Q22250 T06D8.5 Q22251 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T06D8.6 P53703 T06D8.7 Q22252 T06D8.8 Q22253 rpn-9 is predicted to encode a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory complex of the proteasome that that affects body morphology, embryonic viability, locomotion, larval viability, fertility, and growth; interacts with RPN-11 in yeast two-hybrid assays. T06D8.9 Q22254 T06E4.1 Q22257 T06E4.10 Q22264 T06E4.11 Q22265 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T06E4.3a Q22258 In human beings, ataxia telangiectasia (AT; OMIM:208900) is an autosomal recessive disease with a wide variety of phenotypes, including progressive neuronal degeneration, oculocutaneous telangiectasias, immune dysfunction, cancer predisposition, incomplete sexual maturation, endocrine abnormalities and premature aging of the skin and hair. T06E4.3b Q9Y061 ATM(ataxia telangectasia mutated)-Like T06E4.4 Q22256 T06E4.5 Q22259 T06E4.6 Q22260 T06E4.7 Q22261 T06E4.8 Q22262 T06E4.9 Q22263 T06E6.1 O45757 T06E6.10 O45764 T06E6.11 O62362 T06E6.13 O62364 T06E6.2a Q10654 Combined cyb-1(RNAi) and cyb-3(RNAi) cause embryonic arrest upon meeting of the pronuclei at the one-cell stage, following abnormal meiosis, pseudocleavage and/or pronuclear migrations; this phenotype is more severe than cyb-1(RNAi) or cyb-3(RNAi) alone, and suggests that CYB-1 and CYB-3 exert overlapping functions. T06E6.2b Q95ZP8 CYclin B T06E6.3 O45758 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T06E6.4 O45759 T06E6.5 O62361 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T06E6.6 O45760 T06E6.7 O45761 T06E6.8 O45762 T06E6.9 O45763 T06E8.1 Q22267 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T06E8.2 Q22266 T06F4.1a Q95ZP7 T06F4.1b Q95ZP6 T06F4.2a Q95ZP4 A homolog of a mammalian CIC-type chloride channel that is uniquely expressed in adult worms. T06F4.2b Q95ZP5 CLC-type chloride cHannel T06G6.1 O62367 T06G6.11 Q9XUQ8 T06G6.12 Q7YWV1 T06G6.2 O62368 T06G6.3a O18051 T06G6.3b Q69Z10 T06G6.4 O62366 T06G6.5 O62369 T06G6.6 O18052 T06G6.7 O18053 T06G6.8 O62370 T06G6.9 O18054 T06H11.1a Q22271 unc-58 encodes one of 44 C. elegans TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channel subunits that contain two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane domains; unc-58 was originally defined by gain-of-function (gf) mutations that result in paralysis and a shortened (dumpy) body morphology due to hypercontraction of body wall muscle; unc-58 gf mutations also result in constitutive egg-laying; as loss of UNC-58 function via reversion or RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) results in either no abnormalities or only a weakly uncoordinated phenotype, UNC-58 likely functions redudantly with other TWK channels to regulate locomotion and egg-laying; UNC-58 is expressed in motor neurons and interneurons. T06H11.1b Q8MPX9 UNCoordinated T06H11.2 Q22272 T06H11.4 Q19242 moc-1 encodes an ortholog of human GEPHYRIN (GPHN; OMIM:603930), which when mutated leads to molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) deficiency; MOC-1 is also paralogous to LIN-46. T06H11.5 Q7YTK6 T07A5.1 Q10044 T07A5.2 Q10045 T07A5.3 Q10046 T07A5.4 Q7YWV8 T07A5.5 Q6BEV3 T07A9.1 O44415 T07A9.10 O44412 T07A9.11 O44414 rps-24 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S24 protein; by homology, RPS-24 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPS-24 activity is required for germline development and the overall health of the animal. T07A9.12a Q95X70 T07A9.12b Q8MXI5 T07A9.13a Q95X71 T07A9.2 O44413 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. T07A9.3 O44408 T07A9.5a O44406 T07A9.5b O44406 Enhanced RNAI (RNA interference) T07A9.6 O44405 daf-18 encodes a lipid phosphatase homologous to the human PTEN tumor suppresor (OMIM:601728, mutated in Cowden disease and several cancers); DAF-18 negatively regulates insulin-like signaling mediated by DAF-2/IR and AGE-1/PI3K and thus plays a role in metabolism, development, and longevity; based on sequence and genetic analysis, DAF-18 is predicted to dephosphorylate AGE-1-generated PIP3 in order to limit activation of the downstream AKT-1 and AKT-2 kinases that negatively regulate DAF-16. T07A9.7 Q9BIG5 gpa-4 encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases; it is expressed in ASI. T07A9.8 O44410 T07A9.9a O44411 T07A9.9b Q8MXI6 T07A9.9c Q86FQ4 T07C12.1 Q22283 T07C12.10 Q22278 T07C12.11 Q22277 T07C12.12 Q8MM12 T07C12.13 Q7YWT7 T07C12.6 Q22284 T07C12.7 Q22285 T07C12.8 Q22286 T07C12.9 Q22279 T07C4.1 Q18516 T07C4.1 is orthologous to the human gene URIDINE MONOPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE (OROTATE PHOSPHORIBOSYL TRANSFERASE AND OROTIDINE-5'-DECARBOXYLASE) (UMPS; OMIM:258900), which when mutated leads to disease. T07C4.2 Q22292 T07C4.3a Q22290 T07C4.3b Q9U376 T07C4.4 Q22291 spp-1 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein containing a saposin (B) domain that is a member of a saposin-like protein superfamily containing mammalian NK-lysin and granulysin and the protozoan amoebapores; SPP-1 is predicted to function as a lipid-binding protein with cytotoxic, pore-forming activity, and in vitro, does exhibit antibacterial activity; loss of SPP-1 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not, however, result in any abnormalities. T07C4.5 Q22288 T07C4.6 Q22289 T07C4.7 P41956 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T07C4.8 P41958 In metazoa, the BCL-2 protein family divides into antiapoptotic and proapoptotic groups; phylogenetic analysis indicates that CED-9 falls into the antiapoptotic category, which suggests that antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins arose before proapoptotic in animal evolution. T07C4.9a Q27512 nex-2 encodes an annexin, a member of a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins; by homology, NEX-2 could function in a number of processes, such as membrane fusion, cytoskeletal interactions, and intracellular signaling; however, as loss of nex-2 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of NEX-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. T07C4.9b Q7JMT5 anNEXin family T07C5.1a Q22295 T07C5.1b O62371 PUTATIVE UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE UGT16 PRECURSOR (EC 2.4.1.17) (UDPGT) T07C5.1c Q8MPX8 T07C5.2 Q22298 T07C5.3 Q22296 T07C5.4 Q22299 T07C5.5 Q22297 T07D1.1a Q86C56 T07D1.1b Q86C56 Guanylyl CYclase T07D1.1c Q86C56 Guanylyl CYclase T07D1.2 Q22302 T07D1.3 Q22303 T07D1.4 Q10572 T07D1.5 Q95QB4 T07D10.1 O45765 T07D10.2 O02300 T07D10.2 is orthologous to the human gene VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR TYPE 2 (AVPR2; OMIM:304800), which when mutated leads to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. T07D10.3 O02303 T07D10.4 O02301 T07D10.5 O02302 T07D10.6 Q86G91 T07D3.1 O16727 T07D3.2 O16726 T07D3.3 O16724 T07D3.4 O16723 T07D3.4 is orthologous to the human gene FUKUTIN (FCMD; OMIM:253800), which when mutated leads to disease. T07D3.5 O16722 T07D3.6 O16721 T07D3.7a O16720 alg-2 genetically interacts with the heterochronic pathway. T07D3.7b Q86B39 Argonaute (plant)-Like Gene T07D3.9a O16725 T07D3.9b Q86S55 T07D4.1 Q22305 T07D4.2a Q22306 T07D4.2b Q6BEU9 T07D4.4a Q22308 T07D4.4b O18056 ATP-dependent helicase T07D4.4c O62372 ATP-dependent helicase (DEAD box) T07E3.1 Q8MP13 T07E3.2 Q22313 T07E3.3 Q22312 T07E3.4a Q22310 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T07E3.4b Q8IFZ1 T07E3.5 Q22311 Moreover, these homologs, unlike T07E3.5, also contain similarity to a C-terminal domain found in vertebrate BRCA2 proteins (the 'BLAT' or 'CCR' domain); this C-terminal domain is missing from C. elegans (and from D. melanogaster, even though it is present in Anopheles gambiae). T07E3.6a Q8WQD1 T07E3.6b Q8WQD2 T07F10.1 Q22317 T07F10.2 Q22320 T07F10.3 Q22318 T07F10.4 Q22316 T07F10.5 Q22319 T07F10.6 Q9XVU6 T07F12.1 Q22323 T07F12.2 Q22322 T07F12.3 Q22321 T07F12.4 Q22324 T07F8.1 P91440 T07F8.2 P91439 T07F8.3a Q95ZK7 T07F8.3b Q95ZK6 defective in Germ Line Development T07F8.4 P91437 T07G12.1 O18058 cal-4 encodes one of five predicted C. elegans calcium-binding calmodulin homologs (the others being CAL-1, CAL-2, CAL-3 and CMD-1); as loss of cal-4 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of CAL-4 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; based on sequence similarity however, CAL-4 is predicted to function, perhaps redundantly, in cellular processes dependent upon calcium, such as cell signaling and muscle contraction. T07G12.10 O18067 T07G12.11 O18065 T07G12.12 O18068 T07G12.13 Q8WQD0 T07G12.2 O18061 T07G12.3 O18062 T07G12.4 O18063 T07G12.5 O18057 T07G12.6 O18064 T07G12.7 O18059 T07G12.8 O18060 T07H3.1 O76612 T07H3.2 O76610 T07H3.3 O76607 T07H3.4 O76608 T07H3.5 O76609 T07H3.6 O76611 T07H6.1a Q95ZP3 T07H6.1b Q8T3D3 T07H6.2 Q22329 T07H6.3a Q22326 T07H6.3b Q86FL7 COLlagen T07H6.4 Q22327 T07H6.5 Q22328 T07H8.1 O61897 T07H8.2 O61896 T07H8.3 O61895 T07H8.4a Q5ZR42 T07H8.4b Q5ZR41 MEChanosensory abnormality T07H8.4c Q5ZR38 MEChanosensory abnormality T07H8.4d Q5ZR39 MEChanosensory abnormality T07H8.4e Q5ZR37 MEChanosensory abnormality T07H8.4f Q5ZR36 MEChanosensory abnormality T07H8.4g Q5ZR35 MEChanosensory abnormality T07H8.4h Q5ZR40 MEChanosensory abnormality T07H8.5 O61892 T07H8.6 O61894 ptr-15 encodes a member of the Patched superfamily. T07H8.7 O61898 T08A11.1 Q9XTE2 T08A11.2 Q21909 T08A9.1 Q22342 T08A9.1 is orthologous to the human gene LIKELY ORTHOLOG OF MOUSE COILED COIL FORMING PROTEIN 1 (RB1CC1; OMIM:606837), which when mutated leads to disease. T08A9.10 Q22337 spp-6 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein containing a saposin (B) domain that is a member of a saposin-like protein superfamily containing mammalian NK-lysin and granulysin and the protozoan amoebapores; SPP-6 is predicted to function as a lipid-binding protein that may possess pore-forming, cytotoxic activity; as loss of SPP-6 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of SPP-6 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. T08A9.11 Q8MPX6 T08A9.12 Q8MPX7 spp-2 is orthologous to the human gene INTERFERON GAMMA RECEPTOR 2 (INTERFERON GAMMA TRANSDUCER 1) (IFNGR2; OMIM:147569), which when mutated leads to disease. T08A9.2 Q22341 T08A9.3 O76735 T08A9.4 Q22335 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T08A9.5 Q22334 T08A9.6 Q22333 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T08A9.7 Q22336 T08A9.8 Q22338 T08A9.9a Q22339 spp-5 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein containing a saposin (B) domain that is a member of a saposin-like protein superfamily containing mammalian NK-lysin and granulysin and the protozoan amoebapores; SPP-5 is predicted to function as a lipid-binding protein that may possess pore-forming,cytotoxic activity; loss of SPP-5 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) can result in larval lethality, suggesting that SPP-5 activity may be required for postembryonic development. T08A9.9b Q86FL8 SaPosin-like Protein family T08B1.1 O44557 T08B1.2a O44556 T08B1.2b Q86S43 TropoNin T T08B1.3 O44555 T08B1.4 O44558 T08B1.5 O44559 T08B1.6 O44560 T08B2.10 O01692 rps-17 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S17 protein. T08B2.11 Q9GYS6 T08B2.12 Q9GYS3 T08B2.2 Q9GYS2 T08B2.3 Q9GYS4 T08B2.4 Q9GYS5 T08B2.5a Q9GYS7 T08B2.5b Q9BIC2 T08B2.5c Q8T8N7 T08B2.5d Q8MNW1 T08B2.5e Q86NK1 T08B2.5f Q86NK0 T08B2.5g Q86NJ9 T08B2.7a Q9GYT0 T08B2.7b Q9BIC3 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase T08B2.7c Q8T8N8 T08B2.8 Q9GYS9 T08B2.9a Q9GYS8 frs-1 encodes a predicted phenylalanyl-t-RNA synthetase. T08B2.9b Q86B36 phenylalanyl (F) tRNA Synthetase T08B6.1 O44531 T08B6.2 O44529 T08B6.3 O44528 T08B6.4 O44527 T08B6.5 O44530 T08B6.6 O44532 T08B6.7 O44533 T08B6.8 O44526 T08B6.9 Q86MH6 T08D10.1 Q20858 T08D10.2 Q22343 T08D10.3 Q22344 T08D2.1 Q9XTX6 T08D2.2 Q9U375 T08D2.3 Q9XTX5 T08D2.4 Q9XTX9 T08D2.5 Q9XTX8 T08D2.6 Q9XTX4 T08D2.7 Q9XTX3 T08D2.8 Q9XTX7 T08E11.1 O76644 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T08E11.2 O76642 T08E11.3 O76641 T08E11.4 O76640 T08E11.5 O76639 T08E11.6 O76637 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T08E11.7 O76638 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T08E11.8 O76643 T08G11.1a Q94010 T08G11.1b Q8T3D2 nucleotide binding protein T08G11.2 Q94011 egl-32 encodes a novel protein that contains an SH2 domain highly similar to C. briggsae CBP06632 and affects egg laying, development of the male gonad and germline, and chemosensation mediated by the AWC neurons with slight effects on chemosensation mediated by the AWA neurons; may be partially functional within the TGF beta signaling pathway with respect to egg-laying and is required during the L4 larval stage for egg laying. T08G11.3 Q94012 T08G11.4 Q94013 T08G11.5 P48181 unc-29 encodes an non-alpha subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) superfamily; UNC-29 is required for normal locomotion and egg-laying, and functions as a subunit of a ligand-gated ion channel that likely mediates fast actions of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and in the nervous system; when coexpressed with LEV-1, a non-alpha nAChR subunit, and UNC-38 or UNC-63, alpha AChR subunits, the resulting multimer can form levamisole-gated channels; UNC-29 is expressed in body wall muscle. T08G2.2 Q22346 T08G2.3 Q22347 T08G2.3 is orthologous to the human gene ACYL-CoA DEHYDROGENASE, MEDIUM-CHAIN (ACADM; OMIM:607008), which when mutated leads to MCAD deficiency. T08G3.1 O18069 T08G3.10 Q9XU48 T08G3.11 Q9XU54 T08G3.12 Q7YXA2 T08G3.13 Q7YWU7 T08G3.2 O18070 T08G3.3 O18071 T08G3.4 Q9XU53 T08G3.5 Q9XU52 T08G3.6 Q9XU51 T08G3.7 Q9XU47 T08G3.8 Q9XU50 T08G5.1 Q9XUQ7 T08G5.10 P17512 mtl-2 encodes a metallothionein, a small, cysteine-rich, metal-binding protein; MTL-2 functions in metal detoxification and homeostasis and stress adaptation; MTL-2 expression is induced in larval and adult intestinal cells following exposure to cadmium or heat stress; MTL-2 intestinal expression is dependent upon ELT-2, an intestine-specific GATA-type transcription factor. T08G5.12 Q7YWW0 T08G5.2 Q9XUQ1 T08G5.3 Q9XUQ6 T08G5.5 Q9XUQ4 T08G5.7 Q9XUQ5 T08G5.8 Q9XUQ3 T08G5.9 Q9XUQ2 T08H10.1 Q22352 T08H10.3 Q22349 T08H10.4 Q22351 T08H4.1 Q22354 T08H4.2 Q22353 T08H4.3 Q22355 T09A12.1 O61221 T09A12.2a O45183 T09A12.2b Q7YXH6 T09A12.3 O61220 T09A12.4a Q8MXH1 T09A12.4b Q8MXH0 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family T09A12.4c Q8MXH2 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family T09A12.4d Q5W611 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family T09A12.5 Q8MXH3 T09A5.10 P45970 lin-5 encodes a novel protein with a centrally located alpha-helical coiled-coil domain and ten potential proline-directed kinase phosphorylation sites; LIN-5 activity is required for mitosis and cytokinesis at all stages of development, specifically for spindle positioning, chromosome alignment and segregation, and perhaps also for blocking exit from mitosis when chromosome segregation fails; LIN-5, which is expressed maternally, embryonically, and during larval stages, localizes to the cell periphery and, in microtubule-dependent manner, to the meiotic spindle and the asters and kinetochore microtubules of the mitotic spindle; in regulating spindle function, LIN-5 interacts with two G protein regulators, GPR-1 and GPR-2, which require LIN-5 activity for localization to the spindle and cell cortex; additionally, LIN-5 interacts in vitro with itself, the coiled-coil protein LFI-1, GEI-16, and several other novel proteins; genetic studies indicate that in regulating embryonic spindle function, lin-5 acts downsteam of par-2, par-3, mes-1, and src-1 and upstream of gpr-1, gpr-2, goa-1, and gpa-16. T09A5.11 P45971 T09A5.12 P45972 T09A5.14 Q7YTK8 T09A5.15 Q7YTK7 T09A5.1a P45961 T09A5.1b Q7JMP5 CalEXcitin T09A5.2a P45962 klp-3 encodes a kinesin-like motor protein orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kar3 and Drosophila NcD, minus-end-directed motors with C-terminal ATP- and microtubule-binding domains; KLP-3 plays a role in chromosome movement and segregation and is required for germline and embryonic development; KLP-3 binds microtubules and in newly hatched larvae is expressed in only the specialized epithelial marginal cells of the pharynx and cells in the posterior gut near the anal region. T09A5.2b Q7JMP3 Kinesin-Like Protein T09A5.2c Q7JMP4 Kinesin-Like Protein T09A5.3 P45963 acr-7 encodes an alpha-7-like homomer-forming subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) superfamily which encode ligand-gated ion channels that regulate fast action of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and in the nervous system; ACR-7 is expressed pharyngeal muscle and in tail neurons distal to the anus, and is a member of the ACR-16-like group of nAChR subunits. T09A5.4 P45964 T09A5.5 P45965 T09A5.6 P45966 T09A5.7 P45967 T09A5.8 P45968 T09A5.9 P45969 T09B4.1 O02164 T09B4.10 Q9BMU2 T09B4.2 O02163 T09B4.3 O02160 T09B4.4 O02159 T09B4.5a O02155 T09B4.5b Q86NC3 T09B4.6 O02156 T09B4.7 O02157 T09B4.8 O02158 T09B4.9 O02161 T09B9.1 Q7JMM5 T09B9.2 Q10048 T09B9.3 Q10049 T09B9.4 Q09350 T09B9.4 is orthologous to the human gene PUTATIVE CYTOSKELETAL PROTEIN (D10S170; OMIM:601985), which when mutated leads to disease. T09B9.5 Q09351 T09D3.1 Q9GS01 T09D3.2 Q23034 T09D3.3 Q23036 T09D3.4 Q23038 T09D3.5 Q23035 T09D3.6 Q86B34 T09D3.7 Q86B33 T09E11.1 O02304 T09E11.10 O02310 T09E11.11 O02311 T09E11.2 O02305 T09E11.3 Q9XVF9 T09E11.4 O02306 T09E11.5 Q9XVG0 T09E11.6 O02312 T09E11.7 O02307 T09E11.8 O02308 T09E11.9 O02309 T09E8.1a Q7YSP6 T09E8.1b P90906 T09E8.1c Q8I0T9 T09E8.1d Q8I4G1 T09E8.1e Q8I0Q4 T09E8.2 Q22360 him-17 encodes a novel chromatin-associated protein required for initiation of meiotic recombination via the formation of double-strand DNA breaks; him-17 mutants have inviable embryos and a high frequency of males in the population; the HIM-17::GFP fusion protein localizes to chromatin in germline nuclei. T09E8.3 Q22361 T09E8.4 Q22362 T09E8.5 Q22358 T09F3.1 Q17793 T09F3.2 Q27244 T09F3.3 P04970 GPD-1 and GPD-4 are nearly identical, exhibiting 99% identity at the amino acid level. T09F3.4 Q22363 T09F3.5 Q7YTF8 T09F5.1 O62375 T09F5.10 O62374 T09F5.11 O18077 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T09F5.16 Q5WRL4 T09F5.2 O62373 T09F5.3 O18078 T09F5.5 O18074 T09F5.7 O18073 T09F5.8 O18075 T09F5.9 O18076 T09H2.1 O61935 T10A3.1a Q22366 Proteins bearing such domains can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. T10A3.1b Q22366 UNCoordinated T10B10.1 Q22369 T10B10.2 Q22370 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T10B10.3 Q22368 T10B10.4a Q22371 T10B10.5 Q22372 T10B10.6 Q22373 T10B10.7 Q22374 ocr-3 encodes a predicted TRPV channel (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V) containing six membrane-spanning regions, cytoplasmic ankyrin repeats, and a long, unconserved cytoplasmic tail that is related to the mammalian TRPV1 cation channel (OMIM:602076) activated by capsaicin and other noxious stimuli; although the precise role of OCR-3 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known, OCR-3 expression is detected solely in the rectal gland cells and occasionally the glial socket cells of the head, suggesting that OCR-3 may function in sensory signal transduction in these cell types. T10B10.8 Q22375 T10B10.9 Q9U374 T10B11.2 Q9TZI1 T10B11.3 Q9TZI2 T10B11.4 Q9TZI0 T10B11.5 Q9TZH9 T10B11.6 Q9TZH8 T10B11.7 Q9TZH7 T10B11.8a Q9TZH5 T10B11.8b Q86S23 T10B11.9 Q9TZH4 T10B5.10 Q86S30 T10B5.2 O76408 T10B5.3 O76407 T10B5.4 O76405 T10B5.5a Q9TZS5 T10B5.5b Q86S29 T10B5.6 O76406 T10B5.7 O76409 T10B5.8 O76410 T10B9.1 Q27513 T10B9.10 Q27519 Substrates of cytochrome P450 include environmental pollutants, agrochemicals, plant allelochemicals, steroids, prostaglandins and fatty acids. T10B9.2 Q27514 T10B9.3 Q27515 T10B9.4 Q27516 T10B9.5 Q27517 T10B9.7 Q27518 T10B9.8 Q27520 T10B9.9 Q09352 T10C6.1 O18080 T10C6.10 O45772 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T10C6.12 P09588 his-3 encodes an H2A histone; by homology, HIS-3 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-3 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in the HIS1 cluster on chromosome V. T10C6.13 P08898 his-2 encodes an H3 histone; his-2 is contained within the histone gene cluster HIS1. T10C6.14 P62784 his-1 encodes an H4 histone; his-1 is contained within the histone gene cluster HIS1; transcript analysis suggests that it encodes the major class of H4 transcripts. T10C6.2 O18081 T10C6.3 O45767 T10C6.4 O45768 T10C6.5 O45766 T10C6.6a O62376 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T10C6.6b Q9U372 T10C6.7 O45769 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T10C6.9 O45771 T10D4.1 Q9TZE6 T10D4.10 Q9TZE8 T10D4.11 Q9TZE7 T10D4.12 Q965H2 T10D4.13 Q71UE4 Like the mitogenic stimulators IGF-I and IGF-II, INS-19 does not contain the internal C peptide that is proteolytically cleaved from insulin, a metabolic regulator. T10D4.3 Q9TZF2 T10D4.4 Q9TZF3 Like the mitogenic stimulators IGF-I and IGF-II, INS-31 does not contain the internal C peptide that is proteolytically cleaved from insulin, a metabolic regulator. T10D4.5 Q9TZF4 T10D4.6 Q9TZF5 T10D4.7 Q9TZF6 T10D4.8 Q9TZF0 T10D4.9 Q9TZE9 T10E10.1 Q22380 T10E10.2 Q22379 T10E10.3 Q22377 T10E10.4 Q22378 T10E10.5 Q86NE4 T10E10.6 Q86NE3 T10E10.7 Q86NE2 T10E9.1 O01606 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T10E9.2 O01605 T10E9.3 O01603 T10E9.4 O01600 T10E9.5 O01599 T10E9.6 O01601 T10E9.7a O01602 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T10E9.7b Q86NC2 T10E9.8 O01604 T10E9.9 O01607 T10F2.1a Q10039 grs-1 encodes a member of the glycyl-tRNA synthetase family that affects embryonic viability and spindle maintenance during anaphase. T10F2.1b Q8I711 Glycyl tRNA Synthetase T10F2.3 Q09353 T10G3.1 P92018 T10G3.2 P92019 T10G3.3 P92020 T10G3.4 P92166 T10G3.5a P92021 T10G3.6 P92022 gut-2 encodes a member of the Sm protein family with highest similarity to human U6 snRNA-associated Sm-like protein, LSm2, that affects embryonic viability. T10H10.1 P91443 hum-6 is also homologous to human MYO15, which when mutated leads to autosomal recessive neurosensory deafness 3 (OMIM:600316). T10H10.2 P91442 T10H10.3 P91441 T10H4.10 O62378 T10H4.11 O62377 T10H4.12 P43507 T10H4.2 O18083 T10H4.3 O45773 T10H4.4 O45775 T10H4.5 O45776 T10H4.6 O45774 T10H4.8 O45778 T10H4.9 O45779 T10H9.1 O76412 T10H9.2 O76411 T10H9.3 O76413 T10H9.4 O02495 The snb-1 gene encodes synaptobrevin, a synaptic vesicle protein orthologous to human vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 (VAMP1 OMIM:185880) and 2 (VAMP2 OMIM:185881), and is required for viability and synaptic transmission; SNB-1 is likely to play a role in vesicle docking and/or fusion and is expressed in neurons where it colocalizes with synaptic vesicle proteins RAB-3 and synaptotagmin. T10H9.5a O76414 T10H9.5b Q86S26 Peroxisomal Membrane Protein related T10H9.6 O76415 T11A5.1 Q22381 T11A5.2 Q22382 T11A5.3 Q22383 T11A5.4 Q22384 T11A5.5 Q22385 T11A5.6 Q22386 T11A5.7 Q5WRN5 T11B7.1 Q22387 T11B7.2 Q22388 T11B7.3 Q22389 T11B7.4a Q7JMA6 In mice, Alp mutations cause right ventricular cardiomyopathy; this is reminiscent of the general homology between mammalian cardiac muscle and nematode pharyngeal muscle that has been proposed due to various orthologies between mammalian cardiac and nematode pharyngeal proteins. T11B7.4b Q9TW26 EATing: abnormal pharyngeal pumping T11B7.4c Q7JMA7 EATing: abnormal pharyngeal pumping T11B7.4d Q17878 LIM domains T11B7.5 Q22390 T11F1.1 Q9U8C4 T11F1.2 Q9U8C5 T11F1.3 Q9U8C6 T11F1.5 Q9U8C8 T11F1.6 Q9U8C9 T11F1.7 Q8MNX4 T11F1.8 Q9U8C7 T11F8.1 O44194 T11F8.2 O44193 T11F8.3 O44191 T11F8.4 O44192 T11F9.1 Q22405 T11F9.10 Q22394 T11F9.11 Q22392 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T11F9.12 Q22402 T11F9.13 Q22404 T11F9.14 Q22403 T11F9.18 Q7YXA5 T11F9.19 Q7YWV9 T11F9.2a Q8I4G0 T11F9.2b Q22395 Human mRNA (KIAA0062) like T11F9.3 Q22396 T11F9.4 Q22397 T11F9.7 Q22399 T11F9.8 Q22400 T11F9.9 Q22393 T11G6.1a P34183 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. T11G6.1b P34183 histidyl-tRNA synthetase (mitochondrial) T11G6.2 Q22409 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T11G6.3 Q22410 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T11G6.4 Q22406 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T11G6.5 Q22411 T11G6.7 Q22407 T11G6.8 Q22412 T12A2.1 Q22419 T12A2.10 P46566 T12A2.11 P54127 T12A2.12 P54126 T12A2.13 P54128 T12A2.15a O76835 T12A2.15b O76834 T12A2.16a Q8T3D0 T12A2.16b Q8T3D1 Homolog of Odr-2(Two) T12A2.2 P46975 T12A2.3 Q22415 T12A2.5 Q22414 T12A2.6 Q22416 T12A2.7 Q22417 T12A2.8 Q22418 T12A2.9 P46565 T12A7.1 Q22422 Mutations in gem-4 suppress loss-of-function alleles of gon-2, but not alleles of gon-4, indicating that gon-4 activity is either downstream of or parallel to the activity of gem-4 and gon-2; gem-4 mutations have no obvious phenotype in a wild-type background. T12A7.2 Q22423 T12A7.3 Q22421 T12A7.4 Q22420 T12A7.5 O17904 T12A7.6 Q95ZP0 T12A7.7 Q95ZN9 T12B3.1 Q9UAX0 T12B3.2 Q9UAW9 T12B3.3 Q9UAW8 T12B3.4 Q9UAX1 T12B5.1 Q9TZ19 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T12B5.10 Q9TZ26 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T12B5.11 Q9TZ24 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T12B5.12 Q9TZ20 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T12B5.13 Q9TZ25 T12B5.2 Q9TZ21 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T12B5.3 Q9TZ22 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T12B5.4 Q9TZ23 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T12B5.5 Q9TZ28 T12B5.6 Q9TZ30 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T12B5.7 Q9TZ29 T12B5.8 Q9TZ27 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T12C9.1 Q95QB3 T12C9.3 Q22426 twk-2 encodes one of 44 C. elegans TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channel subunits that contain two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane domains; the precise role of TWK-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known, but TWK-2 may function redundantly with other TWK channels; TWK-2 is expressed in a subset of neurons. T12C9.5a Q9U371 T12C9.5b Q7JP54 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family T12C9.6 Q27521 T12C9.7 Q95QB2 T12D8.1 O46025 T12D8.10 Q69ZI6 T12D8.2 O45781 T12D8.3 Q9XVJ0 T12D8.4 O45782 T12D8.5 O45783 T12D8.6 Q9XVI9 T12D8.7 O45784 T12D8.8 O45786 T12D8.9a O45785 T12D8.9b Q69YY4 T12E12.1 Q22431 T12E12.2 Q22430 T12E12.3 Q22429 T12E12.4a Q9U4L0 Representatives of the three main types of dynamin-related proteins (dynamin, DRP1/Dnm1p, and Mgm1) are present in the C. elegans genome. T12E12.4b Q8WQC9 Dynamin Related Protein T12F5.1 O44761 T12F5.2 O44759 T12F5.3 O76743 glh-4 also affects expression of GLH-2 and localization of PGL-1. T12F5.4 O44757 T12F5.5a O44760 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T12F5.5b Q86S41 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein T12G3.1 Q22436 T12G3.2a Q22435 From N- to C-terminus, it has two domains: the first is a STAT domain, and the second an SH2 domain. T12G3.2b Q7JLZ0 T12G3.2c Q7JLY9 T12G3.4 Q22437 T12G3.5 Q22438 T12G3.6 Q22434 T12G3.7 O62430 T12G3.8 Q95US5 thurigensis. T13A10.10a Q22448 T13A10.10b Q7YXH5 Amino Acid Transporter T13A10.11a Q27522 T13A10.11b Q27522 Temporarily Assigned Gene name T13A10.12 Q22450 T13A10.13 Q22451 T13A10.14 Q86DC8 T13A10.5a Q22442 nlp-16 encodes a predicted neuropeptide that does not belong to a multigene family in C. elegans and is not clearly related to well-characterized neuropeptides; the peptide encoded by nlp-16 has been isolated from Ascaris suum. T13A10.5b Q7YXH4 Neuropeptide-Like Protein T13A10.6 Q22444 T13A10.7 Q22445 T13A10.9 Q22446 T13B5.1 O17372 T13B5.3 O17373 T13B5.5 O17375 T13B5.6 O17376 T13B5.7 O17377 T13B5.8 O17378 T13B5.9 Q965L2 T13C2.2 Q6AHP7 T13C2.3a Q22454 T13C2.3b Q7JP78 T13C2.4 Q22453 T13C2.6a Q7JP81 T13C2.6b Q7JP80 T13C2.7 Q7JP79 T13C5.1a Q27523 daf-9 encodes a cytochrome P450 of the CYP2 subfamily that by homology is predicted to function as a steroidogenic or fatty acid hydroxylase; DAF-9 likely functions cell nonautonomously in hypodermal and neuronal cells to produce, for the DAF-12 nuclear receptor, a lipophilic hormone whose presence is necessary for bypassing entry into the alternative L3/dauer larval stage and promoting reproductive development; in regulating dauer formation, daf-9 acts downstream of the DAF-2/insulin/IGF receptor and the DAF-7/TGFbeta ligand, suggesting that at least two of the signaling pathways that control dauer formation converge, in part, upon daf-9; in addition, daf-9 activity is required for gonadal cell migration; a DAF-9::GFP fusion is expressed in the XXXL/R head cells at all developmental stages, in hypodermal cells from the L2 to L4 larval stages, and in the spermatheca of adult hermaphrodites. T13C5.1b Q8WRT7 cytochrome P450 T13C5.2 Q22458 T13C5.3 Q22457 T13C5.4 Q22459 Q50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-8, ceh-10, ceh-42, unc-4, unc-42, C18B12.3, R08B4.2, and T13C5.4; K50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-36, ceh-37, unc-30, and C09G12.1; C. elegans' one S50 gene is vab-3; and outliers (neither Q50 nor K50 or S50) include pax-3 and Y53C12C.1. T13C5.5a Q22460 bca-1 encodes a member of the carbonic anhydrase family. T13C5.5b Q8T3C8 Beta Carbonic Anhydrase T13C5.6 Q22461 T13C5.7 Q8T3C9 T13F2.1 Q9XTB7 Each histidine residue in the H-boxes is required for function when assayed by site-directed mutagenesis. T13F2.10 Q9TVW5 msp-79 encodes a member of the major sperm protein family. T13F2.11 Q94053 T13F2.12 Q94054 T13F2.2 Q94045 T13F2.3a Q94046 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T13F2.3b Q9U370 PIS (Pax-2, IA-1/6, Smad-2 interacting protein) homolog T13F2.4 Q94047 T13F2.5 Q94048 T13F2.6 Q94049 T13F2.7 Q94050 T13F2.8 Q94051 cav-1 encodes a member of the caveolin protein family that affects viability and Ras/MAP-kinase-dependent progression through the meiotic cell cycle meiotic; expressed in the adult germ line and during embryonic development. T13F2.9 Q94052 T13F3.1 O18084 T13F3.2 O18086 T13F3.3 O18087 T13F3.4 O18088 T13F3.5 O18085 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T13F3.6 O18089 T13F3.7 Q7YTK5 T13G4.1 Q966F5 T13G4.2 Q966F7 T13G4.4 Q966F6 T13G4.5 Q966F4 T13G4.6 Q966F3 T13G4.7 Q966F2 T13H10.1 Q18684 kin-5 encodes a predicted protein tyrosine kinase that is most closely related to the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Fes/Fps and Fer that contain an SH2 domain and a tyrosine kinase domain (OMIM:190030, murine Fes appears to be required for hemopoietic homeostasis); as loss of kin-5 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of kin-5 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. T13H10.2 Q7YWT8 T13H2.3 Q22463 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T13H2.4a Q8WQC8 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T13H2.4b Q8WQC7 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein T13H2.5 Q8MPX4 T13H5.1a Q21527 T13H5.1b Q6BEU3 T13H5.2 Q22467 T13H5.3 Q22468 T13H5.4 Q22469 T13H5.5 Q22470 T13H5.6 Q9U369 T13H5.7 Q9U6P6 T13H5.8 Q95QB1 Examination by BLAST indicates that T13H5.8 is the closest C. elegans homolog of CRR9, while R166.2 and C36B7.6 are more divergent homologs. T14A8.1 Q22472 Coexpression of ric-3 in Xenopus laevis oocytes enhances the activity of the C.elegans DEG-3/DES-2 and of the rat alpha-7 acetylcholine receptors. T14A8.2 Q22473 T14B1.1 Q22474 T14B1.2 Q19999 T14B4.1 Q22484 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T14B4.2 Q22483 T14B4.3 Q22482 T14B4.4 Q22479 T14B4.5 Q22478 T14B4.6 P35799 The significance of the glp-1, mup-1, and emb-5 suppression by mutations in dpy-2 is not yet clear, but has been proposed to result from a more general stress response to large quantities of a mutant protein rather than specific genetic interactions. T14B4.7a P35800 A cuticle collagen protein that afffects body morphology and movement and genetically interacts with the sqt-1 collagen gene. T14B4.8 Q22480 T14B4.9 Q22481 T14C1.1 Q22485 An extract from flesh fly (Neobellieria bullata) central nervous systems was used to screen cells expressing Drosophila FR; this identified two endogenous peptides, APPQPSDNFIRFamide (Neb-FIRFamide) and pQPSQDFMRFamide (Neb-FMRFamide) as being CG2114 ligands; the Drosophila equivalents of these FMRFamides (DPKQDFMRFamide, TPAEDFMRFamide, SDNFMRFamide, SPKQDFMRFamide, and PDNFMRFamide) activated CG2114. T14C1.2 Q22486 T14D7.1 Q94055 T14D7.1 is also homologous to human SPT, which when mutated leads to hyperoxaluria, type I (OMIM:259900). T14D7.2 Q94056 T14D7.3 Q94057 T14E8.1a Q22489 T14E8.1b Q95QB0 T14E8.1c Q6AHP3 T14E8.2 Q22488 T14E8.3a Q6AHP2 T14E8.3b Q6AHP1 DOPamine receptor T14E8.4 Q5WRS0 T14F9.1 Q22494 T14F9.2 Q22493 T14F9.3 Q22492 T14F9.3 is orthologous to the human gene CERVICAL CANCER PROTO-ONCOGENE 7 (HEXB; OMIM:606873), which when mutated leads to disease. T14F9.4a Q22491 T14F9.4b Q7Z1Q1 Pharyngeal Enhancer Binding T14F9.5 Q10574 T14G10.1 Q22501 pps-1 is orthologous to human PAPSS1 (OMIM:603262) and human PAPSS2 (OMIM:603005, mutated in spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia). T14G10.2a Q21218 T14G10.2b Q95NL8 PDZ eXchange Factor T14G10.3 Q22500 T14G10.4 Q22499 T14G10.5 Q22498 T14G10.5 encodes a gamma subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex; in mass RNAi assays, T14G10.5 is required for locomotion, fertility, normally rapid growth, and general health. T14G10.6 Q22495 T14G10.7 Q22496 T14G10.8 Q22497 T14G11.1 Q22506 T14G11.3 Q22505 T14G12.1 Q22509 T14G12.2 Q22507 T14G12.3 Q22508 T14G12.4a Q22510 fkh-2 encodes one of 15 forkhead transcriptional regulators encoded by the C. elegans genome, and is homologous to Drosophila sloppy-paired (slp) and the vertebrate Brain Factor 1 (BF-1, OMIM:164874, expression is restricted to the central nervous system); by homology, FKH-2 is predicted to function as a transcription factor that regulates gene expression during development; while loss of fkh-2 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) results only in mild locomotion defects in L1 larvae, further RNAi experiments indicate that fkh-2 and pes-1, which encodes another C. elegans forkhead transcription factor, are required redundantly for completion of embryonic and larval development; fkh-2 expression, which partially overlaps that of pes-1, is detected in embryos in descendants of the D and AB founder cell lineages. T14G12.4b Q95QA9 ForKHead transcription factor family T14G12.5 Q22511 T14G12.6 Q22512 T14G8.1 Q22516 chd-3 encodes a PHD-finger SNF2 family member containing a chromo domain and a C-terminal helicase domain that affects Notch-dependent vulval development; expressed in virtually all embryonic cells and in many larval nuclei. T14G8.2 Q22513 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T14G8.3a Q22515 T14G8.3b Q5WRQ0 heat shock protein T14G8.4 Q22514 T15B12.1 Q22517 T15B12.2 Q22518 T15B7.1 Q5ZR75 T15B7.10 O17027 T15B7.11 O17029 T15B7.12 O17030 T15B7.13 O17034 T15B7.14 O17037 T15B7.15 O17039 T15B7.16 O17041 T15B7.17 O17028 T15B7.2 O17040 T15B7.3 O17038 T15B7.4 O17036 T15B7.5 O17035 T15B7.6 O17033 T15B7.7 O17032 T15B7.8 O17031 T15D6.1 O02313 T15D6.10 O02317 T15D6.11 O02318 T15D6.12 O02319 T15D6.2 O02314 gly-16 encodes a protein similar to 2/I N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; gly-16 is expressed in the seam cells during embryonic stages. T15D6.3 O02315 gly-17 encodes a protein similar to 2/I N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. T15D6.4 O02320 T15D6.5 Q9XU74 T15D6.6 O02316 T15D6.7 Q9XU73 T15D6.8 Q9XU72 T15D6.9 Q9XU71 T15H9.1 Q10005 T15H9.2 Q10006 T15H9.3 Q10007 T15H9.4 Q09354 T15H9.5 Q09355 T15H9.6 Q09995 T15H9.7 Q8MPX3 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. T16A1.2 P91451 T16A1.3 P91446 T16A1.4 P91444 T16A1.5 P91445 T16A1.7 P91448 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T16A1.8 P91449 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T16A1.9 P91450 T16A9.1 Q22520 T16A9.2 Q22521 T16A9.3 Q22522 T16A9.4 Q22523 T16A9.4 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; while T16A9.4 has no clear orthologs in other organisms, it falls into a group of proteins that includes the classical neprilysins found in mammals (e.g., PEX [OMIM:307800] and the enkephalin cleaving enzymes). T16A9.5 Q22524 T16D1.1 Q22526 T16D1.2 Q22525 T16G1.1 Q9XUQ0 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T16G1.10 Q9XUP4 A revised prediction of this gene's product (in wormpep77) has been changed to lack the prion domain. T16G1.11 Q9XUP3 A revised prediction of this gene's product (in wormpep77) has been changed to lack the prion domain. T16G1.2 Q9XUP9 T16G1.3 Q9XUP6 T16G1.4 Q9XUP7 T16G1.5 Q9XUP8 T16G1.6 Q9XUP2 T16G1.7 Q9U368 T16G1.7 is orthologous to the human gene ALIAS DLC1~CANDIDATE TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE (DLEC1; OMIM:604050), which when mutated leads to disease. T16G1.8 Q9XUP5 T16G1.9 Q9U367 T16G12.1 Q22531 T16G12.3 Q22532 T16G12.4 Q22527 T16G12.5 Q22528 T16G12.6 Q22529 T16G12.7 Q21513 T16G12.8 Q9U366 T16G12.9 Q7YSH2 T16H12.1 P34564 T16H12.11 Q7YWU3 T16H12.2 P34565 T16H12.3a P34566 T16H12.3b Q7JMR5 T16H12.4 P34567 T16H12.6 P34569 T16H12.8 P34571 T16H12.9 P34572 T16H5.1a O61715 inx-19 encodes a predicted member of the innexin family that affects body size and growth. T16H5.1b Q86S34 INneXin T17A3.1 O76698 T17A3.10 O76697 T17A3.12 Q8MXF8 T17A3.3 O76691 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T17A3.4 O76692 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T17A3.6 O76693 T17A3.7 O76694 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T17A3.8 O76695 T17A3.9 O76696 T17E9.1a P46549 T17E9.1b Q8MPX1 protein KINase T17E9.2a P46548 T17E9.2b Q95ZN7 T17E9.2c Q8MPX2 T17H7.1 Q22537 T17H7.4a Q95QA6 gei-16 can encode a protein with similarity to the B20 antigen of the parasitic nematode Onchocerca volvulus; GEI-16 is required for ventral enclosure and elongation during embryonic development, larval development, and normal rates of postembryonic growth; GEI-16 interacts with GEX-3, a homolog of mammalian protein ligands of the small GTPase Rac1 that is also essential for embryonic morphogenesis. T17H7.4b Q95QA7 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.4c Q95QA8 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.4d Q22534 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.4e Q8MPW6 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.4f Q8MPW4 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.4g Q8MPW5 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.4h Q8MPW8 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.4i Q8MPW7 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.4j Q8MPX0 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.4k Q8MPW9 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.4l Q86DC7 GEX Interacting protein T17H7.7 Q22539 T18D3.1 Q22540 T18D3.2 P41933 The odr-7 gene encodes an olfactory specific member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that affects chemotaxis to some volatile odorants and the cell fate of the AWA neuron; it is expressed in AWA neurons. T18D3.3 Q22541 T18D3.4 P12845 myo-2 encodes a muscle-type specific myosin heavy chain isoform; myo-2 is expressed in pharyngeal muscle. T18D3.5 Q22542 T18D3.6 Q22543 T18D3.7 Q22544 T18D3.8 Q22546 T18D3.9 Q7YWV6 T18H9.1 Q22551 grd-6 encodes a protein that contains a novel Ground domain; may be expressed in the hypodermis and in some neurons. T18H9.2a Q86NE1 asp-2 encodes aspartic protease. T18H9.2b Q86NE0 ASpartyl Protease T18H9.4 Q22547 T18H9.5a Q22549 inx-10 encodes an innexin, an integral transmembrane channel protein that is a structural component of invertebrate gap junctions; as loss of INX-10 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of INX-10 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; INX-10 is broadly expressed and detected in the developing embryonic pharynx and in larvae and adults in the pharyngeal corpus and terminal bulb, the sheath, several ventral cord neurons, rectal epithelial cells, the developing spermathecum, and in a few vulval cells. T18H9.5b Q6AHN7 INneXin T18H9.6 Q22550 T18H9.7a Q95QA3 T18H9.7b Q95QA4 T18H9.7c Q86ND9 T19A5.1 Q22554 T19A5.2a Q22553 gck-1 encodes a member of the germinal center kinase III (GCK-III) family of Ste20PAK kinases that affects fertility due to improper meiotic prophase progression and interacts with AIR-2 in yeast two-hybrid assays; associated with P-granules in embryos and dissected gonads, and localizes to the mitotic cleavage furrow in embryonic somatic cells. T19A5.2b Q95ZN6 Germinal Center Kinase family T19A5.2c Q95ZN5 Germinal Center Kinase family T19A5.2d Q6ABW4 Germinal Center Kinase family T19A5.3a Q22552 T19A5.3b Q7JNX5 T19A5.4 Q22555 T19A5.5 Q9UB40 T19A6.1a Q9XXN5 T19A6.1b Q8I064 T19A6.2a Q9XXN4 T19A6.2b Q9U365 AUTOANTIGEN NGP-1 T19A6.3 Q9XXN3 T19A6.4 Q95QA2 T19B10.1 Q21424 T19B10.10 Q7JLH4 T19B10.11 P90982 T19B10.2 Q22562 T19B10.3 Q27526 The T19B10.3 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene GALACTOSIDASE, BETA 1 (GLB1), which when mutated leads to gangliosidosis type I (OMIM:230500). T19B10.4a Q7JLH5 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T19B10.4b Q22558 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein T19B10.5 Q22559 T19B10.5 encodes a protein with partial similarity to human PERIAXIN (PRX; OMIM:605725), which when mutated leads to Dejerine-Sottas neuropathy. T19B10.6 Q22557 T19B10.7 Q22560 ima-1 encodes a member of the importin family. T19B10.8 Q22561 T19B10.9 Q22563 T19B4.1 P83388 T19B4.2 P91457 T19B4.3 P91455 T19B4.4 P91454 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. T19B4.5 P91453 T19B4.7 Q94155 After their migrations, the QL neuroblast but not QR neuroblast switches on the Hox gene mab-5; unc-40 mutations show randomization of MAB-5 expression. T19C3.1 Q22566 T19C3.2 Q10008 T19C3.3 Q10009 T19C3.4 Q10010 T19C3.5 Q10011 T19C3.6 Q10012 T19C3.7 Q95QA1 T19C3.8 P49594 Cs-fem-2 encodes a protein phosphatase 2C. T19C3.9 Q7YZH4 T19C4.1 Q22570 T19C4.2 Q22569 T19C4.3 Q22568 T19C4.4 Q22572 T19C4.5 Q22571 T19C4.6 P28051 gpa-1 affects chemotaxis to water-soluble odorants in a gpa-2; gpa-3 knockout genetic background. T19C4.7 Q95ZN4 T19C4.8 Q86GC0 T19C4.9 Q86GB9 T19C9.1 O45789 T19C9.2 O45793 T19C9.3 O45794 T19C9.4 O45795 T19C9.5 O45790 T19C9.6 O45791 T19C9.8 O45792 T19D12.1 Q22579 T19D12.10 O76838 T19D12.2a Q86ND6 T19D12.2b Q86ND3 T19D12.2c Q86ND4 T19D12.2d Q86ND5 T19D12.3 Q22577 T19D12.4a O76836 T19D12.4b Q86ND7 T19D12.4c Q86ND8 T19D12.5 Q22573 T19D12.6 Q22574 T19D12.7 Q22575 T19D12.8 Q22576 T19D12.9 O76837 T19D2.1 Q22580 T19D2.2 Q22582 T19D2.3 Q22581 T19D7.1 Q22588 T19D7.2 Q22584 T19D7.3 Q22583 T19D7.4 Q22585 T19D7.5 Q22586 T19D7.6 Q22587 T19D7.7 Q9N4P5 T19E10.1a Q22590 T19E10.1b Q9U364 T19E7.1 Q22591 T19E7.2a P34707 T19E7.2b P34707 SKiNhead T19E7.2c P34707 SKiNhead T19E7.3 Q22592 bec-1 encodes a coiled-coil protein that is orthologous to the yeast and mammalian autophagy proteins Apg6/Vps30p/beclin1; bec-1 activity is required for normal dauer morphogenesis and survival of dauer larvae, as well as for adult life span extension of daf-2(e1370) mutants at 15 degrees; in addition, loss of bec-1 activity by large-scale RNAi indicates that BEC-1 is required for normal growth rates, movement, and vulval morphogenesis; by homology, BEC-1 may be part of a Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex that plays a role in localizing autophagy proteins to preautophagosomal structures, and overexpression of C. elegans bec-1 in S. cerevisiae APG6/VPS30 mutants can rescue associated autophagy defects; a bec-1::GFP reporter fusion is expressed in the hypodermis, intestine, nervous system, pharynx, and reproductive organs, all tissues that are remodelled during dauer larval development. T19E7.5 Q22594 T19F4.1a Q95QA0 T19F4.1b Q22595 T19H12.1 O01617 T19H12.10 O01616 T19H12.11 O01618 T19H12.2 O01615 T19H12.3a O01613 T19H12.3b Q8MPT1 T19H12.4 O01609 T19H12.5 O01608 T19H12.6 O01610 T19H12.7 O01611 T19H12.8 O01612 T19H12.9 O01614 T19H5.1 Q22598 T19H5.2 Q22596 T19H5.3 Q22597 T19H5.4 Q09356 T20B12.1 P41842 T20B12.2 P32085 tbp-1 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of the human TATA-box-binding protein (TBP; OMIM:600075; mutated in spinocerebellar ataxia 17); consistent with its proposed role in transcriptional regulation, TBP-1 has been shown to provide TFIID-like basal transcription activity in human and C. elegans extracts, to bind specifically to a TATA box sequence, and to interact with TFIIA and TFIIB transcription factors from other species; large-scale RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) screens indicate that tbp-1 activity is required for embryonic and larval development, as well as for normal rates of postembryonic growth. T20B12.3 P41843 T20B12.4 P41844 T20B12.4 is orthologous to the human gene INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR, GAMMA (SEVERE COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY) (IL2RG; OMIM:308380), which when mutated leads to disease. T20B12.5 P41845 T20B12.6a P41846 T20B12.6b Q8I7I9 Myc and Mondo-Like T20B12.7 P41847 T20B12.8 P41848 hmg-4 encodes a protein with strong similarity to the highly conserved high mobility group protein SSRP1 (structure-specific DNA recognition protein); by homology, HMG-4 is predicted to be a member of the FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) complex that functions as a transcription elongation factor; RNAi experiments indicate that hmg-4 is required for locomotion and larval development, and required redundantly with hmg-3, its paralog, for embryonic development. T20B12.9 P41849 T20B3.1 Q9XUN8 T20B3.12 Q9XUN6 T20B3.13 Q9U363 T20B3.14 Q8I109 T20B3.2 Q9XUN9 T20B3.3 Q9XUN5 T20B3.4 Q9XUN4 T20B3.5 Q9XUN3 T20B3.7 Q9XUP0 T20B3.8 Q9XUN7 T20B5.1 Q22601 The apt-4 gene encodes an adaptin: specifically, it encodes an ortholog of the alpha subunit of adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). T20B5.2 Q22600 T20B5.3 Q22602 Mammalian O-GlcNAcase cleaves GlcNAc, but not GalNAc, from glycopeptides, has a pH optimum near 7.0, and and is mostly located in a cytoplasmic complex with other proteins (perhaps including HSP110, HSC70, amphiphysin, calcineurin, and dihydropyriminidase-related protein-2 [DRP-2]). T20B6.1 O02048 T20B6.2 O02047 T20B6.3 O02049 T20C4.1 Q9UAW7 T20C7.1 Q9N5E0 T20C7.2 Q7KX62 T20D3.1 O01253 T20D3.11 O01260 T20D3.2 O01254 T20D3.3 O01255 T20D3.5 O01256 T20D3.6 O01257 T20D3.8 O01259 T20D3.9 O01261 T20D4.1 P91475 T20D4.10 P91465 T20D4.11 P91464 T20D4.12 P91463 T20D4.13 P91459 T20D4.15 P91460 T20D4.16 P91461 T20D4.17 P91462 T20D4.18 P91473 T20D4.19 P91476 T20D4.2 P91474 T20D4.3 P91472 T20D4.4 P91471 T20D4.5 P91470 T20D4.6 P91469 T20D4.7 P91468 T20D4.8 P91467 T20D4.8 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; T20D4.8 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. T20D4.9 P91466 T20D4.9 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; T20D4.9 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. T20F10.1 O45797 T20F10.2 O18092 T20F10.4 O18094 T20F10.5 Q9NAN4 T20F5.3 P91478 T20F5.4 P91479 T20F5.5 P91481 T20F5.6 P91482 T20F5.7 P91483 T20F7.1 O02169 T20F7.3 O02167 T20F7.5 O02165 T20F7.6 O02168 T20F7.7 O02171 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T20G5.1 P34574 T20G5.10 Q22616 T20G5.11 Q22617 T20G5.12 O18095 T20G5.13 Q8T3C6 T20G5.14 Q7JMS0 T20G5.2 P34575 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T20G5.4 P34577 T20G5.5 P34578 T20G5.6 P34579 unc-47 encodes a novel transmembrane vesicular GABA transporter; UNC-47 and UNC-46, a predicted novel transmembrane protein, are required in GABAergic neurons for all GABA neurotransmission, specifically for loading of GABA into synaptic vesicles, where UNC-47 is localized; UNC-47 is required for the localization of UNC-46, and when overexpressed can rescue unc-46 mutant animals; UNC-47 expression in type D neurons is transcriptionally regulated by the UNC-30 homeodomain protein. T20G5.7 Q22613 T20G5.8 Q22614 T20G5.9 Q22615 T20H12.1 O16618 T20H4.1 Q22622 T20H4.2 Q22621 T20H4.3a Q22620 prs-1 encodes a predicted cytoplasmic prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS), a class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the attachment of proline to its cognate tRNA and is thus required for protein biosynthesis; PRS-1 is required for embryonic, germline, and postembryonic development. T20H4.3b Q65ZK5 Prolyl tRNA Synthetase T20H4.4 Q22618 The putative catalytic site of ADR-1 is divergent from the consensus sequence found in most ADARs (including ADR-2), which suggests that ADR-1 might form a catalytically inactive heteromeric subunit with ADR-2. T20H4.5 Q22619 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T20H9.1 O44892 T20H9.2 O44888 T20H9.3 O44889 T20H9.4 O44890 T20H9.5 O44891 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T20H9.6 O44893 T21B10.1 Q22623 T21B10.2a Q27527 T21B10.2 is orthologous to human ENOLASE 1 (also CRYSTALLIN, TAU; ENO1; OMIM:172430), which when mutated leads to spherocytic red cell enolase deficiency. T21B10.2b Q8I4F9 T21B10.2c Q6A4N1 T21B10.3 Q22624 T21B10.4 Q22625 T21B10.5 Q22626 T21B10.6 Q22627 T21B10.7 P47207 T21B4.1 O18098 T21B4.12 O18106 T21B4.14 Q8I4F8 T21B4.15 Q5WRM7 T21B4.2 O18097 T21B4.3 O18096 T21B4.4 O18099 T21B4.5 O18101 T21B4.6 O18100 T21B4.7 O18102 T21B4.8 O18103 T21B4.9 O18104 T21B6.1 Q22629 T21B6.2 Q22630 T21B6.3 Q22631 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T21B6.4 Q22632 T21B6.5 Q9TVS9 T21C12.1a Q22637 T21C12.1b Q9Y0I6 gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor T21C12.1c Q9Y0I5 gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor T21C12.1d Q9Y0I4 gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor T21C12.1e Q9Y0I3 gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor T21C12.1f Q9Y0I2 gamma-aminobutyric-acid receptor T21C12.1g Q7JME0 UNCoordinated T21C12.2 Q22633 hpd-1(RNAi) inhibits dauer recovery in a genetically sensitized background (daf-2[e1370] animals at 22 degrees C). T21C12.3 Q22634 T21C12.4 Q22635 T21C12.7 Q7YWT9 T21C9.1 Q22638 T21C9.11 Q22646 T21C9.12 Q22647 T21C9.13 Q22648 T21C9.2 Q22639 Inactivation of vps-54 by RNAi induces a defect in encocytotic uptake of secreted GFP into coelomocytes from pseudocoelomic fluid. T21C9.3a Q8MPW1 T21C9.3b Q8MPW0 T21C9.4 Q22640 T21C9.5 Q22641 T21C9.6 Q22649 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T21C9.7 Q22642 T21C9.8 Q22643 T21C9.9 Q22644 T21D11.1 Q22650 T21D12.11 O16783 T21D12.12 O16784 T21D12.2 O16787 dpy-9 encodes a cuticular collagen family member with similarity to human collagen alpha 5, type IV, and affects body length. T21D12.3 O16786 T21D12.4 O16785 pat-6 encodes the worm ortholog of alpha-parvin; it is required for muscle assembly and function, with mutations leading to embryonic lethality. T21D12.5 O16782 T21D12.7 Q965M1 T21D12.9a Q965M2 T21D12.9b O16779 T21D12.9c Q965M3 T21D9.1 Q22651 T21D9.2 Q22652 T21E12.2 P91486 T21E12.3 P91484 T21E12.4 Q19020 dhc-1 is more mutable than other genes in its chromosomal region, presumbly because its protein product is large (4568 residues) and is an unusually good target for mutation; dhc-1 is one of only nine genes that have been mutated to dominant, temperature-sensitive maternal-effect embryonic lethality. T21E12.5 P91485 T21E3.1 O01767 T21E3.2 O01766 T21E3.3 O01768 T21E8.1 Q22656 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T21E8.2 Q22655 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T21E8.3 Q17646 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T21E8.4 Q22653 T21E8.5 Q22654 T21F2.1a Q8MPV9 T21F2.1b Q8MPV8 T21F4.1 Q22659 T21F4.1 is orthologous to the human gene ARGINASE TYPE I ERYTHROID VARIANT (ARG1; OMIM:207800), which when mutated leads to argininemia. T21G5.1 O02064 T21G5.2 O02062 T21G5.3 P34689 glh-1 encodes a putative DEAD-box RNA helicase that contains four CCHC zinc fingers and is homologous to Drosophila VASA, a germ-line-specific, ATP-dependent RNA helicase; at permissive temperature, GLH-1 is required redundantly with GLH-4 for proper germ-line development and fertility, specifically for regulating the normal extent of germ-line proliferation, oogenesis, and the production of functional sperm; GLH-1 activity is also likely required for the wild-type morphology of P granules and for localization of several protein components, such as PGL-1, but not for accumulation of P granule mRNAs; GLH-1 interacts in vivo with CSN-5, a COP9 signalosome component, and in vitro with itself and with KGB-1, a JNK-like MAP kinase, ZYX-1, a LIM domain-containing zyxin homologue, and GLH-3; GLH-1 is a constitutive P granule component and thus, with the exception of mature sperm, is expressed in germ cells at all stages of development; consistent with its P granule localization, GLH-1 is cytoplasmic in oocytes and the early embryo, while perinuclear in all later developmental stages as well as in the distal and medial regions of the hermaphrodite gonad; GLH-1 is also expressed in males. T21G5.4 O02063 T21G5.5a O02065 T21G5.5b Q7Z153 Temporarily Assigned Gene name T21G5.5c Q65CM6 Temporarily Assigned Gene name T21H3.1 O16308 T21H3.2 O16307 T21H3.3 O16305 cmd-1 encodes a putative homolog of calmodulin 1 that affects growth rate and fertility. T21H3.4 O16304 T21H3.5 O16306 T21H8.1 Q94071 T21H8.2 Q94072 T21H8.3 Q94073 T21H8.4 O62420 T21H8.5 Q94075 T22A3.2 O01263 T22A3.3 P91820 lst-1 encodes an unfamiliar protein with no known homologs outside of nematodes; in two-hybrid assays, LST-1 does not interact with control baits, but does interact with GPA-6, LAG-1, MPK-1 and K06A1.4, suggesting broad or unspecific interaction activity; however, T22A3.3 solely binds the normal form of GPA-6, without binding its constitutively active mutant form; LST-1 is expressed in head neurons (AWB, ADF, ASG, various interlabial sensory), socket cells, sheath cells in the nose tip, pharyngeal muscle, and intestine; LST-1 has no obvious function or phenotype in RNAi assays. T22A3.4a P91821 T22A3.4b Q8I4F7 T22A3.5 O01264 T22A3.6 P91823 T22A3.8 O45614 lam-3 is orthologous to human LAMININ ALPHA-2 (LAMA2; OMIM:156225), which when mutated leads to merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy. T22B11.1 O44564 T22B11.2 O44563 T22B11.3 O44562 T22B11.4a O44561 T22B11.4b Q86MJ7 T22B11.5 O61199 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T22B2.1 O45195 T22B2.2 O45194 T22B2.3 O45193 T22B2.4 O45189 T22B2.5 O45191 T22B2.6 O45192 T22B2.7 O45190 T22B3.1 P34807 dpy-20 mutants have dumpy body morphology, rounded noses, and can be subviable. T22B3.2a Q7JLZ2 T22B3.2b Q21079 T22B3.3 Q22660 T22B7.1a Q23045 egl-13 encodes a transcription factor of the HMG (high mobility group) box family that affects the cell fusion process that makes the vulval-uterine connection and thereby affects egg laying; expressed in the pi lineage cells, transiently expressed in the rho lineage, in the anchor cell following fusion, and in neurons, body wall muscles, and intestinal cells. T22B7.1b Q86G49 EGg Laying defective T22B7.3 Q23042 T22B7.4 Q23039 T22B7.5 Q23041 T22B7.7 Q23044 T22C1.1 Q22662 T22C1.10a Q22670 T22C1.10b Q7JLF2 RaB GAP related T22C1.11 Q22671 T22C1.12 Q7YWS7 T22C1.2 Q22663 T22C1.3 Q22672 T22C1.4 Q22664 T22C1.5 Q22665 T22C1.6 Q22666 T22C1.7 Q22667 jph-1 encodes a junctophilin, a protein that belongs to a transmembrane family of proteins implicated in the formation of the junctional membrane complex that forms between the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum in excitable cells; this complex facilitates cross-talk between the cell surface and intracellular ionic channels; RNA interference of jph-1 results in a locomotion defect suggesting impaired body-wall muscle function; a jph-1 promoter-gfp fusion reporter is expressed in all muscle cells and certain neurons of the nerve ring. T22C1.8 Q22668 T22C1.9 Q22669 T22C8.1 Q22674 T22C8.2 Q22675 T22C8.3 Q22676 T22C8.4 Q22677 T22C8.5 Q22678 T22C8.6 Q22679 T22C8.7 Q22680 T22C8.8 O18108 vab-9 is mentioned as an already-existing mutation in cgc608; the original vab-9 alleles, e1744 and e1775, were isolated by Ed Hedgecock and Jonathan Hodgkin, respectively. T22D1.1 Q9GZH0 T22D1.10 Q9GZH2 T22D1.11 Q9GZG9 T22D1.12 Q9GZG8 T22D1.2 Q9GZH1 T22D1.3a Q9GZH3 T22D1.3b Q86DL2 T22D1.4 Q9GZH4 T22D1.5 Q9GZH6 T22D1.6 Q9GZH8 T22D1.8 Q9GZH7 T22D1.9 Q9GZH5 rpn-1 encodes a non-ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome's 19S regulatory particle (RP) base subcomplex; RPN-1 is required for embryonic, larval, and germline development and by homology, is predicted to function in unfolding and recognition of protein substrates and/or recycling of ubiquitin moieties during protein degradation. T22D2.1 Q9N5D9 T22E5.1 Q22683 T22E5.2 Q22682 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. T22E5.3 Q22681 T22E5.5 Q27371 T22E5.6 Q22684 T22E7.1a Q9N5D7 T22E7.1b Q86S81 T22E7.2 Q9N5D8 T22F3.10 Q94306 T22F3.11a Q94307 T22F3.11b Q86NC0 T22F3.2a Q94301 T22F3.2b Q8MPT0 T22F3.3a Q9N5U1 T22F3.3 is orthologous to the human gene MUSCLE GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE (PYGM; OMIM:232600), which when mutated leads to McArdle disease. T22F3.3b Q86NC1 T22F3.4 Q94300 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T22F3.5 Q94302 T22F3.6 Q94303 T22F3.7 Q94304 T22F3.8 Q94305 T22F7.1 Q22686 T22F7.3 Q22685 T22F7.4 Q8MP14 T22F7.5 Q8WQC6 T22G5.1 O02322 T22G5.2 O02323 lbp-7 encodes a predicted intracellular fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) that is most similar to the vertebrate muscle and heart FABPs; by homology, LBP-7 is predicted to function as an intracellular transporter for small hydrophobic molecules such as lipids and steroid hormones; as loss of lbp-7 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of LBP-7 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. T22G5.3 Q9XVI8 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T22G5.4 Q9XVI7 T22G5.5 Q9XVI6 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T22G5.6 O02324 T22G5.7 Q9XVI5 T22H2.1 O18113 T22H2.2 O18109 T22H2.3 O18110 T22H2.4 O18111 T22H2.5a Q7JKP1 Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells occurs because of a phospholipid scramblase and inactivation of an aminophospolipid translocase that would normally keep the PS on the interior of the cell; by virtue of its similarity to mammalian scramblase, T22H2.5 may promote clearage of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis. T22H2.5b O45799 T22H2.6a Q9U362 T22H2.6b Q7JKP2 T22H6.1 Q22687 T22H6.2a P54889 T22H6.2b Q9BI69 T22H6.3 O18114 T22H6.4 O18115 T22H6.5 Q22690 At present the only evidence for its having an antimicrobial humoral function is its sequence similarity. T22H6.6 Q22691 gei-3 encodes a member of the high mobility group (HMG) protein family; interacts with GEX-3 in yeast two-hybrid assays. T22H6.7 Q8T3C5 Proteins bearing such domains can sometimes stably exist in at least two distinct physical states, each associated with a different phenotype; propagation of one of these traits is achieved by a self-perpetuating change in the protein from one form to the other, mediated by conformational changes in the glutamine/asparagine-rich domain. T22H9.1 Q8MNX1 T22H9.2a Q9TXN6 T22H9.2b Q86S17 T22H9.3 Q9TXN7 T22H9.4 Q9TXN8 T23B12.1 O17006 T23B12.10 O17009 T23B12.2 O17005 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T23B12.3 O17004 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T23B12.4 O17003 T23B12.5 O17000 T23B12.6 O17001 T23B12.7 O17002 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T23B12.8 O17007 T23B12.9 O17008 T23B3.1 P91492 T23B3.2 P91491 T23B3.3 P91490 T23B3.4 P91487 T23B3.5 P91488 T23B3.6 P91489 T23B5.1 O02325 T23B5.3a O45800 T23B5.3b Q7JKA3 T23B5.4 Q7YWT5 T23B7.1 Q22693 T23C6.1 O02042 T23C6.3 O02039 T23C6.4 O02040 T23C6.5 O02043 T23D5.1 O45803 T23D5.10 O45808 T23D5.11 O45802 T23D5.12 O45809 T23D5.2 O45810 T23D5.3 O45804 T23D5.6 O45805 T23D5.7 O45806 T23D5.8 O45801 T23D5.9 O45807 T23D8.1 O16147 T23D8.2 Q9XVI4 T23D8.3 O02327 T23D8.4 O02328 T23D8.5 P62784 his-67 encodes an H4 histone required for embryonic viability and growth. T23D8.6 P09588 his-68 encodes an H2A histone. T23D8.7 Q9XVI3 T23D8.8 O02326 cfi-1 encodes a DNA-binding protein containing an AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) that affects differentiation of the URA sensory neurons, AVD, and PVC interneurons; acts downstream of UNC-86 and LIN-32 in controlling URA and IL2 cell fate, and is expressed in some neurons and muscle cells. T23D8.9a Q9XVI2 T23D8.9b Q95ZN3 T23E1.1 O45205 T23E1.2 O45204 T23E1.3 Q86FL9 T23E7.1 O17342 T23E7.2a O17339 T23E7.2b O17338 T23E7.2c Q9TXR9 T23E7.2d Q9TXR8 T23E7.2e Q8MXJ1 T23E7.3 O17340 T23E7.4 O17341 T23F1.3 O18122 T23F1.4 O18121 T23F1.5 O18117 T23F1.6 O18118 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T23F1.7a O18119 T23F1.7b Q7JKY3 Dipeptidyl Peptidase Four (IV) family T23F11.1 P49596 T23F11.2 Q22694 T23F11.3 Q22695 T23F11.4 Q22696 T23F11.5 P46567 T23F11.6 Q7YWS5 T23F2.1 Q22698 T23F2.2a Q8MPV7 T23F2.2b Q8MPV6 T23F2.3 Q22700 T23F2.5 Q22702 T23F4.1 O17262 T23F4.2 O17261 T23F4.3 O17263 T23F4.4 O17264 T23F6.1 Q9XU68 T23F6.2 Q9XU66 T23F6.3 Q9XU69 T23F6.4 Q9XU67 T23F6.5 Q9XU70 T23G11.1 Q9XVI1 T23G11.10 Q7YTJ6 T23G11.2 O45811 gna-2 encodes a member of the phosphoglucosamine acetyltransferase protein family that affects cytokinesis, embryonic viability, and fertility. T23G11.3 Q17339 gld-1 encodes a protein containing a K homology RNA binding domain that is required for meiotic cell cycle progression during oogenesis in parallel with gld-2, and also affects spermatogenesis; it physically interacts with its putative mRNA targets in vitro and with FOG-2, and is expressed in the cytoplasm at high levels during meiotic prophase. T23G11.4 Q9XVH9 T23G11.5 Q9XVI0 T23G11.6 O02329 T23G11.7a P90969 T23G11.7b O45812 T23G4.1 O18124 p and T.ap cells; such asymmetry, in turn, is required for normal, rounded tail morphology in adult males. T23G4.2 O18126 T23G4.3 O18125 T23G4.4 O18127 T23G4.5 O18128 T23G5.1 Q03604 T23G5.2 Q03606 T23G5.3 Q03607 T23G5.5 Q03614 dat-1 is orthologous to the human gene NOREPINEPHRINE TRANSPORTER (SLC6A2; OMIM:163970), which when mutated leads to disease. T23G5.6 Q03615 T23G7.1 Q22703 Since the dpl-1 gene encodes an E2F/DP1 protein, it may be involved in apoptosis. T23G7.2a Q22704 T23G7.3 Q22705 T23G7.4 Q22706 In addition, sec-8(RNAi) mutants exhibit abnormal gut vacuoles. T23G7.5 Q22707 T23H2.1 P91495 NPP-12 is expected to be one of ~30 nuclear pore proteins, of which two are integral membrane proteins. T23H2.2 P91493 T23H2.3a P91494 T23H2.3b Q86NB9 T23H2.4 P91496 T23H2.5 Q94148 T23H4.1 P91827 T23H4.2 P91829 Like all C. elegans nuclear receptors, NHR-69 is presently an orphan receptor. T23H4.3 P91828 T24A11.1a Q22712 T24A11.1b Q9U360 MTM (myotubularin) family T24A11.2 Q22709 T24A11.3 Q22710 T24A6.14 O61945 T24A6.15 O61947 T24A6.18 O61948 T24A6.3 O61949 T24A6.4 O61946 T24A6.6 O61937 T24B1.1 P90970 T24B1.1 is orthologous to the human gene GOLGI AUTOANTIGEN, GOLGIN SUBFAMILY A, 5 (GOLGA5; OMIM:606918), which when mutated leads to disease. T24B8.1 Q22716 rpl-32 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L32 protein. T24B8.2 Q22718 T24B8.3a Q22719 T24B8.3b Q7JLZ9 T24B8.4 Q22715 T24B8.5 Q22714 T24B8.6 Q22717 HLH-2:HLH-3 heterodimers have also been shown to interact with the Snail-binding sites in the egl-1 promoter and are thought to thus play a role in antagonizing the CES-1-mediated cell death specification of the NSM sister cells during embryogenesis. T24B8.7a P90865 T24B8.7b Q7JLZ7 T24B8.7c Q9TVV1 T24C12.1 Q22722 T24C12.2 Q22720 gap-1 encodes a member of the Ras GTPase-activating protein family; negatively regulates the let-60 pathway with respect to vulval development. T24C12.3 Q22721 T24C12.4 Q22723 T24C2.1 Q22724 T24C2.2 Q22725 T24C2.3 Q22726 T24C2.4 Q22727 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T24C2.5 Q22728 T24C4.1 Q9TZ33 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T24C4.2 Q9TZ37 T24C4.3 Q9TZ36 T24C4.4 Q9TZ35 T24C4.5 Q9TZ34 T24C4.6a Q9TZ32 T24C4.6b Q8WSM3 T24C4.7 Q9TZ31 T24D1.1a O02330 Cells in C. elegans produce non-sulfated chondroitin, not chondroitin sulfate; immunohistology shows large amounts of this chondroitin in the gonads, uterus, oocytes, spermatheca, fertilized egg shells, and the cell surfaces of cleavage stage embryos. T24D1.1b Q7YTJ2 SQuashed Vulva T24D1.2 O02331 T24D1.3 O02333 T24D1.4 O02332 T24D1.5 Q8WQC5 T24D11.1 Q22729 T24D3.1 Q9GSP3 The med-1 gene encodes a GATA-type transcription factor that is an immediate target of maternal SKN-1, and that participates in specifying the mesendoderm. T24D3.2 Q5WRP8 T24D5.1 Q22732 T24D5.2 Q22736 T24D5.3 Q22733 T24D5.4 Q22734 T24D5.5 Q22735 T24D8.1 Q22741 T24D8.2 Q22740 T24D8.3 Q22737 T24D8.4 Q22738 nlp-23 encodes three predicted neuropeptide-like proteins; in C. elegans, nlp-23 is part of the FRPamide neuropeptide family that also contains nlp-2 and nlp-22; nlp-23 is expressed in the tail and in dorsal and ventral hypodermis; as loss of nlp-23 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of the nlp-23-encoded peptides in development and/or behavior is not yet known. T24D8.5 Q22739 T24D8.6 Q22742 T24E12.1 O44885 T24E12.10 O44881 T24E12.11 O44883 T24E12.2 O44884 T24E12.3 O44882 T24E12.4 O44877 T24E12.5 Q965K6 T24E12.6 O44878 T24E12.8 O44879 T24E12.9 O44880 T24F1.1 Q22743 T24F1.2 Q22747 T24F1.3 Q22744 T24F1.4 Q22745 T24F1.5 Q22746 T24F1.6a Q17517 T24F1.6b Q7JMF9 T24F1.7 Q7YWR6 T24H10.1 P52652 T24H10.3 Q22751 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. T24H10.4 Q22750 T24H10.5 Q22755 T24H10.6 Q22752 T24H10.7a Q9NAN3 T24H10.7c Q22753 BZIP protein T24H10.8 Q7YTK1 T24H5.1 Q966F1 T24H7.1 P50093 T24H7.2 Q22758 T24H7.3 Q22757 T24H7.4 Q22756 T24H7.5a Q7JPE3 T24H7.5b Q10463 ATPase T24H7.5c Q7JPE4 Transbilayer Amphipath Transporters (subfamily IV P-type ATPase) T25B2.1 O61752 T25B2.2 O61751 T25B6.1 Q22764 T25B6.2a Q22763 T25B6.2 encodes two isoforms of a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; T25B6.2 is orthologous to Ac-mep-1, a gut luminal neprilysin which is specifically expressed in the adult life stage of Ancylostoma caninum hookworms, and whose protein product is localized to the microvilli of the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting a role in digestion. T25B6.2b Q7Z2A8 T25B6.3 Q22762 T25B6.4 Q22759 T25B6.5 Q22760 T25B6.6 Q22761 T25B6.7 O45813 T25B9.1 Q22768 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T25B9.10 Q17762 T25B9.2 Q27528 T25B9.3a Q22767 T25B9.3b Q6BET9 T25B9.4 Q22765 T25B9.5 Q22766 T25B9.6 Q22769 T25B9.7 Q22770 T25B9.8 Q22771 T25B9.9 Q17761 T25C12.1a Q21446 T25C12.1b Q21446 embryonic nuclear protein lin-14 form A T25C12.2 Q22776 T25C12.3 Q22774 T25C8.1 O45814 T25C8.2 O45815 an ortholog of human cytoplasmic actin; and is expressed only in microvillous intestinal cells and excretory cell. T25C8.3 Q9TVH2 T25D1.1 Q22779 T25D1.2 Q22778 T25D1.3 Q22777 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T25D10.1 Q10017 T25D10.2 Q22780 T25D10.3 Q10018 T25D10.4 Q10019 T25D10.5 Q8IFY9 T25D3.2 O76606 T25D3.3 Q965I8 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T25D3.4 Q965I9 T25E12.10 O45824 T25E12.11 O45825 T25E12.12 Q86D03 T25E12.13 Q86D02 T25E12.4a O45818 T25E12.4b O62166 T25E12.5 O45819 T25E12.6 O45820 T25E12.7 O45821 T25E12.8 O45822 T25E12.9 O45823 T25E4.1 Q10014 T25E4.2 Q10015 T25F10.1 Q23051 T25F10.2 O02424 In addition, genetic epistasis indicates that mab-21 is negatively regulated by dbl-1 in the male tail. T25F10.3 Q23046 T25F10.4 Q23048 T25F10.5 Q23049 T25F10.6a Q23050 T25F10.6b Q6A723 T25G12.1 Q22788 T25G12.11 Q8T3C3 T25G12.2 Q22787 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T25G12.3 Q22784 T25G12.4 Q22782 rab-6.2 encodes a small, monomeric Rab GTPase that is most closely related to the Drosophila Rab6 and mammalian Rab6a GTPases; by homology, RAB-6.2 is predicted to function as a membrane-associated GTPase required for intracellular vesicular trafficking and for regulation of endo- and exocytosis; however, as loss of rab-6.2 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of RAB-6.2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. T25G12.5 Q22781 T25G12.6 Q22783 T25G12.7 Q65ZI3 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T25G12.8 Q22786 T25G3.1 Q22790 T25G3.2 Q22791 chi-1 (T25G3.2) is most closely related to the chitin synthases of filarial nematodes (Dirofilaria immitis and Brugia malayi), while chi-2 (F48A11.1) is most closely related to the chitin synthases of arthropods (Aedes aegypti, Drosophila melanogaster, and Lucilia cuprina). T25G3.3 Q22792 T25G3.4 P90795 T25G3.4 is orthologous to the human gene GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE 3 (GPD2; OMIM:138430), which when mutated leads to disease. T26A5.1 Q22802 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T26A5.2a Q22801 T26A5.2b Q8IFY8 T26A5.3 Q22800 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T26A5.4 Q22797 T26A5.5a Q95Q98 T26A5.5b Q95Q99 T26A5.6 Q22794 T26A5.7a Q22795 T26A5.7b Q7YZW7 SET (trithorax/polycomb) domain containing T26A5.8 Q22798 T26A5.9 Q22799 dlc-1 encodes a dynein light chain type 1 that affects pronuclear migrations and thus affects embryonic viability; also affects fertility, body wall morphology and integrity. T26C11.1 Q22813 T26C11.2 Q22807 T26C11.3 Q22808 T26C11.4 Q22809 T26C11.5 Q22810 ceh-41 encodes a a ONECUT class CUT homeobox protein with a single N-terminal OCAM domain; the OCAM domain is a nematode-specific motif conserved between CEH-21, CEH-41, and T02B5.2; ceh-41 is one of three nematode-specific ONECUT genes in a cluster with ceh-21 and ceh-39; ceh-41 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. T26C11.6 Q22811 ceh-21 encodes a a ONECUT class CUT homeobox protein with a single N-terminal cut domain and an OCAM domain; the cut domain may be a compact DNA-binding domain composed of alpha helices; the OCAM domain is a nematode-specific motif conserved between CEH-21, CEH-41, and T02B5.2; ceh-21 is one of three nematode-specific ONECUT genes in a cluster with ceh-39 and ceh-41; CEH-21 may be required for muscle formation and differentiation, and is expressed in muscle precursor cells and differentiated gut cells; ceh-21 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. T26C11.7 Q22812 ceh-39 encodes a a ONECUT class CUT homeobox protein with a single N-terminal cut domain; CEH-39 acts as an X-signal element (XSE) to affect sex determination; the cut domain may be a compact DNA-binding domain composed of alpha helices; ceh-39 is one of three nematode-specific ONECUT genes in a cluster with ceh-21 and ceh-41. T26C12.1 O61856 T26C12.2 O61857 T26C12.3 O61858 T26C12.4 O61859 gcy-23 encodes a predicted transmembrane guanylyl cyclase that is expressed in the AFD thermosensory neurons; as loss of gcy-23 activity via RNA-mediated interference does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of GCY-23 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; however, expression in the AFD neurons suggests a possible role in thermotaxis. T26C5.1 Q22814 T26C5.2 Q22815 T26C5.3a Q22816 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T26C5.3b Q9XVX0 T26C5.3c Q6BEU8 T26C5.4 Q22817 T26C5.5 Q7YWS4 T26E3.1 O45829 T26E3.10 Q7YTJ9 T26E3.2 O45830 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. T26E3.3 Q9NAN2 PAR-6 protein is required for the localization of PAR-3 to the apical surface of embryonic cells. T26E3.4 O18131 T26E3.5 O45826 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T26E3.6 O45828 T26E3.7 O45827 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T26E3.8 O18130 T26E3.9 O17847 T26E4.1 O45835 T26E4.10 O45834 T26E4.11 O45843 T26E4.12 O45838 T26E4.14 O45832 T26E4.15 O45831 T26E4.16 Q7YWS6 T26E4.2 O45836 T26E4.3 O45837 T26E4.4 O45839 T26E4.5 Q9XVH8 T26E4.6 O45840 T26E4.7 O45841 T26E4.8 O45842 T26E4.9 O45833 T26F2.1 P92013 T26F2.2 O18133 T26G10.1 P34580 T26G10.3 P34582 T26G10.4 P34583 T26G10.5 P34584 T26H10.1 O76554 Subunits of nAChRs fall into two main categories: alpha subunits are defined by adjacent cysteines which contribute to the ACh binding site, while non-alpha subunits lack this motif. T26H2.1 O18134 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T26H2.2 O18135 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T26H2.3 O18136 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T26H2.4 O18137 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T26H2.5 O18138 T26H2.6 Q9XUN2 T26H2.7 O18139 T26H2.8 O18140 T26H2.9 O18141 T26H5.3 O62384 T26H5.4 O62385 T26H5.5 O62381 T26H5.8 Q9XTI7 T26H8.2 Q9XUN0 T26H8.3 Q9XUN1 T26H8.4 Q86CZ6 T27A1.1 O17277 T27A1.6 P90971 mab-9 encodes a member of the T-box family of transcriptional regulators containing a 200-amino acid T-box DNA-binding domain most similar to mouse Brachyury; mab-9 is involved in hindgut and mail tail development, specifically affecting the fate of two posterior blast cells in the hindgut, B and F; in the male this results in a grossly abnormal tail lacking spicules, and renders them incapable of mating; in the hermaphrodite this results in hindgut defects; mab-9 may also be part of a network of T-box genes that includes tbx-8, tbx-9 and vab-7 and is important for the correct patterning of posterior cells in the developing embryo; mab-9 affects movement to some extent though the basis for this defect is unknown; MAB-9 localizes to the nucleus of B and F and their descendents during development. T27A1.7 Q9TXQ3 T27A10.2 Q22821 T27A10.3a Q22820 T27A10.3b Q86MJ6 Choline Kinase C T27A10.5 Q22819 T27A10.6 Q22822 T27A10.7 Q22824 T27A3.1a P91503 T27A3.1b Q8MNR5 T27A3.1c Q86NB7 T27A3.1d Q86NB6 T27A3.1e Q86NB8 T27A3.2 P91502 T27A3.3 P91499 T27A3.4 P91497 T27A3.5 P91498 T27A3.6 P91500 T27A3.6 is orthologous to the human gene MOLYBDENUM COFACTOR BIOSYSTHESIS PROTEIN E (MOCS2; OMIM:603708), which when mutated leads to disease. T27A3.7 P91501 T27A8.1 Q22825 T27A8.2 Q22826 T27A8.3 P50581 T27A8.4 Q22828 T27A8.5 Q22827 T27B1.1 Q22830 T27B1.2 Q22829 T27B7.1 Q9TXJ1 T27B7.2 O16663 T27B7.3 O16661 T27B7.4 O16662 T27B7.5 O16664 T27B7.6 O16665 T27B7.7 O16666 T27C10.2 Q9TZM1 T27C10.6 Q9TZM3 In Dictyostelium, a transient increase in intracellular cGMP is important for cytoskeletal rearrangements during chemotaxis; T27C10.6 might thus act in C. elegans to transduce cGMP signals arising from soluble or membrane-receptor guanylate cyclases. T27C4.1 O61906 T27C4.2 O61904 T27C4.3 O61905 T27C4.4a O61907 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. T27C4.4b Q76NP4 EGl-27 Related T27C4.4c Q86S27 EGl-27 Related T27C4.4d Q86S28 EGl-27 Related T27C5.1 O45845 T27C5.10 O45385 T27C5.2 O45846 T27C5.5 O45849 T27C5.7 O45851 T27C5.8 O45852 T27D1.1 Q09637 The cyp-9 gene encodes a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase most similar to human cyclophilin G (OMIM:606093); CYP-9 likely functions as a catalyst in the folding and modification of cuticle collagens and is expressed in the cuticle synthesizing syncytial hypodermis most strongly at the mid-L3 and mid-L4 larval stages, the intermoult period when collagens are synthesized. T27D1.3 Q09638 T27D12.1 Q22832 T27D12.2a Q22833 clh-1 is expressed in expressed in the hypodermis, including seam cells. T27D12.2b Q9U5Y3 chloride channel protein T27D12.3 Q22831 T27D12.4 Q9GNA9 pes-5 encodes a novel protein that contains several arginine-rich regions, but no recognizably conserved domains; pes-5 was identified in promoter trapping screens, and as loss of pes-5 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of pes-5 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; a pes-5 reporter is expressed in most cells in the early embryo from the 28-cell stage through the end of cellular proliferation, with no expression detected past the comma stage of embryogenesis or in post-embryonic stages; embryonic expression is particularly strong in cells derived from the AB lineage. T27E4.1 Q23056 T27E4.2 P34696 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T27E4.3 P02513 hsp-16.48 encodes a 16-kD heat shock protein (HSP) that is a member of the hsp16/hsp20/alphaB-crystallin (HSP16) family of heat shock proteins; an hsp-16.48 reporter fusion, expressed broadly but most strongly in body muscle and hypodermis, is induced solely in response to heat shock or other environmental stresses; expression is detectable in somatic tissues in post-gastrulation embryos, all larval stages, and in adults; HSP-16.48 is likely to function as a passive ligand temporarily preventing unfolded proteins from aggregating. T27E4.4 Q23052 T27E4.5 Q23053 T27E4.6 Q23054 T27E4.7 Q23055 T27E4.8 P34696 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T27E4.9 P02513 In general, HSP16 proteins are thought to act as passive ligands for unfolded proteins that keep them safe from aggregation until the proteins can be refolded by a large (ATP-consuming) HSP. T27E7.1 O45855 T27E7.3 O45858 T27E7.4 Q9XUC5 T27E7.5 O45856 T27E7.6 O45859 T27E7.8 Q7YXA9 T27E7.9 Q7YWS1 T27E9.1a O45865 T27E9.1b Q86CZ9 Temporarily Assigned Gene name T27E9.1c Q86CZ8 Temporarily Assigned Gene name T27E9.2 O45864 T27E9.3 O18142 cdk-5 encodes a putative homolog of cyclin dependent kinase 5 that affects pronuclear migration and rotation in one-cell embryos and may affect neuronal development; expressed in neurons. T27E9.4a O18147 T27E9.4b Q8WQC4 ring canal protein like T27E9.5 O18143 T27E9.6 O45863 T27E9.7 Q9XTD9 T27E9.8 O18145 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T27E9.9 Q9U358 T27F2.1 Q22836 T27F2.2 Q20016 The T27F2.2 gene encodes a homoglog of human TSC2, which when mutated leads to tuberous sclerosis (OMIM:191090). T27F2.3 Q22837 BIR domains are highly conserved motifs found in the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family. T27F2.4 Q22835 T27F6.1 O45866 T27F6.2 O45867 T27F6.4 O45868 T27F6.5 O45869 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T27F6.6 O45870 T27F6.7 O45871 T27F6.8 O45872 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T27F7.1 Q9GYK4 T27F7.2a Q9GYK6 Unlike vertebrate SHC proteins, T27F7.2 proteins lack a CH2 region, and thus are not predicted to mediate responses to oxidative stress via serine or threonine phosphorylation; this function appears to have evolved relatively recently in vertebrate SHC proteins. T27F7.2b Q967F3 T27F7.2c Q8T3C2 T27F7.3a Q967F2 T27F7.3b Q967F1 T28A11.1 P91524 T28A11.10 P91506 T28A11.11 P91505 T28A11.12 P91504 T28A11.15 P91511 T28A11.9 P91507 T28A8.1 Q9XU07 T28A8.2 Q9XU09 T28A8.3 Q9XU06 T28A8.4 Q9XU05 T28A8.5 Q9XU08 T28A8.6 Q9XU04 T28A8.7 Q9XU10 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 68% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. T28B11.1 Q22842 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T28B4.1a Q968Y7 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T28B4.1b Q968Y8 T28B4.1c Q6A590 T28B4.2 O17343 T28B4.3 O17345 T28B4.4 O17346 T28B4.4 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; T28B4.4 is worm-specific, weakly similar to CLC-1; T28B4.4 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. T28B8.1 P91833 T28B8.2 O18149 The INS-18 peptide may thus be a hybrid molecule of insulin and IGF. T28B8.3 P91834 T28B8.4 O18150 T28B8.5 P91835 T28C12.1 O16698 T28C12.2 O16697 T28C12.3 O16696 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T28C12.4a O16695 T28C12.4b O16695 esterase T28C12.5 O16694 T28C12.6 O16699 T28C6.1 Q22843 T28C6.3 Q22845 T28C6.4 Q27318 T28C6.5 Q22846 T28C6.6 Q27318 col-3 encodes a collagen protein that affects body morphogenesis, larval viability, and locomotion in large scale RNAi screens; mRNA is expressed during all developmental stages examined (in embryos, during the L2 to dauer molt, during the dauer to L4 larval molt, and during the L4 to adult molt). T28C6.7 Q22847 T28C6.8 Q9XVW9 T28D6.2 O18154 T28D6.3 O18156 T28D6.4 O18152 T28D6.5a O18151 T28D6.5b Q8I055 T28D6.6 Q9TVG4 T28D6.7 O18155 T28D6.9 Q9U357 T28D9.1 Q10020 T28D9.10 Q10013 T28D9.11 Q10027 T28D9.2a Q10021 T28D9.2b Q10021 SR Protein (splicing factor) T28D9.2c Q10021 SR Protein (splicing factor) T28D9.2d Q10021 SR Protein (splicing factor) T28D9.3a Q10022 T28D9.3b Q6AHQ7 T28D9.3c Q6AHQ6 T28D9.4 Q10023 T28D9.7 Q10025 T28D9.9 Q10026 T28F12.1 Q9N5D4 T28F12.2a Q9N5D6 Zygotic and maternal effect lethality characterized for s472, e644, t2012, ct344, e917; ku234 exhibits an abnormal vulval phenotype. T28F12.2b Q9N5D5 homeobox protein T28F12.2c Q8MXU7 UNCoordinated T28F12.2d Q8MXU6 UNCoordinated T28F12.2e Q8WRQ5 UNCoordinated T28F12.2f Q8WRQ6 UNCoordinated T28F12.2g Q5TKQ8 UNCoordinated T28F12.3 Q9N5D3 Given that another seven C. elegans genes besides sos-1 (plc-1, pxf-2, F25B3.3, F28B4.2, R05G6.10, T14G10.2, and Y34B4A.4) are currently predicted to encode RasGEF function, there are many possible candidates for a postulated activity parallel to that of SOS-1 in RAS signalling. T28F2.1 O01660 T28F2.2 O01659 T28F2.3 O02637 cah-6 encodes a predicted carbonic anhydrase. T28F2.4a O01658 T28F2.4b Q6A599 T28F2.5 O01661 ccb-1 encodes a homolog of the beta subunits of dihydropyridine sensitive L-type calcium channels that, in RNAi screens, is dispensable for viability or grossly normal morphology; a mutant allele of ccb-1 exists, but its phenotype has not yet been described. T28F2.6 O01662 T28F2.7 O01664 T28F2.8 Q7Z152 T28F3.1a Q9XUB9 T28F3.1b Q8I4F4 T28F3.3 Q9XUC4 T28F3.4a Q8I4F6 T28F3.4b Q8I4F5 T28F3.5 Q9XUC3 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. T28F3.6 Q9XUC2 T28F3.7 Q9XUC1 T28F3.8 Q9XUC0 T28F3.9 Q9XTM4 T28F4.1 Q22849 T28F4.2 Q22851 T28F4.3 Q22852 T28F4.4 Q22853 T28F4.5 Q22850 DAP-1 in vertebrates is a small proline-rich cytoplasmic protein that promotes apoptosis. T28F4.6 Q22848 T28H10.1 Q22856 T28H10.2 Q22857 T28H10.3 Q17945 T28H10.4 Q7YTJ1 T28H11.1 Q23062 T28H11.2 Q23060 T28H11.3 Q23059 T28H11.4 Q27253 T28H11.5 Q23057 T28H11.6 Q23058 T28H11.7 Q23061 T28H11.8 Q23063 VB0393L.2 Q9U3S4 VC27A7L.1 O01993 VC5.1 Q9TYU2 VC5.2 Q9TYU4 VC5.3a Q9TYU6 npa-1 encodes a large polyprotein precursor that is posttranslationally cleaved to multiple units of ~14.5kDa, each of which is a strong binding protein for fatty acids and retinol (Vitamin A); the lipid binding sites of NPA-1-derived peptides are unusually apolar; NPA-1-derived peptides probably are carrier proteins that enable distribution of these lipids within nematodes; NPA-1-derived peptides are also secreted by parasitic nematode species. VC5.3b Q86S16 Nematode Polyprotein Allergen related VC5.3c Q7KNM6 Nematode Polyprotein Allergen related VC5.4 Q9TYU5 VC5.5 Q9TYU3 VF11C1L.1 Q9XTF8 VF13D12L.1 Q18664 VF13D12L.3 Q9XTB4 VF13D12L.3 is orthologous to the human gene ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHETASE (ASS; OMIM:603470), which when mutated leads to classic citrullinemia. VF36H2L.1 O45876 aph-1(or28) mutants exhibit a recessive, fully penetrant egg-laying defect; aph-1(or28) also has a maternal effect embryonic lethal phenotype. VF39H2L.1 O62387 VH15N14R.1 Q9GNJ5 VK10D6R.1 Q7YWT4 VT23B5.1 Q9XWB0 VT23B5.2 O18116 The VT23B5.2 gene encodes a homolog of human CHS, when when mutated leads to Chediak-Higashi syndrome (OMIM:214500). VW02B12L.1 Q17660 VW02B12L.2 Q9XXA1 VW02B12L.3 Q9XXA2 VW02B12L.4 Q23129 VW06B3R.1a Q9TVZ6 VW06B3R.1b Q9BI61 VY10G11R.1 Q8T3H2 VY35H6BL.1 Q8I135 VY35H6BL.2 Q8I134 VZC374L.1 O01706 VZK822L.1 O01708 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. VZK822L.2 Q8I108 W01A11.1 Q23068 W01A11.2 Q23067 W01A11.3 Q23064 W01A11.4 Q23065 lec-10 encodes a galectin, a soluble galactose-binding lectin; recombinant lec-10 can bind to sugar in an in vitro assay. W01A11.5 Q23066 W01A11.6 Q23069 W01A11.7 Q23070 W01A8.1a Q23095 W01A8.1b Q65ZB1 MeDiaTor W01A8.3 Q23097 W01A8.4 Q23098 W01A8.5 Q23096 W01A8.6 Q23099 W01B11.1 O61215 W01B11.2 O45016 W01B11.3 O45012 W01B11.4a O45014 W01B11.4b O45013 W01B11.5 O45015 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. W01B11.6a O45017 W01B6.1 P34889 cwn-2 encodes a member of the WNT family; expressed at highest levels in embryos and expression declines and is almost absent by the third larval stage. W01B6.2 Q23103 W01B6.3 Q23104 W01B6.4 Q23101 W01B6.5 Q23102 W01B6.6 Q23105 W01B6.7 P17656 col-2 encodes a member of the collagen superfamily containing collagen triple helix repeats (20 copies); expression peaks during the molt that separates the L2 larval and dauer stages as the dauer cuticle is being formed, and mRNA is expressed at low levels in post-dauer L4 larvae and in adult animals. W01B6.8 Q23100 W01B6.9 Q17635 Together with HIM-10, NDC-80 facilitates wild-type levels of KNL-1 at kinetochores. W01C8.1 Q9GYG6 W01C8.3 Q9GYG8 W01C8.4a Q9GYG7 W01C8.4b Q8IFX5 W01C8.5 Q9GYG5 W01C8.6a Q9GNP0 CAT-1 is associated with synaptic vesicles in ~25 dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurons. W01C8.6b Q7Z1Q0 abnormal CATecholamine distribution W01C9.1 Q23114 W01C9.2 Q23118 W01C9.3 Q23115 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. W01C9.4 Q23116 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W01C9.5 Q23117 W01D2.1 O62388 W01D2.2a O62389 W01D2.2b O62389 Zinc finger, C4 type (two domains) W01D2.3 Q9XU65 W01D2.4 Q9XU64 W01D2.5 Q9XU63 W01D2.6 Q7YTK2 W01F3.1a O45879 W01F3.1b Q9BI60 W01F3.2 O62390 W01F3.3 O45881 W01G7.1 Q9XVH7 daf-5 encodes a proline-rich protein, conserved in C. briggsae but not observed in non-nematode genomes, that promotes dauer formation in the group II branch of the dauer pathway, may regulate chemosensation via AWC neurons, and may regulate egg laying; daf-5 mutations suppress the dauer phenotype of group II Daf-c mutants; daf-5(e1385) partially suppresses dauer formation by aex-6(sa699) mutants at 26.8 degrees C. W01G7.3 Q9XVH6 W01G7.4 Q9XVH5 W01G7.5 Q9XTB5 W01H2.2 O02045 W01H2.3 O02046 W02A11.1 O62365 W02A11.2 Q9U354 W02A11.3 Q9XUM8 W02A11.4 Q9NAN1 In addition, uba-2 and aos-1 may also play a role in fate specification of the VD (ventral D) GABAergic motor neurons, as reduction of uba-2 or aos-1 activity results in ectopic expression of a DD (dorsal D)-specific reporter in the VD neurons. W02A11.5 Q9XUM6 W02A11.8 Q9XUM9 W02A2.1 Q9XUB8 Each histidine residue in the H-boxes is required for function when assayed by site-directed mutagenesis. W02A2.2 Q9XUB7 W02A2.3 Q9XUB6 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. W02A2.5 Q9XUB4 W02A2.6 Q9XUB3 The localization of REC-8 to chromosomes is completely disrupted in scc-3 mutants. W02A2.7 Q9XUB2 W02A2.8 Q9XUB1 W02B12.1 Q23119 W02B12.10 Q23126 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W02B12.11 Q21608 W02B12.12a Q23128 W02B12.12b Q6A4Q6 W02B12.2 Q23120 W02B12.3a Q23121 W02B12.3b Q23121 SR Protein (splicing factor) W02B12.3c Q23121 SR Protein (splicing factor) W02B12.4 Q23123 W02B12.6 Q23122 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W02B12.7 Q23124 W02B12.8 Q23130 W02B12.9 Q23125 W02B3.2 Q09639 W02B3.3 Q09340 W02B3.4 Q09341 W02B3.5 Q09342 W02B3.6 Q09640 W02B3.7 Q09343 W02B8.1 Q9TVV2 W02B8.2 Q9XVH4 W02B8.3 Q9XVH3 W02B8.4 Q9XVH2 W02B8.5 Q8T3B0 W02B9.1a O44327 hmr-1 encodes two isoforms of a classical cadherin that contain extracellular cadherin, EGF-like, and laminin G domains as well as a highly conserved intracellular domain that binds beta-catenin; by homology, the HMR-1 proteins are predicted to function as a calcium-dependent, homophilic cell-cell adhesion receptor; in vivo, HMR-1A activity is required for mediating the cell migrations, cell shape changes, and presumably actin cytoskeleton rearrangements that occur during embryonic morphogenesis; HMR-1B is required for fasciculation and outgrowth of a subset of motor neuron processes; HMR-1 antibodies detect expression in all embryonic blastomeres at early stages of development but as hypodermal adherens junctions form and morphogenesis begins, HMR-1 becomes highly expressed in the apical junctions of all hypodermal cells; later, HMR-1 is expressed primarily at the apical margins of hypodermal, pharyngeal, and intestinal cells in a pattern consistent with localization to adherens junctions; an HMR-1B reporter fusion is expressed in neurons, including the DD, VD, and AS class of motor neurons; HMR-1 activity is required for proper localization of other junctional components, such as HMP-1/alpha-catenin and HMP-2/beta-catenin, but not for localization of AJM-1, the junctional component recognized by the MH27 antibody. W02B9.1b Q967F4 cadherin W02C12.1 P91526 W02C12.2 P91525 W02C12.3a P91527 W02C12.3b Q95ZK5 W02C12.3c Q86MJ5 W02C12.3d Q86MJ4 W02C12.3e Q86MJ3 W02C12.3f Q86MJ2 W02C12.3g Q86MJ1 W02C12.3h Q5TYL0 W02D3.1 O01816 W02D3.10a Q7Z151 W02D3.10b Q7Z150 W02D3.11a Q9BIB7 W02D3.11 encodes, by alternative splicing, two protein isoforms orthologous to human hnRNP F and hnRNP H proteins, which activate alternative mRNA splicing in neurons; W02D3.11A-B proteins localize to nuclear speckles thought to represent foci of pre-mRNA; with EXC-7 and UNC-75, W02D3.11A-B may act as pre-mRNA splicing factors. W02D3.11b Q8MQG5 W02D3.12 Q8MQG6 W02D3.2 O01815 W02D3.3 O01811 Along with an EST from the nematode Prestionchus pacificus, the C. elegans proteins form a separate branch of the PON family. W02D3.4 O01810 W02D3.5 O01812 W02D3.6 O01813 W02D3.7 O01814 lbp-5 encodes a predicted intracellular fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) that is most similar to the vertebrate muscle and heart FABPs; by homology, LBP-5 is predicted to function as an intracellular transporter for small hydrophobic molecules such as lipids and steroid hormones; loss of lbp-5 activity via large-scale RNAi screens indicates that, in C. elegans, LBP-5 is required for movement. W02D3.8 Q94994 W02D3.9 O02482 Null unc-37 mutant homozygotes that escape embryonic and larval lethality show loss of male sensory neurons. W02D7.10 Q960A6 W02D7.11 Q8MQH0 W02D7.2 O17530 W02D7.3 O17524 W02D7.4 O17525 W02D7.5 O17526 W02D7.6 O17527 W02D7.7 O17528 It is expressed in all somatic cells. W02D7.8 O17529 W02D7.9 O17531 W02D9.1 O02334 pri-2 encodes a homolog of the DNA polymerase alpha-primase subunit C that is required in embryos for the normal timing of embryonic cell divisions (much as DIV-1 is) and for normal mitosis in the germline. W02D9.10 Q9XVG7 W02D9.2 O02335 W02D9.3 Q9XVG8 W02D9.4 O02336 W02D9.5 Q9XVH1 W02D9.6 Q9XVH0 W02D9.7 Q9XVG9 W02D9.8 Q9XVG5 W02D9.9 Q9XVG6 W02F12.7 O45150 W02G9.1 O61902 ndx-2 encodes one of 11 C. elegans Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked to another moiety, X) hydrolase family members. W02G9.2 O61899 W02G9.3 O61900 W02G9.4 O61901 W02G9.5 O61903 W02H3.1 Q23132 W02H3.2 Q23131 W02H5.1 Q9N5C5 W02H5.2 Q9N5C8 W02H5.3 Q9N2K8 W02H5.4 Q9N2K8 W02H5.5 Q9N5D2 W02H5.6 Q9N5D1 W02H5.7 Q9N5D0 W02H5.8 Q9N5C4 W02H5.9 Q7KX59 W03A3.1 P41935 One of the targets of CEH-10, in combination with the LIM homeodomain protein TTX-3, is the gene ceh-23, itself encoding a homeodomain protein. W03A3.2 Q23133 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W03A3.3 Q23134 W03A5.1 Q23136 W03A5.2 Q23135 W03A5.2 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR MGC:19580) (GGCX; OMIM:137167), which when mutated leads to disease. W03A5.3 Q23137 GRL-22 has been predicted, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial by phylogenetic profiling. W03A5.4 Q23138 W03A5.5 Q23139 W03A5.6 Q23140 W03A5.7 Q9TY07 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. W03B1.1 Q23143 W03B1.2 Q23141 W03B1.3 Q23142 W03B1.4 O45887 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. W03B1.5 O45885 W03B1.6 O45883 W03B1.7 O45882 W03B1.8 O45884 W03B1.9 O45886 W03C9.1 Q23147 W03C9.2 Q23144 W03C9.3 Q23146 rab-7 encodes a small GTPase homologous to the Rab GTPases that function in endocytosis, membrane fusion, and vesicular trafficking events; RAB-7 is required for proper yolk protein localization in oocytes, and for embryogenesis, locomotion, and normal body morphology; by sequence similarity, RAB-7 is predicted to be a late endosome component. W03C9.4 Q22867 lin-29 encodes a zinc finger transcription factor of the C2H2 type that affects the heterochronic development of the vulva, egg laying system, cuticle, and the molting cycle; expressed in uterine and vulval muscle cells, seam cells, pharynx, head neurons, ventral cord neurons, preanal ganglion, distal tip cells, anchor cell, vulval cells, and cells in the tail. W03C9.5 Q23145 W03C9.6 Q23149 W03C9.7 Q9XTB3 mex-1 is believed to function as a link between cortical polarity established by the par genes and subsequent differential segregation of cytoplasmic determinants. W03C9.8 Q8I105 W03D2.10 O45217 W03D2.1a O02123 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. W03D2.1b Q8MQG8 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein W03D2.1c Q8MQG9 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein W03D2.2 O02121 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). W03D2.3 O02117 W03D2.4 O02115 pcn-1 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an acidic protein that is an essential component of the DNA replication and repair machinery and serves as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase delta; PCN-1 is required for early embryogenesis and for proper germ-line development, and directly interacts with CKI-2, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor homolog that may be required for cell cycle progression during embryogenesis, and with ATL-1/PI3K, KIN-20, MRT-2/RAD1, and RFC-1, proteins that all play a role in the DNA damage checkpoint pathway; PCN-1 is highly expressed in ovaries and developing embryos. W03D2.5 O02116 Since the Hog domain of hedgehog family members is responsible for anchoring the N-terminus to a cholesterol adduct, it has been proposed that proteins containing only the Wart domain might function as freely diffusible signaling molecules. W03D2.6 O02118 W03D2.7 O02119 W03D2.9 O02122 W03D8.6 O45000 elegans genome; Caspr proteins belong to the Neurexin superfamily and are involved in mediating cell-cell contacts and in the formation of specialized membrane-domains in polarized epithelial and nerve cells; RNA interference of itx-1 suggests that itx-1 is involved in the correct positioning and maintenance of apical junctions and in maintaining epithelial integrity in the gut; gfp-reporter studies indicate that ITX-1 is expressed in intestinal cell epithelia and in the socket cells of the inner and outer labial sensilla; immunofluorescence studies indicate that ITX-1 localizes to the baso-lateral membranes of intestinal epithelia. W03F11.1 O01780 W03F11.2 O01779 gcy-17 encodes a predicted guanylate cyclase. W03F11.3 O01778 W03F11.4 O01777 W03F11.5a O01781 W03F11.5b Q9BIB9 W03F11.6a Q9BIC1 W03F11.6b Q9BIC0 W03F11.6c Q86NJ4 W03F11.6d Q86NJ3 W03F11.6e Q86NJ2 W03F8.1 O44572 W03F8.10 Q7YZM5 W03F8.2 O44570 W03F8.3 O44568 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W03F8.4 O44566 W03F8.5 O44565 lam-1 encodes a laminin beta that affects degenerin-induced cell death and is required redundantly with lam-2 for morphogenesis. W03F8.6 O44567 W03F8.8 O44569 W03F8.9 O44571 W03F9.1 O16999 W03F9.10 O16997 W03F9.2a O16998 W03F9.2b Q9TXS2 W03F9.3 O16996 W03F9.4 O16992 W03F9.5 O16991 W03F9.6 O16993 W03F9.9 O16995 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W03G1.1 Q9UAY8 W03G1.2 Q9UAY5 W03G1.5 Q9UAY0 W03G1.6a Q9UAY1 W03G1.6b Q86FM0 W03G1.7 Q9UAY4 W03G1.8 Q9UAY6 W03G11.1 Q23150 col-181 is homologous to the human gene PRO ALPHA 1(I) COLLAGEN (COL1A1; OMIM:120150), which when mutated leads to osteogenesis imperfecta. W03G11.2 Q23151 W03G11.3 P49713 W03G11.4 Q18002 W03G9.1 O44752 W03G9.2 O44749 W03G9.3 O44748 W03G9.4 O44750 W03G9.5 O44751 W03G9.6 O44753 W03G9.7 O44754 W03H1.2 Q23153 elc-2 encodes a protein containing a Skp1 dimerisation domain that has homology to human transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide I (15kD, elonginsC). W03H9.1 Q9U353 W03H9.2 Q9U351 W03H9.3 Q9U352 W03H9.4 Q9N6M0 W04A4.2 O45888 W04A4.3 O45889 W04A4.4 O18165 W04A4.5 O18167 W04A4.6 Q7YWR9 W04A8.1 Q9XUM4 In the event that W04A8.1 and MCPH1 are indeed homologous, W04A8.1 may share biological function with C45G3.1, which is orthologous to human human ASPM (OMIM:605481). W04A8.2 Q9XUM3 W04A8.3 Q9XUM2 W04A8.4 Q9XUL8 W04A8.5 Q9XUM1 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). W04A8.6 Q9XUM0 W04A8.7 Q9XUL9 The taf-1 gene encodes an ortholog of human TATA-binding protein associated factor TAF1L (TAFII250) that possesses histone acetyl transferase (HAT) activity and is a component of the TFIID general transcription factor that recognizes the transcription start site; TAF-1 is required for proper embryonic and larval development. W04B5.1 Q9UA59 W04B5.2 Q9UA60 W04B5.3a Q9UA61 W04B5.3b Q8WSM4 W04B5.3c Q8ITW2 W04B5.4 Q9UA63 W04B5.5 Q9UA62 W04B5.5 activity appears to be induced by agents that inhibit cell cycle G(1) progression. W04B5.6 Q9UA58 W04C9.1 Q9TZD9 haf-4 encodes a member of the ABC transporter family. W04C9.2 Q9TZE0 W04C9.3 Q9TZE2 W04C9.4 Q9TZE4 W04C9.5 Q9TZE3 W04C9.6 Q9TZE1 W04D12.1 Q23154 W04D2.1a Q23158 atn-1 encodes an alpha-actinin homolog. W04D2.1b Q9XVU8 AcTiniN W04D2.2 Q23156 W04D2.3 Q23157 inx-11 encodes a predicted member of the innexin family; expressed in the pharynx, a few head neurons, the tail hypodermis, posterior intestine and in some vulval and uterine muscles. W04D2.4 Q23159 W04D2.5 Q23155 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W04D2.6a Q22859 W04D2.6b Q8I4F3 W04E12.1 Q9XUL5 W04E12.2 Q9XUL2 W04E12.3 Q9XUL4 W04E12.4 Q9XUL3 W04E12.5 Q9XUL1 W04E12.6 Q9XUL6 W04E12.7 Q9XUL0 W04E12.8 Q9XUL7 W04E12.9 Q7YSV2 W04G3.1 Q23162 W04G3.2 Q23163 W04G3.3 Q23164 W04G3.4 Q23165 apt-9 gene encodes an ortholog of GGA (Golgi-localizing, gamma-adaptin ear homology, ARF-binding protein), which contains a domain paralogous to the gamma-adaptin subunits of adaptor protein complexes; based on structural similarity, APT-9 may beinvolved in the formation of intracellular transport vesicles. W04G3.5 Q23166 W04G3.6 Q23167 W04G3.7 Q23168 W04G3.8 Q93200 W04G5.1 O62393 W04G5.10 Q95ZK1 W04G5.3 O18168 W04G5.4 O18169 W04G5.5 O18170 W04G5.6 O18174 kin-23 encodes a predicted protein tyrosine kinase; like KIN-30, KIN-23 contains an unusual K to R substitution in kinase subdomain VII; kin-23 mRNA is expressed strongly during the L1/L2 larval stages, weakly in L3 and L4 stages, and at undetectable levels in adults. W04G5.7 O18171 W04G5.8 O18172 W04G5.9 O18173 W04H10.1 O44852 W04H10.2 O44851 W04H10.3 O44850 W04H10.4 O44853 W05B10.1 Q27532 W05B10.2 Q23170 W05B10.3 Q23172 W05B10.4 P91575 W05B10.5 P91574 W05B2.1 Q9U349 W05B2.2 Q9U350 W05B2.4 Q9XVG4 W05B2.5 Q9U348 W05B2.6 Q9XVG3 W05B2.7 Q9XVG2 W05B5.1 Q9XUK9 W05B5.2 Q9XUK8 W05B5.3a Q9XUK7 nhr-85 encodes a nuclear receptor of the NR1 subfamily that is orthologous to the insect E75 nuclear receptors that regulate molting and metamorphosis, and human NR1D1, which is involved in mammalian circadian rhythms; by homology, NHR-85 likely functions as a transcription factor that,based upon RNAi experiments, is required for development of the egg-laying system and formation of SDS-resistant dauer larvae; an nhr-85 reporter fusion is expressed in the hypodermis, the excretory and rectal epithelia, and the vulva; nhr-85 mRNA is expressed in an oscillating manner throughout larval development, in a pattern that is slightly irregular with respect to the timing of larval molts. W05E10.1 Q23173 W05E10.2 Q23174 W05E10.3 Q23175 The che-32 gene is the first known direct target of VAB-3: che-32 transcription is activated by VAB-3 in a subset of head hypodermal cells, and by ectopic expression of VAB-3; moreover, VAB-3 binds the che-32 promoter both in yeast one-hybrid experiments and in vitro. W05E10.4 Q23176 tre-2 encodes one of four putative trehalases in C. elegans of unknown function, as RNAi analysis has not produced an obvious phenotype; expressed throughout development. W05E10.5 Q7YWS3 W05E7.1 Q9TYW7 Since the Hog domain of hedgehog family members is responsible for anchoring the N-terminus to a cholesterol adduct, it has been proposed that proteins containing only the Ground domain might function as freely diffusible signaling molecules. W05E7.2 Q9TYW8 W05E7.3 Q7Z2A9 W05F2.2a Q9TYT9 W05F2.2b Q95X16 W05F2.3 Q9TYT8 W05F2.5 Q9TYT6 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). W05F2.6 Q9TYT7 W05F2.7 Q9TYU0 W05G11.2 O61211 W05G11.3 O44904 W05G11.4 O44903 W05G11.5 O44905 W05G11.6a O44906 W05G11.6b Q8ITY2 W05G11.6c Q8ITY1 W05G11.6d Q8ITY0 W05H12.1 O62394 W05H12.2 O02211 W05H5.1 Q9XVG1 W05H5.2 P91839 W05H5.3 P91840 W05H5.4 P91841 W05H5.6 O18175 W05H5.7 P90837 W05H5.8 Q5WRM6 W05H7.1 O02176 W05H7.2 O02172 W05H7.3 O02173 W05H7.4a O02174 W05H7.4b Q8MPS9 W05H7.4c Q8MPS8 W05H7.4d Q86MJ0 W05H9.1 Q23179 W05H9.2 Q23178 W05H9.3 Q23177 W05H9.4 Q86MI9 W06A11.1 Q23183 W06A11.2 Q23181 W06A11.3 Q23182 W06A11.4 Q23180 W06A7.2 Q23186 W06A7.3a Q23187 W06A7.3b Q23188 histone H4 protein like W06A7.3c Q9U347 RETiculon protein W06A7.3d Q7JLB1 RETiculon protein W06A7.3e Q7JLB0 RETiculon protein W06A7.4 Q23189 W06A7.5 Q23184 W06B11.1 Q23192 W06B11.2 Q23191 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. W06B11.3 Q23190 W06B11.4 Q23193 W06B3.1 Q9XXM2 W06B3.2a Q9XTI6 sma-5 encodes a serine/threonine kinase homologous to the mammalian MAP kinase MAPK7/ERK5 (OMIM:602521, required for development of extraembryonic vasculature and embryonic cardiovasculature); SMA-5 is required for normal body size morphogenesis, growth rates, and intestinal granule distribution, and for regulating the size of the intestine, body wall muscle, and hypodermis, as well as the number of intestinal nuclei; SMA-5 is expressed in the intestine and in hypodermal seam cells. W06B3.2b Q8MMA0 SMAll W06B4.1 Q23196 W06B4.2 Q23195 W06B4.3 Q23194 W06D11.1 Q17623 W06D11.2 Q23197 W06D11.3 Q23198 W06D11.4 Q23200 W06D11.5 Q23199 W06D12.1 O45890 W06D12.2 O45891 W06D12.3 O45892 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W06D12.4 O45893 W06D12.5 O45894 W06D12.6 O45895 W06D12.7 Q9U346 W06D4.1 Q9Y041 hgo-1 is orthologous to the human gene SIMILAR TO HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE (HOMOGENTISATE OXIDASE) (HGD; OMIM:203500), which when mutated leads to disease. W06D4.2 Q9XW44 W06D4.3 Q9XW43 W06D4.4 Q9XW42 W06D4.5 Q9XW41 W06D4.6 Q9XW40 rad-54 is orthologous to the human gene RAD54 (RAD54L; OMIM:603615), which when mutated leads to disease. W06E11.1 Q23206 W06E11.2 Q23205 W06E11.4 Q23202 W06E11.5a Q23203 W06E11.5 is orthologous to human CYSTEINE-RICH HYDROPHOBIC 2 (CHIC2; OMIM:604332); chromosomal rearrangements fusing CHIC2 to ETV6 are found in both myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. W06E11.5b Q8I7F9 W06E11.7 Q95ZK0 W06F12.1a Q9U9Y8 lit-1 encodes a serine threonine protein kinase homolog related to the Drosophila protein Nemo that is required for embryonic viability, plays a central role in controlling the asymmetry of cell divisions during embryogenesis, and affects EMS, MS, and C lineages; acts downstream of mom-2 with respect to polarity defects and mediates larval cell fate decisions that involve POP-1, and is expressed in most embryonic and larval cells. W06F12.1b Q9Y198 Loss of InTestine W06F12.1c Q8WQB7 Loss of InTestine W06F12.1d Q69YW9 Loss of InTestine W06F12.1e Q9UA07 Loss of InTestine W06F12.2a Q9U345 W06F12.2b Q9U344 W06F12.2c Q8WQB8 W06F12.3 O45897 W06G6.1 O18176 W06G6.10 Q9U341 W06G6.11 Q9U342 W06G6.12 Q9U337 W06G6.13 Q9NAN0 W06G6.2 Q9U339 W06G6.3 Q9U338 W06G6.6 Q9XU61 W06G6.7 Q9XU60 W06G6.8 Q9XU59 W06G6.9 Q9U340 W06H12.1 O62396 W06H3.1 Q9XXN2 W06H3.2 Q9XXN0 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W06H3.3 Q9XXN1 W06H8.1a Q9N5B7 These effects on RME-1 localization are also seen in homologous mutations of mRME-1, the mouse ortholog of RME-1. W06H8.1b Q9N5B8 Receptor Mediated Endocytosis W06H8.1c Q9N5B9 Receptor Mediated Endocytosis W06H8.1d Q966F0 Receptor Mediated Endocytosis W06H8.1e Q8WSP1 Receptor Mediated Endocytosis W06H8.1f Q86S80 Receptor Mediated Endocytosis W06H8.2 Q9N5C0 W06H8.4 Q9N5C1 W06H8.6 Q9N5B5 W06H8.7 Q966E9 W06H8.8a Q8MXU5 W06H8.8b Q65XY2 Temporarily Assigned Gene name W07A12.4 Q9XVW2 W07A12.5 Q9U336 W07A12.6 Q9XVW0 W07A12.7 Q9XVW1 W07A12.8 Q7YSL9 W07A8.1 Q9XUK6 W07A8.2a O62398 W07A8.2b Q8I0Q6 Ank repeat (4 domains) W07A8.3 O62397 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. W07A8.4 Q9XUK5 W07A8.5 Q9U335 W07B3.2a Q9TZ39 The protein product of this gene is predicted to contain a glutamine/asparagine (Q/N)-rich ('prion') domain, by the algorithm of Michelitsch and Weissman (as of the WS77 release of WormBase, i.e., in wormpep77). W07B3.2b Q9TZ38 GEX Interacting protein W07B3.2c Q9TZ40 GEX Interacting protein W07B3.2d Q8ITW3 GEX Interacting protein W07B3.2e Q7YZW8 GEX Interacting protein W07B3.2f Q65CL5 GEX Interacting protein W07B8.1 O16289 W07B8.3 O16286 W07B8.4 O16288 W07B8.5 P43509 cpr-5 encodes a cysteine protease. W07E11.1 Q22275 W07E11.2 Q23212 flp-3 encodes nine copies of a GTMRFamide-containing peptide that is predicted to function as a neuropeptide that inhibits pharyngeal action potential in a manner similar to octopamine without having a significant effect on basal resting membrane potential; expressed in three pairs of neurons IL1D, OL1, URB. W07E11.3a Q23213 flp-2 encodes a predicted FMRFamide-like peptide neurotransmitter; expressed in the pharyngeal neuron I5. W07E11.3b O61465 FMRF-Like Peptide W07E11.4 Q7YWT6 W07E6.1 Q9TYV5 W07E6.2 Q9TYV3 W07E6.3 Q9TYV2 W07E6.4 Q10577 W07E6.5 Q9TYV4 W07G1.1 Q9XUK4 W07G1.2 Q9XUK3 W07G1.3 Q9XUK2 W07G1.5a Q9XUK0 W07G1.5b Q69Z08 W07G1.6 Q9XUJ9 W07G1.7 Q9XUJ8 W07G4.1 Q23216 W07G4.2 Q23217 W07G4.3 Q23215 W07G4.4 Q27245 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W07G4.5 Q27408 W07G4.6 Q20338 W08A12.1a O01619 W08A12.1b Q95ZK4 W08A12.1c Q8WQB9 W08A12.2 O01620 W08A12.3 O01621 W08A12.4 O01622 W08D2.1 Q9TVJ1 egl-20 encodes a member of the WNT family of developmental signaling proteins that affects migration of QL and QR and their descendents; expressed in muscle and epidermal cells at the posterior of the worm. W08D2.3 Q23220 W08D2.4 Q23221 Each histidine residue in the H-boxes is required for function when assayed by site-directed mutagenesis. W08D2.5 Q27533 W08D2.6 Q23222 col-123 is homologous to the human gene A TYPE IV COLLAGEN (COL6A1; OMIM:303631), which when mutated is sometimes associated with diffuse leiomyomatosis. W08D2.7 Q23223 W08D2.8 Q21299 W08E12.1 Q9N5A8 W08E12.2 Q9N5B0 W08E12.3 Q9N5B1 W08E12.4 Q9N2L6 W08E12.5 Q9N2L6 W08E12.6 Q9N5B2 W08E12.7 Q9N5B3 W08E12.8 Q9N5B4 W08E12.9 Q9N5A9 W08E3.1 P91918 W08E3.2 P91916 W08E3.3 P91917 W08E3.4 P91915 W08F4.1 O02114 W08F4.10 O02112 W08F4.11 O02113 W08F4.12 Q8WQH4 W08F4.2 O02111 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). W08F4.3 O02109 W08F4.5 O02105 W08F4.6 O02106 W08F4.7 O02107 W08F4.8 O02108 W08F4.9 O02110 W08G11.1 Q7YTW2 W08G11.3 O18179 W08G11.4 O18178 W08G11.5 Q7YTJ5 W09B12.1 P38433 ace-1 encodes a class A acetylcholinesterase that functions redundantly with ACE-2 with respect to total class A acetylcholinesterase activity, and that genetically interacts with ace-2 and ace-3; ace-1 is expressed in the body wall muscle, sphincter muscle, head neurons, a few pharyngeal muscle cells, and the diagonal and spicule muscles of the male. W09B6.1a Q9GZI3 W09B6.1b Q7KQ29 W09B6.2 Q9GZI6 W09B6.3 Q9GZI7 W09B6.4 Q9GZI5 W09B6.5 Q9GZI4 W09B7.1 Q9N5A5 W09B7.2 Q9N5A6 W09B7.3 Q9N5A7 W09C3.1 P91534 W09C3.2 P91531 W09C3.3 P91530 W09C3.4 P91529 W09C3.6 O02658 W09C3.7 P91532 W09C3.8 P91533 W09C5.1 Q9XTD3 W09C5.2 Q9U334 Since double unc-59; unc-61 double mutants phenotypically resemble single mutants, it is unlikely that UNC-59 shares a partially redundant function (e.g., embryonic development) with their paralogs UNC-61A/B. W09C5.4 Q9U333 Like the mitogenic stimulators IGF-I and IGF-II, INS-33 does not contain the internal C peptide that is proteolytically cleaved from insulin, a metabolic regulator. W09C5.5 Q9XUJ7 W09C5.6a Q9U332 rpl-31 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L31 protein. W09C5.6b Q9U332 Ribosomal protein L31e W09C5.7 Q9U330 W09C5.8 Q9U329 W09C5.9 Q9U328 W09D10.1 O18181 W09D10.2 O18182 W09D10.3 O18180 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W09D10.4 O18183 W09D10.5 O18184 W09D12.1 Q23227 W09D12.2 Q23228 W09D12.3 Q86GB8 W09D6.1a Q9XUJ4 W09D6.1b Q8I104 W09D6.2 Q9XUJ6 W09D6.3 Q9XUJ3 W09D6.4 Q9XUJ5 W09D6.5 Q9XUJ2 W09D6.6 Q9XUJ1 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. W09G10.1 O16640 W09G10.3 O16638 W09G10.4a O16637 The apt-5 gene encodes an adaptin: specifically, it encodes an ortholog of the delta subunit of adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3). W09G10.4b Q95X88 AdaPTin or adaptin-related protein W09G10.5 O16641 W09G10.6 O16642 W09G12.1 O45203 W09G12.4 O45201 W09G12.5 Q965J6 W09G12.6 O45197 W09G12.7 O45198 W09G12.8 O45199 W09G12.9 O45200 W09G3.1a Q9U327 W09G3.2 O18188 W09G3.3 Q7YTU9 W09G3.5 O18189 W09G3.6 Q95Q36 W09G3.7a Q7YTU7 W09G3.7b Q7YTU8 W09G3.8 Q7YTG6 W09H1.1a Q9XUJ0 W09H1.1b Q7JKN1 W09H1.3 O45901 W09H1.4 O45902 W09H1.5 O45903 W09H1.6a P36573 lec-1 encodes a tandem repeat-type galectin in which each galectin domain is homologous to typical vertebrate 14-kDa-type galectins; the two sugar binding sites have distinct sugar binding properties in vitro and lec-1 is expressed most abundantly in the adult cuticle. W09H1.6b O45904 galectin W10C4.1 Q9N5A3 W10C6.1 O18191 mat-2 encodes a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APCC) which is a multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for degradation during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition of the cell cycle; mat-2 is required for chromosome segregation during meiosis I and is involved in polarity specification of the anterior/posterior axis in the developing embryo. W10C8.1 O45009 W10C8.3 O45008 W10C8.4a O45010 W10C8.4b Q86GV4 W10C8.5 O45011 W10D5.1 Q9U325 The mef-2 gene encodes the only MEF2 homolog in C. elegans, 'CeMEF2'; the alleged similarity of W04B5.3 to MEF2 is not well-attested. W10D5.2 Q94360 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W10D5.3a Q94363 gei-17 encodes a protein containing a MIZ domain (Msx-interacting-zinc finger) that affects embryonic viability, vulval development, and body morphology; interacts with GEX-3 in yeast two-hybrid assays. W10D5.3c Q94361 GEX Interacting protein W10D5.3d Q9U326 GEX Interacting protein W10D5.3e Q7Z0X4 GEX Interacting protein W10D5.3f Q7Z0X3 GEX Interacting protein W10D9.1 O17284 W10D9.2 O17283 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). W10D9.3 O17285 W10D9.4 O17286 W10D9.5 O17287 W10G11.1 O44922 W10G11.10 O44909 W10G11.11 O61212 W10G11.12 O44910 W10G11.13 O44911 W10G11.14 O44913 W10G11.15 O44914 W10G11.16 O44917 W10G11.17 O44918 W10G11.19 O44923 W10G11.2 O44921 W10G11.20 Q965K5 W10G11.3 O44920 W10G11.4 O44919 W10G11.5 O44916 W10G11.6 O44915 W10G11.7 O44912 W10G11.9 O44908 W10G6.1 Q94364 W10G6.2 Q94365 W10G6.3 O02365 All eleven intermediate filament proteins exhibit a lamin-like length of the coil 1b domain, but only the A and B subgroups have a lamin homology segment in the tail domain. Y102A11A.1 Q95XJ6 Y102A11A.2a Q95XK1 Y102A11A.2b Q7KWZ7 Y102A11A.3 Q95XK2 Y102A11A.4 Q95XK3 Y102A11A.5 Q95XK0 Y102A11A.6 Q95XJ9 Y102A11A.7 Q95XJ8 Y102A11A.8 Q95XJ7 Y102A11A.9 Q8MXR9 Y102A5A.1 Q9XTJ0 Y102A5B.1 O45529 Y102A5B.2 Q9XXJ5 Y102A5B.3 Q9XXJ6 Y102A5C.1 Q9XTF4 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y102A5C.10 Q9XX80 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y102A5C.12 Q9XX79 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y102A5C.13 Q9XX78 Y102A5C.14 Q9XX88 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y102A5C.15 Q9XX77 Y102A5C.16 Q9XX76 Y102A5C.17 Q9XX75 Y102A5C.18 Q9XX87 Since the efl-1 gene encodes an E2F/DP1 protein, it may be involved in apoptosis. Y102A5C.19 Q9XX86 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y102A5C.2 Q9XX92 Y102A5C.21 Q9XX73 Y102A5C.22 Q9XX72 Y102A5C.23 Q9XX71 Y102A5C.24 Q9XX70 Y102A5C.25 Q9XX69 Y102A5C.27 Q9XX67 Y102A5C.28 Q9XX85 Y102A5C.29 Q9XX84 Y102A5C.3 Q9XX91 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y102A5C.31 Q9XX66 Y102A5C.32 Q9XX83 Y102A5C.33 Q9XX65 Y102A5C.4 Q9XX90 Y102A5C.7 Q9XX82 Y102A5C.8 Q9XX81 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y102A5C.9 Q9XX89 Y102A5D.1 Q9XX64 Y102E9.1a Q23233 Y102E9.1b Q8I7F8 ODoRant response abnormal Y102E9.1c Q8I7F7 ODoRant response abnormal Y102E9.2 Q23232 Y102E9.3 Q23234 Y102E9.4 Q23235 Y102F5A.1 Q9XWT8 Y104H12BL.1 Q965Y6 Y104H12BR.1 Q95Y37 Y104H12D.1 Q9N5A1 Y104H12D.2 Q9N5A2 Y104H12D.3 Q966E7 Y104H12D.4 Q8MXU4 Y105C5A.1 Q9NF71 Y105C5A.10 Q9NF66 Y105C5A.11 Q9U324 Y105C5A.12 Q7K702 Y105C5A.13 Q9N678 Y105C5A.14 Q9U319 Y105C5A.15 Q9U323 Y105C5A.17 Q9U321 Y105C5A.22 Q9NF65 Y105C5A.23 Q9U320 Y105C5A.24 Q9NF64 Y105C5A.25 Q9NF63 Y105C5A.3 Q9N6L3 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y105C5A.4 Q9NF70 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y105C5A.5 Q9NF69 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y105C5A.6 Q9N6L3 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y105C5A.8 Q9NF68 Y105C5A.9 Q9NF67 Y105C5B.1 Q9U318 Y105C5B.10 Q9U312 Y105C5B.11 Q9U313 Y105C5B.12a Q8I4F1 Y105C5B.12b Q8I4F2 Y105C5B.13 Q9NAM6 Because of the high similarity of these genes, RNAi directed against any one of them may well inactivate all of them simultaneously, and it is thus not clear whether these genes comprise a functionally redundant set. Y105C5B.14 Q9U310 Y105C5B.15 Q9U309 Y105C5B.16 Q9NAM5 Y105C5B.17 Q9NAM4 Y105C5B.18 Q9NAM3 Y105C5B.19 Q9NAM2 Y105C5B.2 Q9U317 gcy-25 encodes a predicted guanylate cyclase. Y105C5B.20 Q9NAM1 Y105C5B.21 Q9U308 jac-1 encodes the C. elegans p120 catenin orthologue; by homology, JAC-1 is predicted to be a component of the cadherin-catenin complex (CCC); although loss of jac-1 activity via RNAi does not result in obvious defects, jac-1(RNAi) does enhance embryonic morphogenesis defects produced by weak loss-of-function mutations in hmp-1/alpha-catenin, suggesting that JAC-1 positively regulates cadherin-catenin function in the embryo; JAC-1 likely regulates this function by promoting association between the actin cytoskeleton and the cadherin-catenin complex; a JAC-1 reporter fusion localizes to embryonic adherens junctions in a manner that is dependent upon the presence of HMR-1/cadherin, with which it specifically interacts in the yeast two-hybrid system. Y105C5B.23 Q9NAL9 Y105C5B.25 Q9NAL8 Y105C5B.26 Q9NAL7 Y105C5B.27 Q9NAL6 Y105C5B.28 Q9U307 Y105C5B.29 Q7YWS9 Y105C5B.3 Q9NAM9 Y105C5B.4 Q9U316 Y105C5B.5 Q9U315 Y105C5B.6 Q9U306 Y105C5B.7 Q9U314 Y105C5B.8 Q9NAM8 Y105C5B.9 Q9NAM7 Y105E8A.1 Q9NF23 Y105E8A.10a Q8WQB2 Y105E8A.10b Q6EUT4 Y105E8A.10c Q6EUT3 Y105E8A.11 Q9NEY7 Y105E8A.12 Q8WQB1 Y105E8A.13 Q9NEY3 Y105E8A.14 Q8WQB0 Y105E8A.15 Q8WQA9 Y105E8A.16 Q8WQA8 rps-20 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S20 protein. Y105E8A.17 Q8WQA7 Y105E8A.19 Q8WQA5 Y105E8A.2 Q9NF22 Y105E8A.20 Q8WQA1 Y105E8A.21 Q9NEX6 Y105E8A.22 Q8WQA4 exc-4 encodes a highly conserved member of the chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) family of anion channels; EXC-4 is required during early stages of excretory cell tubulogenesis and appears also to play a role in vulval and seam cell development, which subsequently affects viability, fertility, and locomotion; EXC-4 is localized to the apical/lumenal membrane of the excretory cell and is also expressed in the hypodermis, vulva, and rectal gland cell. Y105E8A.23 Q8WQA3 Y105E8A.24a Q8WQA0 Y105E8A.24b Q7YTU1 Y105E8A.25 Q8WQA2 Y105E8A.26 Q8I103 Y105E8A.27 Q7YTU3 Y105E8A.28 Q7YTU2 Y105E8A.29 Q7YTJ0 Y105E8A.3 Q8WQB6 Y105E8A.4 Q9NEZ8 Y105E8A.5 Q9NEZ7 Y105E8A.6 Q9NEZ5 unc-95 encodes a LIM domain-containing protein related to Drosophila and vertebrate paxillins; UNC-95 is required for locomotion and organization of thick and thin filaments in body wall muscle; by homology, UNC-95 may function as an anchor protein that links signaling and cytoskeletal proteins at focal adhesions; in vitro, UNC-95 interacts with RNF-5, a RING finger protein that may function as an E3 ligase to regulate UNC-95 levels via ubiquitin-mediated degradation; UNC-95 is expressed in body-wall and vulval muscles, and co-localizes with RNF-5 to muscle dense bodies (focal adhesion-like attachment sites). Y105E8A.7a Q7K6X0 eat-2 and eat-18 alleles show allele-specific interactions. Y105E8A.7b Q7K6W9 LEVamisole resistant Y105E8A.7c Q86DB4 EATing: abnormal pharyngeal pumping Y105E8A.7d Q6EUT2 EATing: abnormal pharyngeal pumping Y105E8A.8 Q8WQB4 Y105E8A.9 Q8WQB3 The apt-1 gene encodes an adaptin: specifically, it encodes an ortholog of the gamma subunit of adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1). Y105E8B.1a Q22866 Cis-regulatory elements driving tmy-1 expression in intestine and pharynx are presently only defined within relatively large regions of the tmy-1 promoter. Y105E8B.1b Q95Q31 LEVamisole resistant Y105E8B.1c Q9GSR4 LEVamisole resistant Y105E8B.1d Q22866 LEVamisole resistant Y105E8B.1e Q27249 LEVamisole resistant Y105E8B.1f Q7K6W7 LEVamisole resistant Y105E8B.2a Q95Q35 Y105E8B.2b Q7YTV2 Y105E8B.3 Q95Q34 Y105E8B.4 Q9NF14 Y105E8B.5 Q9NF11 J gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE 1 (HPRT1), which when mutated leads to Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (OMIM:308000). Y105E8B.6 Q9NF10 Y105E8B.7 Q9NF15 Y105E8B.8a Q7YTU4 ero-1 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase that affects ER-stress response and affects reactive oxygen species levels. Y105E8B.8b Q7YTU4 Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidase Y105E8B.9 Q95Q32 Y105E8B.9 is orthologous to the human gene GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE ZETA 1 (MALEYLACETOACETATE ISOMERASE) (GUSB; OMIM:603758), which when mutated leads to disease. Y106G6A.1 Q9XWQ5 Y106G6A.2a Q9XWQ4 Y106G6A.4 Q9XWQ2 Y106G6A.5 Q9XWQ1 Y106G6D.1 Q9XX63 Y106G6D.2 Q9XX62 Y106G6D.3 Q9XX61 Y106G6D.4 Q9XX60 Y106G6D.6 Q9XX58 Y106G6D.7 Q9U304 Y106G6D.8 Q7K7C1 Y106G6E.1 Q9N667 Y106G6E.2 Q8WPJ8 Y106G6E.3 Q9XWE4 Y106G6E.4 Q9XWE6 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y106G6E.5 Q8STE5 One model for CED-12 activity is that formation and localization of a CED-2-CED-5-CED-12 ternary complex to the plasma membrane activates CED-10 (a C. elegans homolog of mammalian Rac), and leads, by a mechanism evolutionarily conserved in metazoa, to the cytoskeletal reorganization that occurs in the polarized extension of cell surfaces in engulfing cells and migrating cells. Y106G6E.6 Q8WQ99 Y106G6G.1 Q23311 Y106G6G.2 O18093 Y106G6G.3 Q9XWA8 Y106G6G.4 Q9XWA9 Y106G6G.5 Q9XWA7 Y106G6G.6 Q7YTG5 Y106G6H.1 Q9U301 Y106G6H.10 Q9U2Z7 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y106G6H.12 Q9U2Z6 Y106G6H.13 Q9XWS1 Y106G6H.14 Q9U2Z5 Y106G6H.15 Q9XWS0 Y106G6H.16 Q9XWR9 Y106G6H.2a Q9U302 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y106G6H.2b Q7K798 PolyA Binding protein Y106G6H.2c Q7K797 PolyA Binding protein Y106G6H.3 Q9XWS4 rpl-30 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L30 protein; by homology, RPL-30 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, loss of rpl-30 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities. Y106G6H.4 Q9XWS3 Y106G6H.5 Q9U300 The Y106G6H.5 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene SARDH, which when mutated leads to sarcosinemia, (OMIM:268900). Y106G6H.6 Q9U2Z4 Y106G6H.7 Q9XWS2 In addition, sec-8(RNAi) mutants exhibit abnormal gut vacuoles and slower growth than normal. Y106G6H.8 Q9U2Z9 Y106G6H.9 Q9U2Z8 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y108F1.1 Q965V5 Y108F1.2 Q8MXK4 Y108F1.3 Q8MXK5 Y108F1.4 Q8MXK3 Y108F1.5 Q8MXK2 Y108G3AL.1 Q17391 Y108G3AL.2 Q95Y35 Y108G3AL.3 Q95Y36 Y108G3AL.5 Q95Y31 Y108G3AL.6 Q95Y34 Y10G11A.1 Q95ZJ9 Y10G11A.2 Q8MPS5 Y10G11A.3 Q7YTJ8 Y110A2AL.1 Q9N495 Y110A2AL.10 Q9N496 Y110A2AL.12a Q9N493 Y110A2AL.12b Q9N494 Y110A2AL.13 Q9N492 Y110A2AL.14 Q9N491 sqv-2(RNAi) embryos display lethal embryonic phenotypes and several multinucleated embryonic cells like those seen in sqv-5(RNAi) embryos, implying that, like SQV-5, SQV-2 is required for early embryonic cytokinesis. Y110A2AL.2 Q9N497 Y110A2AL.3 Q9N498 Y110A2AL.4a Q86DM1 Y110A2AL.4b Q86DM0 Y110A2AL.5 Q9N4A0 Y110A2AL.6 Q9N4A3 Y110A2AL.7 Q9N4A2 Y110A2AL.8a Q6AW15 Y110A2AL.8b Q6AW16 PaTChed family Y110A2AL.9 Q9N499 Y110A2AM.1 Q965Y4 Y110A2AM.3 Q86S73 Y110A2AM.4 Q7Z149 Y110A2AR.1 Q9N488 Y110A2AR.2 Q9N490 ubc-15 encodes an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme predicted to mediate the covalent attachment of an activated ubiquityl moiety to a substrate protein; as loss of UBC-15 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of UBC-15 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; by sequence similarity, however, UBC-15 is predicted to function in protein modification and turnover. Y110A2AR.3a Q9N489 Y110A2AR.3b Q86S72 Y110A7A.10 Q9N597 aap-1(m889) animals are long-lived; when grown at 27 degrees C, they arrest their development as dauer larvae. Y110A7A.13 Q9U4A6 chp-1 encodes a protein containing two CHORD domains that is required for embryonic polarity, germline development, and vulval development. Y110A7A.14 Q9N599 pas-3 encodes that affects embryonic viability, growth, fertility, and locomotion. Y110A7A.17a Q9N593 Y110A7A.17b Q6AW18 Metaphase-to-Anaphase Transition defect Y110A7A.18 Q9N585 Y110A7A.1a Q9N583 Y110A7A.1b Q95Y84 HoloCentric chromosome binding Protein Y110A7A.3 Q9N587 unc-63 encodes an alpha subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) superfamily; UNC-63 is required for normal locomotion, and functions as a subunit of a ligand-gated ion channel that likely mediates fast actions of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and in the nervous system; when coexpressed with UNC-29 and LEV-1, non-alpha nAChR subunits, the resulting multimer can form levamisole-gated channels; UNC-63 is expressed in body wall muscle and in a large number of neurons; UNC-63 is a member of the UNC-38-like group of nAChR subunits. Y110A7A.5 Q9N589 mtm-1 encodes an ortholog of human myotubularin (MTM1), which when mutated leads to myotubular myopathy (OMIM:310400); mtm-1(RNAi)suppresses the endocytosis defect of let-512 mutants, indicating that MTM-1 negatively regulates LET-512 (a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase orthologous to yeast Vps34). Y111B2A.1 Q9BHM0 Y111B2A.10a Q9BHL4 Y111B2A.10b Q9BHL3 Y111B2A.11 Q9NEX4 Y111B2A.12 Q9NEX3 Y111B2A.13 Q9NEX2 Y111B2A.14 Q9NEX0 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y111B2A.15 O77081 Y111B2A.16 Q9NEW8 Y111B2A.17 Q9NEW7 Y111B2A.18 Q9NEW6 rsp-3 encodes a putative ortholog of human SF2/ASF and member of the SR protein family of nuclear phosphoproteins that are required for constitutive splicing and influence alternative splicing regulation; rsp-3 affects the development of oocytes together with rsr-1, and is required for late embryonic viability; SPK-1 binds directly to and phosphorylates the RS domain of RSP-3 in vitro and the mRNA of rsp-3 is predominantly expressed in the germline. Y111B2A.19 Q9NEW5 Y111B2A.2 Q9BHL9 Y111B2A.20 Q9BHL2 Y111B2A.21 Q9NEL0 Y111B2A.22 Q9NEL2 Y111B2A.24 Q9BHL0 Y111B2A.26 Q7YTV0 Y111B2A.27 Q7YTJ7 Y111B2A.28 Q7K6W2 Y111B2A.3 Q9NEM5 Y111B2A.4 Q9BHL8 Y111B2A.5a Q9NEM3 Y111B2A.8 Q9BHL6 Y111B2A.8 is orthologous to the human gene AMP-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE GAMMA SUBUNIT (PRKAG2; OMIM:602743), which when mutated leads to disease. Y111B2A.9a Q9BHL5 Y111B2A.9b Q7YTV1 Y113G7A.1 Q9U2Z3 Y113G7A.10 Q9U2Y6 Y113G7A.11 Q9U2Z2 Y113G7A.12 Q6EUT5 Y113G7A.13 Q9U2Y3 Y113G7A.14 Q9U2Y4 Y113G7A.15 Q95ZJ6 Y113G7A.16 Q8I4F0 Y113G7A.3 Q9U2Z1 Y113G7A.4 Q21609 Y113G7A.5 Q9TVI7 Y113G7A.6a Q9U2Z0 Y113G7A.6b Q9U2Y9 abnormal ThermoTaXis Y113G7A.8 Q9U2Y8 Y113G7A.9 Q9U2Y7 Y113G7B.1 Q9U2Y1 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y113G7B.11 Q9U2X3 Y113G7B.12 Q9NAL5 Y113G7B.14 Q9U2X2 Y113G7B.15 Q9U2X1 Y113G7B.16 Q9U2Y2 Y113G7B.17 Q9U2X0 Y113G7B.18 Q9NAL4 Y113G7B.2 Q9U2Y0 Y113G7B.21 Q9U2W7 Y113G7B.23 Q9U2W6 psa-4(os13ts); psa-1(os22ts) double mutants show much higher penetrance for phasmid socket absence than either mutation alone, and also show synthetic larval lethality at 22.5 deg_C. Y113G7B.24 Q9U2W9 Y113G7B.25 Q8I4E9 Y113G7B.26 Q7YWR8 Y113G7B.3 Q9U2W8 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y113G7B.4 Q9U2X9 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y113G7B.5 Q9U2X8 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y113G7B.6 Q9U2X7 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y113G7B.7 Q9U2X6 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y113G7B.8 Q9U2X5 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y113G7B.9 Q9U2X4 Y113G7C.1 Q9XWA6 Y116A8A.1 Q9U2W4 Y116A8A.2 Q9U2W1 Y116A8A.3 Q9U2W0 Y116A8A.4 Q9U2W3 Y116A8A.6 Q9U2W2 Y116A8A.7 Q9U2V8 Y116A8A.8 Q9U2W5 Y116A8A.9 Q9U2V9 Y116A8B.1 O62401 Y116A8B.4 O62402 Y116A8B.5 O62403 Y116A8C.1 Q9U2T6 Y116A8C.10 Q9U2V7 Y116A8C.11 Q9U2T3 Y116A8C.12 Q9U2S4 arf-6 encodes a small GTP-binding protein of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family that is orthologous to vertebrate ARF6; by homology, ARF-6 is predicted to function as a GTPase that regulates receptor-mediated endocytosis, and in C. elegans, ARF-6 is strongly expressed in the coelomocytes (highly endocytic cells located in the pseudocoelom) where it colocalizes in the cytoplasm and to a lesser degree at the plasma membrane with RME-1, a novel EH domain protein, and the myotubularins MTM-6 and MTM-9; loss of arf-6 activity via RNAi does not result in any obvious abnormalities. Y116A8C.13 Q9U2S8 Y116A8C.14 Q9U2S3 Y116A8C.15 Q9U2V6 Y116A8C.16 Q9U2V5 Y116A8C.17 Q9U2V4 Y116A8C.18 Q9U2V3 Y116A8C.19 Q9U2V2 Y116A8C.20 Q9U2V1 Y116A8C.21 Q9U2V0 Y116A8C.22 Q9U2U9 Y116A8C.23 Q9U2S2 Y116A8C.24 Q9U2U8 Y116A8C.25 Q9U2U7 Y116A8C.26 Q9U2U6 Y116A8C.27 Q9U2U3 Y116A8C.28a Q8I101 Y116A8C.28b Q8I102 Y116A8C.29 Q9U2U2 Y116A8C.3 Q9NAL1 Y116A8C.30 Q9U2S7 Y116A8C.32 Q9U2U1 Y116A8C.32 encodes an ortholog of splicing factor SF1, which enables 3' splice site recognition by binding U2AF65 and the intron branch site during splicing complex formation; Y116A8C.32 shares several domains with mammalian SF1 proteins (a U2AF65 binding domain, a hnRNP K homology domain, two RNA-binding zinc knuckles, and a proline-rich C-terminal domain), while also sharing a hydrophilic N-terminal domain (enriched for serine, arginine, lysine, and aspartate) with Drosophila but not mammalian SF1; Y116A8C.32's N-terminal domain resembles RS domains in other splicing proteins; Y116A8C.32 is required for embryonic viability, normally rapid growth, and proper body morphology. Y116A8C.33 Q9U2S0 Y116A8C.34 Q9U2S6 cyp-13 encodes a predicted cyclophilin that can function as a nuclease in vitro; functions to regulate DNA degradation and cell death in a genetic pathway with wah-1, cps-6, crn-1, crn-4, crn-5 and these proteins are believed to form a complex in vivo. Y116A8C.35 Q9U2U0 uaf-2 encodes an essential U2AF35 homolog clustered in an operon with cyp-13 (RRM/cyclophilin); UAF-2's sequence is somewhat atypical for U2AF proteins (it lacks an identifiable N-terminal RNA-binding RS domain, while having an glycine-rich C-terminal region). Y116A8C.36 Q9U2T9 tag-11/Y116A8C.36 encodes a homolog of human NCF1, which when mutated leads to chronic granulomatous disease (OMIM:306400). Y116A8C.37 Q9U2S5 Y116A8C.38 Q9U2T8 Y116A8C.4 Q9U2T1 Y116A8C.4 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; Y116A8C.4 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. Y116A8C.40 Q9U2T7 Y116A8C.41 Q9U2R9 Y116A8C.42 Q17348 Y116A8C.43 Q9U2U4 Y116A8C.44 Q7YWS0 Y116A8C.5 Q9U2T0 Y116A8C.5 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; Y116A8C.5 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. Y116A8C.6 Q9U2S9 Y116A8C.8 Q9U2T4 Y116A8C.9 Q9U2T2 Y116F11A.1 Q9U3T4 Y116F11A.3 Q9U3T3 Y116F11A.5 Q9U3T1 Y116F11A.6 Q9U3T5 Y116F11B.1 Q9NEK7 Uncloned locus that affects dauer formation and life span. Y116F11B.10a Q9NEJ8 Y116F11B.10b Q6EUT1 Y116F11B.11 Q9GRV6 Y116F11B.12a Q8I136 Y116F11B.12b Q8I136 UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase Y116F11B.13 Q9NEJ5 Y116F11B.14 Q9NEJ3 Y116F11B.2 Q9GNI8 Y116F11B.3 Q9GRV9 Y116F11B.5 Q9GRV7 Y116F11B.6 Q9NEK3 Y116F11B.7 Q9NEK2 Y116F11B.8 Q9NEK0 Y116F11B.9 Q9NEJ9 Y119C1A.1 Q9N582 Y119C1B.1 Q95Y76 Y119C1B.10 Q95Y75 Y119C1B.3 Q65XY1 Y119C1B.4 Q95Y83 Y119C1B.5 Q95Y82 Y119C1B.6 Q95Y81 Y119C1B.8a Q95Y80 Y119C1B.8b Q86S79 Y119C1B.9 Q95Y79 Y119D3A.1 Q966E2 Y119D3A.2 Q966E3 Y119D3A.3 Q966E4 Y119D3A.4 Q966E6 Y119D3B.11 Q95Y69 Y119D3B.12a Q8IAB3 Y119D3B.12b Q8IAB4 Y119D3B.13 Q95Y74 Y119D3B.14 Q95Y73 Y119D3B.15 Q95Y72 Y119D3B.16 Q95Y71 Y119D3B.17 Q95Y67 pes-4 encodes a protein that contains two type 1 KH domains, RNA-binding domains that are present in a diverse group of nucleic acid-binding proteins; pes-4 was identified in promoter-trapping screens and by homology, is predicted to function as an RNA-binding protein; however, the precise role of PES-4 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; a pes-4 reporter is expressed in three rectal epithelial cells from the L1 larval stage through adulthood and is also seen dispersed throughout the pharynx in all postembryonic stages. Y119D3B.18 Q95Y62 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y119D3B.19 P92151 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y119D3B.20 Q95Y60 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y119D3B.21 Q95Y68 Y119D3B.3 Q9BLB2 Y119D3B.4 Q95Y61 Y119D3B.5 Q9BLB2 Y119D3B.6 Q95Y63 Y119D3B.7 Q95Y64 Y119D3B.8 Q8IAB2 Y119D3B.9 Q95Y66 Y11D7A.1 Q9XWQ9 Y11D7A.10 Q9U2R7 Y11D7A.11 Q9XWR2 Y11D7A.12 Q9XWR1 Y11D7A.13 Q9XWQ6 Y11D7A.14 Q9XWR0 Y11D7A.2 Q9XWR8 Y11D7A.3 Q9XWR7 Y11D7A.4 Q9XWR6 rab-28 encodes a small GTPase homologous to the Rab GTPases that function in endocytosis, membrane fusion, and vesicular trafficking events; the precise biological role and expression pattern of rab-28 are not yet known. Y11D7A.5 Q9XWQ8 Y11D7A.6 Q9U2R8 Y11D7A.7 Q9XWR5 Y11D7A.8 Q9XWR4 Y11D7A.9 Q9XWR3 Y12A6A.1 Q9XXJ4 Y12A6A.2 Q9XXJ3 Y13C8A.1 Q9N581 Y13C8A.2 Q7KX53 Y14H12A.1 Q966E1 Y14H12B.1a Q9TYP7 Y14H12B.1b Q8ITV5 Y14H12B.2 Q9TYP8 Y15E3A.1a Q9U2R6 In vitro, NHR-91 has been reported to bind the GCNF response element TCA AGGTCA. Y15E3A.2 Q9U2R5 Y15E3A.3 Q9U2R4 Y15E3A.4 Q9U2R3 Y15E3A.5 Q8MPS4 Y16B4A.1 Q93705 Such proteins are known to act as transcription factors in vertebrate apoptosis. Y16B4A.2 Q17679 Y16E11A.1 Q9N487 Y16E11A.2 O17306 Y17D7A.1 O45905 Y17D7A.2 O45906 Y17D7A.3a O45907 Y17D7A.3b O45907 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family Y17D7A.4 O45317 Y17D7B.1 O45910 Y17D7B.2 O45909 Y17D7B.3 O45911 Y17D7B.4 O62404 Y17D7B.5 O62405 Y17D7B.6 O62406 Y17D7C.1 O62407 Y17D7C.2 O62408 Y17G7A.1 O45912 Y17G7B.1 Q9XXJ2 Y17G7B.10a Q9XXI6 Y17G7B.10b Q9XXI5 Y17G7B.11 Q9XXI4 Y17G7B.12 Q9XXI3 Y17G7B.13 Q9XXI1 Y17G7B.14 Q9XXI0 Y17G7B.15a Q9XXH8 cnt-1 encodes a homolog of centaurin beta, an Arf GTPase activating protein (Arf GAP) that also contains a pleckstrin homology domain and C-terminal ankyrin repeats; by homology, CNT-1 is predicted to function as an Arf GAP that stimulates Arf GTPase activity and links cell signaling with cytoskeletal rearrangements and membrane trafficking; however, as loss of cnt-1 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of cnt-1 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; cnt-1 is broadly expressed, being detected in the pharynx, excretory cell, spermatheca, distal tip cells of the gonad, neurons of the head and nerve ring, and anal epithelial cells; CNT-1 is able to bind the phosphoinositides PIP2 and PIP3 and upon production of PIP3, can translocate from the cytoplasm to the membrane. Y17G7B.15b Q9XXH9 PH (pleckstrin homology) domain, Ank repeat (2 domains) Y17G7B.17 Q9XXH7 Y17G7B.18a Q9U2R0 Y17G7B.18b Q9XXH6 Y17G7B.19 Q9XXH5 Y17G7B.20 Q8I4E8 Y17G7B.21 Q8I4E7 Y17G7B.22 Q8I4E6 Y17G7B.2a Q9U2R1 Y17G7B.2b Q9XXH4 Y17G7B.2c Q9XXH3 Y17G7B.3 Q9XXJ1 Y17G7B.3 is orthologous to the human gene HYDROXYACYLGLUTATHIONE HYDROLASE (HAGH; OMIM:138760), which when mutated leads to disease. Y17G7B.4 Q9XXJ0 Y17G7B.5a Q9XXI9 Y17G7B.5b Q7K7J6 yeast MCM (licensing factor) related Y17G7B.6 Q9XXI2 Y17G7B.7 Q10657 tpi-1 is orthologous to the human gene TRIOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE 1 (TPI1; OMIM:190450), which when mutated leads to disease. Y17G7B.8 Q9XXI8 Y17G7B.9 Q9XXI7 Y17G9A.1 Q9N483 Y17G9A.2 Q9N486 Y17G9A.3 Q9N485 Y17G9A.4 Q9N484 Y17G9A.5 Q9N482 Y17G9A.6 Q9N481 Y17G9A.7 Q9N480 Y17G9B.1 Q9N572 Y17G9B.2 Q9N573 Y17G9B.3 Q9N574 The Y17G9B.3 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene CYP7B1, which when mutated leads to pseudovitamin D deficiency rickets (OMIM:264700). Y17G9B.4 Q9N579 Y17G9B.5 Q9N580 Y17G9B.6 Q9N578 Y17G9B.7 Q9N577 Y17G9B.8 Q9N576 Y17G9B.9 Q9N575 Y18D10A.1 Q9XW25 Y18D10A.10 Q9XW21 Y18D10A.11 Q9XW20 Y18D10A.12 Q9XW11 Y18D10A.13 Q9XW10 C21orf5 resides in the interval of chromosome 21 between the CBR3 (carbonyl reductase 3) and the KIAA0136 genes; trisomy of human chromosome 21 is the most frequent aneuploidy at birth and results in the most common known genetic cause of mental retardation, Down Syndrome. Y18D10A.16 Q9XW18 Y18D10A.17 Q9XW17 Y18D10A.18 Q9XW07 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y18D10A.19 Q9U2Q8 fkb-2 encodes a peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase homologous to the mammalian FK506 immunosuppressant-binding protein 1A (FKBP1A, OMIM:186945, mutations associated with myocardial noncompaction); by homology, FKB-2 could function in a number of processes including protein folding, signal transduction, and regulation of muscle contraction; however, the precise role of FKB-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known,. Y18D10A.2 Q9XW24 Y18D10A.20 Q9XW16 Y18D10A.21 Q9XW04 Y18D10A.23 Q9XW19 Y18D10A.24 Q7YWS2 Y18D10A.25 Q8I4E5 fkb-8 encodes a predicted FKBP-type peptidylprolyl isomerase. Y18D10A.26 Q67X93 Y18D10A.3 Q9XW15 Y18D10A.4 Q9XW23 Y18D10A.5 Q9U2Q9 Y18D10A.6a Q8T5R4 nhx-8 encodes two isoforms of a sodium/proton exchanger expressed intracellularly within hypodermal seam cells, pharyngeal muscles, pharyngeal-intestinal and intestinal-rectal valve cells, and vulval cells; nhx-8 has no obvious phenotype in mass RNAi screens; NHX-8 is thought to prevent intracellular acidification by catalysing the electroneutral exchange of vesicular sodium for an intracellular proton. Y18D10A.6b Q8T5R3 Sodium/hydrogen exchanger family Y18D10A.8 Q9XW13 Y18D10A.9 Q9XW12 Y18H1A.1 Q9BL95 Y18H1A.10 Q9BL96 Y18H1A.11 Q8IU09 Y18H1A.2 Q9BL93 Y18H1A.3 Q9BL92 Y18H1A.4 Q9BL94 Y18H1A.6 Q9BL90 Y18H1A.7 Q9BL91 Y18H1A.8 Q9BL87 Y18H1A.9 Q9BL88 Y19D10B.1 Q966C9 Y19D10B.2 Q9N571 Y19D10B.3 Q9N570 Y19D10B.4 Q9N569 Y19D10B.5 Q966C8 Y19D10B.6 Q9N566 Y19D10B.6 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; Y19D10B.6 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. Y19D10B.7 Q9N565 Y19D2B.1 Q9XXH2 Y19D2B.2 Q7YSR6 Y1A5A.1 Q9XXT7 Y1A5A.2 Q9XXT6 Y1B5A.1 Q9N479 Y1H11.1 Q86S58 Y1H11.2 Q8T7Z3 Y20C6A.1 O62253 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y20C6A.2 Q9XXS3 Y20C6A.3 O45914 Y20F4.2 Q95XA8 Y20F4.3 Q95XA9 Y20F4.4 Q95XA7 Y20F4.5 Q95XA4 Y22D7AL.1 Q965P3 Y22D7AL.10 Q965Q1 Y22D7AL.11 Q965P8 Y22D7AL.12 Q965P5 Y22D7AL.13 Q965P4 Y22D7AL.14 Q965P2 Y22D7AL.15 Q965P1 Y22D7AL.16 Q965P0 Y22D7AL.2 Q965P6 Y22D7AL.3 Q965P7 Y22D7AL.4 Q965P9 Y22D7AL.5 P50140 hsp-60 is nuclear-encoded. Y22D7AL.6 Q965Q3 Y22D7AL.7 Q965Q5 Y22D7AL.8 Q965Q4 Y22D7AL.9 Q965Q2 Y22D7AR.1 Q9BKX1 Y22D7AR.10 Q9BKX4 Y22D7AR.11 Q9BKX3 Y22D7AR.12 Q9BKX0 Y22D7AR.13 O18512 Y22D7AR.14 Q86MI8 Y22D7AR.2 Q9BKX2 Y22D7AR.3 Q9BKY1 Y22D7AR.4 Q9BKY0 Y22D7AR.5 Q9BKX9 Y22D7AR.6 Q9BKX8 Y22D7AR.7 Q9BKX7 Y22D7AR.8 Q86MI7 Y22D7AR.9 Q9BKX6 Y22F5A.1 O62412 Y22F5A.2 O62413 Y22F5A.3 O62414 Y22F5A.4 O62415 Y22F5A.5 O62416 lys-2 is one of ten C. elegans lysozyme genes; as such, lys-2 can be predicted to have a role in lysozymal function including immune function. Y22F5A.6 Q9XXS1 lys-3 encodes one of a family of ten C. elegans lysozyme genes that are homologous to lysozymes in the amoeboid protozoon Entamoeba histolytica. Y23B4A.1 Q9N564 Y23B4A.2 Q9N563 Y23H5A.1a Q8MPQ5 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. Y23H5A.1b Q8MPQ4 Cysteinyl tRNA Synthetase Y23H5A.2 O76617 Y23H5A.3 O76616 Y23H5A.4 O76615 Y23H5A.5a O76614 ctn-1 encodes a protein that belongs to the alpha-catulin family of catenin-like proteins; the precise function of ctn-1 is not yet known; the CTN-1 promoter-GFP fusion protein is expressed in body wall, vulval and anal muscle tissues. Y23H5A.5b Q965I7 alpha-CaTuliN (catenin/vinculin related) Y23H5A.5c Q8T3U1 alpha-CaTuliN (catenin/vinculin related) Y23H5A.5d Q8MPQ6 alpha-CaTuliN (catenin/vinculin related) Y23H5A.7a O76618 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. Y23H5A.7b Q965I6 Cysteinyl tRNA Synthetase Y23H5B.1 Q9N471 Y23H5B.2 Q9N473 Y23H5B.3 Q9N475 Y23H5B.4 Q9N476 Y23H5B.5 Q9N477 Y23H5B.6 Q9N478 Y23H5B.7a Q965Y3 Y23H5B.7b Q8TA49 Y23H5B.7c Q86S71 Y23H5B.8 Q9N474 Y23H5B.9 Q9N472 Y24D9A.1a Q9N554 Y24D9A.1b Q8WTN0 Y24D9A.2 Q966C5 Y24D9A.4a Q966C6 rpl-8 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L7a protein required in mass RNAi assays for fertility, vulval development, and general health; the rpl-8 transcription unit has one nonsense transcript that is up-regulated in vivo by smg[-] mutations, indicating that rpl-8 is a natural substrate for SMG-mediated nonsense suppresssion; several other natural mRNA substrates of SMG suppression (e.g., rpl-3, rpl-10, rpl-12) have protein products that are involved in translation. Y24D9A.4c Q8T875 Ribosomal Protein, Large subunit Y24D9A.5 Q9N558 Y24D9A.6 Q9N556 Y24D9A.7 Q9N555 Y24D9A.8a Q966C7 Y24D9A.8 is orthologous to the human gene TRANSALDOLASE 1 (TALDO1; OMIM:602063), which when mutated leads to disease. Y24D9A.8b Q8T876 Y24D9B.1 Q9TYQ2 Y24F12A.1 Q9U2Q7 Y24F12A.2 Q9TVH6 Y24F12A.3 Q9U2Q6 Y24F12A.4 Q9U2Q5 Y25C1A.1 Q9TYL0 Y25C1A.10 Q9TYL7 Y25C1A.11 Q9TYL6 Y25C1A.12 Q9TYL5 Y25C1A.13 Q9TYL2 Y25C1A.2 Q9TYL1 Y25C1A.3 Q9TYL3 Y25C1A.4 Q9TYL4 Y25C1A.5 Q9TYL9 Y25C1A.5 encodes a beta subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex; in mass RNAi assays, Y25C1A.5 is required for fertility, adult viability, osmoregulation, and general health. Y25C1A.6 Q9TYM3 Y25C1A.7a Q9TYM2 Y25C1A.7b Q9TYM1 Y25C1A.8a Q9TYM0 Y25C1A.8b Q8ITV3 Y25C1A.9 Q9TYL8 Y26D4A.10 Q9U2P8 Y26D4A.11 Q9NAL0 Y26D4A.12 Q7YWT3 Y26D4A.13 Q7YWT2 Y26D4A.14 Q7YWT1 Y26D4A.2 Q9U2Q4 Y26D4A.3 Q9U2Q2 Y26D4A.4 Q9U2Q3 Y26D4A.5 Q9U2Q1 Y26D4A.6 Q9U2Q0 Y26D4A.8 Q9U2P6 Y26D4A.9 Q9U2P7 Y26E6A.1 O62418 Y26E6A.2 O62419 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y26E6A.3 Q7YWR7 Y26G10.1 Q9XTV1 Y26G10.2 Q9XTV0 Y27F2A.2 Q9N547 Y27F2A.3 Q9N549 Y27F2A.4 Q966C4 Y27F2A.5 Q9N552 Y27F2A.6 Q9N548 Y27F2A.7 Q966C3 Y27F2A.8 Q86MI6 Y27F2A.9 Q6AW17 Y2C2A.1 Q9N541 Y2H9A.1 Q9NH52 mes-4 encodes a SET domain-containing protein that also contains three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers; MES-4 is required maternally for normal germline development, but in contrast to MES-2, -3, and -6, does not appear to be required for somatic anteroposterior patterning; in germline development, MES-4 activity is essential for regulating active chromatin states and for excluding the MES-2/MES-3/MES-6 chromatin repression complex from the autosomes; MES-4 is also required for germline silencing of repetitive transgene arrays; MES-4 localizes to autosomes, and is detectable in the distal, mitotic region of the germline, in meiotic germ cells during late pachytene, and in oocytes; MES-4 is detected in all somatic and germline nuclei of the early embryo, but by the 100-cell stage, its expression becomes restricted to the primordial germ cells, Z2 and Z3; exclusion of MES-4 from X chromosomes requires the activity of the MES-2, -3, -6 complex. Y2H9A.2 Q9U2P4 Y2H9A.3 Q9U2P5 Y2H9A.4 P91990 Y32B12A.1 Q9XXG8 Y32B12A.3 Q9XXH0 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y32B12A.4 Q9XXH1 Y32B12A.5 Q9N6E3 Y32B12B.1 Q9XX36 Y32B12B.2 Q9XX35 Y32B12B.3 Q9XX34 Y32B12B.4 Q9XX31 Y32B12B.5 Q9XX33 Y32B12B.6 Q9XX32 Y32B12B.7 Q7YXA4 Y32B12C.1 Q9XX08 Y32B12C.2 Q9XX07 Y32B12C.3 Q9XX06 Y32F6A.1 Q9XXS2 Y32F6A.2 O45915 snf-10 encodes a member of the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family. Y32F6A.3 Q9U2P3 Y32F6A.4 Q8I4E4 Y32F6A.5 Q8I4E3 Y32F6B.1 O62421 Y32F6B.2 O62088 Y32F6B.3 O62422 Y32G9A.1 Q9BPM4 Y32G9A.10 Q9BPM7 Y32G9A.11 Q8MXQ6 Y32G9A.2 Q9BPM5 Y32G9A.3 Q9BPM8 Y32G9A.4 Q9BPM9 Y32G9A.5 Q9BPN1 Y32G9A.6 Q9BPN3 Y32G9A.8 Q9BPN5 Y32G9A.9 Q9BPN2 Y32G9B.1 Q965Y2 Y32H12A.1 Q9N539 Y32H12A.2 Q9N540 Y32H12A.3 Q9N538 dhs-9 encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (SDR). Y32H12A.4 Q9N537 Y32H12A.5 Q9N536 Y32H12A.6 Q9N535 Y32H12A.7 Q9N534 Y32H12A.8 Q9N533 Y32H12A.9 Q8IAB1 Y34B4A.10 Q8WSP0 Y34B4A.2 Q9N465 Y34B4A.3 Q8T4K5 Y34B4A.4a Q9N468 Y34B4A.4b Q86MI5 Y34B4A.5 Q95Y27 Y34B4A.6 Q95Y29 Y34B4A.7 Q9N470 Y34B4A.8 Q9N467 Y34B4A.9 Q95Y28 Y34D9A.1 Q9BL86 Y34D9A.10 Q9BL83 Y34D9A.11 Q6AW11 Y34D9A.2 Q9N452 Y34D9A.3a Q6AW13 Y34D9A.3b Q6AW12 Y34D9A.4 Q6AW14 The temperature-sensitive allele oj5 has joint sterile and uncoordinated phenotypes; a strong maternal embryonic lethal phenotype; 0-10% penetrance of larval arrest; and a protruding vulva phenotype. Y34D9A.6 Q9N456 Y34D9A.7 Q9N457 Y34D9A.8 Q9N455 Y34D9B.1a Q10662 Y34D9B.1b Q9N532 abnormal cell MIGration Y34F4.1 Q9GR66 Y34F4.2 Q9GR68 Y34F4.3 Q9GR67 Y34F4.4 Q95XC3 Y34F4.5 Q95XC2 Y35H6.1 Q9BKT3 Y35H6.3 Q9BKT4 Y36E3A.1 Q9XWZ4 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y37A1A.2 O45919 Y37A1A.3 O45920 Y37A1B.10 Q9U2P2 Y37A1B.11 Q9XXF6 egl-23 encodes one of 44 C. elegans TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channel subunits that contain two pore-forming domains and four transmembrane domains; egl-23 was originally defined by gain-of-function mutations that result in defects in locomotion, egg-laying, and enteric muscle activation; loss of egl-23 function via reversion or RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities suggesting that EGL-23 may function redundantly with other TWK channels; egl-23 does not, however, interact genetically with the UNC-93 group of TWKs encoded by unc-93, sup-9, and sup-10; the EGL-23 expression pattern is not yet known. Y37A1B.12 O45271 Y37A1B.13 Q9XXG5 Y37A1B.15 Q9TVW6 Y37A1B.1a Q9XTH8 Y37A1B.1b Q867Z9 Lateral Signaling Target Y37A1B.2a Q9XXG3 Y37A1B.2b Q9XXG2 Lateral Signaling Target Y37A1B.2c Q8I4E2 Lateral Signaling Target Y37A1B.2d Q8I4E1 Lateral Signaling Target Y37A1B.4 Q9XXG0 Y37A1B.5 Q9XXF9 Y37A1B.6 Q9XXG6 Y37A1B.7 Q9XXG7 Y37A1B.8 Q9XXF8 Y37A1B.9 Q9XXF7 Y37A1C.1a Q9XTE7 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y37A1C.1b Q9XTC4 Y37B11A.1 Q9BKQ4 Y37B11A.1 is orthologous to the human gene COLLAGEN TYPE VI, ALPHA 3 CHAIN (COL6A3; OMIM:120250), which when mutated leads to disease. Y37B11A.2 Q9BKQ3 Y37B11A.3 Q9BKQ2 Y37D8A.1 Q9XWV3 Y37D8A.10 Q9XWW1 Y37D8A.11a Q9XWW0 Y37D8A.11b Q69Z09 Y37D8A.12a Q9XWV9 Y37D8A.12b Q95ZJ5 Y37D8A.13 P90974 It has been suggested that cell fusion in C. elegans is achieved by a combination of cell fusion and polarized membrane recycling during morphogenesis (the 'fusomorphogenetic model'). Y37D8A.14 P55954 Y37D8A.15 Q9XWV7 flp-14 is conserved amongst free-living (Panagrellus redivivus) and parasitic (Haemonchus contortus) nematodes. Y37D8A.16 Q9XWV6 Y37D8A.17 Q9XWV0 Y37D8A.18 Q9XWV5 Y37D8A.19 Q9XWU9 Y37D8A.2 Q9XWV2 Y37D8A.21 Q9XWV4 Y37D8A.22 Q9XWU8 Y37D8A.23a Q9XTP4 Y37D8A.23b Q8I4E0 UNCoordinated Y37D8A.23c Q8I4D9 UNCoordinated Y37D8A.25 Q7YTJ3 Y37D8A.26 Q7YTJ4 Y37D8A.3 Q9XWV1 Y37D8A.4 Q9XWW5 Y37D8A.5 Q9XWW4 Y37D8A.6 Q9XWW3 Y37D8A.8 Q9XWU7 Y37D8A.9 Q9XWW2 Y37E11AL.1 Q9N441 Y37E11AL.2 Q9N443 Y37E11AL.3a Q9N444 Y37E11AL.3b Q86FM4 Y37E11AL.4 Q9N449 Y37E11AL.5 Q9N451 Y37E11AL.6 Q9N448 Y37E11AL.7 Q965Y1 Y37E11AL.8 Q965Y0 Y37E11AL.9 Q9N442 Y37E11AM.1 Q9N437 The components of the compensasome are generally conserved in metazoa: they thus are likely to act as a functional unit in C. elegans and other metazoa, and not merely in Drosophila alone. Y37E11AM.2 Q9N439 Y37E11AM.3 Q8WTM5 Y37E11AR.1 Q965X4 Y37E11AR.3a Q965X9 Y37E11AR.3b Q965X8 Y37E11AR.3c Q8MXT4 Y37E11AR.4 Q965X7 Y37E11AR.5 Q965X5 Y37E11AR.6 Q9U474 The vab-2 gene encodes an ephrin molecule related to human ephrin B2 (OMIM:600527); VAB-2, expressed primarily in neuronal cells, is a ligand for the VAB-1 ephrin receptor and plays a role in embryonic cell movements, epidermal morphogenesis during later embryogenesis, and oocyte maturation; VAB-2 synergizes with PTP-3, a LAR-like receptor tyrosine phosphatase, to regulate morphogenesis. Y37E11AR.7 Q86FM3 Y37E11B.10a Q9TYM8 Y37E11B.10b Q86FM2 Y37E11B.10c Q86FM1 Y37E11B.1a Q9TYN5 Y37E11B.1b Q7YZW9 Y37E11B.2 Q9TYN6 Y37E11B.3 Q9TYN4 Y37E11B.4 Q9TYN3 taf-2 encodes a member of the peptidase M1 family, a predicted aminopeptidase with similarity to human TBP-associated factor 2. Y37E11B.5 Q9TYN2 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y37E11B.6 Q9TYN1 Y37E11B.7 Q9TYN0 Y37E11B.9 Q9TYM9 Y37E11C.1a Q01630 Paradoxically, the repellent cue appears to be coexpressed with EGL-17 (a fibroblast growth factor-like protein that attracts sex myoblasts). Y37E11C.1b Q01630 UNCoordinated Y37E11C.1c Q01630 UNCoordinated Y37E3.1 Q9BKU9 Y37E3.10 Q9BKU3 Y37E3.11 Q9BKU2 Y37E3.13 Q9BKU0 Y37E3.15a Q9BKT9 Y37E3.15b Q9BKT9 Nuclear Pore complex Protein Y37E3.16a Q9BKT8 Y37E3.16b Q8IA95 Y37E3.17a Q9BKT7 Y37E3.17 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR IMAGE:4608862) (DMGDH; OMIM:605849), which when mutated leads to disease. Y37E3.17b Q6AW03 Y37E3.18 Q9BKT6 Y37E3.3 Q9GR61 Y37E3.4 Q9BKU8 Y37E3.5 Q9BKU7 Y37E3.7 P91913 rpa-1 encodes an acidic ribosomal subunit protein P1. Y37E3.8a Q9BKU5 Y37E3.8b Q9BKU6 Y37E3.9 Q9BKU4 Y37F4.1 Q95XA0 Y37F4.2 Q95XA1 Y37F4.3 Q95XA3 Y37F4.4 Q95XA2 Y37F4.5 Q75KS2 Y37F4.6a Q95X98 Y37F4.6b Q86S59 Y37F4.7 Q75KS1 Y37H2A.1 Q9U2N7 Y37H2A.10 Q9U2N3 Y37H2A.11 Q9U2N2 Y37H2A.3 Q9U2N6 Y37H2A.4 Q9U2P1 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y37H2A.5 Q9U2P0 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y37H2A.6 Q9U2N5 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y37H2A.7 Q9U2N4 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y37H2A.8 Q9U2N8 Y37H2A.9 Q9U2N9 Y37H2B.1 Q9XXF5 Y37H2C.1 Q9XXF4 Y37H2C.2 Q9U2N1 Both skr-5 and skr-6 are on the right arm of chromosome V, which perhaps reflects a local gene duplication from which they might have arisen. Y37H2C.3 Q9N609 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y37H2C.4 Q9U2N0 Y37H9A.1a Q9U2M9 Y37H9A.1b Q5ZEQ4 Y37H9A.2 Q9XWW6 Y37H9A.3 Q9U2M8 Y37H9A.6 Q9U2M7 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. Y38A10A.1 Q9UAX5 Y38A10A.2 Q9UAX6 Y38A10A.3 Q9UAX7 Y38A10A.4 Q9UAX8 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y38A10A.5 P27798 Y38A10A.6 Q9UAX9 Y38A10A.7 Q95X11 Y38A8.1 Q23236 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. Y38A8.2 Q23237 pbs-3 encodes a B-type subunit of the 26S proteasome's 20S protease core particle; by homology, PBS-3 is predicted to function in ATP/ubiquitin-dependent nonlysosomal protein degradation; loss of pbs-3 activity via large-scale RNAi screens indicates that, in C. elegans, PBS-3 is required for embryonic and germline development, movement, normal body coloration, and normal body morphology. Y38A8.3 Q23238 Y38C1AA.11 Q8MXT1 Y38C1AA.12 Q86FM6 Y38C1AA.1a Q8MXT3 Y38C1AA.1b Q8MXT2 PeRoxireDoXin Y38C1AA.1c Q86FM5 PeRoxireDoXin Y38C1AA.2 Q9N425 csn-3 encodes a subunit ortholog of the eukaryotic COP9/signalosome complex which promotes deneddylation of CUL-3 and is involved in the degradation of the microtubule-severing Katanin-like protein MEI-1 during mitosis; RNA interference of csn-3 results in spindle orientation and cytokinesis defects in the embryo. Y38C1AA.3 Q9N426 Y38C1AA.4 Q9N428 Y38C1AA.5a Q9N429 Y38C1AA.5b Q688Z8 Y38C1AA.6 Q9N430 Y38C1AA.7 Q9N431 Y38C1AA.8 Q9N433 Y38C1AA.9 Q9N432 Y38C1AB.1 Q9N2M0 Y38C1AB.2 Q9N2K9 Y38C1AB.3 Q9N2L3 Y38C1AB.4 Q9N531 Y38C1AB.5 Q7KX49 Y38C1AB.6 Q9N2K9 Y38C1AB.7 Q9N2L3 Y38C1AB.8 Q9N530 frm-5 encodes a protein that contains a FERM (Band 4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin) domain near the center of the molecule and two C-terminal PDZ domains; by homology, FRM-5 is predicted to function as a membrane-cytoskeleton linker protein that plays a role in cell adhesion, migration, or organization of cell surface structures; however, as loss of frm-5 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of FRM-5 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; the FRM-5 FERM and PDZ domains are most similar to those found in cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatases, even though FRM-5 does not appear to be a phosphatase. Y38C1BA.1 Q9N529 Y38C1BA.2a Q9N528 Y38C1BA.2b Q8MXU3 SyNapsiN Y38C1BA.3 Q9N527 Y38C9A.1 Q9UAZ3 Y38C9A.2 Q18905 Y38C9B.1 Q9N525 Y38C9B.2 Q9N526 Y38E10A.1 Q9NAK9 Y38E10A.10 Q9NAK1 Y38E10A.11 Q9NAK0 Y38E10A.12 Q9NAJ9 Y38E10A.13 Q9NAJ8 Y38E10A.14 Q9NAJ7 Y38E10A.15 Q9NAJ6 Y38E10A.16 Q9NAJ5 Y38E10A.17 Q9NAJ4 Y38E10A.18 Q9NAJ3 Y38E10A.19 Q9NAJ2 Y38E10A.2 Q9NAK8 Y38E10A.20 Q9NAJ1 Y38E10A.21 Q9NAJ0 rgs-4 encodes a regulator of G protein signaling; by homology, RGS-4 is predicted to function as a GTPase-activating protein that binds G protein alpha subunits and negatively regulates heterotrimeric G protein signaling; loss of rgs-4 activity via RNAi or a deletion mutation results in no obvious defects, and likewise, rgs-4 overexpression has no measurable effect on egg-laying behavior, locomotion, or viability; the RGS-4 expression pattern has not yet been reported. Y38E10A.22 Q9NAI9 Y38E10A.23 Q9NAI8 Y38E10A.24 Q9NAI7 Y38E10A.25 Q7YWR1 Y38E10A.26 Q7YWR0 Y38E10A.3 Q9NAK7 Y38E10A.4 Q9NAK6 Y38E10A.5 Q9NAK5 Y38E10A.6a Q9U2M6 Y38E10A.6b Q7K714 Y38E10A.7 Q9NAK4 Y38E10A.8 Q9NAK3 Y38E10A.9 Q9NAK2 Y38F1A.1 Q9XWM5 Y38F1A.10 Q9XWL8 Y38F1A.2 Q9XWM0 Y38F1A.3 Q9XWL9 Y38F1A.4 Q9XWM4 Y38F1A.5 Q9U2M5 cyd-1 encodes a cyclin D homolog that is required for escape from G1 cycle arrest in postembryonic blast cells, affects movement and larval viability, and may physically interact with CDK-46 and CKI-1; expressed embryonically primarily in the head, ventral cord, tail, and is later expressed primarily in the seam cells and in the somatic gonad. Y38F1A.6 Q9U2M4 Y38F1A.7 Q9XWM3 Y38F1A.8 Q9XWM2 Y38F1A.9 Q9XWM1 Y38F2AL.1 Q9N419 Y38F2AL.1 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; Y38F2AL.1 is worm-specific, with obvious homologs only in C. elegans; Y38F2AL.1 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. Y38F2AL.2 Q9N423 Y38F2AL.3a Q9XXU9 Y38F2AL.3b Q869J4 Vacuolar H ATPase Y38F2AL.4 P34546 Y38F2AL.5 Q9N418 Y38F2AL.6 Q8WTM4 Y38F2AR.1 Q95XS0 Y38F2AR.10 Q95XR9 Y38F2AR.11a Q95XR8 Y38F2AR.11b Q86FM9 Y38F2AR.12 Q95XR7 Y38F2AR.13 Q86FM8 Y38F2AR.2 Q95XS1 Y38F2AR.3 Q95XS3 Y38F2AR.4 Q27397 Y38F2AR.5 Q60F70 Y38F2AR.6 Q95XS6 Y38F2AR.7 Q95XS8 Y38F2AR.8 Q95XS7 Y38F2AR.9 Q95XS2 Y38H6A.1 Q9XWT9 Y38H6A.2 Q9XWU0 Y38H6A.3 Q9XWU1 Y38H6C.1 Q9XX57 Y38H6C.10 Q9XX51 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y38H6C.11 Q9XX49 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y38H6C.12 Q9XX38 Y38H6C.13 Q9XX48 Y38H6C.14 Q9XX47 Y38H6C.15 Q9XX46 Y38H6C.16 Q9XX45 Y38H6C.17 Q9XX44 Y38H6C.18 Q9XX43 Y38H6C.19 Q9XX41 Y38H6C.2 Q9XX39 Y38H6C.20 Q9XX42 Y38H6C.21 Q9XX37 Y38H6C.22 Q9XX40 abf-4 encodes a homolog of the antibacterial factor ASABF from Ascaris suum; ABF-4 may play a role in innate immunity, though at present the only evidence for its having an antimicrobial humoral function is its sequence similarity. Y38H6C.23 Q7YWQ9 Y38H6C.3 Q9XX55 Y38H6C.4 Q9XX54 Y38H6C.5 Q9XX53 Y38H6C.7 Q9XX52 Y38H6C.8 Q9XX56 Y38H6C.9 Q9XX50 Y38H8A.1 Q9XXR8 Y38H8A.2 O62427 Y38H8A.3 O62426 Y38H8A.4 O62424 Y38H8A.5 O62425 The Y38H8A.5 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene ZNF195 (or p57KIP2), which when mutated leads to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (OMIM:130650). Y38H8A.7 Q7K7Q1 Y39A1A.10 Q9XX23 Y39A1A.11 Q9XX28 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y39A1A.12 Q9XX17 Y39A1A.12 encodes a homolog of origin recognition complex 1, which is also a distant paralog of CDC-6; both Y39A1A.12 and CDC-6 encode homologs of the origin complex which, in yeast, controls the start of DNA replication; whether either Y39A1A.12 or CDC-6 are required for this function in C. elegans, individually or in parallel, is unknown. Y39A1A.13 Q9XX16 Y39A1A.14 Q9XX15 Y39A1A.15a Q9XX14 Y39A1A.15b Q9U2M2 Ank repeat (2 domains) Y39A1A.15c Q9XX09 Ank repeat (2 domains) Y39A1A.15d Q7Z1J5 CeNTaurin Y39A1A.16 Q9XX13 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y39A1A.17 Q9XX12 Y39A1A.18 Q9XX29 Y39A1A.19 Q9NAI6 The fmo-13 gene encodes a homolog of the human genes FMO1, FMO2, and FMO3, which when mutated lead to trimethylaminuria (OMIM:602079). Y39A1A.1a Q9XX21 Y39A1A.1b Q86MP3 Y39A1A.2 Q9XX22 Y39A1A.20 Q9XX30 Y39A1A.21a Q9XX11 Y39A1A.22 Q9XX10 Y39A1A.23 Q95Q27 Y39A1A.24 Q9XX20 Y39A1A.3 Q9XTC1 Y39A1A.5 Q8I100 Y39A1A.6 Q9XX18 Y39A1A.7 Q9XX25 Y39A1A.8 Q9XX26 Y39A1A.9 Q9XX27 Y39A1B.1 Q9XXS0 Y39A1B.2 Q9XXR9 Y39A1B.3 Q9U2M1 Condensin is a multi-subunit protein complex that acts as an essential regulator of chromosome condensation. Y39A1C.1 Q9XXE7 Y39A1C.2 Q9XXE6 Y39A1C.3 Q9XTJ6 Y39A1C.4 Q9XXE8 Y39A3A.2 Q9N522 Y39A3A.3 Q9N521 Y39A3A.4 Q9N520 Y39A3A.5 Q7KX46 Y39A3B.1 Q9N516 Y39A3B.2 Q9N517 Y39A3B.3 Q9N518 Y39A3B.4 Q9N519 Y39A3B.5a Q9N515 Y39A3B.5b Q5W7E7 Y39A3CL.1 Q9N412 Y39A3CL.2 Q9N415 Y39A3CL.3 Q9N416 Y39A3CL.4a Q965X3 Y39A3CL.4b Q965X2 Y39A3CL.5a Q8IAA9 clp-4 encodes a large calpain subunit that is homologous to Drosophila CalpainB and the mammalian muscle-specific Calpain 3 proteins (OMIM:114240, mutations are associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy); by homology, CLP-4 is predicted to function as a nonlysosomal, calcium-dependent, cysteine protease that is involved in intracellular proteolysis and peptidolysis; however, as loss of clp-4 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of CLP-4 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. Y39A3CL.5b Q8IAA8 CaLPain family Y39A3CL.6 Q9N413 Y39A3CL.7a Q965X1 Y39A3CL.7b Q65XX5 Y39A3CR.1a Q9N405 Y39A3CR.1b Q86DC9 SMN (survival of motor neuron) protein Interactor Y39A3CR.3 Q9N407 Y39A3CR.4 Q9N408 C. elegans DDP and human DDP-1 are thus expected to mediate protein import in mitochondria. Y39A3CR.5 Q9N409 Y39A3CR.6 Q9N410 Y39A3CR.7 Q9N411 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y39A3CR.8 Q9N404 Y39B6A.1 Q9NES7 Y39B6A.10 Q9NET7 Y39B6A.11 Q9NET8 Y39B6A.12 Q8MYP3 Y39B6A.13 Q9NEU1 Y39B6A.14 Q9NEU2 Y39B6A.15 Q8MYP2 Y39B6A.16 Q8MYP1 Y39B6A.17a Q8MYP0 Y39B6A.17b Q7YXC6 nuclear hormome receptor Y39B6A.18 Q8MYN9 Y39B6A.19 Q9NEV3 Y39B6A.2 Q9NES8 Y39B6A.20 Q9TVS4 asp-1 encodes a homolog of cathepsin D aspartic protease; it is transcribed exclusively in intestinal cells of the late embryo and early larvae and is not observed in older larvae or adults; ASP-1 is dispensable for neuronal degeneration. Y39B6A.22 Q8MYN7 Y39B6A.23 Q8MYN6 Y39B6A.24 Q8MYN5 Y39B6A.25 Q8MYN4 Y39B6A.26 Q8MYN3 Y39B6A.27 Q8MYL9 Y39B6A.28 Q8MYN2 Y39B6A.29 Q9NEU8 Y39B6A.3 Q9NES9 Y39B6A.30 Q8MYN1 Y39B6A.31 Q9NEU6 Y39B6A.32 Q8MYN0 Y39B6A.33 Q9NEU5 Y39B6A.34 Q8MYM9 Y39B6A.35 Q9NEU3 Y39B6A.36 Q8MYM8 Y39B6A.37 Q8MYM7 Y39B6A.38 Q8MYM6 Y39B6A.39 Q9NEI6 Y39B6A.4 Q9NET1 Y39B6A.40 Q8MYM5 Y39B6A.41 Q9NEI8 Y39B6A.42 Q8MYM4 Y39B6A.43a Q8MYM3 Y39B6A.43b Q8I0Z8 Y39B6A.46 Q8MYM0 Y39B6A.47 Q9NEV6 Y39B6A.48 Q8I0Z9 hot-2 encodes a predicted paralog of ODR-2 and contains a Ly-6 domain. Y39B6A.5 Q9NET2 Y39B6A.6 Q9NET3 Y39B6A.7 Q9NET4 Y39B6A.8 Q8MYP4 Y39B6A.9 Q9NET6 Y39C12A.1 Q9U2L2 Y39C12A.3 Q9U2L8 Y39C12A.5 Q9U2L6 Y39C12A.6 Q9U2L5 Y39C12A.7 Q9U2L3 Y39C12A.8 Q9U2L4 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. Y39C12A.9 Q9U2L1 Y39D8A.1a Q8MXE3 Y39D8A.1b Q8MXE2 Y39D8A.1c Q8MXE1 Y39D8A.1d Q7KNQ5 Y39D8B.1 Q60F74 Y39D8B.3 Q9N511 Y39D8C.1 Q9TXV8 The abt-4 gene encodes a putative ABC transporter homologous to human ABCR; mutation of human ABCR leads to Stargardt disease (OMIM:248200) or Tangier disease (OMIM:205400). Y39E4A.1 O45921 Y39E4A.2a O45922 Y39E4A.2b O45923 Toxin-regulated Target of p38MAPK Y39E4A.3 O45924 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y39E4B.1 Q9U2K8 Y39E4B.10 Q9U2K2 Y39E4B.11 Q9U2K9 Y39E4B.12a Q95ZJ1 gly-5 encodes a predicted member of the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (ppGaNTase) family. Y39E4B.12b Q95ZJ1 GLYcosylation related Y39E4B.12c Q95ZJ1 GLYcosylation related Y39E4B.13 Q9U2L0 Y39E4B.2 Q9U2K7 Y39E4B.3a Q9U2K1 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y39E4B.3b Q69YZ1 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein Y39E4B.3c Q69YZ0 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein Y39E4B.4 Q9U2K6 Y39E4B.5 Q9U2K5 Y39E4B.6 Q9U2K4 Y39E4B.7 Q9U2K0 Y39E4B.8 Q9U2J7 Y39E4B.9 Q9U2K3 thurigensis. Y39F10A.1 Q9TYP0 Y39F10A.2 Q9TYN9 Y39F10A.3 Q9TYN8 Y39F10B.1a Q9N510 Y39F10B.1b Q86S78 Y39F10C.1 Q9TYM7 Y39G10AL.1 Q9N402 Y39G10AL.2 Q9N403 Y39G10AL.3 Q9Y0G1 The cdk-7 gene encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase orthologous to human CDK7 (OMIM:601955) that is a component of the general transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) complex; CDK-7 is required during embryogenesis for mRNA transcription and phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II on serine 2 and serine 5, as well as for cell cycle progression, maintenance of ploidy, and completion of meiosis following fertilization. Y39G10AR.13 Q9GSQ0 Kinetochore assembly is apparently normal in icp-1(RNAi) embryos. Y39G10AR.14 Q95XQ8 mcm-4 encodes a member of the MCM2/3/5 family with similarity to human MCM4 minichromosome maintenance deficient 4 protein, and affects embryonic viability, nuclear morphology in early embryos, and larval viability. Y39G10AR.2 Q95XP9 Y39G8B.10 Q7YWR4 Y39G8B.1a Q9NAI5 Y39G8B.1b Q9U2J6 Y39G8B.2 Q9U2J5 Y39G8B.3 Q9U2J4 Y39G8B.4 Q9U2J1 Y39G8B.5 Q9U2J3 Y39G8B.7 Q9U2J2 Y39G8B.9 Q7YXD7 Y39G8C.1 Q9BHK7 Y39G8C.2 Q9BHK8 Y39G8C.4 Q7YTG4 Y39H10A.1 Q9N3Z1 Y39H10A.2 Q9N3Z2 Y39H10A.3a Q965W9 Y39H10A.3b Q6F3C7 MTM (myotubularin) family Y39H10A.4 Q9N3Z9 Y39H10A.5 Q9N3Z7 Y39H10A.6 Q965W8 Y39H10A.7a Q9N3Z3 chk-1 encodes a CHK1-like serine threonin protein kinase that affects fertility. Y39H10A.7b Q86FM7 CHeckpoint Kinase Y39H10B.1 Q9UAX4 Y40A1A.1 Q8IU10 Y40A1A.2 Q8IU11 Y40A1A.3 Q86N74 Y40B10A.1 Q965W1 Y40B10A.2 Q965W3 Y40B10A.3 Q965W7 Y40B10A.4 Q965W6 Y40B10A.5 Q965W5 Y40B10A.6 Q965W4 Y40B10A.7 Q8WTM3 Y40B10A.8 Q965W2 Y40B10A.9 Q965W0 Y40B10B.1 Q9UAX2 Y40B10B.2 Q9UAX3 Y40B1A.1 Q9XW29 Y40B1A.2 Q9XW28 Y40B1A.3 Q9XW27 Y40B1A.4 Q9XW26 Y40B1A.5 Q7YWR5 Y40B1B.3 Q9XWP5 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y40B1B.5 Q9XWP7 Y40B1B.6 Q9XWP6 Y40B1B.7 Q9XWP4 Y40B1B.8 Q9U2J0 Y40C5A.1 Q9N3Z0 Y40C5A.2 Q9N3Y9 Y40C5A.3 Q9N3Y8 Y40C5A.4a Q9N3Y7 Y40C5A.4b Q8WTM2 Y40C7B.1 Q9N506 Y40C7B.3 Q9N507 Y40C7B.4 Q9N509 Y40C7B.5 Q9N505 Y40D12A.1a O76726 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y40D12A.1b Q8I931 Y40D12A.2 O76725 Y40D12A.3 O76724 Y40G12A.1 Q965V9 Y40G12A.2 Q8MNY0 Y40H4A.1a Q9U7D5 Y40H4A.1b Q9U7D5 G-protein-linked Acetylcholine Receptor Y40H4A.2 Q9XW30 Y40H7A.1 Q9XWA2 Y40H7A.10 Q9XWA4 Y40H7A.11 Q9XW97 Y40H7A.2 Q9XWA1 Y40H7A.3 Q9XWA3 Y40H7A.4 Q9XWA5 Y40H7A.5 Q9XWA0 Y40H7A.6 Q9XW96 Y40H7A.7 Q9XW99 Y40H7A.8 Q9XTE9 Y40H7A.9 Q9XW98 Y41C4A.1 Q9U2I9 Y41C4A.10 Q9XWU4 Y41C4A.11 Q9XWU3 Y41C4A.11 encodes a divergent paralog of F38E11.5, the beta' (beta-prime) subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex; unlike F38E11.5, Y41C4A.11 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays. Y41C4A.12a Q9U2I3 Y41C4A.12b Q8I4D6 Y41C4A.13 Q9XWU2 Y41C4A.14 Q9U2I2 mrt-2(e2663) animals specifically fail to show a transient arrest of mitosis that is normally induced in distal germ cells by radiation. Y41C4A.16 Q86MP1 Y41C4A.17 Q8I4D5 Y41C4A.18 Q8I4D4 Y41C4A.19 Q86MP2 Y41C4A.2 Q9U2I8 Y41C4A.3 Q9XWU6 Y41C4A.4a Q9U2I1 crh-1 encodes a homolog of the cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB); crh-1 is involved in the transcription of CRE-sequence dependant genes activated by a CaM kinase cascade; crh-1may also be involved in the integration of environmental cues that induce daur formation and may be part of a chemosensory cascade that regulates TGF-beta signaling; CRH-1 is ubiquitously expressed and localizes to nuclei. Y41C4A.4b Q9U2I0 CREB Homolog Y41C4A.4c Q8I4D8 CREB Homolog Y41C4A.4d Q8I4D7 CREB Homolog Y41C4A.4e Q8I0N6 CREB Homolog Y41C4A.5 Q9U2I7 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y41C4A.6 Q9U2I6 Y41C4A.7 Q9U2I5 Y41C4A.8 Q9XWU5 Y41C4A.9 Q9U2I4 Y41D4A.1 Q95Y21 Y41D4A.2 Q95Y22 Y41D4A.3 Q8WTM1 Y41D4A.4 Q95Y24 Y41D4A.5 Q95Y26 Y41D4A.6 Q95Y25 Y41D4A.7 Q95Y23 Y41D4A.8 Q95Y20 An extract from flesh fly (Neobellieria bullata) central nervous systems was used to screen cells expressing Drosophila FR; this identified two endogenous peptides, APPQPSDNFIRFamide (Neb-FIRFamide) and pQPSQDFMRFamide (Neb-FMRFamide) as being CG2114 ligands; the Drosophila equivalents of these FMRFamides (DPKQDFMRFamide, TPAEDFMRFamide, SDNFMRFamide, SPKQDFMRFamide, and PDNFMRFamide) activated CG2114. Y41D4B.1 Q95Y02 Y41D4B.10 Q95Y10 Y41D4B.11 Q95Y11 Y41D4B.12a Q95Y12 Y41D4B.12b Q8MXT0 Y41D4B.13 Q9NHC3 CED-2 protein interacts physically with the DOCK180 homolog CED-5. Y41D4B.14 Q95Y14 Y41D4B.15 Q95Y16 Y41D4B.16 Q95Y17 Y41D4B.17 Q95Y18 Y41D4B.18 Q95Y19 Y41D4B.19a Q95Y13 Y41D4B.19b Q95Y15 Nuclear Pore complex Protein Y41D4B.20 Q95Y08 Y41D4B.21 Q95Y05 Y41D4B.22 Q95Y01 Y41D4B.24 Q95XZ9 Y41D4B.26 Q8WSN8 Y41D4B.4 Q8WSN7 Y41D4B.5 Q95Y04 rps-28 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S28 protein. Y41D4B.6 Q95Y06 Y41D4B.7 Q8WSN9 Y41D4B.8 Q95Y07 Y41D4B.9 Q95Y09 Y41E3.1 O62436 Y41E3.10 Q9U2H9 Y41E3.11 Q9U2H8 Y41E3.12 Q9U2H7 Y41E3.13 Q9U2H6 Y41E3.14 Q9NAI0 Y41E3.15 Q9U2H5 Y41E3.16 Q9U2H3 Y41E3.16 encodes an unfamiliar protein with an N-terminal DNA-binding SAP domain and extensive regions of low-complexity sequence, which has no clear homologs outside of nematodes; the Y41E3.16 transcription unit has a natural nonsense transcript that is up-regulated in vivo by smg[-] mutations, indicating that Y41E3.16 is a natural substrate for SMG-mediated nonsense suppresssion; since several other natural mRNA substrates of SMG suppression (e.g., rpl-3, rpl-8, rpl-10a, rpl-12) have protein products that are involved in translation, Y41E3.16 protein may function in translation as well. Y41E3.2 O62432 dpy-4 is an uncloned gene required for normal body length; dpy-4 was first identified with the mutagen ICR. Y41E3.3 O62433 Y41E3.4 O62431 ers-1 encodes a glutaminyl (Q) tRNA synthetase that affects growth and embryonic and larval viability in large-scale RNAi screens; it is predicted to be mitochondrial. Y41E3.6 O62434 Y41E3.7 O62444 Y41E3.8 O62437 Y41E3.9 Q9U2H4 Y41E3.9 might thus be involved either in DNA repair, or in the synaptonemal stage of normal mitosis, or both. Y41G9A.1 Q9N4Z9 osm-5 males are defective in their response to hermaphrodite-derived diffusible cues. Y41G9A.2 Q9N500 Y41G9A.3 Q9N501 Y41G9A.4a Q9N502 Y41G9A.4b Q8WTM9 Y41G9A.5 Q9N503 Y41G9A.6 Q9N4Z8 Y42A5A.1 Q9U2H2 Y42A5A.2 Q9XWZ6 Y42A5A.3 Q9XWZ5 Y42A5A.4 Q9U2H1 Y42A5A.5 Q7YWR3 Y42G9A.1 Q9N4Z2 Y42G9A.2 Q9N4Z4 Y42G9A.3a Q9N4Z5 Y42G9A.3b Q86DD0 Y42G9A.4a Q9N4Z7 The Y42G9A.4 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene MEVALONATE KINASE (MVK), which when mutated leads to mevalonicaciduria (OMIM:251170). Y42G9A.4b Q65XX9 Y42G9A.4c Q65XX8 Y42G9A.4d Q65XY0 Y42G9A.6 Q9N4Z3 Y42H9AR.1 Q9N3Y1 Y42H9AR.2 Q9N3Y5 Y42H9AR.3 Q9N3Y4 Y42H9AR.4 Q9N3Y3 Y42H9AR.5 Q95XZ8 Y42H9B.1 Q9N3X9 Y42H9B.2 Q9N3X8 Y42H9B.3 Q9N3X7 Y43B11AL.1 Q965V6 Y43B11AL.2a Q965V8 Y43B11AL.2b Q7YXU6 7TM chemoreceptor, srx family Y43B11AR.1 Q9N3X4 Y43B11AR.2 Q9N3X5 Y43B11AR.3 Q9N3X3 Y43B11AR.4 Q9N3X2 rps-4 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S4 protein. Y43B11AR.5 Q86B42 Y43C5A.1 Q9XXF2 Y43C5A.2 Q9XXE9 Y43C5A.3 Q9XXF1 Y43C5A.4 Q9XXF0 Y43C5A.5 Q9XXF3 Y43C5A.6a Q95Q25 Epistatic analysis indicates that RAD-51 acts after SPO-11 induces double-stranded breaks in meiotic DNA and CHK-2 causes chromosomal synapsis. Y43C5A.6b O44246 RADiation sensitivity abnormal/yeast RAD-related Y43C5B.2 Q9XXE5 Y43C5B.3 Q9XTH0 Y43D4A.1 Q9NF30 Y43D4A.2 Q9NF29 Y43D4A.3 Q9NF28 Y43D4A.4 Q9NF27 Y43D4A.5 Q9NF26 Y43D4A.6 Q9NF25 Y43D4A.7 Q95ZJ0 Y43E12A.1 O45926 Y43E12A.2 O45925 Y43E12A.3 O45927 Y43F11A.1 Q9TVU3 Y43F11A.2 Q9U2H0 Y43F11A.3 Q9U2G7 Y43F11A.4 Q9TVU3 Y43F11A.5 Q9U2G8 Y43F4A.1a O62446 Y43F4A.1b Q7Z1J4 Y43F4A.3 O45929 Y43F4A.4 O45930 Y43F4B.1 O62447 Y43F4B.10 Q8MPP5 Y43F4B.2 O45931 Y43F4B.3 O45932 Y43F4B.4 O45933 Y43F4B.5a O45934 Y43F4B.5b Q86DA0 Y43F4B.6 O45935 klp-19 encodes a plus-end-directed microtubule motor protein that is most closely related to motors of the kinesin-4 family; KLP-19 activity is essential for embryonic and larval development and is required for generating a force that aligns sister chromatid kinetochores directly opposite the spindle poles thus ensuring proper holocentric chromosome segregation; KLP-19 expression is detected in embryos and in the gonad, where it is most strongly expressed in distal mitotic nuclei and in late meiotic prophase nucleoplasm; during meiosis and mitosis, KLP-19 expression is dynamic and is detected in the nucleoplasm, the spindle body, in association with condensed chromosomes (particularly between homologous chromosomes), and in the spindle interzone. Y43F4B.7 O45936 Y43F4B.8 O45937 Y43F4B.9 Q95Q24 Y43F8A.1 Q9XWL6 Y43F8A.2 Q9U2G6 Y43F8A.3 Q9XWL5 Y43F8A.4 Q9XWL4 Y43F8A.5 Q9XWL3 Y43F8B.10 Q9XWY0 Y43F8B.11 Q9XWY1 Y43F8B.12 Q9XWX0 Y43F8B.13 Q9XWY2 Y43F8B.14 Q9XWW9 Y43F8B.1a Q9XWX8 Y43F8B.1b Q8I4D3 Y43F8B.2a Q9XWX7 Y43F8B.2b Q9XWX6 Y43F8B.3 Q9XWX5 Y43F8B.4 Q9XWX4 Y43F8B.5 Q9XWX3 Y43F8B.6 Q9XWX9 Y43F8B.7 Q9XWX2 Y43F8B.9 Q9XWX1 Y43F8C.1 Q9XWP3 Y43F8C.10 Q9XWN9 Y43F8C.11 Q9XWN8 Y43F8C.12 Q9U2G5 mrp-7 encodes a predicted ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that is a member of the ABCC subfamily of ABC transporters that includes the multidrug resistance-associated proteins and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; by homology, MRP-7 is predicted to function as an ATP-dependent organic anion transporter that transports molecules across the plasma membrane into the extracellular space; at present, the precise role of MRP-7 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. Y43F8C.13 Q9XWN7 Y43F8C.14 Q9XWN6 Y43F8C.15 Q9XWM9 Y43F8C.16 Q9XWN5 Y43F8C.17 Q9XWM8 Y43F8C.18 Q8I4D1 Y43F8C.19 Q86GB7 Y43F8C.2 Q9XWN4 nlp-26 encodes a predicted neuropeptide not found in multigene families within C. elegans and is not clearly related to other well-characterized neuropeptides. Y43F8C.20 Q7YWQ8 Y43F8C.3 Q9XWN3 Y43F8C.4 Q9XWN2 Y43F8C.5 Q9XWP2 Y43F8C.6 Q9XWN1 Y43F8C.7 Q9XWP1 Y43F8C.8 Q9XWP0 Y43F8C.9 Q9XWN0 Y43H11AL.1 Q8IAA7 Y43H11AL.2 Q95XZ6 Y43H11AL.3 Q95XZ5 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y44A6B.1 O62449 Y44A6B.2 O62450 Y44A6B.3 O62451 Y44A6B.4 O62448 Y44A6C.1 O62452 Y44A6C.2 O62453 Y44A6D.1 Q9XXE3 Y44A6D.2 Q9XXE2 Y44A6D.3 Q9XXE0 Y44A6D.4 Q9XXD9 The Daf-c phenotype of sdf-9 single and unc-31; sdf-9 double mutants is suppressed by the overexpression of the wild-type daf-9 gene. Y44A6D.5 Q9XXD8 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y44A6D.6 Q9XXE1 Y44A6E.1a Q9XW95 Y44A6E.1b Q67X94 Y44E3A.1a Q9TXZ1 Y44E3A.1b Q86S15 Y44E3A.2 O61371 An acetylcholineesterase involved in the termination of cholinergic nerve transmission; it is predominantly expressed in motoneurons. Y44E3A.3 Q9TXY8 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y44E3A.4 Q6A573 Y44E3A.6a Q8ITV7 Y44E3A.6b Q8ITV6 Y44E3B.1a O76709 Y44E3B.1b Q965I4 Y44E3B.2 O76708 Y44F5A.1 O45938 Y45F10A.1 O62458 Y45F10A.2 Q9U2G4 The puf-3 gene encodes a predicted RNA binding protein that is a member of the conserved PUF (Pumilio and FBF) family of RNA binding proteins; PUF-3 is expressed in the ovary and is required for multiple aspects of early embryogenesis including proper cell cycle timing, spindle positioning, and formation of the polar bodies and pronuclei. Y45F10A.3 O62460 Y45F10A.4 O62461 Y45F10A.5 O62455 Y45F10A.6a O62462 Y45F10A.6b Q95NR8 Y45F10A.7 O62456 Y45F10B.1 O62466 Y45F10B.10 O62471 Reference: personal communication from Massimo Hilliard to Wormbase curators, 4/2002. Y45F10B.11 Q9XXR7 Y45F10B.12 O62473 Y45F10B.13a O62465 Y45F10B.13b Q5ZEQ6 Y45F10B.14 Q9NAH9 Y45F10B.15 Q7YWQ0 Y45F10B.2 O62467 Y45F10B.3 O62468 Y45F10B.4 O62469 Y45F10B.5 O62470 Y45F10B.6 O62472 Y45F10B.8 O62464 Y45F10B.9 O62463 Y45F10C.1 O45943 Y45F10C.2 O45941 Y45F10C.3 O62474 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y45F10C.4 O45944 Y45F10D.10 O62480 Y45F10D.11 O62481 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y45F10D.12 O45946 rpl-18 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L18 protein. Y45F10D.13 O62482 Y45F10D.14 Q7YWQ7 Y45F10D.15 Q7YSN8 Y45F10D.2 O45945 Y45F10D.4 O45948 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y45F10D.6 O62476 Y45F10D.7 O62477 Y45F10D.9 O62479 Y45F3A.1 Q9XTF1 Y45F3A.2 Q9XWZ3 rab-30 encodes a rab related protein of the Ras GTPase superfamily. Y45F3A.3 Q9XWZ2 Y45F3A.4 Q9XWZ1 Y45F3A.5 Q9XWY9 Y45F3A.8 Q9XWZ0 Y45F3A.9 Q9XWY8 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y45G12A.1 Q9N4Z1 Y45G12B.1a Q9N4Y8 Y45G12B.1 is orthologous to human NADH-UBIQUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE Fe-S PROTEIN 1 (NDUFS1; OMIM:157655), which when mutated leads to mitochondrial complex I deficiency. Y45G12B.1b Q86S76 Y45G12B.1c Q86S77 Y45G12B.2a Q9N4Y9 Y45G12B.2b Q966C0 Y45G12B.3 Q9N4Z0 Y45G12C.12 Q9N4Y0 Y45G12C.14 Q9N4X6 Y45G12C.15 Q9N4X5 Y45G12C.2 Q9N4X8 gst-10 encodes a predicted glutathione S-transferase with similarity to human glutathione S-transferase P. Y45G12C.5 Q9UAU9 Y45G5AL.1a Q8WTL9 Y45G5AL.1b Q8WTM0 Y45G5AM.1a Q9GUI3 nhr-114 encodes, by alternative splicing, two isoforms of a nuclear hormone receptor that specifically binds GPA-13 in yeast two-hybrid assays; the interaction of NHR-114 with GPA-13 is independent of whether GPA-13 is constitutively activated or not; NHR-114 is expressed in intestine (and weakly in hypodermal cells), with mainly nuclear localization; NHR-114 has no obvious function or phenotype in RNAi assays. Y45G5AM.1b Q86PI8 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family Y45G5AM.2 Q9GUI6 Y45G5AM.3 Q9GUI8 Y45G5AM.5 Q9GUJ1 Y45G5AM.6 Q9GUJ2 Y45G5AM.7 Q95XJ5 Y45G5AM.8 Q95XJ4 Y45G5AM.9a Q9GUI5 Y45G5AM.9b Q86N73 Y46B2A.1 Q9N4X2 Y46B2A.2 Q9N4X4 Y46B2A.3 Q9N4X3 Y46C8AL.1 Q9N3W2 Y46C8AL.2 Q9N3W8 Y46C8AL.3 Q9N3X0 Y46C8AL.4 Q9N3W9 Y46C8AL.5 Q9N3W5 Y46C8AL.6 Q9N3W4 Y46C8AL.8 Q9N3W1 Y46C8AR.1 Q9N3V9 Y46D2A.1 Q9N4X0 Y46D2A.2 Q9N4X1 Y46D2A.3 Q9N4W9 Y46E12A.1 Q9N3V6 Y46E12A.2 Q9N3V7 Y46E12A.3 Q9N3V8 Y46E12BL.1 Q965N9 Y46E12BL.2 Q965N8 Y46E12BL.3 Q965N7 Y46E12BL.4 Q965N6 Y46E12BR.1 Q965N5 Y46G5A.10 Q9U2D6 Y46G5A.12 Q9U2F6 Y46G5A.13 Q9U2F5 Y46G5A.14 Q9U2F4 Y46G5A.15 Q9U2F3 Y46G5A.17 Q9U2F2 Y46G5A.17 is orthologous to the human gene SIMILAR TO CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE I, LIVER (CPT1A; OMIM:600528), which when mutated leads to disease. Y46G5A.18 Q9U2F1 Y46G5A.19 Q9U2F0 Y46G5A.1a Q9U2D8 Y46G5A.1b Q7K711 Y46G5A.2 Q9U2G3 Y46G5A.2 is orthologous to the human gene COX10 (YEAST) HOMOLOG, CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE ASSEMBLY PROTEIN (HEME A: FARNESYLTRANSFERASE) (COX10; OMIM:602125), which when mutated leads to disease. Y46G5A.20 Q9U2E9 Y46G5A.21 Q9U2E8 Y46G5A.21 is orthologous to the human gene GLYCERONEPHOSPHATE O-ACYLTRANSFERASE (GNPAT; OMIM:602744), which when mutated leads to disease. Y46G5A.22a Q9U2E7 Y46G5A.22b Q7K712 Y46G5A.23 Q9U2E5 Y46G5A.24 Q9U2E4 Y46G5A.25 Q9U2E3 Y46G5A.26a Q9U2E2 Y46G5A.26b Q8MPP4 Y46G5A.27 P41991 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y46G5A.28 Q9U2E1 Y46G5A.29 Q9U2D5 Y46G5A.30 Q9U2E0 Y46G5A.31 Q9U2D9 gsy-1 is orthologous to the human gene GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE 1 (GYS1; OMIM:138570); deficiencies of GYS1 may be associated with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. Y46G5A.34 Q7YWP6 Y46G5A.35 Q7YWP5 Y46G5A.4 Q9U2G0 Y46G5A.5 Q9U2G1 Y46G5A.6 Q9U2D7 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y46G5A.7 Q9U2F9 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y46G5A.8 Q9U2F8 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y46H3A.1a Q9N4W8 Y46H3A.1b Q5KQP8 Serpentine Receptor, class T Y46H3A.2 P06581 In general, HSP16 proteins are thought to act as passive ligands for unfolded proteins that keep them safe from aggregation until the proteins can be refolded by a large (ATP-consuming) HSP. Y46H3A.3 P06582 In general, HSP16 proteins are thought to act as passive ligands for unfolded proteins that keep them safe from aggregation until the proteins can be refolded by a large (ATP-consuming) HSP. Y46H3A.6 O61397 gly-7 encodes an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that exhibits activity when expressed in COS7 cells. Y46H3B.1 Q9N4W4 Y46H3B.2 Q9N4W5 Y46H3C.1 Q9N4V8 Y46H3C.2 Q9N4V9 Y46H3C.3 Q9N4W0 Y46H3C.4 Q9N4W3 Y46H3C.5 Q9N4W2 Y46H3C.6 Q9N4W1 Y46H3C.7 Q7KX43 Y46H3D.2 Q966B3 Y46H3D.3 Q966B4 Y46H3D.5 Q966B9 nhr-110 encodes a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family. Y47A7.1 Q9BKR2 Y47A7.2 Q9BKR3 Y47C4A.1 Q965V5 Y47D3A.1 Q9U2D4 Y47D3A.10 Q9NAH2 Y47D3A.11 Q9U2D0 Y47D3A.12 Q9U2C9 Y47D3A.13 Q9U2C8 Y47D3A.14 Q9NAH8 Y47D3A.15 Q9NAH7 Y47D3A.16 Q9NAH6 Y47D3A.17a Q9U2C7 Y47D3A.17b Q95Q23 Oxysterol Binding protein (OSBP) Related Y47D3A.2 Q9U2D3 Y47D3A.20 Q7YXC5 Y47D3A.21 Q9NAH4 Y47D3A.22 Q9U2C5 Y47D3A.23a Q9U2C4 Y47D3A.25 Q9U2C3 rab-35 encodes a small, monomeric Rab GTPase that is most closely related to the human and Drosophila Rab35 GTPases; by homology, RAB-35 is predicted to function as a membrane-associated GTPase required for intracellular vesicular trafficking and for regulation of endo- and exocytosis; however, as loss of rab-35 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of RAB-35 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. Y47D3A.26 Q9U2C1 Y47D3A.27 Q9NAH3 Y47D3A.28 Q9U2C2 Y47D3A.29 Q9NAH1 Y47D3A.30 Q8T3A8 It is likely that elo-8 encodes an elongase component, but its actual biochemical activity is not yet known. Y47D3A.31 Q7YWP8 Y47D3A.32 Q7YWP7 Y47D3A.4 Q9U2D2 Y47D3A.5 Q9U2D1 Y47D3B.1 Q9XX03 Y47D3B.10 Q10576 An alpha subunit of prolyl-4-hydroxylase which is a procollagen modifying enzyme required for exoskeleton formation, morphogenesis and maintenance of body shape; it is expressed throughout the hypodermis and certain head and posterior neurons. Y47D3B.11 Q9U2B7 Y47D3B.2a Q9XX02 nlp-21 encodes nine predicted neuropeptide-like proteins; in C. elegans, nlp-21 is part of the GGARAF neuropeptide family that also contains nlp-9; nlp-21 is expressed in a variety of neurons, including AFD, five head neurons, the ventral nerve cord, one anterior pharyngeal neuron, and one tail neuron; nlp-21 expression is also detected in the embryo and the intestine; as loss of nlp-21 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of nlp-21-encoded peptides in development and/or behavior is not yet known. Y47D3B.2b Q9U2B9 Neuropeptide-Like Protein Y47D3B.3 Q9XX04 Y47D3B.4 Q9XX05 Y47D3B.5a Q9XX01 Y47D3B.5b Q6EUT8 TWiK family of potassium channels Y47D3B.6 Q9U2B8 Y47D3B.7 Q9XX00 Such lipid synthesis and storage defects can be weakly suppressed by dauer pathway mutations that result in constitutive dauer formation and the accumulation of intestinal lipid droplets. Y47D3B.9 Q9XWZ9 Y47D7A.1 Q9N3U8 Because of the high similarity of these genes, RNAi directed against any one of them may well inactivate all of them simultaneously, and it is thus not clear whether these genes comprise a functionally redundant set. Y47D7A.10 Q9N3U5 Y47D7A.11 Q9N3U4 Y47D7A.12 Q9N3U3 Y47D7A.13 Q9N3U2 Y47D7A.14 Q95XZ2 Y47D7A.15 Q8WTL8 Y47D7A.2 Q9N3V0 Y47D7A.3 Q95XZ3 Y47D7A.4 Q9N3V4 Y47D7A.5 Q9N3V3 Y47D7A.6 Q9N3V2 Y47D7A.7 Q9N3V1 Y47D7A.8 Q9N3U9 It thus appears that these six genes were generated through a process involving at least three gene duplications, one ancient and others more recent. Y47D7A.9 Q9N3U7 Y47D9A.1a Q9N4V3 Y47D9A.1b Q9N4V2 mannose-1-phosphate gaunyl transferase Y47D9A.2a Q9N4V4 Y47D9A.2b Q86S75 Y47D9A.3 Q9N4V6 Y47D9A.4 Q9N4V7 Y47D9A.5 Q9N4V5 Y47G6A.1 Q9N3R4 inx-21 encodes an innexin, an integral transmembrane channel protein that is a structural component of invertebrate gap junctions; as loss of INX-21 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of INX-21 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; the INX-21 expression pattern has not been determined. Y47G6A.10 Q9N3T5 Y47G6A.11 Q9N3T8 COLI) HOMOLOG 6 (MSH6; OMIM:600678), which when mutated leads to disease. Y47G6A.12 Q9N3T9 In addition, sep-1 inactivation renders embryos abnormally sensitive to osmotic shock, perhaps because of eggshell defects like those seen in pod-1 mutants. Y47G6A.13 Q9N3T7 Y47G6A.14 Q9N3T6 Y47G6A.15a Q65XX3 Y47G6A.15b Q65XX4 Y47G6A.16 Q9N3T1 Y47G6A.17 Q9N3T0 Y47G6A.18 Q9N3S8 Y47G6A.19a Q9N3S6 Y47G6A.19b Q6AW09 Y47G6A.2 Q9N3R5 Y47G6A.20a Q9N3S3 FBP Interacting Repressor (FIR)/PUF60 blocks the transcriptional activation of c-myc by FUSE binding protein, via TFIIH subunits p62, p89, and Cyclin H, and, at the same time, enables the binding of U2 snRNP to pre-mRNA in conjunction with the large subunit of U2AF, U2AF65. Y47G6A.20b Q9N3S4 RNA-binding protein Y47G6A.20c Q8MXS9 RNP (RRM RNA binding domain) containing Y47G6A.21 Q9BL81 Y47G6A.22 Q8MXS8 Y47G6A.23 Q9N3R9 lpd-3 encodes a novel protein that is nevertheless conserved amongst humans, mice, and Drosophila; in C. elegans, LPD-3 activity is required for normal lipid metabolism, as animals that have reduced lpd-3 activity as a result of RNA-mediated gene interference (RNAi) lack lipid storage granules in the intestine and are paler and skinnier than wild-type animals; lpd-3 is expressed prominently in the intestine, the major site of fat storage. Y47G6A.24 Q9N3R7 Y47G6A.25 Q9N3R6 Y47G6A.26 Q9N3R3 Y47G6A.27 Q9BL82 Y47G6A.28 Q95XZ1 Y47G6A.29 Q8WTL7 Y47G6A.3 Q9N3R8 Y47G6A.30 Q7Z148 Y47G6A.4 Q9N3S2 Y47G6A.5a Q9N3S5 Y47G6A.5b Q8IAA6 Y47G6A.6 Q9N3S7 Y47G6A.7a Q9N3S9 Y47G6A.7b Q6AW10 Y47G6A.8 Q9N3T2 Y47G6A.9 Q9N3T3 Y47G7B.1 Q9TZD7 Y47G7B.2 Q9TZD6 Y47G7B.3 Q965H1 Y47H10A.1 Q9U2B2 A calpain protease involved in neurodegeneration caused by necrotic cell death. Y47H10A.2 Q9U2B3 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y47H10A.3 Q9U2B6 Y47H10A.4 Q9U2B5 Y47H10A.5 Q9U2B4 Y47H9A.1 Q95NJ7 Y47H9B.2 Q9XWZ8 Y47H9C.1 Q9XWE2 Y47H9C.10 Q9XWD4 Y47H9C.11 Q9XWD8 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y47H9C.12 Q9XWD3 Y47H9C.14 Q9NAG9 Y47H9C.15 Q95Q21 Y47H9C.2 Q9XWD7 Y47H9C.4a Q9XWD6 The mutant phenotype of ced-1 is enhanced by mutation of ced-12. Y47H9C.4b Q8T3A7 EGF-like domain Y47H9C.4c Q8T3A6 EGF-like domain Y47H9C.5 Q9XWE1 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. Y47H9C.6 Q9XWE0 csp-3 encodes a protein that is homologous to the C-terminal domain of caspase-like cysteine proteases; unlike other caspases, CSP-3 does not contain a middle or N-terminal domain, and thus may either function in concert with the middle domains of other caspases or may play a regulatory (dominant negative) role in caspase activation; as loss of csp-3 activity via large-scale RNAi does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of CSP-3 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. Y47H9C.7 Q9XWD5 Y47H9C.7 is orthologous to the human gene EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 2B, SUBUNIT 2 (BETA, 39KD) (EIF2B2; OMIM:606454), which when mutated leads to disease. Y47H9C.8 Q9U2B1 Y47H9C.9 Q9XWD9 Y48A5A.1 Q9TYM6 Y48A5A.2 Q86FN3 Y48A6A.1 Q9XXD7 zig-5 encodes a predicted membrane-associated protein containing two C2-type immunoglobulin domains and a GPI (glycosylated phosphatidylinositol) anchor site, but no transmembrane domain; ZIG-5 is predicted to function in cell adhesion and/or signaling, and appears to be required for embryogenesis as well as maintenance of ventral nerve cord organization during larval stages; ZIG-5 is expressed in several different neurons and is detected in the PVT guidepost neuron beginning at the three-fold stage of embryogenesis and continuing throughout larval development. Y48A6B.1 Q9XXD5 Y48A6B.10 Q9U2B0 Y48A6B.11a Q9TVY5 Y48A6B.11b Q7YSJ2 Y48A6B.13 Q9XXC7 Y48A6B.2 Q9XXD6 Y48A6B.3 Q9XXD4 Y48A6B.4 Q9XXD3 Y48A6B.5 Q9XXD2 Y48A6B.6a Q9XXD1 Y48A6B.6b Q6EUU0 Y48A6B.7 Q9XXD0 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y48A6B.8 Q9XXC9 Y48A6B.9 Q9XXC8 Y48A6C.1 Q9XWK8 Y48A6C.3 Q9XWK6 Y48A6C.4 Q9XWK5 Y48A6C.5a Q27242 Y48A6C.5b Q7YXC4 defective PHArynx development Y48B6A.1 Q9U2A9 Y48B6A.10 Q9U2A2 Y48B6A.11 Q9U297 Y48B6A.12 Q9U296 Y48B6A.13a Q9U2A1 Y48B6A.13b Q9U294 Y48B6A.14 Q9U2A0 hmg-1.1 encodes a member of the high mobility group (HMG) family of proteins. Y48B6A.2 Q9U2A8 rpl-43 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L37a protein. Y48B6A.3 Q9U299 Y48B6A.4 Q9U298 eat-2 encodes a beta subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) superfamily which encode ligand-gated ion channels that regulate fast action of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and in the nervous system; EAT-2 regulates the rate of pharyngeal pumping by by affecting MC pharyngeal neuron transmission, and is required for neurotransmission from the MC pharyngeal neuron to pharyngeal muscle, in which it is expressed, and also affects life span and defecation; eat-2 genetically interacts with eat-18, which encodes a predicted transcriptional activator also expressed in pharyngeal muscle. Y48B6A.5 Q9U2A7 Y48B6A.6a Q9U2A6 Y48B6A.6b Q8I0Z7 Y48B6A.7 O61372 Although the gene is transcribed in vivo, the level of ace-4 mRNAs is far lower than those of ace-1, ace-2 and ace-3. Y48B6A.8 Q9U295 ace-3 encodes one of four C. elegans acetylcholinesterases (AChE); ACE-3 represents ~5% of the total AChE activity in C. elegans and in vitro, hydrolyzes acetylthio-, butyrylthio-, and propionylthiocholine substrates with equal efficiency; although loss-of-function mutations in ace-3 result in no obvious defects, animals doubly mutant with ace-1 or ace-2 have slight defects in backward locomotion and animals triply mutant for ace-1, -2, and -3 arrest as unhatched, yet fully developed, embryos; ace-3 is the downstream gene in an operon with a fourth AChE-encoding gene, ace-4, and transcriptional reporter fusions with ace-4 upstream sequences direct expression in pharyngeal muscles pm3, 4, 5, and 7, the two CAN (canal associated neuron) cells, midbody dorsal body wall muscles in larvae, and several neurons in the head and anal ganglion. Y48B6A.9 Q9U2A3 hot-7 encodes a predicted membrane-associated protein that is a member of the Ly-6 superfamily of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked signaling proteins and is homologous to ODR-2, a neuronally expressed protein required for olfaction; as loss of hot-7 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of HOT-7 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. Y48C3A.1 Q9NAG8 Y48C3A.10 Q9NAG2 Y48C3A.11 Q9NAG1 Y48C3A.12 Q9U290 Y48C3A.14 Q9U286 Y48C3A.16 Q9NAF9 Y48C3A.17 Q9U289 The efl-2 gene encodes an E2F/DP1-like protein of as yet unknown function; comparative genomic analysis suggests that EFL-2 may be involved in apoptosis. Y48C3A.18 Q9NAF8 Y48C3A.20 Q9U287 Y48C3A.3 Q9NAG5 Y48C3A.4 Q9NAG7 Y48C3A.5a Q8I0Z6 Y48C3A.5b Q8I0Z5 Y48C3A.7 Q9NAG4 Y48C3A.8 Q9NAG3 Y48C3A.9 Q9U291 Y48D7A.1 Q9N4V1 Y48D7A.2a Q9N4V0 One FLP-18 peptide has been purified directly from C. elegans. Y48D7A.2b Q9N4V0 FMRF-Like Peptide Y48E1A.1a O17628 Y48E1B.1 O18195 Y48E1B.10 O01987 Y48E1B.11 O18201 Y48E1B.12 O45952 Y48E1B.13a O18203 The csp-1 gene encodes, by alternative splicing, three caspase homologs that may be involved in apoptosis. Y48E1B.13b Q9TZP6 C14 peptidase Y48E1B.13c Q9Y056 C14 peptidase Y48E1B.14a Q95Q20 Y48E1B.14b Q8I0Z4 Y48E1B.15 Q7JKA0 Y48E1B.16 Q7JK99 Y48E1B.2a O18196 Y48E1B.2b Q9U285 Y48E1B.3 O18197 Y48E1B.4 O18198 Y48E1B.5 O18199 Y48E1B.6 O18200 Y48E1B.7 O45950 Y48E1B.8 O45951 Y48E1B.9 O18202 Y48E1C.1a Q9TW55 Y48E1C.1b Q9TW59 Y48E1C.1c Q8I0S7 Y48E1C.2 O62483 Y48E1C.3 O18207 Y48E1C.4a Q8I0Z3 Y48E1C.4b Q8I0Z2 Y48G10A.1 Q9TVN2 Y48G10A.2 Q9U284 Y48G10A.3 Q9U283 Y48G10A.4 Q9U282 Y48G10A.6 Q7YWQ6 Y48G1A.1 Q9N3Q5 Y48G1A.2 Q9N3Q6 Y48G1A.3 Q9N3Q8 Y48G1A.4 Q9N3Q9 Y48G1A.5 Q965V4 imb-5 encodes an importin-beta-like protein orthologous to mammalian CAS proteins (cellular apoptosis susceptibility) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CSE1 (chromosome segregation 1); IMB-5 is predicted to function in nuclear transport of proteins required for mitotic progression or apoptosis as well as in re-export of importin-alpha, a nuclear import protein; in C. elegans, IMB-5 is essential for embryogenesis and required for normal pronuclear envelope dynamics, and may also play a role in vulval morphogenesis. Y48G1A.6 Q9N3Q7 Y48G1BL.1 Q9N3Q1 Y48G1BL.2 Q9N3Q4 atm-1(RNAi) animals show a spectrum of phenotypes qualitatively similar to that seen for mrt-2 (Cca, Rap, Rad), suggesting that ATM-1 is required for a DNA damage checkpoint. Y48G1BL.3 Q9N3Q2 Y48G1BL.4 Q9N3P9 Y48G1BL.5 Q9N3P8 Y48G1BL.6 Q9N3P7 Y48G1BL.7 Q688Z7 Y48G1BM.1 Q965U6 Y48G1BM.2 Q965U8 Y48G1BM.4 Q965V2 Y48G1BM.5 Q965V1 Y48G1BM.6 Q965V0 Y48G1BM.7 Q965U9 Y48G1BM.8 Q965U7 Y48G1BM.9 Q965U5 Y48G1BR.1 Q9N3P6 Y48G1C.1 Q9N3P1 Y48G1C.10 Q8IU07 Y48G1C.11 Q8IU06 Y48G1C.2 Q9BL77 Y48G1C.4 Q9BL79 Y48G1C.5 Q9BL78 Y48G1C.6 Q9N3P2 Y48G1C.7 Q9BL75 Y48G1C.8 Q9N3N9 Y48G1C.9 Q9BL76 Y48G8AL.1 Q9BL11 The Y48G8AL.1 gene encodes a homolog of human E6-AP ubiquitin-protein ligase, (UBE3A; OMIM:601623) which when mutated leads to one form of Angelman syndrome (OMIM:105830). Y48G8AL.10 Q9BL20 Y48G8AL.11 Q9BL17 Y48G8AL.12 Q9BL10 Y48G8AL.13 Q9BL09 Y48G8AL.14 Q8T874 apt-8 encodes an adaptin orthologous to the sigma3 subunit of the heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3); by homology, APT-8 is predicted to play a role in intracellular membrane trafficking and specifically, may be involved in transport of lysosomal membrane proteins from tubular sorting endosomes to lysosomes; loss of apt-8 activity via large-scale RNAi screens in the sensitized rrf-3 background indicates that, in C. elegans, APT-8 is required for fertility and reproduction. Y48G8AL.15 Q7KX00 Y48G8AL.5 Q9BL15 Y48G8AL.6 O76512 Y48G8AL.7 Q9BL18 Y48G8AL.8a Q9BL19 rpl-17 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L17 protein; by homology, RPL-17 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPL-17 activity is required for embryonic and germline development, as well as normal postembryonic growth rates. Y48G8AL.8b Q8WTK4 Ribosomal Protein, Large subunit Y48G8AL.9 Q9BL21 Y48G8AR.1 Q9N3N7 The family of transcription factors to which GRH-1 belongs has two subdivisions, the Grainyhead and LSF subfamilies, whose split phylogenetically preceded the divergence of metazoa. Y48G8AR.2 Q9N3N6 Y48G8AR.3 Q9N3N5 Y48G9A.1 Q9BL71 Y48G9A.10 Q9N3N3 Y48G9A.11 Q9N3M8 Y48G9A.12 Q9N3M4 Y48G9A.2 Q9N3M3 Y48G9A.3 Q9N3M5 Y48G9A.4 Q9BL72 Y48G9A.6 Q9N3M7 Y48G9A.7 Q9N3M9 Y48G9A.8 Q9BL73 Y48G9A.9a Q9BL74 Y48G9A.9b Q7YZG5 Y49A10A.1 Q9XWW8 Y49A3A.1 Q9XW94 Y49A3A.2 Q9XW92 Y49A3A.3 Q9XW93 Y49A3A.4 Q9XW91 Y49A3A.5 P52009 cyp-1 encodes a functional cyclophilin that is predicted to be secreted; expression increases as worms progress from the L1 larval stage to the adult stage. Y49C4A.4 Q965U1 Y49C4A.5 Q965U4 Y49C4A.6 Q965U3 Y49C4A.9 Q965T7 Y49E10.1 Q9XTT9 rpt-6 encodes a triple A ATPase that is a subunit of the 26S proteasome 19S regulatory particle (RP) base subcomplex; RPT-6 is required for embryonic and larval development and by homology, is predicted to function in unfolding protein substrates and translocating them into the core proteolytic particle (CP) of the proteasome. Y49E10.10 Q9XTT6 Y49E10.11a Q9U280 Y49E10.11b Q7JK70 Transbilayer Amphipath Transporters (subfamily IV P-type ATPase) Y49E10.14 Q94131 PIE-1 regulates both zygotic and materal gene expresssion in the embryonic germ line; in germ cells, PIE-1 is required for efficient expression of nos-2. Y49E10.15 Q9XTU6 Y49E10.16 Q9XTU5 Y49E10.17 Q9XTU4 Y49E10.18 Q9XTU3 Y49E10.19 Q9XTT4 Y49E10.2 Q9XTU9 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y49E10.20 Q9XTT3 Y49E10.20(RNAi) animals show a germline cell corpse engulfment defect and have delayed embryonic corpse clearance in the three-fold embryo, as well as having inappropriate migration of the anterior arm of the gonad. Y49E10.21 Q9XTU2 Y49E10.22 Q9XTU1 Y49E10.23a Q9XTT2 Y49E10.23b Q8I0Z1 Y49E10.24 Q9XTU0 Y49E10.25 Q9XTT1 Y49E10.27 Q7YWN9 Y49E10.3a Q9XTT8 pph-4.2 encodes a member of the PPP family of protein serine threonine phosphatases and is a homolog of protein phosphatase 4 (PP4); affects larval viability at low penetrance in RNAi screens. Y49E10.3b Q7JK71 Protein PHosphatase Y49E10.4 Q9XTU8 Y49E10.6 Q9U281 his-72 encodes an H3 histone required for embryonic viability. Y49E10.7 Q9XTT7 Y49E10.9 Q9XTU7 Y49F6A.1 Q9N3L7 Y49F6A.2 Q9N3M0 Y49F6A.3 Q9N3M0 Y49F6A.5 Q9N3L6 Y49F6B.1 Q9N4U0 Y49F6B.10 Q9N4U2 Y49F6B.11 Q9N4T9 Y49F6B.2 Q9N4U1 Y49F6B.3 Q9N4U4 Y49F6B.4 Q9N4U5 It is expressed ubiquitously in the nucleus. Y49F6B.5 Q9N4U8 Y49F6B.6 Q9N4U9 Y49F6B.7 Q9N4U7 Y49F6B.8 Q9N4U6 Y49F6B.9 Q9N4U3 Y49F6C.1 Q9TYI8 Y49F6C.2 Q9TYI9 Y49F6C.3 Q9TYJ0 Y49F6C.4 Q9TYJ1 Y49F6C.5 Q9TYJ2 Y49F6C.6 Q9TYJ5 Y49F6C.7 Q9TYJ4 Y49F6C.8 Q9TYJ3 Y49G5A.1 Q9UAZ2 Y49G5B.1 Q9UAZ1 Y4C6A.1 Q9N4T6 Y4C6A.2a Q8MXU2 Y4C6A.2b Q8MXU1 Y4C6A.3 Q9N4T7 Y4C6A.4 Q8MXU0 Y4C6B.1 Q9UB01 Y4C6B.2a Q9UAZ9 Y4C6B.2b Q7YZG4 Y4C6B.3 Q9UAZ8 Y4C6B.4a Q8ITV2 Y4C6B.4b Q8ITV1 Y4C6B.5 Q9UAZ6 Y4C6B.6 Q9UB00 The Y4C6B.6 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene GLCM, which when mutated leads to Gaucher disease type I (OMIM:230800). Y4C6B.7 Q7YZG3 Y50C1A.1 Q9N4T5 There is some evidence, from secondary protein domains associated with A20, that this class of predicted proteases is functionally connected with the ubiquitin system as well as with apoptosis. Y50C1A.2 Q9N4T4 Y50D4A.1 Q95Y57 Y50D4A.2 Q8WTM8 Y50D4A.3 Q95Y59 Y50D4A.4 Q95Y58 Y50D4A.5 Q7KX42 Y50D4B.1 Q9N4S8 Y50D4B.2 Q9N4S9 Y50D4B.3 Q966B0 Y50D4B.4 Q966B1 Y50D4B.5 Q9N4T1 Y50D4B.6 Q9N4T2 Y50D4B.7 Q9N4T3 Y50D4C.1a Q8IAA0 Y50D4C.1b Q8IA99 UNCoordinated Y50D4C.2 Q965R0 Y50D4C.3 Q965Q9 Y50D4C.4 Q965Q8 Transgenic sqv-6 can correct a xylosyltransferase defect in mutant hamster cells. Y50D4C.5 Q965Q6 Y50D4C.6 Q8IAA1 Y50D7A.1 Q9N3K6 Y50D7A.10 Q8IAA5 Y50D7A.11 Q7YZG6 Y50D7A.2 Q9N3L2 Y50D7A.2 is orthologous to the human gene SIMILAR TO XERODEMA PIGMENTOSUM D (ERCC2; OMIM:126340), which when mutated leads to disease. Y50D7A.3a Q9N3L4 Y50D7A.3 is orthologous to human PHOSPHORYLASE KINASE, TESTIS/LIVER, GAMMA-2 (PHKG2; OMIM:172471), which when mutated leads to liver glycogenosis and cirrhosis. Y50D7A.3b Q8WTL5 Y50D7A.4 Q8WTL6 Y50D7A.5 Q965T5 Y50D7A.6 Q965T6 Y50D7A.7 O45218 ads-1 encodes an ortholog of human ALKYL-DIHYDROXYACETONEPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE PRECURSOR (AGPS; OMIM:603051) that is required for normal larval development; mutation of human AGPS leads to type 3 rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata (OMIM:600121). Y50D7A.8 Q9N3K5 Y50D7A.9 Q965T4 Y50E8A.1 Q9NAF6 Y50E8A.10 Q9NAE8 Y50E8A.11 Q9NAE7 Y50E8A.12 Q9NAE6 Y50E8A.14 Q9U274 Y50E8A.15 Q9NAF0 Y50E8A.16 Q9U275 Y50E8A.2 Q9NAF5 Y50E8A.3 Q9NAF4 Y50E8A.4a Q8I4C9 Since double unc-59; unc-61 double mutants phenotypically resemble single mutants, it is unlikely that UNC-61A/B share a partially redundant function (e.g., embryonic development) with their paralog UNC-59. Y50E8A.4b Q9U277 UNCoordinated Y50E8A.5 Q9NAF3 Y50E8A.6 Q9NAF2 Y50E8A.7 Q9U276 Y50E8A.8 Q9NAF1 Y50E8A.9 Q9NAE9 Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells occurs because of a phospholipid scramblase and inactivation of an aminophospolipid translocase that would normally keep the PS on the interior of the cell; by virtue of its similarity to mammalian scramblase, Y50E8A.9 may promote clearage of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis. Y50F7A.2 Q9TYM5 Y51A2A.1 Q9XWQ0 Y51A2A.11 Q7YWQ5 Y51A2A.3 Q9U270 Y51A2A.4 Q9U269 Y51A2A.5 Q9U273 Y51A2A.6 Q9XWP9 Y51A2A.7 Q9U272 Y51A2B.1 O45956 Y51A2B.2 O45957 Y51A2B.3 O45954 Y51A2B.4 O45953 Y51A2B.5 O45955 Y51A2B.6a O45958 Y51A2B.6b O45959 Y51A2B.8 Q7YWN8 Y51A2D.1 O62484 Y51A2D.10 Q9XXQ6 Y51A2D.11 Q9XXR5 Y51A2D.12 Q9XXQ5 Y51A2D.13a Q9XXR6 Y51A2D.13b Q8I4C7 phospholipase D Y51A2D.14 Q9XXR2 Y51A2D.15 Q9XXR1 Y51A2D.17 Q9XTG0 Y51A2D.18 Q9XXQ4 Y51A2D.19a Q95V25 SLO-1 is a calcium-activated potassium channel. Y51A2D.19b Q95V25 SLOwpoke potassium channel family Y51A2D.19c Q95V25 SLOwpoke potassium channel family Y51A2D.20 Q8I4C8 Y51A2D.4 Q9XXR3 Y51A2D.5 Q9XXQ9 Y51A2D.7a Q7K7P3 Y51A2D.7b Q9U267 Y51A2D.8 Q9XXQ7 Y51A2D.9 Q9XXR4 Y51B11A.1 Q9N4S7 Y51B9A.3 Q9XXC3 Y51B9A.4 Q9XXC4 Y51B9A.5 Q9XXC2 Y51B9A.6 Q9XXC1 Y51B9A.7 Q9XXC5 Y51B9A.8 Q9XXC6 Y51B9A.9 Q9XXC0 Y51F10.10 Q8WTK0 Y51F10.2 Q8WTJ8 Y51F10.3 Q8WTJ9 Y51F10.4 Q8WTK1 Y51F10.5 Q8WTK2 Y51F10.6 Q8WTK3 Y51F10.7 Q8TA47 Y51F10.8 Q8WTJ7 Y51F10.9 Q8WTJ5 Y51H1A.1a Q9XTD7 Y51H1A.1b Q8I0N8 Y51H1A.2 Q9XWJ7 Y51H1A.3a Q9XWJ6 Y51H1A.3b Q9XWJ5 Y51H1A.4 Q9XWJ8 Y51H1A.4 is orthologous to the human gene P33ING1B (ING1; OMIM:601566), which when mutated leads to disease. Y51H1A.5 Q9U266 Y51H1A.6 Q9XWJ3 Y51H1A.7 Q9XWJ4 Y51H4A.1 Q9NAE5 Y51H4A.10 Q9NAD9 Y51H4A.12 Q9U263 Y51H4A.13 Q9U261 Y51H4A.15 Q9NAD8 Y51H4A.16 Q9NAD7 Y51H4A.17 Q9NAD6 From N- to C-terminus, it has two domains: the first is a STAT domain, and the second an SH2 domain. Y51H4A.18 Q9NAD5 Y51H4A.19 Q9NAD4 Y51H4A.2 Q9U265 Y51H4A.20 Q9NAD3 Y51H4A.21 Q9U260 Y51H4A.22 Q9NAD2 Y51H4A.23 Q9U259 Y51H4A.24 Q9U258 Y51H4A.25a Q9TVP0 Y51H4A.25b Q7K6V2 Y51H4A.26 Q95Q19 Y51H4A.28 Q7YTG0 Y51H4A.3 Q22038 Y51H4A.4 Q9NAE4 Y51H4A.5 Q9NAE3 Y51H4A.6 Q9U264 Y51H4A.7 Q9NAE2 Y51H4A.8 Q9NAE1 Y51H4A.9 Q9NAE0 Y51H7BM.1 Q8WTL4 Y51H7BR.1 Q9N3J6 Y51H7BR.2 Q9N3J7 Y51H7BR.3 Q9N3J8 Y51H7BR.4 Q9N3J9 Y51H7BR.5 Q9N3K0 Y51H7BR.7 Q9N3K1 Y51H7C.1 Q9N3I0 Y51H7C.10 Q95XY5 Y51H7C.11 Q95XY4 Y51H7C.12 Q95XY3 Y51H7C.13 Q9N3I1 Y51H7C.2 Q9N3I3 Y51H7C.3 Q9N3I5 Y51H7C.4 Q95XY6 Y51H7C.5 Q95XY7 Y51H7C.6a Q95XZ0 Y51H7C.6b Q95XZ0 Y51H7C.7 Q9N3J4 Y51H7C.8 Q9N3J5 Y51H7C.9 Q95XY8 Y52B11A.1 Q9XWF5 Y52B11A.10 Q9U255 Y52B11A.2a Q9XWF4 Y52B11A.2b Q7K779 Y52B11A.3a Q9XWF1 Y52B11A.3b Q7Z1J7 Y52B11A.4 Q9U254 Y52B11A.5 Q9XWF3 Y52B11A.7 Q9U257 Y52B11A.8 Q9U256 Y52B11A.9 Q9XWF2 Y52B11B.1 Q9XWM7 Y52B11C.1 Q9XXB9 Y52D3.1a Q9XTC8 Y52D5A.1 Q9N4S5 Y52D5A.2 Q9N4S6 Y52E8A.1 Q9N3H5 Y52E8A.2 Q9N3H6 Y52E8A.3 Q9N3H9 Y52E8A.4 Q965T3 Y52E8A.5 Q9N3H7 Y52E8A.6 Q86FN2 Y53C10A.10 Q9XW47 Y53C10A.12 Q9XW45 Y53C10A.2 Q9XW55 Y53C10A.3 Q9XW54 Y53C10A.4 Q9XW53 Y53C10A.5 Q9XW52 Y53C10A.6 Q9XW51 Y53C10A.9 Q9XW49 Y53C12A.1 O18209 Y53C12A.2 O18210 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. Y53C12A.3 O18212 Y53C12A.4 O18211 Y53C12A.6 O18208 Y53C12A.7 Q7YWN2 Y53C12B.1 O18215 Y53C12B.2 O18216 Y53C12B.3a O18218 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y53C12B.3b O62486 NanOS related Y53C12B.5a O18214 Y53C12B.5b Q8I0Z0 Male ABnormal Y53C12B.6 O18213 Y53C12B.7 Q7YWN6 Y53C12C.1 O01996 Q50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-8, ceh-10, ceh-42, unc-4, unc-42, C18B12.3, R08B4.2, and T13C5.4; K50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-36, ceh-37, unc-30, and C09G12.1; C. elegans' one S50 gene is vab-3; and outliers (neither Q50 nor K50 or S50) include pax-3 and Y53C12C.1. Y53F4A.2 Q9NAC9 Y53F4B.1 Q9NAC7 Y53F4B.10 Q9NAC2 Y53F4B.10 is orthologous to the human gene INSULIN (IRF4; OMIM:176730), which when mutated leads to disease. Y53F4B.11 Q9NAC0 Y53F4B.12 Q9NAB9 Y53F4B.13 Q9NAA5 Y53F4B.14 Q9NAA4 Y53F4B.15 Q9NAA3 asc-1 encodes a homolog of human activating signal cointegrator-1 and affects long-term survival and longivity in adults and daur larvae. Y53F4B.16 Q9NAB8 Y53F4B.17 Q9NAA2 Y53F4B.18 Q9NAB7 Y53F4B.19 Q9NAA1 Y53F4B.2 Q9NAC6 It is likely that elo-9 encodes an elongase component, but its actual biochemical activity is not yet known. Y53F4B.20 Q9NAA0 Y53F4B.21 Q9NA99 Y53F4B.22 Q9NA98 Y53F4B.23 Q9NA97 Y53F4B.24 Q9NAB6 Y53F4B.25 Q9NA94 Y53F4B.26 Q9N671 Y53F4B.27 Q9NA93 Y53F4B.28 Q9NAB5 Y53F4B.29 Q9NAB4 Y53F4B.3 Q9NAC5 Y53F4B.30 Q9NAB3 Y53F4B.31 Q9NAB2 Y53F4B.32 Q9NAB1 Y53F4B.33 Q9NAB0 Y53F4B.35 Q9NAA9 Y53F4B.36 Q9NA95 Y53F4B.37 Q9NA96 Y53F4B.39 Q95Q18 Y53F4B.4a Q9NAA8 Y53F4B.4b Q9NAA7 Y53F4B.5 Q9NAC4 Y53F4B.6 Q9NAC3 Y53F4B.7 Q9N671 Y53F4B.8 Q9NAA6 Y53F4B.9 Q9NAC1 Y53G8AL.1 Q9N3H4 Y53G8AL.2 Q9N3H3 Y53G8AL.3 Q95XY2 Y53G8AM.2 Q9N3G6 Y53G8AM.4 Q9N3H1 Y53G8AM.5 Q9N3H0 Y53G8AM.6 Q9N3G9 Y53G8AM.7 Q9N3G8 Y53G8AM.8 Q9BL70 Y53G8AR.1 Q9N3F5 Y53G8AR.2a Q9N3F6 Y53G8AR.2b Q8IAA4 Y53G8AR.3 Q9N3F8 Y53G8AR.5 Q9N3F9 Y53G8AR.6 Q9N3G0 Y53G8AR.7a Q9N3G2 Y53G8AR.7b Q7YZM9 Y53G8AR.8 Q9N3G1 Y53G8AR.9 Q9N3F7 Y53H1A.1 Q9U252 Y53H1A.2 Q9U251 Y53H1A.3 Q9NA92 Y53H1A.4 Q7K6X2 Y53H1A.5 Q5ZEP9 Y53H1B.1 Q9U250 Y53H1B.2 Q9TVV4 Y53H1B.4 Q9U249 Y53H1B.5 Q9U248 Y53H1B.6 Q9U247 Y53H1C.1 Q9NA91 Y53H1C.2 Q9NA90 Y53H1C.3 Q9NA89 Y54B9A.1 Q966A9 Y54C5A.1 Q9TZE5 Y54C5B.1 O76723 Y54E10A.1 Q9N3E1 Y54E10A.10 Q9N3F0 Y54E10A.11 Q65XX2 Y54E10A.12 Q9N3E8 Y54E10A.13 Q9N3E7 Y54E10A.14 Q9N3E5 Y54E10A.15a Q9N3E4 Y54E10A.15b Q86S68 CDT (S. pombe licensing factor) homolog Y54E10A.16a Q9N3E2 Y54E10A.16b Q86S67 Y54E10A.17 Q8WTL3 Y54E10A.2 Q9N3E3 Y54E10A.3 Q9N2K6 Y54E10A.4a Q95XX9 The carboxy-terminal region which shows highest similarity to CPEBs from other species comprises the diagnostic hallmarks of CPEB family members, including two distinctive RRM motifs and consecutive C4 and C2H2 zinc fingers; however, a variations is present in FOG-1 protein, which has an apparent insertion between the second and third cysteines in the first zinc finger domain. Y54E10A.4b Q9GNI9 Feminization Of Germline Y54E10A.5 Q9N3F1 Y54E10A.6 Q9N3F2 Y54E10A.7 Q9N3F3 Y54E10A.9a Q9N3F4 Y54E10A.9b Q95XY1 Vasa- and Belle-like Helicase Y54E10A.9c Q65XX1 Vasa- and Belle-like Helicase Y54E10BL.1 Q7Z147 Y54E10BL.2 Q9N3D7 Y54E10BL.3 Q9N3D8 Y54E10BL.4 Q9N3E0 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. Y54E10BL.5 Q9N3D9 Y54E10BL.6 Q10664 Y54E10BR.1 Q9N3C5 Y54E10BR.2 Q9N3C8 Y54E10BR.3 Q9N3D1 Y54E10BR.4 Q9N3D3 Y54E10BR.5 Q9N3D0 Y54E10BR.6 Q9N3C9 Y54E10BR.7 Q9N3C7 mod-5 encodes a Na[+],Cl[-]-dependent serotonin transporter that is required for serotonin uptake by neurosecretory motor neurons and for the experience-dependent enhanced slowing response to food; MOD-5 has serotonin transport activity in cell culture, and is a target of the serotonin uptake inhibitor fluoxetine (Prozac) in vivo; MOD-5 is orthologous to the human serotonin transporter (SLC6A4, OMIM:182138, associated with varying levels of neuroticism, introversion, and anxiety). Y54E10BR.8 Q9N3C6 Y54E2A.1 O62059 Y54E2A.10 Q9XWI3 Y54E2A.11a Q9XWI6 Y54E2A.11b Q7K785 Eukaryotic Initiation Factor Y54E2A.12 Q9XWI2 Y54E2A.2 Q9XWJ1 Y54E2A.3 Q9XWJ0 tac-1 encodes a novel protein that is a member of the transforming acidic coiled-coil (TACC) protein family whose members contain highly conserved C-terminal coiled-coil domains; TAC-1 is required during early embryogenesis for pronuclear migration and maintenance of microtubule stability and later, may also play roles in locomotion and establishment of normal body morphology; TAC-1 mutually stabilizes, and interacts in vivo with, ZYG-9, a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that is also required for pronuclear migration; in vitro, TAC-1 interacts with ZYG-8, a kinase domain-containing MAP required for proper spindle positioning during anaphase of the first embryonic cell division; TAC-1 localizes primarily to spindle poles during mitosis. Y54E2A.4 Q9XWI1 Y54E2A.5 Q9XWI9 Y54E2A.6 Q9XWI5 Y54E2A.7 Q9XWI8 Y54E2A.8 Q9XWI7 Y54E2A.9 Q9XWI4 Y54E5A.1 Q9XWK1 Y54E5A.2 Q9XWK0 Y54E5A.3 Q9U246 Y54E5A.4 Q9XWK3 Y54E5A.5 Q9XWK2 Y54E5A.6 Q9XWJ9 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y54E5A.7 Q9XWK4 Y54E5A.8a Q9XTC0 Y54E5A.8b Q9XTG5 Y54E5B.1a Q17330 Y54E5B.1b Q95Q16 SeMaPhorin related Y54E5B.2 Q9XWF9 Y54E5B.3a Q9XWF7 let-49 encodes a putative mediator complex subunit zygotically required for postembryonic development and viability past larval stages, while being maternally required for germline and embryonic development; LET-49 is an ortholog of human CRSP9 (OMIM:605045) and of S. cerevisiae Med7p; Med7p is a component of a mediator complex that serves as a transcriptional coactivator, while CRSP9 mediates transcriptional activation by Sp1. Y54E5B.3b Q95Q17 LEThal Y54E5B.4 Q9XWF6 Y54F10AL.1a Q9BL67 Y54F10AL.1b Q9BL66 Y54F10AL.2a Q9BL68 The domain organization of EST-1 is partly shared by SMG-5, which has the TPR and PIN domains. Y54F10AL.2b Q9BL69 EST (Ever Shorter Telomeres) homolog Y54F10AM.1 Q9BKZ8 Y54F10AM.10 Q9BL05 Y54F10AM.11 Q9BKZ7 Y54F10AM.2a Q9BKZ9 feh-1 encodes the single C. elegans member of the Fe65 protein family that affects embryonic and larval viability and pharyngeal pumping; the PTB2 domain binds to cytosolic domain of C. elegans APL-1 in vitro; expressed in the neuromuscular structures of the pharynx and in a subset of neurons. Y54F10AM.2b Q8IA97 mammalian FE65 Homolog Y54F10AM.2c Q8IA96 mammalian FE65 Homolog Y54F10AM.4a Q9BL02 ceh-44 encodes at least three proteins via alternative splicing; the CEH-44A protein is an ortholog of the CUX class of CUT homeodomain proteins, expressed in early embryos (mostly anterior in the comma stage), in the larval nerve ring and the adult gonad; the CUX class includes Drosophila CUT, human CUTL1 and human CUTL2; ceh-44 is a complex gene, in which two alternatively spliced protein products completely lack the homeodomain, and instead resemble vertebrate CASP proteins; CASP proteins are also found in plants and fungi (though not associated with homeodomains); like its orthologs, CEH-44A has three N-terminal cut domains in addition to a C-terminal CUT homeodomain; the cut domain may be a compact DNA-binding domain composed of alpha helices. Y54F10AM.4b Q9BL01 C.Elegans Homeobox Y54F10AM.4c Q8IA98 C.Elegans Homeobox Y54F10AM.5 Q9BL03 Y54F10AM.6 Q9BL06 Y54F10AM.7 Q9BL08 Y54F10AM.8 Q9BL07 Y54F10AR.1 Q965T2 Y54F10AR.2 Q9N3C2 Y54F10BM.1 Q95XK4 Y54F10BM.10 Q95XK9 Y54F10BM.11 Q95XK8 Y54F10BM.12 Q95XK6 Y54F10BM.13 Q95XK5 Y54F10BM.14 Q8I0R9 Y54F10BM.2 Q95XK7 Y54F10BM.3 Q95XL1 Y54F10BM.4 Q95XL2 Y54F10BM.5 Q95XL4 Y54F10BM.6 Q95XL5 Y54F10BM.7 Q95XL3 Y54F10BM.9 Q95XL0 Y54G11A.1 Q9XVZ7 Y54G11A.10 Q9U245 lin-7 encodes a protein that contains a PDZ domain and an L27 domain, two protein interaction domains that likely serve as organizational centers for large macromolecular complexes in polarized cells; LIN-7 is required for proper basolateral localization of the LET-23/EGF receptor in vulval epithelial cells, and along with LIN-2 and LIN-10, forms a protein complex that likely mediates this asymmetric localization with LIN-7 simultaneously binding to the C-terminus of LET-23 and an internal region of LIN-2; a LIN-7 translational reporter fusion indicates that LIN-7 is expressed at intestinal cell junctions; expression in vulval epithelial cells is detected only upon overexpression via heat shock, and reveals localization primarily at the lateral cell junctions of the vulval precursor cells P5.p and P6.p. Y54G11A.11 Q9XVZ8 Y54G11A.12 Q9XVZ3 Y54G11A.13 Q8MYL7 Y54G11A.14 Q8MYL8 Y54G11A.15 Q7YXA6 Y54G11A.2 Q9XW03 Y54G11A.3 Q9XVZ6 Y54G11A.4 Q9XW02 Y54G11A.5a Q27487 ctl-2 encodes a peroxisomal catalase, whose mRNA abundance decreases as animals age; ctl-2 is orthologous to human CATALASE (OMIM:115500, mutated in acatalasemia). Y54G11A.5b Q27487 Catalase Y54G11A.6 O61235 ctl-1 encodes a cytoplasmic catalase. Y54G11A.7 Q9XW01 Y54G11A.8a Q9XW00 Y54G11A.8b Q7K742 Y54G11A.9 Q9XVZ9 Y54G11B.1 O45249 Y54G2A.1 O16853 Y54G2A.10a Q95XX7 Y54G2A.10b Q86FN9 Y54G2A.11a Q95XX8 Y54G2A.11b Q86FN8 Y54G2A.12 Q9N3C1 Y54G2A.13 Q9N3C0 Y54G2A.14 Q9N3B9 Y54G2A.15 Q9N3B8 Y54G2A.16 Q9N3B7 Y54G2A.17a Q8WTL1 Y54G2A.17b Q95XX1 Y54G2A.17c Q86FN7 Y54G2A.18 Q9N3B5 Y54G2A.19 Q9N3B4 Y54G2A.20 Q9N3B3 Y54G2A.21 Q9N3B2 Y54G2A.22 Q9N3B1 Y54G2A.23 Q9N3B0 Y54G2A.23 is orthologous to the human gene ARGININE-RICH PROTEIN (ARMET; OMIM:601916), which has been found mutated in solid tumors of many different types, including pancreatic tumors. Y54G2A.24a Q9N3A8 Y54G2A.24b Q7YZX0 Y54G2A.25a Q8WR45 lad-2 encodes a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is orthologous to Drosophila Neuroglian and the vertebrate L1-type neural adhesion molecules; although the precise role of LAD-2 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known, by homology, LAD-2 is predicted to function as an integral membrane receptor that regulates axon guidance and tissue morphogenesis; a lad-2 transcriptional reporter fusion is expressed in the SMD, SAA, SDQ, ALN, and PLN neurons. Y54G2A.25b Q7Z075 L1 CAM ADhesion molecule homolog Y54G2A.25c Q7Z074 L1 CAM ADhesion molecule homolog Y54G2A.26a Q9N3A3 Y54G2A.26b Q86FN6 Y54G2A.27 Q9N399 Y54G2A.28 Q9N398 Y54G2A.29 Q9N397 Y54G2A.2a Q9BMU4 Y54G2A.2b Q688Z6 Y54G2A.3 Q95XW9 Y54G2A.31 Q95XX0 Y54G2A.32 Q95XX6 Y54G2A.33 Q8WTL2 Y54G2A.35 Q8MXS7 Y54G2A.36 Q7Z073 Y54G2A.37 Q688Z5 Y54G2A.38 Q60F72 Y54G2A.39 Q60F71 Y54G2A.4 Q9N3A9 Y54G2A.5a Q8WTL0 Y54G2A.5b Q86FN5 Y54G2A.6 Q95XX2 Y54G2A.8a Q95XX4 Y54G2A.8b Q5W7E6 Y54G2A.9 Q95XX5 Y54G9A.1 Q9XWH1 Y54G9A.2 Q9XWH2 Y54G9A.3 Q9XWG9 The kqt-3 gene encodes a homolog of human KVLQT1, which when mutated leads to type 1 long QT syndrome (OMIM:192500). Y54G9A.4 Q9XWH3 Y54G9A.5 Q9XWG8 Y54G9A.6 Q9XWH0 Y54G9A.7 Q9BHB3 Y54G9A.9 Q8I4C6 Y54H5A.1 Q9N393 Y54H5A.2 Q9BL64 Y54H5A.3 Q9N394 Y54H5A.4 Q9N392 Y55B1AL.1 Q9N391 Y55B1AL.2 Q9N390 The Y55B1AL.2 gene encodes a small protein that is of ancient origin, and thus is presumably important to eukaryotic life; it is homologous to YDR079C-A (also known as NDR019C) in S. cerevisiae, and has homologs in humans, plants, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Y55B1AL.3a Q9N389 Y55B1AL.3b Q65XX0 Y55B1AR.1 Q9N384 lec-6 encodes a 'proto' type galectin (beta-galactosyl-binding lectin) containing a single carbohydrate recognition domain; by homology, LEC-6 may play roles in cell adhesion and aggregation, proliferation, or programmed cell death, but as loss of lec-6 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in obvious abnormalities, the precise role of LEC-6 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; in vitro, LEC-6 can interact with several types of blood group precursor oligosaccharides and gangliosides. Y55B1AR.2a Q9N385 Y55B1AR.2b Q7YZG7 Y55B1AR.3 Q9N383 Y55B1AR.4 Q9N382 Y55B1BL.1 Q9N381 Y55B1BM.1a Q9N379 Y55B1BM.1b Q8WTK8 Y55B1BM.1c Q7Z2B0 Y55B1BR.1 Q95XW6 Y55B1BR.2 Q95XW7 Y55B1BR.3 Q95XW8 Y55B1BR.4 Q95XW5 Y55D5A.1a Q968Z0 Y55D5A.1b Q7Z2B3 Y55D5A.2 Q968Z1 Y55D5A.3 Q9GUI1 Y55D5A.4 Q9GUH8 Y55D5A.5 Q968Y9 This metal resistance does not appear to be correlated with expression of metallothioneins, and thus may instead be mediated by stress proteins. Y55D5A.6 Q7KWZ4 Y55D9A.1a Q9XWG7 Y55D9A.1b Q95Q14 Y55D9A.2a Q9XWG6 Y55D9A.2b Q95Q15 Y55F3AM.1 Q9N361 Y55F3AM.10 Q9N366 Y55F3AM.11 Q9N365 Y55F3AM.12 Q9N363 Y55F3AM.13 Q9N362 Y55F3AM.14 Q9N360 Y55F3AM.15 Q9N359 csn-4 encodes a protein with similarity to human COP9 proteasome subunit 4. Y55F3AM.2 Q9N364 Y55F3AM.3a Q9N368 Y55F3AM.3b Q9N367 Y55F3AM.3c Q8MXS6 Y55F3AM.4 Q9N369 Y55F3AM.5 Q9N372 Y55F3AM.6a Q9N373 Y55F3AM.6b Q86FN4 Y55F3AM.8 Q9N371 Y55F3AM.9 Q9N370 Y55F3AR.1 Q9N356 Y55F3AR.2 Q9N357 Y55F3AR.3 Q9N358 Y55F3BL.1 Q9N355 Y55F3BL.2 Q65XW9 Y55F3BR.1 Q9N341 Y55F3BR.2a Q9N342 Y55F3BR.2b Q9N343 Y55F3BR.4 Q8WTK7 Y55F3BR.5 Q9N352 Y55F3BR.6 Q9N350 Y55F3BR.7 Q9N349 Y55F3BR.8a Q9N346 Y55F3BR.8b Q5W7E5 Y55F3C.2 Q5KQP7 Y55F3C.8 Q95XW0 Y55H10A.1 Q9TYW1 Y55H10A.2 Q9TYW2 Y55H10B.1 Q9N4R8 Y55H10B.2 Q9N4R9 Y56A3A.1 Q9U233 ntl-3 is the ortholog of NOT3/NOT5, a member of a protein complex also predicted to contain ccf-1/Y56A3A.20 (CAF1/POP2); ntl-3 is required for embryonic viability in mass RNAi assays. Y56A3A.10 Q9U219 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y56A3A.11 Q9U218 Y56A3A.12a Q9U217 Y56A3A.12b Q8I4C5 Y56A3A.13 O76463 The FHIT protein itself is an diadenosine-5',5'''-P(1),P(3)-triphosphate (AP3A) hydrolase (EC 3.6.1.29) that has been proposed to regulate DNA replication or signal stress responses. Y56A3A.14 Q9U232 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y56A3A.15 Q9U231 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y56A3A.16 Q9U242 Y56A3A.17a Q9U240 Y56A3A.17b Q7K6X4 Nuclear Pore complex Protein Y56A3A.18 Q9U239 Y56A3A.19 Q9U241 Y56A3A.2 Q9U227 Y56A3A.20 Q17345 a homolog of subunit 7 of CCR4-NOT transcription complex from S. cerevisiae. Y56A3A.21 Q9U238 Y56A3A.22 Q9U237 Y56A3A.27 O61660 Y56A3A.28 Q9U235 Y56A3A.29a Q9U221 Y56A3A.29b Q95Q13 Y56A3A.3 Q9U228 Y56A3A.30 Q9U234 Y56A3A.31 Q9U230 Y56A3A.32 Q9U229 Y56A3A.33 Q9U220 Y56A3A.4 Q9U226 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y56A3A.5 Q9U243 Y56A3A.6 Q9U225 Y56A3A.7 Q9U222 Y56A3A.9 Q9U215 Y57A10A.1 Q9U209 Y57A10A.10 Q9NA75 Y57A10A.11 Q9NA83 rol-1 encodes a nematode cuticular collagen required for normal body morphology at the adult stage of development; rol-1 expression is under the control of the heterochronic pathway, as heterochronic mutants that synthesize adult cuticle early produce animals that roll as larvae, while heterochronic mutants that fail to execute normal adult development never display the roller phenotype. Y57A10A.13 Q9NA69 Y57A10A.14 Q9NA82 Y57A10A.15 Q9U208 Y57A10A.15 is orthologous to the human gene MITOCHONDRIAL DNA POLYMERASE GAMMA (POLG; OMIM:174763), which when mutated leads to disease. Y57A10A.16 Q9NA81 Y57A10A.18 Q9U207 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y57A10A.19 Q9U213 Y57A10A.2 Q9U214 Y57A10A.20 Q9NA80 Y57A10A.21 Q9NA79 rsr-2 encodes an SR-related protein, a likely homolog of human Srm300, that is predicted to be involved in pre-mRNA splicing and is required for larval viability. Y57A10A.22 Q9U212 Y57A10A.23 Q9NA78 Y57A10A.24 Q9U211 Y57A10A.25 Q9NA76 Y57A10A.26 Q9NA74 Y57A10A.27 Q9U210 Y57A10A.28 Q9NA73 Y57A10A.29 Q9NA72 Y57A10A.3 Q9U206 Y57A10A.30a P56570 ife-5 encodes a member of the Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) family; it is expressed in the germ line. Y57A10A.30b P56570 Initiation Factor 4E (eIF4E) family Y57A10A.31 Q9NA71 Y57A10A.32 Q9NA70 Y57A10A.35 Q7YWQ1 Y57A10A.4 Q9NA88 Y57A10A.5 Q9NA87 Y57A10A.7 Q9NA85 Y57A10A.8 Q9NA84 Y57A10A.9 Q9NA77 Y57A10B.1 Q9XWI0 Y57A10B.2 Q9XWH9 Y57A10B.3 Q9XWH8 Y57A10B.4 Q9XWH7 Y57A10B.5 Q9XWH6 Y57A10B.6 Q9XWH5 Y57A10B.7 Q9XWH4 Y57A10C.1 O62487 Y57A10C.10 O62494 Y57A10C.3 O62488 Y57A10C.4 O62489 Y57A10C.6 O02353 Y57A10C.7 O62491 Y57A10C.8 O62492 Y57A10C.9 O62493 Y57E12AL.1a Q95XV3 Y57E12AL.1b Q95XV4 Y57E12AL.2 Q9N338 Y57E12AL.4 Q95XV5 Y57E12AL.5 Q9N337 mdt-6 encodes a highly conserved transcriptional mediator of the Med6 family that includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae Med6 and human MED6 (OMIM:602984); MDT-6 is an essential gene required maternally for embryogenesis and zygotically for postembryonic transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the Ras and Wnt signaling pathways that mediate vulval and male tail formation, respectively; mdt-6 is expressed in all cells at all stages and localizes to the peripheral region of nuclei, where actively transcribed portions of the genome may be localized. Y57E12AL.6 Q9N336 Y57E12AM.1 Q965T1 Y57E12B.1 Q95XU9 Y57E12B.2 Q95XV2 Y57E12B.3 Q95XV1 Y57E12B.4 Q95XV0 Y57G11A.1a O18221 Y57G11A.1b Q86CZ7 LIM domain containing proteins Y57G11A.2 O45861 Y57G11A.3 O18220 Y57G11A.4 O18222 Y57G11A.5 O18219 Y57G11B.1 O18223 Y57G11B.2 O18225 Y57G11B.3 O18226 Y57G11B.5 O18224 Y57G11B.6 Q7YWP1 Y57G11B.7 Q7YWP0 Y57G11C.1 O18227 The haf-8 gene encodes a homolog of human CHM, which when mutated leads to choroideraemia (OMIM:303100). Y57G11C.10 Q21449 gdi-1 encodes a member of the Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) family with high similarity to Drosophila Gdi; expressed around the pharyngeal, vulval, and tail regions. Y57G11C.11 O18235 coq-3 encodes a protein involved in coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) biosynthesis that is predicted to be mitochondrial. Y57G11C.12 O18236 Y57G11C.13 O18237 Y57G11C.14 O18238 Y57G11C.15 O18239 Y57G11C.16 O18240 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y57G11C.17 O18241 Y57G11C.18 O18242 Y57G11C.19 O18243 Y57G11C.2 O18228 Y57G11C.20 O18244 Y57G11C.21 O18245 Y57G11C.22 O18246 Y57G11C.23 O18247 Y57G11C.24a O18250 eps-8 is predicted to encode five protein isoforms with similarity to mouse epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate that affects embryonic viability, growth, locomotion, osmoregulation, and larval viability; interacts with GEX-3 in yeast two-hybrid assays. Y57G11C.24b O18248 epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate Y57G11C.24c O18249 epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate Y57G11C.24d Q7YTG1 EPS (human endocytosis) related Y57G11C.24e Q7YTG2 EPS (human endocytosis) related Y57G11C.25 O18251 Y57G11C.3 O18229 Y57G11C.31 O18253 Y57G11C.32 Q9U205 Y57G11C.33 Q9U204 Y57G11C.34 Q95Q11 Y57G11C.36 Q8I4C4 Y57G11C.37 Q8I4C3 Y57G11C.38 Q8I4C2 Y57G11C.39 Q7YTI8 Y57G11C.4 O18230 Y57G11C.40 Q7YTI7 Y57G11C.41 Q7YTI6 Y57G11C.42 Q7YTI5 Y57G11C.43 Q7YTI4 Y57G11C.44 Q7YTI3 Y57G11C.45 Q7YTI2 Y57G11C.46 Q7YTI1 Y57G11C.47 Q7YTI0 Y57G11C.48 Q7YTH9 Y57G11C.49 Q6BEQ0 Y57G11C.5 O18231 Y57G11C.50 Q5WRK9 Y57G11C.6 O18232 Y57G11C.7 O18233 Y57G11C.8 O18234 Y57G11C.9a Q9U203 Y57G11C.9b Q9U202 Y57G11C.9c Q95Q12 Y57G7A.1 O76628 Y57G7A.10a O76630 Y57G7A.10b Q86DM5 Y57G7A.11 Q95X26 Y57G7A.12 Q65CL6 Y57G7A.2 O76627 Y57G7A.3a O76624 Y57G7A.3b Q7KPD3 Y57G7A.4 O76620 Y57G7A.5 O76621 Y57G7A.6 O76623 Y57G7A.7 O76625 Y57G7A.8 O76626 Y57G7A.9 O76629 Y58A7A.1 Q966A8 Y58A7A.2 Q966A7 Y58A7A.3 Q966A6 Y58A7A.4 Q966A5 Y58A7A.5 Q966A4 Y58A7A.6 Q966A3 Y58G8A.1 Q9N4R6 Y58G8A.2 Q9N4R7 Y58G8A.4a Q9N4R5 Y58G8A.4b Q6F3C9 Y59A8A.1 Q9GS00 More generally, the COP9 signalosome has been shown to associate with the 26 S ubiquitin proteasome and may regulate protein stability; the structural organization of the COP9 signalosome, as revealed by electron microscopy, resembles the lid of the 19 S regulatory particle of the 26 S proteasome. Y59A8A.2 Q9GRZ5 Y59A8A.3 Q9GRZ9 Y59A8A.4 Q9GRZ8 Y59A8B.10 Q9GRY9 Y59A8B.11 Q9NEQ6 Y59A8B.12 Q9NEQ5 Y59A8B.13 Q9GRY8 Y59A8B.14 Q9GN62 par-4 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR MGC:12715) (STK11; OMIM:602216), which when mutated leads to disease. Y59A8B.19 Q9GRY4 Y59A8B.2 Q9GRZ4 Y59A8B.20 Q9NER7 Y59A8B.21 Q9GRY3 Y59A8B.22 Q9NES0 Y59A8B.23 Q9GRY2 Y59A8B.24 Q9NES3 Y59A8B.3 Q9GRY6 Y59A8B.4 Q9GRY7 Y59A8B.6 Q9GRZ2 Y59A8B.7 Q9GRZ1 Y59A8B.8 Q9NEQ8 Y59A8B.9 Q9GRZ0 Y59C2A.1 Q9TZC6 Y59C2A.2 Q9TZC7 Y59E1A.1 Q968Z2 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y59E1A.2 Q9TXM8 Y59E1B.1 Q9N331 Y59E1B.2 Q9N332 Y59E9AL.1 Q9N327 Y59E9AR.1 Q9N2M1 Y59E9AR.2 Q9N2L8 Y59E9AR.3 Q9N2K7 Y59E9AR.4 Q9N326 Y59E9AR.5 Q9N2K7 Y59E9AR.6 Q9N325 Y59E9AR.7 Q9N2M1 Y59E9AR.8 Q9N2L8 Y59H11AL.1 Q9N324 Y59H11AM.1 Q95XU7 Y59H11AM.2 Q95NX4 Y59H11AM.3 Q95NX4 Y59H11AM.4 Q95XU8 Y59H11AR.1 Q9N320 Y59H11AR.2a Q9N323 Y59H11AR.2b Q86FP2 Y59H11AR.3 Q9N322 Y59H11AR.4 Q9N321 Y5F2A.1 P55955 Y5F2A.2 Q9XWL1 Y5F2A.3 Q9XWK9 Y5F2A.4 Q9XWL0 Y5H2A.1 Q9N4R3 Y5H2A.2 Q966A2 Y5H2A.3 Q86S74 abu-4 encodes a transmembrane protein with a predicted signal sequence, a glutamine/asparagine-rich domain and multiple cysteine-rich repeats (DUF139); abu-4 expression is induced by blockage of the unfolded-protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ABU-4 may function within the ER to protect the organism from damage by improperly folded nascent protein; abu-4 expression is enhanced in ER-stressed animals in which the unfolded protein response (UPR) is blocked by mutations in xbp-1, a bZIP transcription factor. Y5H2B.2a Q9N4Q7 Y5H2B.2b Q6F3C8 Nuclear Hormone Receptor family Y5H2B.5 Q9N4Q5 Y5H2B.6 Q9N4Q4 Y5H2B.7 Q966A1 Y60A3A.1 Q23023 Paradoxically, the repellent cue appears to be coexpressed with EGL-17 (a fibroblast growth factor-like protein that attracts sex myoblasts). Y60A3A.10 Q9U1Y6 dhs-24 encodes a member of the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (SDR). Y60A3A.12 Q9U1Y5 chk-2 encodes a member of the Cds1/Chk2 checkpoint kinase family, orthologous to human CHK2 (OMIM:604373, mutated in Li-Fraumeni syndrome), that affects pairing between homologous chromosomes during early meiotic prophase, and might function to couple premeiotic S phase with early prophase; CHK-2 is expressed in the germ line. Y60A3A.13 Q9U1Z3 Y60A3A.14 Q9U1Z2 Y60A3A.15 Q9U1Z1 Y60A3A.16 Q9U1Z0 Y60A3A.18 Q9U1Y9 Both skr-3 and skr-4 are on the right arm of chromosome V, which perhaps reflects a local gene duplication from which they might have arisen. Y60A3A.19 Q9U1Y8 Y60A3A.2 Q9U201 Y60A3A.21 Q8I4C1 Y60A3A.22 Q86MD0 Y60A3A.23 Q7YWP2 Y60A3A.24 Q5ZEQ0 Y60A3A.3 Q9U200 Y60A3A.4 Q9U1Z8 Y60A3A.5 Q9U1Z9 Y60A3A.6 Q9U1Z7 Y60A3A.7 Q9U1Z6 Y60A3A.8 Q9U1Z5 Y60A3A.9 Q9U1Z4 Y60A9.1 Q9U1Y4 Y60A9.2 Q9U1Y3 Y60A9.3 Q9U1Y2 Y60A9A.1 Q7YWN7 Y60C6A.1 Q9UAZ5 Y61A9LA.1 Q9N309 Y61A9LA.10 Q9N306 Y61A9LA.11 Q95XU5 Y61A9LA.3a Q9N313 Y61A9LA.3b Q9N310 Y61A9LA.3c Q8MXS5 Y61A9LA.4 Q9N315 Y61A9LA.5 Q7KX06 Y61A9LA.7 Q9N316 Y61A9LA.8 Q95XU6 Y61A9LA.9 Q9N312 Y61B8A.1 O45965 Y61B8A.2 O45966 Y61B8B.1 O45967 Y61B8B.2 O45968 Y62E10A.1 Q9U1X9 rpa-2 encodes an acidic ribosomal subunit protein P2. Y62E10A.10 Q9U1X6 Y62E10A.12 Q9U1W8 Y62E10A.13a Q9U1W6 Y62E10A.13b Q9U1W7 Y62E10A.13c Q95Q10 Y62E10A.14 Q9U1X3 Y62E10A.16 Q9U1W5 Y62E10A.17 Q9U1W4 Y62E10A.18 Q7YTH7 Y62E10A.19 Q7YTH6 Y62E10A.2 Q9U1X8 Y62E10A.3 Q9U1Y1 Y62E10A.4 Q9U1X1 Y62E10A.5 Q9U1Y0 Where it has been biochemically characterized, AGT appears to protects living organisms from endogenous and exogenous alkylation damage to DNA at the O-6-position of guanine. Y62E10A.6 Q9U1X0 Y62E10A.8 Q9U1X7 Y62E10A.9 Q9U1W9 rab-19 encodes a small GTPase homologous to the Rab GTPases that function in endocytosis, membrane fusion, and vesicular trafficking events; the precise biological role and expression pattern of rab-19 are not yet known. Y62F5A.10 Q7YWN5 Y62F5A.1a Q9U1W3 Y62F5A.1b Q9U1W2 MeDiaTor Y62F5A.9 Q8T3A5 Y62H9A.1 Q9XWT7 Y62H9A.10 Q9XWS9 Y62H9A.11 Q9XWS5 Y62H9A.12 Q9XWS8 Y62H9A.13 Q9XWS7 Y62H9A.14 Q9XTG2 Y62H9A.2 Q9XWT6 Y62H9A.3 Q9XWT5 Y62H9A.4 Q9XWT4 Y62H9A.5 Q9XWS6 Y62H9A.6 Q9XWT3 Y62H9A.7 Q9XWT2 Y62H9A.8 Q9XWT1 Y62H9A.9 Q9XWT0 Y63D3A.10 Q9XWG4 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y63D3A.11 Q9NA68 Y63D3A.2 Q9XWG1 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y63D3A.3 Q9NA67 Y63D3A.4 Q9XWG3 Y63D3A.5 Q9U1W1 Y63D3A.6a Q9U1W0 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. Y63D3A.6b Q9U1V9 DnaJ domain Y63D3A.7 Q9XWG2 Y63D3A.8 Q9XTE6 Y63D3A.9 Q9XWG0 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y64G10A.1 Q9U1V8 Y64G10A.2 Q9NA66 Y64G10A.3 Q9NA65 Y64G10A.6 Q9NA64 Y64G10A.7 Q9TVQ2 The Y64G10A.7 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene FIBRILLIN-1, which when mutated leads to Marfan syndrome (OMIM:154700). Y64G10A.8 Q7YWP3 Y64H9A.1 Q95Y55 Y64H9A.2 Q95Y56 Y65A5A.1 Q9XTW5 Y65A5A.2 Q9XTW3 Y65A5A.3 Q9XTW4 Y65B4A.1 Q9BL57 Y65B4A.2 Q9BL59 Y65B4A.3 Q9BL60 Y65B4A.4 Q9BL63 Y65B4A.6 Q9BL61 Y65B4A.7 Q9BL58 Y65B4A.8 Q9BL56 Y65B4A.9 Q9BL55 Y65B4BL.1 Q9N300 Y65B4BL.2 Q9N303 Y65B4BL.3 Q9N305 Y65B4BL.4 Q9N304 Y65B4BL.5 Q9N302 Y65B4BL.6 Q9N301 Y65B4BL.7 Q95XU4 Y65B4BR.1 Q9N2Z4 Y65B4BR.2 Q9N2Z5 Y65B4BR.3 Q9N2Z6 ptr-21 encodes a member of the Patched superfamily. Y65B4BR.4a Q9N2Z7 Y65B4BR.4b Q95XU3 WW domain Protein (E3 ubiquitin ligase) Y65B4BR.5a Q9N2Z8 Y65B4BR.5b Q86S66 Y65B4BR.6a Q9N2Z3 Y65B4BR.6b Q86S65 GRound-Like (grd related) Y65B4BR.8 Q9BL54 Y65B4BR.9 P56407 Y66A7A.1 Q9XWY7 Y66A7A.2 Q9XWY3 Y66A7A.3 Q9XWY6 Y66A7A.4 Q9U1V6 Y66A7A.5 Q7K6J1 Y66A7A.6 O45293 GLY-8 is distinct from other C. elegans GalNAc transferases in that it does not contain a C-terminal ricin-like lectin domain, the function of which is not yet known. Y66A7A.7 Q9XWY4 Y66A7A.8 O45291 Y66D12A.1 Q9BI35 Y66D12A.10 Q95Q05 Y66D12A.11 Q95Q04 Y66D12A.12 Q95Q03 Y66D12A.13 Q9BI47 Y66D12A.14 Q95Q02 Y66D12A.15 Q95PZ4 Y66D12A.15 is orthologous to the human gene EXCISION REPAIR CROSS-COMPLEMENTING RODENT REPAIR DEFICIENCY, COMPLEMENTATION GROUP 3 (XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM GROUP B COMPLEMENTING) (ERCC3; OMIM:133510), which when mutated leads to disease. Y66D12A.16 Q95Q01 Y66D12A.17 Q95Q00 Y66D12A.17 encodes a paralog of GFI-3 that, like GFI-3, is distantly similar to the human anaphase promoting complex subunit APC5. Y66D12A.18 Q95PJ9 Y66D12A.19 Q95PZ6 Y66D12A.20 Q95PZ9 spe-6 encodes a predicted protein-serine threonine kinase in the casein kinase 1 family that is required for spermatid activation, and for progression through late prophase of meiosis I, and is specifically required for the assembly of MSP (major sperm protein) in the fibrous bodies of spermatocytes; bypasses the requirement for spe-27, spe-8, spe-12, and spe-29 with respect to spermatid activation. Y66D12A.21 Q95PJ8 Y66D12A.22 Q9Y0V6 Y66D12A.23 Q95PZ8 Y66D12A.24 Q95PZ5 Y66D12A.3 Q95Q09 Y66D12A.4 Q95Q07 Y66D12A.5 Q95Q08 Y66D12A.6 Q9BI39 Y66D12A.7 Q9BI40 Y66D12A.8 Q95Q06 Y66D12A.9 Q95PZ7 Y66H1A.2 Q9TYJ7 Y66H1A.3 Q9TYJ8 Y66H1A.5 Q9TYK0 Y66H1A.6a Q9TYJ9 Y66H1A.6b Q6EZG5 Heavy chain, Unconventional Myosin Y66H1B.4 Q9Y194 Y67A10A.1 Q9U1V4 Y67A10A.10 Q7YWN3 Y67A10A.2 Q9U1U8 Y67A10A.3 Q9U1U7 Y67A10A.4 Q9U1V5 Y67A10A.5 Q9U1U9 Y67A10A.6 Q9U1V3 Y67A10A.7 Q9U1V2 Y67A10A.8 Q9U1V1 Y67A10A.9 Q9U1V0 Y67A10A.9 encodes a claudin homolog that may be required for normal cohesion of apical junctions in epithelia; Y67A10A.9 is worm-specific, with obvious homologs only in C. elegans; Y67A10A.9 has no obvious function in mass RNAi assays; claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. Y67A6A.1 Q9XWJ2 Y67A6A.2 O02279 Y67D2.1a Q9BKQ5 Y67D2.1b Q7Z1Q4 Y67D2.2 Q9BKQ6 Y67D2.3 Q9BKQ9 Y67D2.4 Q9BKR1 Y67D2.5 Q9BKR0 Y67D2.6 Q9BKQ8 Y67D2.7 Q9BKQ7 Y67D8A.1 Q95XU2 Y67D8A.1 is orthologous to the human gene PHOSPHORYLASE KINASE, BETA SUBUNIT (PHKB; OMIM:172490), which when mutated leads to glycogen storage disease. Y67D8A.2a Q5W7E4 Y67D8A.2b Q8WTK5 Y67D8A.2c Q5W7E3 Y67D8A.3 Q95XU1 Y67D8B.1 Q95XU0 Y67D8B.2 Q95XT8 Y67D8B.4 Q95XT9 Y67D8B.5 Q95XT6 Y67D8C.1 Q9GUN2 Y67D8C.10a Q95XP6 Y67D8C.10b Q95XP5 Membrane Calcium ATPase Y67D8C.10c Q8MXS0 Membrane Calcium ATPase Y67D8C.2 Q9GUN4 Y67D8C.3a Q9GUN8 Y67D8C.3b Q86DD2 transposase Y67D8C.4 Q9GUN9 Y67D8C.5 Q9GUP2 Y67D8C.6 Q9GUN7 Y67D8C.7 Q9GUN5 Y67D8C.8 Q95XP7 Y67D8C.9 Q9GUN3 Y67H2A.1 Q95PY8 Y67H2A.10 Q86DA8 Y67H2A.2 Q95PZ3 Y67H2A.4a Q95PZ2 Y67H2A.4b Q8I0Y9 Y67H2A.5 Q95PZ1 Y67H2A.6 Q95PZ0 csn-6 encodes a homolog of COP9 signalosome complex subunit 2 that affects embryonic viability and fertility. Y67H2A.7 Q95PY9 Y67H2A.8 Q9NEQ0 These four genes are thus likely to have arisen through local gene duplications followed by functional divergence. Y68A4A.10 Q9XXP6 Y68A4A.2 Q9XXP9 Y68A4A.3 Q9XXP8 Y68A4A.5 Q9XXQ2 Y68A4A.6 Q9XXP7 Y68A4A.7 Q9XXQ1 Y68A4A.9 Q9XXQ3 Y68A4B.1 Q9XXB8 Y68A4B.2 Q9XXB7 Y68A4B.3 Q9XXB6 Y69A2AL.1 Q9N2Z2 Y69A2AR.10 Q95XH6 Y69A2AR.11 Q95XH7 Y69A2AR.12 Q95XH9 Y69A2AR.13 Q95XI0 Y69A2AR.14 Q95XI3 Y69A2AR.15 Q95XI5 Y69A2AR.16 Q95XI7 Y69A2AR.17 Q95XI8 Y69A2AR.18a Q95XJ0 Y69A2AR.18b Q95XI9 Y69A2AR.18c Q86DM7 Y69A2AR.19 Q95XJ2 Y69A2AR.1a Q95XG1 Y69A2AR.1b Q95XG2 Y69A2AR.1c Q95XG3 Y69A2AR.1d Q95XG4 Y69A2AR.21 Q95XJ1 Y69A2AR.22 Q95XI6 Y69A2AR.23 Q95XI4 Y69A2AR.24 Q95XI2 Y69A2AR.25 Q95XI1 Y69A2AR.26 Q95XH8 Y69A2AR.27 Q95XH3 Y69A2AR.28 Q95XH0 Y69A2AR.29 Q95XG7 ngn-1 encodes a member of the neurogenein family that is required for axonal guidance and connectivity of a subset of neurons, and also affects locomotion. Y69A2AR.2a Q9GSX9 Y69A2AR.2b Q86DD4 Resistance to Inhibitors of Cholinesterase Y69A2AR.3 Q95XG6 Y69A2AR.30a Q9NGT3 Y69A2AR.30b Q8T870 MAD (yeast Mitosis Arrest DeFicient) related Y69A2AR.31 Q95XG5 Y69A2AR.32a Q8T872 Y69A2AR.32b Q8T871 Y69A2AR.4 Q95XG8 Y69A2AR.5 Q95XG9 Y69A2AR.6 Q95XH1 Y69A2AR.7a Q95XH2 Y69A2AR.7b Q8T873 Y69A2AR.7c Q86DD3 Y69A2AR.8 Q95XH4 Y69A2AR.9 Q95XH5 Y69E1A.1 Q9XW39 Y69E1A.2 Q9XW38 Y69E1A.3 Q9XW34 Y69E1A.4 Q9XW33 Y69E1A.5 Q9XW37 Y69E1A.6 Q9XW32 Y69E1A.7 Q9XW36 Y69E1A.8 Q9XW35 Y69F12A.1 Q9N4Q0 Y69F12A.2a Q7Z1Q3 Y69F12A.2b Q7Z1Q2 ALdehyde deHydrogenase Y69H2.1 Q9XTT0 Y69H2.10a Q9U1U0 Y69H2.10b Q5WRL0 Y69H2.11 Q9U1T9 Y69H2.12 Q9U1T8 Y69H2.13 Q9U1T7 Y69H2.14 Q8I4C0 Y69H2.2 Q9XTS9 Y69H2.3a Q9U1T6 Y69H2.3b Q9U1T5 Y69H2.3c Q8I4B9 Y69H2.3d Q8I4B8 Y69H2.6 Q9U1U4 ubc-19 encodes a predicted conjgating enzyme (UBCs/E2s) of the ubiquitin-conjugation system with a potentially low effect on embryonic viability, based on RNAi analysis. Y69H2.7 Q9U1U3 Y69H2.8 Q9U1U2 Y69H2.9 Q9U1U1 Y6B3A.1a Q9XWG5 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y6B3A.1b Q7K783 Y6B3B.1 O18164 Y6B3B.10 Q9XWE9 Y6B3B.11 Q9XWF0 Y6B3B.3 Q9XWE7 Y6B3B.4 Q9U1T0 Y6B3B.5a Q9XWE8 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. Y6B3B.5b Q5ZEQ3 Y6B3B.7 Q9U1T2 Y6B3B.9 Q9U1T1 Y6D11A.1 Q9N4P9 Y6D11A.2 Q8WTM6 Y6D1A.1 Q9U1S8 Y6D1A.2 Q9U1S9 Y6E2A.1 O45971 Y6E2A.2 O45972 Y6E2A.4 O45969 Y6E2A.5 Q9XXT8 Y6E2A.6 O45973 Y6E2A.7 O45974 Y6E2A.8 O45975 Y6E2A.9a Q7K7S6 Y6E2A.9b O45976 Y6G8.1 O01710 Y6G8.2 O01711 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y6G8.3 O01709 Y6G8.4 Q7YWQ3 Y70C5A.2 O62495 Y70C5B.1 O45980 Y70C5C.1 O62499 Y70C5C.2 O62498 Y70C5C.3 O62497 Y70C5C.4 O62500 Y70C5C.5 O62501 Y70C5C.6a O62496 Y70C5C.6b Q7JK65 Zinc finger, C4 type (two domains) Y70D2A.1 O62168 Y70D2A.2 Q9XW90 Y70G10A.2 Q9XWC4 Y70G10A.3 Q9XWC5 Y71A12B.1 Q9NEN6 rps-6 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S6 protein. Y71A12B.10 Q9GRV1 Y71A12B.11 Q9NEN0 Y71A12B.12 Q9NEM8 Y71A12B.13a Q95PY7 Y71A12B.13b Q95PY6 Y71A12B.15 Q7YTI9 Y71A12B.2 Q9NEP5 Y71A12B.3 Q9NEP5 Y71A12B.4 Q9GRV5 Y71A12B.5 Q9NEP2 Y71A12B.6 Q9GRV4 Y71A12B.7 Q9GRV3 Y71A12B.8 Q9NEN9 Y71A12B.9 Q9GRV2 Y71A12C.1 Q9XXB5 Y71A12C.2 Q9XXB4 Y71D11A.2a Q95Y51 Y71D11A.2b Q7Z1Q5 SMN (Survival of Motor Neuron protein) Related Y71F9AL.1 Q9N4H1 Y71F9AL.10 Q9N4I6 Y71F9AL.11 Q9N4I7 Y71F9AL.12 Q9N4I5 Y71F9AL.13a Q9N4I4 rpl-1 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L10a protein; by homology, RPL-1 is predicted to function in protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, RPL-1 activity is essential for embryonic development. Y71F9AL.13b Q95Y46 Ribosomal Protein, Large subunit Y71F9AL.14 Q9N4I1 Y71F9AL.16 Q9N4I0 Y71F9AL.17 Q9N4H7 Y71F9AL.17 encodes an alpha subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex; in mass RNAi assays, Y71F9AL.17 is required for embryonic viability, fertility, normal locomotion, and normally rapid growth. Y71F9AL.18 Q9N4H4 Y71F9AL.2 Q9N4H2 Y71F9AL.3 Q9N4H3 Y71F9AL.4 Q9N4H5 Y71F9AL.5 Q9N4H6 Y71F9AL.6 Q9N4H8 Y71F9AL.7 Q9N4H9 Y71F9AL.8 Q9N4I2 Y71F9AL.9 Q9N4I3 Y71F9AM.4a Q6AW08 Y71F9AM.4b Q86S64 Y71F9AM.5 Q9U757 Y71F9AM.6 Q95XT5 Y71F9AR.1 Q86S63 Y71F9AR.2 Q95XT2 Y71F9AR.3 Q95XT1 Y71F9B.1 Q9N4G1 Y71F9B.10a Q9N4G4 The sop-3 gene encodes a novel protein that regulates Hox gene expression by modulating Wnt signaling. Y71F9B.10b Q95Y43 Suppressor of Pal-1 Y71F9B.13a Q9N4F9 Y71F9B.13b Q9N4G0 Y71F9B.13c Q8IAB0 Y71F9B.14 Q9N4F8 Y71F9B.15 Q9N4F7 Y71F9B.16 Q95Y44 The other, non-DnaJ domains appear to permit selective association of DnaJ homologs with defined subgroups of the Hsp70 substrates. Y71F9B.2 Q9N4G7 Y71F9B.3 Q9N4G8 Y71F9B.4 Q9N4G9 Y71F9B.5a Q94132 lin-17 encodes one of four C. elegans Frizzled homologs, integral membrane proteins that contain an external cysteine rich domain (CRD) and seven transmembrane domains and that function in a wide variety of species as receptors for Wnt glycoprotein signaling molecules; LIN-17 activity is required for specifying the polarity of a number of asymmetric cell divisions that, in C. elegans, are essential for development of such structures as the vulva, somatic gonad, and tail; LIN-17 is also required for the proper polarity of neuronal migrations along the anterior-posterior axis; genetic interactions indicate that LIN-17 likely functions as a receptor for several different Wnt molecules, including LIN-44 and EGL-20, and that in specifying cell fates, the LIN-17-mediated signaling pathway often functions redundantly with other signaling pathways, including the RTK/Ras pathway; a LIN-17 translational reporter fusion shows membrane-associated expression in all of the Pn.pxx vulval precursor cells, in the descendants of V6 and T in males, in the P11.p and B cells, as well as their daughters, and granddaughters, and weakly in P10.p and its daughters; the reporter fusion does not reveal expression in P7.p, Z1, Z4, and T. Y71F9B.5b Q95Y45 abnormal cell LINeage Y71F9B.6 Q9N4H0 Y71F9B.7 Q9N2L7 Y71F9B.8 Q9N4G6 Y71F9B.9 Q9N4G5 Y71G10AL.1a Q8MXS3 Y71G10AR.1 Q9N2Y6 Y71G10AR.3 Q9N2Y5 Y71G12A.2 Q9BL51 Y71G12A.3 Q9BL53 Y71G12A.4 Q9BL52 Y71G12B.10 Q95XN1 Y71G12B.10 is orthologous to the human gene 3-HYDROXYMETHYL-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COENZYME A LYASE (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARICACIDURIA) (HMGCL; OMIM:246450), which when mutated leads to disease. Y71G12B.11a Q22860 Y71G12B.11b Q95XN3 Y71G12B.12a Q95XN4 Y71G12B.12b Q86LT9 Y71G12B.13 Q95XN5 Y71G12B.14 Q95XN6 Y71G12B.15 Q95XN7 ubc-3 encodes an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme orthologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human CDC34 (OMIM:603731) which are involved in regulating protein stability during G1 and G2 cell cycle phase transitions; by homology, UBC-3 is likely required for covalent attachment of ubiquitin to select target proteins to facilitate their degradation; however, as loss of UBC-3 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of UBC-3 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. Y71G12B.16 Q95XN8 Y71G12B.17 Q95XP0 Y71G12B.18 Q95XP3 Y71G12B.1a Q95XL8 Y71G12B.1b Q95XL9 Y71G12B.2 Q95XM0 Y71G12B.20a Q95XP4 Y71G12B.20b Q86LT8 Male ABnormal Y71G12B.21 Q95XP2 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y71G12B.22 Q95XP1 Y71G12B.23a Q95XN9 Y71G12B.23b Q6AW04 Y71G12B.24 Q95XN2 Y71G12B.25 Q95XM8 Y71G12B.26 Q95XM7 Y71G12B.27 Q95XM4 Y71G12B.28 Q95XL7 Y71G12B.3 Q95XM1 Y71G12B.4 Q95XM2 Y71G12B.5 Q95XM3 Y71G12B.6 Q95XM5 Y71G12B.7 Q95XM6 Y71G12B.8 Q95XM9 Y71G12B.9a Q95XN0 Y71G12B.9b Q8IU04 Y71H10A.1a Q9TZL8 Y71H10A.1 is orthologous to the human gene PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE, MUSCLE TYPE (PFKM; OMIM:232800), which when mutated leads to glycogen storage disease VII. Y71H10A.1b Q95X24 Y71H10A.2 Q9TZL9 Y71H10B.1a Q9TZC8 Y71H10B.1b Q95X21 Y71H10B.1c Q86MI3 Y71H2AL.1 Q9N2Y1 Y71H2AL.2 Q9N2Y0 Y71H2AM.1 Q9BL28 Y71H2AM.10 Q9BL47 Y71H2AM.11 Q9BL46 Y71H2AM.12 Q9BL44 Y71H2AM.13 Q9BL43 Y71H2AM.14 Q9BL42 Y71H2AM.15 Q9BL41 Y71H2AM.16 Q9BL40 Y71H2AM.17 Q9BL39 Y71H2AM.18 Q9BL38 Y71H2AM.19 Q9BL37 Y71H2AM.2 Q9BL29 Y71H2AM.20a Q9BL35 Y71H2AM.20b Q8IAA3 Y71H2AM.21 Q9BL32 Y71H2AM.22 Q9BL31 Y71H2AM.23 Q19072 Y71H2AM.3 Q9BL30 Y71H2AM.4 Q9BL33 Y71H2AM.5 Q9BL34 Y71H2AM.6 Q9BL36 Y71H2AM.7 Q9BL45 Y71H2AM.8 Q9BL48 Y71H2AR.1 Q9BL27 Y71H2AR.2 Q9BL26 Y71H2AR.3 Q8IAA2 Y71H2B.1 Q9N4E7 Y71H2B.10a Q9N4F3 The apt-3 gene encodes an adaptin: specifically, it encodes an ortholog of the beta1/2 subunit of adaptor protein complex 1 (AP-1) that affects fertility and embryonic viability. Y71H2B.10b Q7YZG9 AdaPTin or adaptin-related protein Y71H2B.10c Q7YZG8 AdaPTin or adaptin-related protein Y71H2B.11 Q95Y42 Y71H2B.2 Q9N4E8 Y71H2B.3 Q9N4E9 Y71H2B.4 Q9N4F0 Y71H2B.5 Q9N4F1 Y71H2B.6 Q9N4F2 Y71H2B.7 Q9N4F4 Y71H2B.8 Q9N4F6 Y71H9A.1 Q9XWC7 Y71H9A.2 Q9XWC6 Y71H9A.3 Q22165 Y73B3A.1 Q95XE2 Y73B3A.10 Q95XG0 Y73B3A.11 Q95XF8 Y73B3A.12 Q95XF6 Y73B3A.13 Q95XF4 Y73B3A.14 Q95XF2 Y73B3A.15 Q95XF1 Y73B3A.16 Q95XE7 Y73B3A.18a Q95XE4 Y73B3A.18b Q8MXR8 Y73B3A.2 Q95XE5 Y73B3A.20 Q95XE3 Y73B3A.21 Q95XE1 Y73B3A.3 Q95XE8 Y73B3A.4 Q95XE9 Y73B3A.5 Q95XF0 Y73B3A.6 Q95XF3 Y73B3A.7 Q95XF5 Y73B3A.8 Q95XF7 Y73B3A.9 Q95XF9 Y73B3B.1 Q95XD8 Y73B3B.2 Q95XE0 Y73B3B.3 Q95XD9 Y73B3B.4 Q95XD7 Y73B3B.5 Q95XD6 Y73B6A.1 Q9N4E6 Y73B6A.2 Q9N4E5 Y73B6A.3 Q9N4E4 Y73B6A.4 Q9Y053 Y73B6A.5a Q07292 Notably, mutations in lin-31 that induce multivulva phenotypes are partially suppressed by lin-45 mutations with a vulvaless phenotype, indicating that interactions between the transcription factor LIN-31 and LIN-45/RAF are more complex than expected. Y73B6A.5b Q8MXT8 abnormal cell LINeage Y73B6BL.1 Q95XC6 Y73B6BL.1 is orthologous to the human gene TRANSTHYRETIN (PREALBUMIN, AMYLOIDOSIS TYPE I) (TYR; OMIM:176300), which when mutated leads to disease. Y73B6BL.10 Q9GUH2 Y73B6BL.11 Q9GUH0 Y73B6BL.12 Q9GUG7 Y73B6BL.13 Q9GUG4 Y73B6BL.14 Q9GUG2 Y73B6BL.16 Q9GUG0 Y73B6BL.18 Q95XD2 Y73B6BL.19 Q95XD1 Y73B6BL.19 encodes a SHAL/Kv4 ortholog, which encodes voltage-dependent potassium channels expressed in muscle. Y73B6BL.2 Q95XC8 Y73B6BL.20 Q9GUF6 Y73B6BL.21 Q9GUF5 Y73B6BL.22 Q9GUF4 Y73B6BL.23 Q95XC9 Y73B6BL.24 Q9GUF2 Y73B6BL.25 Q9GUF1 Y73B6BL.26 Q9GUF0 Y73B6BL.27 Q9GUE9 Y73B6BL.28 Q95XC5 Y73B6BL.29 Q95XD5 Y73B6BL.3 Q95XD0 Y73B6BL.30 Q95XD3 Y73B6BL.31a Q95XC7 Y73B6BL.31b Q5W7A3 Y73B6BL.32 Q95XD4 Y73B6BL.33 Q8MXR2 Y73B6BL.34 Q8MXR1 Y73B6BL.35 Q8MXR0 Y73B6BL.36 Q8MXQ9 Y73B6BL.37 Q8MXQ8 Y73B6BL.38 Q8IU00 Y73B6BL.39 Q86DM4 Y73B6BL.4 Q8MXR3 Y73B6BL.40 Q86DM3 Y73B6BL.41 Q86DM2 Y73B6BL.42 Q65XS8 Y73B6BL.43 Q65XS9 Y73B6BL.5a Q8MXR5 Y73B6BL.5b Q8MXR4 Y73B6BL.5c Q8IU02 Y73B6BL.5d Q8IU01 Y73B6BL.6 Q8MXR6 Y73B6BL.7 Q9Y055 The csp-2 gene encodes a caspase homolog that may be involved in apoptosis. Y73B6BR.1a Q9N2X8 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y73B6BR.1b Q86DD5 Prion-like-(Q/N-rich)-domain-bearing protein Y73C8A.1 Q9TXW0 Y73C8B.1 Q9N4E0 Y73C8B.2 Q9N4E1 Y73C8B.3 Q9N4E2 Y73C8B.4 P45442 p; lag-2 expression in the vulval cells is regulated by the LET-23/EGF receptor signaling pathway and the SUR-2 component of the Mediator transcription complex. Y73C8C.10 Q9TXX0 Y73C8C.11 Q965G3 Y73C8C.2 Q9TXW7 Y73C8C.3 Q9TXW6 Y73C8C.4 Q9TXW1 Y73C8C.5 Q9TXW2 Y73C8C.6 Q9TXW3 Y73C8C.7 Q9TXW4 Y73C8C.8 Q9TXW5 Y73C8C.9 Q9TXW8 Y73E7A.1 Q9GUM1 Y73E7A.2 Q9GUM5 Y73E7A.3 Q9GUM8 Y73E7A.4 Q9GUM7 Y73E7A.5 Q9GUM6 Y73E7A.6 Q9GUM4 Y73E7A.7 Q9GUM2 thurigensis. Y73E7A.8 Q95XL6 Y73F4A.1 Q9XWC2 Y73F4A.2 Q9XWC3 Y73F4A.3 Q9XWC1 Y73F8A.1 Q9U1S7 ceh-26, pkd-2, and nlp-8 expression are decreased in an egl-44 mutant background. Y73F8A.10 Q9NA60 Y73F8A.11 Q9NA59 Y73F8A.12 Q9NA37 Y73F8A.13 Q9NA58 Y73F8A.14 Q9NA36 Y73F8A.15 Q9NA57 Y73F8A.16 Q9NA56 Y73F8A.17 Q9NA55 Y73F8A.18 Q9NA54 Y73F8A.19 Q9NA53 Y73F8A.2 Q9NA62 Y73F8A.20 Q9NA52 Y73F8A.21 Q9NA51 Y73F8A.22 Q9NA50 Y73F8A.23 Q9NA49 Y73F8A.24 Q9NA35 Y73F8A.25a Q9NA34 Y73F8A.25b Q8I0Y8 Y73F8A.26 Q9NA33 Y73F8A.27 Q9NA32 Y73F8A.3 Q9NA41 Y73F8A.30 Q9NA46 Y73F8A.31 Q9NA45 Y73F8A.32 Q9NA42 Y73F8A.33 Q9NA44 Y73F8A.34 Q9NA31 Y73F8A.35 Q9NA43 Y73F8A.5 Q9NA40 Y73F8A.6 Q9NA39 Y73F8A.8 Q9NA61 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y73F8A.9 Q9NA38 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y74C10AL.2 Q9N2X7 Y74C10AR.1 Q965S8 Y74C10AR.2 Q965S9 Y74C9A.1 Q9N4D5 Y74C9A.2 Q9N4D8 Y74C9A.3 Q9N4D9 Y74C9A.4a Q9N4D7 Y74C9A.4b Q95Y41 Y74E4A.1a Q8TA50 Y74E4A.1b Q8TA51 Y75B12A.2 Q9XTE8 Y75B12B.1 Q9XWB8 Y75B12B.10 Q86DA9 Y75B12B.11 Q7YWP9 Y75B12B.2 P52015 CYP-7 has a central 7-8 residue insert not usually found in cyclophilins, except from plants. Y75B12B.3 Q9XWC0 Y75B12B.4 Q9XWB9 Y75B12B.5 P52011 CYP-3 has a central 7-8 residue insert not usually found in cyclophilins, except from plants. Y75B12B.6 Q9XWB7 Y75B12B.7 Q9XWB6 Y75B12B.8 O62097 Y75B7AL.3 Q965S5 Y75B7AR.1 Q9N2X6 Y75B7B.1 Q9N4D3 Y75B7B.2 Q9N4D2 Y75B8A.1 Q9XW88 Y75B8A.10 Q9XW86 Y75B8A.11 Q9XW71 Y75B8A.12 Q9XW70 Y75B8A.13 Q9XW69 Y75B8A.14 Q9XW68 Y75B8A.16 Q9U1S3 Y75B8A.17 Q9XW85 Y75B8A.18 Q9XW84 Y75B8A.19 Q9XW67 Y75B8A.20 Q9XW83 Y75B8A.21 Q9XW66 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y75B8A.22 Q9XW65 Y75B8A.23 Q9XW64 Y75B8A.24 Q9XW63 Y75B8A.25 Q9XW62 Y75B8A.26 Q9XW61 mrp-8 encodes a predicted ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that is a member of the ABCC subfamily of ABC transporters that includes the multidrug resistance-associated proteins and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; by homology, MRP-8 is predicted to function as an ATP-dependent organic anion transporter that transports molecules across the plasma membrane into the extracellular space; at present, the precise role of MRP-8 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. Y75B8A.27 Q9XW82 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y75B8A.28 Q9XW81 Y75B8A.29 Q9XW80 Y75B8A.2a Q9XW76 The nob-1 gene encodes one of three C. elegans posterior group homeodomain transcription factors orthologous to Drosophila Abd-B and the vertebrate Hox9-13 proteins; NOB-1, along with an additional posterior Hox ortholog, PHP-3, is required during embryogenesis for proper fate specification and morphogenesis of cells in the posterior region. Y75B8A.2b Q9U9C5 kNOB-like posterior (NO Backside) Y75B8A.3 Q9XW75 Y75B8A.30 Q9XW79 Y75B8A.31 Q9XW78 Y75B8A.32 Q9XW77 Y75B8A.33 Q9XW60 Y75B8A.34 Q9XW59 Y75B8A.35a Q9U1S5 zip-1 encodes a protein with weak similarity to basic-leucine zipper-type transcription factors; ZIP-1 was identified in a screen for proteins able to bind a pharyngeal muscle-specific enhancer in the promoter of myo-2, which encodes a pharyngeal muscle-specific myosin; as loss of ZIP-1 activity via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, ZIP-1 may function redundantly in pharyngeal muscle specification; ZIP-1 is expressed strongly in the pharynx, but is also detected in hypodermal seam cells, vulval muscles, and posterior cells near the rectum. Y75B8A.35b Q9XTL0 bZIP transcription factor family Y75B8A.37 Q7YTH8 Y75B8A.39 Q67X95 Y75B8A.4 Q9XW87 Y75B8A.5 Q9XW74 Y75B8A.6 Q9U1S4 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y75B8A.7 Q9XW58 Y75B8A.8 Q9XW73 Y75B8A.9a Q7K755 Y75B8A.9b Q7K755 Y75D11A.1 O76706 Y75D11A.2 Q9N4D1 Y75D11A.3 Q9N4D0 Y75D11A.4 Q9N4C9 Y75D11A.5 Q9N4C8 Y76A2A.1 Q9XWB4 Y76A2A.2 O17737 Mutation of human MNK or WND leads, respectively, to Menkes syndrome (OMIM:309400) or Wilson disease (OMIM:277900). Y76A2B.1 Q9XTG9 The POD-1 protein has homologs in Drosophila melanogaster (CG4532) and human beings (70 kDa WD-repeat tumor rejection antigen homolog/FLJ22021). Y76A2B.2 Q9XWD2 Y76A2B.3 Q9XWD1 Y76A2B.4 Q9XWD0 Y76A2B.5 Q9XWC9 Y76A2B.6 Q9XWC8 Y76A2B.6(RNAi) animals show a germline cell corpse engulfment defect, and have inappropriate migration of the anterior arm of the gonad. Y76B12C.1 Q9N4C1 Y76B12C.2 Q9N4C3 Y76B12C.2 is orthologous to the human gene XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM, COMPLEMENTATION GROUP C (XPC; OMIM:278720), which when mutated leads to disease. Y76B12C.3 Q9N4C6 Y76B12C.4 Q9N4C7 Y76B12C.5 Q9N4C5 Y76B12C.6a Q9N4C4 Y76B12C.6b Q7YZX1 Y76B12C.7 Q9N4C2 Y76B12C.8 Q95Y40 Y76B12C.9 Q95Y39 Y76G2A.1 O01475 Y76G2A.2 O01476 Y77E11A.1 Q9N4A5 Y77E11A.10 Q9N4B2 clp-6 encodes a calpain homolog that has significant identity to mammalian calpains over its whole length and that contains motifs typical of calpains, including a thiol (cysteine) protease active site and a Ca[2+]-binding domain; CLP-6 is not required for degenerative (necrotic-like) cell death in neurons induced by mutations such as mec-4(d), deg-3(d), or gsa-1(gf), since clp-6(RNAi) has no effect on such degeneration. Y77E11A.11 Q9N4B1 clp-7 encodes a member of the calpain family of cysteine proteases. Y77E11A.12a Q9N4A8 Y77E11A.12b Q60F73 Y77E11A.13a Q9N4A7 Y77E11A.13b Q9N4A6 Nuclear Pore complex Protein Y77E11A.14 Q95Y38 Y77E11A.15 Q8MXT6 Y77E11A.2 Q9N4A9 Y77E11A.3 Q9N4B0 Y77E11A.4 Q9N4B5 The human JTB gene resides in a region of chromosome 1q21 known as the epidermal differentiation complex, that contains several genes involved in terminal differentiation of the epidermis. Y77E11A.6 Q9N4B7 Y77E11A.7a Q9N4B6 Y77E11A.7b Q8MXT7 Y77E11A.7c Q688Z9 Y77E11A.8 Q9N4B4 Y77E11A.9 Q9N4B3 Y79H2A.11 Q95QC4 zyg-8 is therefore a possible model for the biological function of human doublecortin during brain development. Y79H2A.12 Q5TEB3 Y79H2A.1a Q9U1S2 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y79H2A.1b Q67X91 Bypass of Response to Pheromone in yeast Y79H2A.2 Q9U1R9 Y79H2A.3a Q9U1R8 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. Y79H2A.3b Q7K705 Y79H2A.4 Q9U1S1 Y79H2A.6 Q9U1R7 Y7A5A.1 Q9XVZ2 Y7A5A.2 Q9XVZ1 Y7A5A.3 Q9XVZ0 Y7A5A.4 Q9U1R6 Y7A5A.5 Q9XVY9 Y7A5A.6 Q9XVY8 Y7A5A.7 Q9XVY7 Y7A5A.8 Q9XVY6 Y7A5A.9 Q9XVY5 Y7A9A.1 O18256 Y7A9A.2 O18255 Y7A9C.1 O18257 Y7A9C.7 Q5WRK8 Y7A9C.8 Q5WRK7 Y7A9C.9 Q5WRK6 Y7A9D.1 O18259 Y80D3A.1 Q9U1R2 Y80D3A.10 Q95ZI9 Y80D3A.11 Q7YWQ2 Y80D3A.2 Q9U1Q7 Y80D3A.3 Q9U1R1 Y80D3A.4 Q9U1R0 Y80D3A.5 Q9U1R5 Y80D3A.7 Q9U1R3 Y80D3A.8 Q9U1Q9 Y80D3A.9 Q9U1Q8 Y81B9A.1 Q9N4P6 Y81B9A.2 Q9N4P7 Y81B9A.3 Q9N4P8 Y81G3A.1 Q9XVY3 Y81G3A.3 Q9XVY4 Y81G3A.4 Q9XVY2 Y81G3A.5 Q9XVY1 Y82E9BL.1 Q95XB1 Y82E9BL.10 Q9GR36 Y82E9BL.11 Q9GR37 Y82E9BL.12 Q95XC1 Y82E9BL.13 Q9GR41 Y82E9BL.14 Q95XB9 Y82E9BL.15 Q95XB8 Y82E9BL.16 Q95XC0 Y82E9BL.17 Q95XB5 Y82E9BL.2 Q9GR29 Y82E9BL.3 Q9GR30 Y82E9BL.4 Q95XB2 Y82E9BL.5 Q95XB3 Y82E9BL.6 Q95XB4 Y82E9BL.7 Q95XB6 Y82E9BL.8 Q95XB7 Y82E9BR.15 Q9BKS1 In one study, elc-1(RNAi) gave both germ cell arrest phenotype and embryonic phenotypes of uncondensed DNA and multiple nuclei similar to cul-2 mutants; in another study, it blocked ZF1-dependent degradation in somatic blastomeres. Y87G2A.1 Q9U1Q6 Y87G2A.10 Q9NA26 Y87G2A.11 Q9U1Q0 Y87G2A.12 Q9NA27 Y87G2A.13 Q9U1P9 Y87G2A.14 Q9NA25 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. Y87G2A.15 Q7YXB4 Y87G2A.16 Q7YXB5 Y87G2A.17 Q7YWN4 Y87G2A.18 Q7YXD6 Y87G2A.2 Q9U1Q5 Y87G2A.3 Q9NA30 Y87G2A.4 Q9NA29 Y87G2A.5 Q9U1Q4 vrs-2 encodes a predicted cytoplasmic valyl-tRNA synthetase (ValRS), a class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that catalyzes the attachment of valine to its cognate tRNA and is thus required for protein biosynthesis; in C. elegans, VRS-2 activity is required for embryonic and germline development. Y87G2A.6 Q9U1Q3 cyp-15 encodes a little-characterized cyclophilin homolog. Y87G2A.7 Q9NA28 Y87G2A.8a Q9U1Q2 Y87G2A.8 is orthologous to the human gene GLUCOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE (GPI; OMIM:172400), which when mutated leads to disease. Y87G2A.8b Q7K707 Y87G2A.9 Q9U1Q1 Y8A9A.2 Q9TYK4 Y8A9A.3 Q9TYK6 Y8A9A.4 Q9TYK7 Y8A9A.5 Q9TYK5 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). Y8A9A.6 Q9TYK2 Like the mitogenic stimulators IGF-I and IGF-II, INS-32 does not contain the internal C peptide that is proteolytically cleaved from insulin, a metabolic regulator. Y8G1A.1 O44886 Y8G1A.2 O44887 INX-13 may be a functional pair with INX-12, with which it comprises a tandem duplication and shares a larval lethal RNAi phenotype. Y92C3B.1 Q9N2X3 Y92C3B.2a P90978 uaf-1 encodes the large subunit of U2AF, the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoparticle (snRNP) auxiliary factor and is a homolog of mammalian and fly U2AF65; UAF-1 has been shown to bind RNA and this binding is enhanced by UAF-2; the abundance of one alternative transcript appears to be increased during starvation and this transcript is retained in the nucleus; uaf-1 affects embryonic viability, based on RNAi analysis. Y92C3B.2b P90978 U2AF splicing factor Y92C3B.2c P90978 U2AF splicing factor Y92C3B.2d Q8MXS2 U2AF splicing factor Y92C3B.3a Q9BL22 rab-18 encodes a small GTPase homologous to the Rab GTPases that function in endocytosis, membrane fusion, and vesicular trafficking events; the precise biological role and expression pattern of rab-18 are not yet known. Y92C3B.3b Q8MXS1 RAB family Y92H12A.1 Q9BKW3 Y92H12A.2 Q9BKW4 Y92H12A.3 Q9BKW5 Y92H12A.4 Q9BKW6 Y92H12A.5 Q9BKW8 Y92H12A.6 Q9BKW7 Y92H12BL.1 Q8MXQ7 Y92H12BL.2 Q9BKW1 Y92H12BL.4 Q9BKW0 Y92H12BL.5 Q95XC4 The substrates are predominantly nucleoside diphosphates linked to some other moiety 'X'. Y92H12BM.1 Q9GR27 Y92H12BR.2 Q9BPN9 Y92H12BR.3 Q9BPN8 Y92H12BR.4 Q9BPN7 Y92H12BR.6 Q9BPP1 Y92H12BR.7 Q9BPP2 Y92H12BR.8 Q9BPN6 Y94A7B.1 Q9XXB2 Y94A7B.3 Q9XXB1 Y94A7B.4 Q9XXB0 Y94A7B.5 Q9XXA9 Y94A7B.6 Q9XXB3 Y94A7B.7 Q9GRV0 Y94A7B.8 Q9GRU8 Y94A7B.9 Q9GRU9 Y94H6A.1 Q9N2W3 Y94H6A.10 Q75MI6 Y94H6A.2 Q9N2W4 Y94H6A.3 Q9N2X1 Y94H6A.4 Q9N2X2 Y94H6A.5a Q688Z3 Y94H6A.5b Q688Z4 Y94H6A.6 Q9N2W9 Y94H6A.7 Q9N2W8 Y94H6A.9a Q9N2W5 Y94H6A.9b Q86DD7 Y95B8A.10 Q9N2V9 Y95B8A.11 Q9N2V7 Y95B8A.12 Q9N2V4 Y95B8A.2 Q9N2V3 Y95B8A.4 Q9N2V5 Y95B8A.5 Q9N2V6 gpa-16 (also known as spn-1) encodes a member of the G protein alpha subunit family of heterotrimeric GTPases that affects spindle position and orientation in embryos; it is expressed in AVM, PDE, PLM, BDU, PVC, and RIP, and weakly expressed in the pharynx, body-wall muscle, and vulval muscle. Y95B8A.6a Q9N2V8 Y95B8A.6b Q86S62 Y95B8A.7 Q9N2W0 Y95B8A.8 Q9N2W1 Y95D11A.1 Q9U1P7 Y97E10AL.1 Q965S1 Y97E10AL.2 Q965S2 Y97E10AL.3 Q965S3 Y97E10AM.1 Q9N2V1 Y97E10AR.1 Q9N2U9 Y97E10AR.2a Q9N2V0 Y97E10AR.2b Q7KX02 Y97E10AR.3 Q9N2U8 Y97E10AR.4 Q9N2U7 Y97E10AR.5 Q965S0 Y97E10AR.6 Q965R9 Y97E10AR.7 Q9N2U6 Y97E10B.10 Q965R2 Y97E10B.7 Q965R5 Y97E10C.1 Q8MXT9 Y9C12A.1 Q9N4P4 Y9C2UA.1a Q9XXU0 Y9C2UA.1b Q8I0C5 Y9C2UA.2 Q9XXT9 Y9C9A.1 Q9N2S5 Y9C9A.10 Q9N2T5 Y9C9A.11 Q9N2T6 Y9C9A.12 Q9N2T1 Y9C9A.13 Q9N2S4 Y9C9A.15 Q9N2S2 Y9C9A.16 Q9N2S1 Y9C9A.17 Q9N2T7 Y9C9A.18 Q9N2T8 Y9C9A.2 Q9N2S6 Y9C9A.3 Q9N2S7 Y9C9A.4 Q9N2S8 Y9C9A.5 Q9N2S9 Y9C9A.6 Q9N2T0 Y9C9A.7 Q9N2T2 Y9C9A.8 Q9N2T3 Y9C9A.9 Q9N2T4 Y9D1A.1 Q9TYK9 Y9D1A.2 Q9TYK8 ZC101.1 O18260 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. ZC101.2a Q06561 UNC-52 is required for PAT-4/integrin-linked kinase localization to nascent integrin adhesion complexes in developing muscle. ZC101.2b Q06561 UNC-52 membrane proteoglycan ZC101.2c Q06561 UNC-52 membrane proteoglycan ZC101.2e Q06561 IG (immunoglobulin) superfamily (17 domains), Low-density lipoprotein receptor domain class A (3 domains), Laminin EGF-like (Domains III and V) (5 domains), Laminin B (Domain IV) (2 domains), Laminin G domain ZC101.2f Q6BEQ6 UNCoordinated ZC101.3 Q7YSJ3 ZC116.1 Q23241 ZC116.2 Q23240 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZC116.3 Q20911 ZC116.3 is orthologous to the human gene CUBILIN (CUBN; OMIM:602997), which when mutated leads to hereditary megaloblastic anaemia 1 (OMIM:261100). ZC123.1 O45021 ZC123.3 O45019 ZC123.4a O45022 ZC123.4b Q65CM1 ZC123.4c Q65CM2 ZC13.1a Q95Q42 ZC13.1b Q7JNM2 ZC13.2 Q95Q41 ZC13.3 Q95Q40 ZC13.4 Q95Q39 mab-7 encodes a protein with a hydrophobic type II transmembrane region at the N-terminus, an EGF-like motif, a ShKT motif and a long C-terminus; mab-7 is involved in morphogenesis of the mail tail, specifically affecting the structural cells, neuronal processes and the hypodermal sheath of the sensory rays, as such, it affects mating in males; a mab-7 promoter-gfp construct is expressed in hypodermis, body seam, ray structural cells, and several neurons in the head and tail region. ZC132.7 O17520 ZC15.1 O18265 ZC15.2 O18266 ZC15.3 O18267 ZC15.5 O18268 ZC15.6 O18269 ZC15.7 O18270 ZC15.8 O18271 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. ZC155.1 Q27864 nex-1 encodes an annexin, a member of a family of calcium-dependent phospholipid binding proteins; NEX-1 is required for efficient engulfment of apoptotic cell corpses in the pharynx, and may also function in other membrane fusion events, such as exocytosis; NEX-1 in vitro can bind phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, heparin, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate; NEX-1 is expressed in the pharynx, hypodermal cells, the vulva, the uterus, the spermathecal valve, and yolk granules of maturing oocytes. ZC155.2 Q23245 ZC155.3 Q23243 ZC155.4 Q23244 ZC155.5a Q8I7F6 ZC155.5b Q8I7F5 ZC155.7 Q9TY08 ZC168.1 Q21895 In mammals, Na/Ca exchangers are expressed in the plasma membrane of virtually all cell types, but in some cells may be localized to discrete regions of the plasma membrane to facilitate distinct physiological roles. ZC168.2 Q23247 ZC168.3 Q23249 ZC168.4 Q10653 Combined cyb-1(RNAi) and cyb-3(RNAi) cause embryonic arrest upon meeting of the pronuclei at the one-cell stage, following abnormal meiosis, pseudocleavage and/or pronuclear migrations; this phenotype is more severe than cyb-1(RNAi) or cyb-3(RNAi) alone, and suggests that CYB-1 and CYB-3 exert overlapping functions. ZC168.5 Q23248 ZC168.6 Q23246 ZC178.1 O17083 ZC178.2 O17084 ZC190.1 Q9BJW5 ZC190.10 O76707 ZC190.2 O76702 ZC190.4 O76699 ZC190.5 O76700 ZC190.6 O76701 ZC190.7 O76704 ZC190.8 O76705 ZC190.9 O76706 ZC196.1 O01631 ZC196.2 O01630 ZC196.3 O01629 ZC196.4 O01628 ZC196.5 O01627 ZC196.6 O01626 ZC196.7 O01623 glr-5 encodes a kainate (non-NMDA)-type ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit; GLR-5 activity is required for normal brood sizes, especially at high temperatures; GLR-5 is expressed in neurons. ZC196.8 O01624 ZC196.9 O01625 ZC204.15 P91549 ZC204.4a P91535 ZC204.5 P91536 ZC21.2 P34586 ZC21.3 P34587 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. ZC21.6a Q6LED9 ZC21.6b P34590 ZC21.8 P34592 ZC239.10 P91553 ZC239.12 P91555 ZC239.13 P91562 ZC239.14 P91561 ZC239.15 P91563 ZC239.16 P91564 ZC239.17 Q65ZG7 ZC239.19 Q95Q38 ZC239.2 P91560 ZC239.3 P91559 ZC239.4 P91558 ZC239.5 P91557 ZC239.6 P91556 ZC239.7 P91550 ZC239.8 P91551 ZC239.9 P91552 ZC247.1 Q94378 ZC247.2 Q94379 ZC247.3 P20154 lin-11 encodes a predicted LIM homeodomain transcription factor that affects vulval development, neuronal development and fate specification, utse cell differentiation, and fertility; it is expressed in some neurons, the vulva, pi cells and their progeny, and the spermatheca. ZC250.1 O01880 ZC250.2 O01878 ZC250.3 O01879 ZC262.2a P34594 ZC262.2b Q8I7F4 ZC262.3a P34595 ZC262.3b P34595 ZC262.4 P34596 ZC262.5 P34539 ZC262.8 Q95PY4 ZC266.1 Q23254 ZC266.2 Q23253 ZC302.1 Q23255 Despite their deficiency in repair, mre-11 mutant germ cells still show germ cell apoptosis in response to ionizing radiation, and thus appear to retain the meiotic G(2) DNA damage checkpoint. ZC302.2 Q23256 ZC302.3 Q23257 ZC308.1a O17087 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. ZC308.1b Q86S49 defective in Germ Line Development ZC308.1c Q86S51 defective in Germ Line Development ZC308.1d Q86S50 defective in Germ Line Development ZC308.4 O17085 ZC317.1 Q23080 ZC317.2 Q23075 ZC317.3 Q9U990 The glc-3 gene encodes a fipronil and BIDN-sensitive, but picrotoxinin-insensitive, L-glutamate-gated chloride channel subunit. ZC317.4 Q23076 ZC317.5 Q23077 ZC317.6 Q23078 ZC317.7 Q23079 ZC328.1 O02051 ZC328.2 O02050 ZC328.3 O02054 ZC328.4 O02053 ZC328.5 O02052 ZC334.1 Q9XUI9 ZC334.10 Q7JKM8 ins-29 encodes predicted type-alpha insulin-like molecule that lacks a C peptide domain and does not have an A6/A11 disulfide bond. ZC334.11 Q7JKM7 ZC334.2 Q9XUI8 ZC334.3 Q9U1P6 Like the mitogenic stimulators IGF-I and IGF-II, INS-24 does not contain the internal C peptide that is proteolytically cleaved from insulin, a metabolic regulator. ZC334.7 Q7YTG3 ZC334.8 Q7JKN0 ins-25 encodes predicted type-alpha insulin-like molecule that lacks a C peptide domain and does not have an A6/A11 disulfide bond. ZC334.9 Q7JKM9 ZC373.1 Q23264 The ZC373.1 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene CYSTATHIONINE-BETA-SYNTHASE (CBS), which when mutated leads to homocystinuria (OMIM:236200). ZC373.2 Q23258 ZC373.3 Q23259 ZC373.4 Q23260 ZC373.5 Q23261 ZC373.6 Q23262 ZC373.7 Q23263 ZC374.1 Q23265 ZC374.2 Q23266 ZC376.1 Q23268 ZC376.2 Q23273 ZC376.3 Q23267 ZC376.4 Q23269 ZC376.5 Q23270 ZC376.6 Q23271 ZC376.7a Q23272 ZC376.7b Q8I4B7 ZC376.8 O62502 ZC395.1 Q9GYF8 ZC395.10 Q23280 ZC395.11 Q9GYF9 ZC395.2 P48376 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZC395.3 Q23281 toc-1 encodes an integral membrane protein with similarity to divalent metal ion transporters; by homology, TOC-1 is predicted to function in regulation of intracellular metal ion (particularly zinc) homeostasis; toc-1 is the upstream gene in an operon with clk-1, a timing gene that is necessary for ubiquinone biosynthesis; RNAi experiments directed against toc-1 sequences result in egg-laying defects, abnormal body coloration, retarded postembryonic growth rates, and generally sick animals. ZC395.4 Q9GYG0 ZC395.5 Q9GYG2 ZC395.6 Q9GYG3 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZC395.7 Q9GYG4 ZC395.8 Q9GYG1 ZC404.12 Q95PY3 ZC404.3a Q23288 ZC404.3b Q95PY2 defective SPErmatogenesis ZC404.5 Q23284 ZC404.8 Q23287 spn-4 encodes a protein containing an RNP-type RNA-binding domain; SPN-4 is required for rotation, but not polarization, of the mitotic spindle in the P1 blastomere of the two-cell stage embryo; SPN-4 is also required for mesectoderm and mesendoderm formation in conjunction with proper localization of maternal cell-fate determinants such as SKN-1; in addition, SPN-4 binds the glp-1 3' UTR and is necessary for glp-1 mRNA translation in the anterior blastomeres of the early embryo; conversely, SPN-4 binds and suppresses translation of pal-1 and skn-1 mRNAs in anterior blastomeres; in vitro, SPN-4 interacts with POS-1, a CCCH-type zinc finger protein that negatively regulates glp-1 mRNA translation in posterior blastomeres; SPN-4 is a P granule component, but is also detected in oocytes, the AB and P1 blastomeres at the two-cell stage, and in all four blastomeres at the four-cell stage, with higher levels in EMS and P2. ZC410.1 Q23294 ZC410.2 Q23295 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZC410.3 Q23296 ZC410.4a Q23297 twk-8 encodes one of more than 40 TWK (two-P domain K+) potassium channels in C. elegans that contain two pore regions and four transmembrane domains; expressed in body-wall muscle. ZC410.4b Q7JM20 TWiK family of potassium channels ZC410.5a P91844 ZC410.5b Q7JM19 ZC410.7a O62503 While such an interaction failed to appear when tested with the LPL-1A form of LPL-1 protein, the (considerably longer) LPL-1B has not yet been tested for effects on ICL-1A or ICL-1B. ZC410.7b Q9BI33 LiPoate Ligase ZC410.7c Q7JM18 LiPoate Ligase ZC411.1 Q23301 ZC412.1 Q23305 ZC412.2 Q23310 gcy-14 encodes a predicted transmembrane guanylyl cyclase; the precise role of GCY-14 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; however, by sequence similarity GCY-14 can be predicted to function in chemosensory signal transduction. ZC412.3 Q23307 ZC412.4 Q23308 ZC412.5 Q23309 ZC412.6 Q23306 ZC412.7 Q23303 ZC412.8 Q23304 ZC412.9 Q23302 ZC416.1 Q95X76 ZC416.2 O44184 ZC416.4 O44182 ZC416.6 O44183 ZC416.8a P34711 cha-1 is part of a gene complex, in which it shares a common promoter and first (noncoding) exon with unc-17 (and is thus coexpressed with unc-17), but in which the two genes encode mutationally separable functions; cha-1 encodes a choline acetyltransferase that synthesizes acetylcholine, is expressed in neurons, and is required for viability, normal growth, locomotion, and sensitivity to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. ZC416.8b P32756 choline acetyltransferase ZC434.2 Q23312 rps-7 encodes a small ribosomal subunit S7 protein. ZC434.3 Q23313 ZC434.4 Q23314 ZC434.5 Q23315 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. ZC434.6 Q23316 aph-2 encodes an ortholog of nicastrin, which associates with presenilin and membrane-bound Notchl in aph-2 mutants, the specification of pi-cells is compromised. ZC434.7 Q23317 ZC434.8 Q27535 ZC434.9a Q23318 ZC434.9b Q7JLE3 ZC443.1 Q23320 ZC443.2 Q23322 ZC443.3 Q23321 ZC443.4 Q23319 ZC443.5 Q23323 ZC443.6 Q18636 ZC449.1 Q23328 ZC449.2 Q23327 ZC449.3a Q23326 ZC449.3b Q8MPS3 ZC449.4 Q23329 ZC449.5 Q23330 ZC449.6 Q95PY0 ZC455.1 Q23332 ZC455.10 Q23338 fkb-4 encodes a peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase homologous to mammalian FK506 immunosuppressant-binding protein 9; FKB-4 expression is positively regulated by signaling through the DAF-2 insulin receptor-like pathway and in part, through the activity of the DAF-16 fork-head transcription factor suggesting that FKB-4 could play a role in metabolism and longevity; as loss of FKB-4 function via RNA-mediated interference does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of FKB-4 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; FKB-4 contains a predicted endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention sequence and is thus proposed to localize to the ER. ZC455.11 Q23331 ZC455.3 Q23333 ZC455.4 Q23334 ZC455.5 Q23335 ZC455.6a Q23336 ZC455.6b Q8I4B6 ZC455.7 Q23337 ZC455.8 Q23340 ZC455.9 Q23339 ZC47.12 Q94390 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC47.13 Q94380 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC47.14 Q94391 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC47.3a Q94382 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC47.3b Q94383 ZC47.4 Q94381 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC47.5 Q94384 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC47.6 Q94385 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC47.7 P92151 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC47.9 Q94388 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC477.1 Q23347 ZC477.10 Q95ZI8 ZC477.2 Q23345 ZC477.3a Q5WRS8 ZC477.3b Q5WRS7 ZC477.4 Q23341 ZC477.5 Q23342 ZC477.7 Q23346 ZC477.9a P19826 The deb-1 gene encodes a vinculin ortholog highly conserved amongst metazoans including Drosophila, chick, and humans (OMIM:193065); DEB-1 is a muscle attachment protein found in dense bodies and M lines and is required for attaching actin and myosin filaments to the basal sarcolemma; DEB-1 requires PAT-4/integrin-linked kinase for full assembly into nascent attachments. ZC477.9b Q9BI31 DEnse Body ZC477.9c Q8MPS2 DEnse Body ZC482.1 O18276 gab-1 encodes a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor beta-like subunit with both the neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel ligand binding and transmembrane domains; gab-1 can form a GABA-responsive channel when co-expressed with alpha/gamma type subunits in a heterologous expression system; experiments with gab-1 indicate that GABA receptors are involved in the mechanism of resistance to the widely used broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug Ivermectin. ZC482.2 Q9NEK9 ZC482.3 O18274 ZC482.4 O18275 ZC482.5 O17555 ZC482.5 is orthologous to the human gene GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR GAMMA 2 (GABRG2; OMIM:137164), which when mutated leads to disease. ZC482.6 O18277 ZC482.7 O18278 ZC482.8 Q86D06 ZC487.1 Q23351 ZC487.2 Q23349 ZC487.3 Q23350 ZC487.4 Q23352 ZC487.5 Q23353 ZC504.1 Q23354 ZC504.2 Q23355 Subunits of nAChRs fall into two main categories: alpha subunits are defined by adjacent cysteines which contribute to the ACh binding site, while non-alpha subunits lack this motif. ZC504.3 Q23357 ZC504.4a Q9XYC3 Mutation of ina-1, which encodes an alpha integrin chain, enhances the commisural phenotype of mig-15 mutations. ZC504.4b Q8T8M3 abnormal cell MIGration ZC504.4c Q95ZI7 abnormal cell MIGration ZC504.4d Q8I4B5 abnormal cell MIGration ZC504.5 O18280 gur-3 encodes a predicted seven-transmembrane protein related to the gustatory class of receptors in Drosophila. ZC506.1 Q09641 ZC506.3 Q09643 ZC506.4 Q09630 mgl-1 encodes a Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (OMIM:604099, loss-of-function mutations in mice are associated with defects in long-term depression); by homology, MGL-1 is predicted to function as a pre-synaptic G protein-coupled receptor that, in response to glutamate binding, inhibits adenylyl cyclase activity; loss of mgl-1 activity via large-scale RNAi screens indicates that, in C. elegans, MGL-1 is required for normal post-embryonic growth rates; an mgl-1::GFP reporter is expressed in interneurons, motor neurons, and pharyngeal neurons. ZC513.1 Q23366 ZC513.10 O45983 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC513.11 O45981 ZC513.12 Q95YG4 ZC513.2 Q23365 ZC513.3 Q23363 ZC513.4 Q23360 ZC513.5 Q23361 ZC513.6 Q23359 The meiotic arrest of oma-1;oma-2 mutant oocytes is suppressed by wee-1.3(RNAi), implying that progression through meiotic prophase I is critically dependent on inhibition of WEE-1.3 by either OMA-1 or OMA-2. ZC513.8 Q23364 col-43 encodes a collagen that is individually dispensable for viability and gross morphology in mass RNAi screens. ZC513.9 O45982 ZC518.1a Q23369 ZC518.1b Q8I4B3 ZC518.2 Q23368 ZC518.3a Q9U1P5 ZC518.3b Q9U1P4 CCR (yeast CCR4/NOT complex component) homolog ZC518.3c Q8I4B4 CCR (yeast CCR4/NOT complex component) homolog ZC518.4 Q23367 ZC53.1 Q23377 ZC53.2 Q23374 ZC53.4 Q23371 ZC53.6 Q23375 ZC53.7 Q23376 ZC581.1 O01775 ZC581.2 O01773 ZC581.3 O01772 ZC581.6 O01771 ZC581.7 O01774 ZC581.9 O01776 ZC64.2 Q23378 ZC64.3a P41934 ceh-18 encodes a POU-class homeodomain transcription factor; CEH-18 is required in hermaphrodites for specific aspects of gonadal sheath cell differentiation, such as normal cell shape and position, that are essential for negative regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation by the sheath cells; in this process, CEH-18 functions in parallel with the VAB-1/Ephrin receptor as part of a sperm-sensing checkpoint mechanism that prevents oocyte maturation, MAPK activation, and ovulation in the absence of sperm; CEH-18 is expressed in the sheath cell nuclei beginning at the L4 larval stage. ZC64.3b Q8MPS1 C.Elegans Homeobox ZC64.3c Q86MI2 C.Elegans Homeobox ZC64.4 Q23380 Ectopic expression of LIM-4 in AWC cells induces them to adopt an AWB-like fate; conversely, natural expression of ODR-7 in AWA cells blocks activity of LIM-4, since ectopic LIM-4 in AWA cells can promote str-1 transcription only if odr-7 is mutated. ZC8.1 Q23086 The ZC8.1 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene 3BH1, which when mutated leads to giant cell hepatitis (OMIM:231100). ZC8.3 Q23084 ZC8.4a Q23081 ZC8.4b Q95ZK3 Lin-5 (Five) Interacting protein ZC8.4c Q86MI1 Lin-5 (Five) Interacting protein ZC8.4d Q7JNN3 Lin-5 (Five) Interacting protein ZC8.6 Q23083 ZC84.1 Q03610 ZC84.2 Q03611 tax-4 is orthologous to the human gene ROD PHOTORECEPTOR CGMP-GATED CHANNEL (CNGA1; OMIM:123825), which when mutated leads to disease. ZC84.3 Q03609 ZC84.4 Q03613 ZC84.6 O62504 ZC84.7 Q7YWM4 ZC97.1a P34599 ZC97.1b Q8I7F3 ZK1005.1a Q9TXQ1 pme-5 encodes a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) that is a member of a conserved family of enzymes that catalyze: 1) the synthesis of poly (ADP-ribose), and 2) the covalent attachment of this polymer to glutamic acid residues of acceptor proteins such as histones and topoisomerases in order to regulate cellular processes such as maintenance of chromtin structure, programmed cell death, and DNA replication and repair; as loss of PME-5 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of PME-5 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. ZK1005.1b Q9TXQ1 Poly(ADP-ribose) Metabolism Enzyme ZK1010.2 O18281 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK1010.3 O18282 ZK1010.4 O18283 ZK1010.5 O18284 ZK1010.6 O18285 ZK1010.7 O18286 ZK1010.8 O18287 ZK1010.9 O18288 ZK1025.10 Q9XXL7 ZK1025.2 Q9XTN8 ZK1025.3 Q9XXL6 ZK1025.4 Q9XXL9 ZK1025.5 Q9U1P2 ZK1025.6 Q9XXM1 ZK1025.7 Q9XXM0 ZK1025.8 Q9XTN8 ZK1025.9 Q9XXL8 ZK1037.1 O45984 ZK1037.10 O45992 ZK1037.11 Q9XTQ4 ZK1037.3 O45985 ZK1037.4 O45986 ZK1037.5 O45987 ZK1037.6 O45988 ZK1037.7 O45989 ZK1037.8 O45990 ZK1037.9 O45991 ZK105.2 Q965Z6 ZK1053.1 O02339 ZK1053.2 O45994 ZK1053.3 O62505 ZK1053.4 O45995 ZK1053.5 O18289 Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells occurs because of a phospholipid scramblase and inactivation of an aminophospolipid translocase that would normally keep the PS on the interior of the cell; by virtue of its similarity to mammalian scramblase, ZK1053.5 may promote clearage of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis. ZK1053.6 O02340 ZK1055.1 O76447 HCP-1, during mitosis, localizes specifically to the centromere in a process requiring both the centromeric histone HCP-3 and the centromere protein (CENP)-C-like protein HCP-4. ZK1055.2 O76446 ZK1055.3 O76445 ZK1055.4 O76444 ZK1055.5 O76443 ZK1055.6a O76448 ZK1055.6b Q95X28 ZK1055.6c Q8MXF9 ZK1055.7 O76449 ZK1058.1 Q23381 Isolated methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), caused by mutations in the methylmalonyl CoA mutase gene which is the human homologue of ZK1058.1, features recurrent ketoacidosis as well as other clinical features and can be lethal in the newborn period in humans. ZK1058.2 Q27874 ZK1058.3 Q27536 ZK1058.3 is orthologous to the human gene UNNAMED PROTEIN PRODUCT (GALT; OMIM:606999), which when mutated leads to disease. ZK1058.4 Q23382 ZK1058.5 Q23383 ZK1058.6 Q23384 ZK1058.9 Q23385 ZK1067.1 P24348 The let-23 gene encodes a member of the EGF-receptor family of transmembrane tyrosine kinases that affects viability, inductive signaling during development of the vulva, male spicule formation, posterior development of the epidermis, and ovulation; it is genetically upstream of the let-60/RAS pathway with respect to viability and vulval development, is upstream of the IP3 pathway with respect to fertility, and is expressed in vulval precursor cells. ZK1067.2 Q23388 ZK1067.3 Q23389 ZK1067.4 Q23387 ZK1067.4 is orthologous to the human gene PROTEOLIPID PROTEIN 1 (PLP1; OMIM:300401), encoding the primary constituent of myelin, which when mutated leads to Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (OMIM:312080). ZK1067.5 Q23386 ZK1067.6 Q22708 ZK1067.7 Q23390 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. ZK1067.8 Q8MPS0 ZK1073.1 O02485 ZK1073.2 Q23393 ZK1086.1a Q23395 ZK1086.1 encodes two isoforms of a protein with an N-terminal pleckstrin domain and a C-terminal oxysterol-binding domain; ZK1086.1 has orthologs in Drosophila (CG5077) and humans (OSBPL8; OMIM:606736); ZK1086.1 binds the BMP receptor associated molecule (BRAM) proteins BRA-1 and BRA-2; ZK1086.1 is expressed in pharyngeal muscle, hypodermis, and several neurons; ZK1086.1 is required for normally large body size, and the small body phenotype of ZK1086.1(RNAi) animals is consistent with ZK1086.1 participating in TGF-beta signalling. ZK1086.1b Q8MPR9 Yeast hypothetical protein YHG1 like ZK1086.2 Q23396 ZK1086.3 Q23394 ZK1098.1 P34600 ZK1098.1 is transcribed divergently from clu-1, and thus might be coexpressed with it. ZK1098.10a P34609 Loss-of-function mutations in unc-16 result in the mislocalization of synaptic vesicle and glutamate receptor markers. ZK1098.10b P34609 UNCoordinated ZK1098.11 Q7YSP8 ZK1098.2 P34601 ZK1098.3 P34603 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK1098.4 P34604 ZK1098.5 P34605 ZK1098.5 is also transcribed divergently from clu-1, and thus might be coexpressed with it. ZK1098.6 P34606 ZK1098.6 is also transcribed divergently from clu-1, and thus might be coexpressed with it. ZK1098.7 P34748 ZK1098.8 P34607 mut-7 encodes a homolog of RnaseD that represses transposition of Tc1, Tc3, Tc4, and Tc5, perhaps by degrading transposon-specific messages; also affects sperm development, sensitivity to RNAi of mainly germline expressed genes, silencing of some germline transgenes, X chromosome loss, and is required for cosuppression (functional silencing of chromosomal loci induced by transgenes) and for silencing induced by antisense RNA oligomers. ZK1098.9 P34608 ZK112.1 P34610 ZK112.2 P34611 ncl-1 encodes a B-box zinc finger protein that may be a repressor of RNA polymerase I and III transcription and an inhibitor of cell growth, based on mutant analysis; appears to function in a cell autonomous fashion. ZK112.3 P34612 ZK112.4 P34613 ZK112.5 P34614 ZK112.6 P34615 ZK112.7 P34616 cdh-3 encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily that affects morphogenesis of tail epithelia and excretory function; expressed predominantly in developing epithelial cells, and also expressed in the AC, excretory cell, various neurons, and vulval cells during different stages of development. ZK1127.1 Q23406 ZK1127.10 P55216 ZK1127.10 is orthologous to the human gene UNKNOWN (PROTEIN FOR MGC:9471) (CTH; OMIM:219500), which when mutated leads to disease. ZK1127.11 Q23405 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK1127.12 Q23401 ZK1127.2 Q23404 ZK1127.3 Q23403 ZK1127.4 Q23402 ZK1127.5 Q23400 ZK1127.6 Q23398 ZK1127.7 Q27537 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK1127.9a Q95PX7 ZK1127.9b Q95PX8 ZK1127.9c Q95PX9 ZK1127.9d Q86MN9 ZK1127.9e Q86MP0 ZK1128.1 Q09644 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK1128.2a Q09357 ZK1128.2b Q09357 ZK1128.3 Q09358 ZK1128.4 Q09645 ZK1128.5 Q09646 ZK1128.5(RNAi) larvae have a weak but detectable absence of phasmid sockets (3%). ZK1128.6a Q09647 ZK1128.7 Q09648 ZK1128.8a Q9XVX5 ZK1128.8b Q86D99 ZK1151.1a O18290 FOs in C. elegans are likely to be homologous, functionally and structurally, to hemidesmosomes in vertebrates. ZK1151.1b Q7K7B6 Variable ABnormal morphology ZK1151.1c Q867D9 Variable ABnormal morphology ZK1151.1d Q6BEQ5 Variable ABnormal morphology ZK1151.1e Q6BEQ4 Variable ABnormal morphology ZK1151.1f Q6BEQ3 Variable ABnormal morphology ZK1151.1g Q6EUT7 Variable ABnormal morphology ZK1193.1a P18835 col-19 encodes a member of the collagen superfamily containing collagen triple helix repeats (20 copies) that is required for normal structure of the alae; expressed during the L2-to-dauer and L4-to-adult molts with strongest expression in adult animals. ZK1193.1b Q7JP30 COLlagen ZK1193.2 Q23409 ZK1193.3 Q23410 ZK1193.4 Q23412 ZK1193.5a Q86MI0 ZK1193.5 encodes, by alternative splicing, three proteins with a COMPASS (CMP) domain and two homeodomains; the CMP domain is found in the N-terminus of SATB-class CUT homeodomain proteins (e.g. human SATB1), and in Drosophila DEFECTIVE PROVENTRICULUS (DVE), to which ZK1193.5 may be orthologous; both DVE and ZK1193.5 encode two homeodomains which are highly divergent, but homologous between species, and probably derived by intragenic duplication; ZK1193.5 is required for a normally high rate of growth, fluid excretion, and larval viability in in mass RNAi assays. ZK1193.5b Q86MH9 ZK1193.5c Q86MH8 ZK121.1 Q9N4P2 ZK121.2 Q9N4P3 ZK1225.1 Q9XXL4 ZK1225.2 Q9XXL2 ZK1225.4 Q9XXL5 ZK1225.5 Q9XXL1 ZK1225.6 Q9XXL3 ZK1236.1 P34617 ZK1236.2 P34618 The chromodomain of Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), a principal component of constitutive heterochromatin, binds a histone H3 tail methylated at Lys9; such physical interactions may mediate epigenetic regulation in eukaryotes generally. ZK1236.3 P34619 ZK1236.4 P34620 ZK1236.5a Q629J9 ZK1236.5b Q629J8 ZK1236.6 P34622 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. ZK1236.7 P34623 ZK1240.1 O16684 ZK1240.2 O16682 ZK1240.3 O16680 ZK1240.4 O16678 ZK1240.5 O16679 ZK1240.6 O16681 ZK1240.8 O16683 ZK1240.9 Q95X87 ZK1248.1 Q23427 ZK1248.1 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; ZK1248.1 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. ZK1248.10 Q23419 ZK1248.11 Q23420 ZK1248.13 Q23421 ZK1248.14 Q23424 ZK1248.15 Q23425 ZK1248.16 Q23426 ZK1248.17 Q23428 ZK1248.19 Q7JPD8 ZK1248.2 Q23422 ZK1248.3a Q23418 Mutations of ehs-1 enhance the phenotype of dyn-1 mutations, and EHS-1 protein binds DYN-1 protein in vitro; it is thus likely that EHS-1 and DYN-1 act together in vivo. ZK1248.3b Q8IFX4 Eps15 (endocytosis protein) Homologous Sequence ZK1248.4 Q95PJ7 ZK1248.5 Q23414 ZK1248.6 P53017 ZK1248.7 Q23415 ZK1248.8 Q23416 ZK1248.9 Q23417 ZK1251.1 Q23429 ZK1251.11 Q7YTH4 ZK1251.2 Q23430 INS-5 does contain an F peptide N-terminal to the B domain. ZK1251.3 Q23431 ZK1251.6 P05634 ZK1251.7 Q23434 ZK1251.8 Q23435 ZK1251.9 Q21106 ZK1290.2a Q23438 tph-1 homozygous animals lack velocity burst prior to egg laying, as well as the peak in the directional change probability following the egg laying. ZK1290.2b Q8I7F1 TryPtophan Hydroxylase ZK1290.3a P18831 rol-8 encodes a collagen that is enriched in dauer larvae; mutations cause adults to become left-handed rollers. ZK1290.3b P18831 ROLler: helically twisted, animals roll when moving ZK1290.4a Q09631 ZK1290.4b Q5H9N2 NFI (Nuclear Factor I) family ZK1290.4c Q5H9N3 NFI (Nuclear Factor I) family ZK1290.8 Q09635 ZK1307.1a Q09359 ZK1307.1b Q7JMM1 ZK1307.2 Q09360 ZK1307.3 Q09361 ZK1307.4 Q09362 ZK1307.5 Q09363 Homozygous sqv-8 L4 animals from heterozygous mothers show dramatic reductions in chondroitin-modified proteoglycans. ZK1307.6 Q09649 fzr-1 mutants are viable with no obvious defects; however, like mutations in lin-35/Rb, mutations in fzr-1 result in low levels of embryonic lethality and sterility and in reduced brood sizes; frz-1 hermaphrodites produce males at high frequency. ZK1307.7 Q09650 ZK1307.8 Q23440 ZK1307.9 Q09651 ZK131.1 P62784 his-26 encodes an H4 histone. ZK131.11a O62022 ZK131.11b Q8I0M4 ZK131.2 P08898 his-25 encodes an H3 histone. ZK131.3 P08898 his-9 encodes an H3 histone; by homology, HIS-9 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-9 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in the HIS3 cluster on chromosome II. ZK131.4 P62784 his-10 encodes an H4 histone. ZK131.5 P04255 his-11 encodes an H2B histone; by homology, HIS-11 is predicted to function as a nucleosome component required for packaging of DNA into chromatin; his-11 is a replication-dependent histone locus that resides in the HIS3 cluster on chromosome II. ZK131.6 P09588 his-12 encodes an H2A histone; his-12 is contained within the histone gene cluster HIS3. ZK131.7 P08898 his-13 encodes an H3 histone; his-13 is contained within the histone gene cluster HIS3. ZK131.8 P62784 his-14 encodes an H4 histone. ZK131.9 P04255 his-15 encodes an H2B histone. ZK1320.1 Q09652 ZK1320.10 Q09367 ZK1320.11 Q8WQ98 ZK1320.12a Q8WQ97 ZK1320.12b Q7YTH5 TAF (TBP-associated transcription factor) family ZK1320.2 Q09364 ZK1320.3 Q09365 ZK1320.4 Q09653 ZK1320.5 Q09366 ZK1320.6 Q09654 arc-1 encodes a member of the ARL (ADP-ribosylation factor(ARF)-like) family of proteins which are very similar to ARF proteins but lack the ability to stimulate ADP ribosylation by cholera toxin; arc-1 has a human homolog, MID1, which when mutated leads to Opitz syndrome (OMIM:300000). ZK1320.7 Q09655 ZK1320.9 Q09657 ZK1321.1 Q09368 ZK1321.2a Q09658 ZK1321.2 encodes at least four isoforms of a SHAKER/Kv1 ortholog, which encodes voltage-dependent potassium channels expressed in muscle. ZK1321.2b Q8I4B1 ZK1321.2c Q8I4B0 ZK1321.2d Q8I4A9 ZK1321.2e Q6BEV2 ZK1321.3 Q09369 ZK1321.4 Q9XTP9 ZK154.1 Q94312 ZK154.3 P12456 mec-7 encodes a beta-tubulin required for touch sensitivity along the body wall, and for normal levels of locomotor activity; it is strongly expressed in six touch receptor neurons, with weak expression in FLP, PVD, and BDU cells. ZK154.4 Q94313 ZK154.5 Q94314 ZK154.6a Q94315 ZK154.6b Q7JNL6 ZK154.7 Q94316 adm-4 encodes a member of the ADAM (disintegrin plus metalloprotease) family; ADM-4 is highly expressed in most post-embryonic tissues. ZK177.1 Q09370 ZK177.10 Q09376 ZK177.2 Q09371 ZK177.3 Q09659 ZK177.4a Q09372 ZK177.5 Q09660 ccp-44 encodes a cytochrome P450 that is most closely related to the mammalian CYP24A1 enzymes (OMIM:126065, also known as vitamin D 24-hydroxylase, overexpression is associated with albuminuria and hyperlipidemia); by homology, CCP-44 is predicted to function as a monooxygenase that, during electron transport, catalyzes the oxidative degradation of various metabolites and the synthesis of cholesterol, steroids, and lipids; however, as loss of ccp-44 function via RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of CCP-44 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known. ZK177.6 Q09373 ZK177.8a Q09374 ZK177.8b Q09374 ZK177.9 Q09375 ZK180.1 Q23442 ZK180.2 Q23443 ZK180.3a Q23444 ZK180.3b Q86DD6 ZK180.4 Q23445 ZK180.5a Q23446 ZK180.5b Q8MPR7 ZK180.5c Q8MPR8 ZK180.6 Q23447 ZK185.1 O44197 ZK185.2 O44196 ZK185.3 O44195 ZK20.1 Q23448 ZK20.2 Q8I4A8 kin-6 encodes a predicted tyrosine protein kinase. ZK20.3 Q23451 ZK20.4 Q23450 ZK20.5 Q23449 rpn-12 is predicted to encode a non-ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory complex of the proteasome that interacts with NHR-6 in yeast two-hybrid assays. ZK20.6 Q18673 ZK20.6 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; ZK20.6 is closely paralogous to F18A12.8, and orthologous to CG9761 in Drosophila melanogaster; more generally, ZK20.6 falls into a group of proteins that includes the classical neprilysins found in mammals (e.g., PEX [OMIM:307800] and the enkephalin cleaving enzymes). ZK218.1 O45998 ZK218.11 O46004 ZK218.3 O45996 ZK218.4 O45999 ZK218.5 O46000 ZK218.6 O46003 ZK218.7 O46001 ZK218.8 O46002 ZK228.1 O46007 ZK228.3 O46009 ZK228.4 O46010 ZK228.5 O46006 ZK228.6 O46011 ZK228.7 O46012 ZK228.8 O45961 ZK250.1 O17305 ZK250.10 Q9U009 ZK250.2 O17302 ZK250.3 O17300 ZK250.5 O17299 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZK250.6 O17301 ZK250.7 O17303 ZK250.8 O17304 The ZK250.8 gene encodes a protein closely similar to C46F9.3, which has a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain and may be involved in apoptosis. ZK250.9 O17306 ZK256.1a Q9XTG4 PMR-1, when overexpressed in COS-1 cells, transports both Ca^2+ and Mn^2+ into the Golgi, with high affinity and in a thapsigargin-insensitive manner. ZK256.1b Q6LA78 PMR-type Golgi ATPase ZK256.1c Q6LA80 E1-E2 ATPase ZK262.1 Q9XTR9 ZK262.10 Q9XTR3 ZK262.11 Q9XTR2 ZK262.2 Q9XTR7 ZK262.3 Q9XTR8 ZK262.4 Q9U1P0 ZK262.6 Q9XTR6 ZK262.7 Q9XTR5 ZK262.8 Q9U1N8 ZK262.9 Q9XTR4 ZK265.1a Q94400 ZK265.2 Q94399 ZK265.3 Q94401 ZK265.4 Q94398 Q50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-8, ceh-10, ceh-42, unc-4, unc-42, C18B12.3, R08B4.2, and T13C5.4; K50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-36, ceh-37, unc-30, and C09G12.1; C. elegans' one S50 gene is vab-3; and outliers (neither Q50 nor K50 or S50) include pax-3 and Y53C12C.1. ZK265.5 Q94403 ZK265.6 Q94402 ZK265.7 Q94404 ZK265.8 Q93967 ZK270.1 O02246 ZK270.2a O18673 ZK270.2b Q9XV97 Band 4.1 protein like ZK270.2d Q9TVI9 FERM domain (protein4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin) family ZK270.2e Q7YSV5 FERM domain (protein4.1-ezrin-radixin-moesin) family ZK285.1 O62506 ZK285.2 Q7YWM2 ZK287.1 Q23460 ZK287.2 Q23454 ZK287.3 Q23455 ZK287.4 Q23456 ZK287.5 Q23457 RBX-1 (along with mammalian RBX1/ROC1) is also homologous to APC11, a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex in S. cerevisiae. ZK287.6 Q23458 ZK287.7 Q23459 ZK287.8a P34704 The SDC-2-binding regions in the her-1 promoter thus identify diverse elements that may share common mechanisms with dosage compensation targets along the X chromosome. ZK287.8b Q65ZB2 HERmaphrodization of XO animals ZK287.9 Q7YWN0 ZK328.1a Q8WT43 cyk-3 encodes a functional ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase required for embryonic viability and for cellular osmotic regulation; osmotic regulation defects in mutants contribute at least partially to cytokinesis defects in mutant embryos. ZK328.1b Q8WT44 CYtoKinesis defect ZK328.2 Q23463 ZK328.4 Q23462 ZK328.5a Q95PX4 npp-10 is orthologous to the human gene NUCLEOPORIN, 98-KD (NUP98; OMIM:601021), which can promote leukemias (myelodysplastic syndromes, AML, or CML) when chromosomally rearranged. ZK328.5b Q23464 nucleoporin ; DNA-directed RNA polymerase ZK328.6 Q8TA81 ZK328.7a Q20255 ZK328.7b Q7Z146 ZK328.8 Q95PX3 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZK337.1a Q7JKM0 ZK337.1b O46015 Alpha-2-macroglobulin family (3 domains) ZK337.1c Q7YTU0 ZK337.2 O46016 ZK337.4 O46017 ZK337.5 Q9TW36 PMID: 12385749. ZK353.1a P34624 ZK353.1b P34624 ZK353.2 P34625 ZK353.3 P34626 ZK353.4 P34627 ZK353.5 P34628 ZK353.6 P34629 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK353.7 P34630 ZK353.8 P34631 ZK353.9 Q95ZI6 ZK354.1 P53017 ZK354.11 P53017 msp-59 encodes a member of the major sperm protein family. ZK354.2a P91571 ZK354.2b Q8MPS7 ZK354.3 P91570 ZK354.4 P53017 ZK354.5 P53017 ZK354.6 P91566 ZK354.7 P91567 ZK354.8 P91568 ZK354.9 P91569 ZK355.1 Q9N4N8 ZK355.2a Q9N4P1 ZK355.2b Q86LS7 ZK355.3 Q9N4P0 ZK355.4 Q9N4N9 ZK355.5 Q9N4N7 ZK355.6 Q9N4N6 ZK370.3a Q02328 ZK370.3b Q02328 ZK370.4a Q6LDE9 ZK370.4b Q6LDF0 ZK370.5 Q02332 ZK370.6 Q02333 ZK370.7 Q02334 ZK370.8 Q02335 ZK377.1 P91573 ZK377.2a O01632 The protein product of sax-3 is homologous to Drosophila ROUNDABOUT; in larval hermaphrodites, SAX-3 is required to confine migrating sex myoblasts to the ventral muscle quadrants during their migration through the body. ZK377.2b O44928 Sensory AXon guidance ZK380.1 O61764 ZK380.2 O61762 ZK380.4 O61763 ZK381.1 Q23472 cerevisiae HOP1 protein which is required for the formation of the synaptonemal complex during meiosis; him-3 is required for synapsis and chiasma formation during meiotic recombination and for chromosome segregation; him-3 mutants show a high frequency of males in the population as well as a high frequency of arrested embryos due to defects in X-chromosome segregation; HIM-3 localizes to the meiotic chromosome associating with both unsynapsed and synapsed chromosomes. ZK381.2 Q23469 ZK381.3 Q9GYF7 ZK381.4 Q9TZQ3 In vitro, PGL-1 protein binds IFE-1, when assayed either by yeast two-hybrids or by precipitation of GST fusions ('GST-pulldown'). ZK381.5a Q8MPR6 ZK381.5b Q8MPR5 ZK384.1 O62507 ZK384.2 O62508 ZK384.3 O62509 ZK39.2 Q9XUI2 ZK39.3 Q9XUI1 ZK39.4 Q9XUI0 ZK39.5 Q9XUI5 ZK39.6 Q9XUI4 ZK39.7 Q9XUI6 ZK39.8 Q9XUH9 ZK40.1 Q23087 ZK402.1 Q23480 ZK402.2 Q23479 ZK402.3 Q23478 ZK402.5 Q23477 ZK418.1 Q23489 ZK418.2a Q23488 ZK418.2b Q65ZK4 ZK418.3 Q23481 ZK418.4 Q23482 ZK418.5 Q23483 ZK418.6 Q23484 ZK418.7 Q23485 ZK418.8 Q23486 ZK418.9a Q23487 A dominant-negative form of FUBP1-like proteins can be generated in vitro and expressed transgenically; doing so negatively regulates the activity of several other transcription factors associated with c-myc's FUSE site. ZK418.9b Q7Z145 ZK430.1 Q23495 ZK430.2 Q23493 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK430.3 Q27538 ZK430.5 Q23491 ZK430.7 Q23494 ZK430.8 Q23490 ZK455.1 Q23500 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK455.2 Q23496 ZK455.3 Q23497 ZK455.4 Q23498 asm-2 encodes an ortholog of human SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE 1, ACID LYSOSOMAL (SMPD1; OMIM:607608), which when mutated leads to Niemann-Pick disease type B. ZK455.5 Q23499 ZK455.6 Q19217 ZK455.7 P34713 pgp-3 encodes a transmembrane protein that is a member of the P-glycoprotein subclass of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily; with PGP-1, PGP-3 is required for defense against the pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14, and may facilitate ATP-dependent efflux of the toxic phenazine compounds produced by the bacteria; PGP-3 is also required for resistance to colchicine and chloroquine; PGP-3 is expressed in the apical membranes of the excretory cell and the intestinal cells; loss of pgp-3 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities. ZK455.8a Q23501 ZK455.8b Q95ZI5 ZK470.1 Q23508 ZK470.2a Q23505 ZK470.2b Q23505 ZK470.2c Q23503 ZK470.4 Q23504 ZK470.5a Q95PW9 Briggsae CBG14353; contains three SH3 domains and two SH2 domains. ZK470.5b Q95PX0 Temporarily Assigned Gene name ZK470.6 Q23509 ZK484.2a O44897 haf-9 is orthologous to the human gene ATP-BINDING CASSETTE, SUB-FAMILY B (MDR/TAP), MEMBER 3 (TAP2; OMIM:170261), which when mutated leads to disease. ZK484.2b Q8IA64 HAlF transporter (PGP related) ZK484.3 O44895 ZK484.4a Q95X55 ZK484.4b Q95X56 ZK484.5 O44898 ZK484.6 O44899 ZK484.7 O44901 ZK484.8 O44902 ZK488.1 O17026 ZK488.10 O17024 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. ZK488.2 O17025 ZK488.4 O17020 ZK488.5 O17019 ZK488.6 O17018 ZK488.7 O17021 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. ZK488.9 O17023 ZK507.1 P34633 ZK507.3 P34635 ZK507.4 P34636 ZK507.6 P34638 ZK512.1 P34639 ZK512.10 Q7YTH2 ZK512.11 Q7YTH1 ZK512.2 P34640 ZK512.3 P34641 The ced-11 gene encodes a predicted transmembrane ion channel related to the long transient receptor potential channel (LTRPC) subfamily of TRP channels found in Drosophila and mammals; CED-11 functions as a downstream effector in the programmed cell death pathway and may play a role in affecting the morphological changes seen in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane of apoptotic cells. ZK512.4 P34642 ZK512.5 P34643 ZK512.6 P34644 eat-4 encodes an ortholog of the mammalian BNPI vesicular glutamate transporter that affects chemotaxis, feeding, foraging and thermotaxis; eat-4 is expressed in specific neurons, including M3L and M3R which are known to be glutamatergic. ZK512.7 P34645 ZK512.8 P34646 ZK512.9 Q9NA23 ZK520.1 O46018 ZK520.2 O46019 ZK520.3 O46020 ZK520.4a Q9NA22 cul-2 encodes a member of the cullin family that affects embryonic viability and is required for cytokinesis and mitotic chromosome segregation; expressed embryonically in diverse cell types throughout larval development and in the adult germ line. ZK520.4b O46021 Cullin family (2 domains) ZK520.4c Q8WQ96 Cullin family (2 domains) ZK520.4d Q17390 CULlin ZK520.5 P52010 cyp-2 is a predicted member of the cytosolic CyclosporinA- binding cyclophilin family that is functional when expressed in E. coli. ZK524.1 Q01608 spe-4 encodes a transmembrane protein that is a divergent member of the presenilin family of proteins that have been implicated in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (OMIM:104300); spe-4 activity is required for proper formation and function of the fibrous body-membranous organelles that are asymmetrically localized to spermatids during spermatogeneis; spe-4 is also required for proper partitioning of tubulin as spermatids bud from the residual body; spe-4 localizes to the fibrous body-membranous organelles of developing spermatocytes and also to the spermatozoon cell body. ZK524.2a P27715 unc-13 mutants are longer-lived than normal. ZK524.2b P27715 UNC-13 protein ZK524.2c P27715 UNCoordinated ZK524.2d P27715 UNCoordinated ZK524.2e P27715 UNCoordinated ZK524.3a Q23511 ZK524.3b Q7YSW0 Leucyl tRNA Synthetase ZK524.4 Q22855 ZK525.1 O46023 flp-15 encodes two FMRFamide-related short peptide neurotransmitter; the precise roles for these peptides in C. elegans neurotransmission are not yet known. ZK525.2 O46024 ZK54.1 Q23514 ZK54.2 Q23515 ZK54.3 Q8MPR4 ZK546.11 Q23520 ZK546.13 Q23523 ZK546.14a Q23525 ZK546.14b Q86NB4 ZK546.15 Q23528 ZK546.17 Q7Z144 ZK546.1a Q23529 ZK546.1b Q23529 cytoskeletal linker protein ZK546.1c Q23529 cytoskeletal linker protein ZK546.2a Q23526 ZK546.2b Q95PW8 ZK546.2c Q7JPD6 ZK546.3 Q23524 ZK546.4 Q23522 ZK546.5 Q23521 ZK546.6 Q23519 ZK546.7 Q23518 ZK550.1 Q9XUB0 ZK550.2 O62511 ZK550.3 O62512 ZK550.4 O62513 ZK550.5 O62514 ZK550.6 O62515 The ZK550.6 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene PHYTANOYL-COA HYDROXYLASE (PHYH; PAHX; OMIM:602026), which when mutated leads to Refsum disease (OMIM:266500). ZK563.1 Q23535 uvt-7 encodes a transmembrane permease of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) that by homology, is predicted to transport metabolites across cellular membranes in response to chemiosmotic gradients; uvt-7 was first identified in molecular analyses of gene products linked to the vitellogenin (vit) loci on the X chromosome; as loss of uvt-7 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, the precise role of uvt-7 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; uvt-7 mRNA is detected in embryos and adults, suggesting that uvt-7 may be a maternally expressed gene. ZK563.2 Q23530 ZK563.4a Q23532 clc-3 encodes a claudin homolog that may regulate ion channels; CLC-3 is worm-specific, with a highly divergent sequence weakly similar to mammalian voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma subunits that are known or suspected to prevent epilepsy in vivo (e.g., stargazin; MGI:1316660); claudins are integral membrane proteins with four transmembrane sequences that are found in mammalian tight junctions (TJs), induce TJs when transgenically expressed in cells normally lacking them, and can mediate the specific conductance of of specific ions (e.g., magnesium or calcium) through TJs while blocking the flow of water. ZK563.4b Q86MH7 CLaudin-like in Caenorhabditis ZK563.5a Q23533 ZK563.5b Q7JP77 ZK563.6 Q23534 ZK593.1 Q23539 ZK593.2 Q23540 ZK593.3 Q23537 ZK593.4 Q23541 ZK593.5 Q23542 These phenotypes are consistent with the hypothesis that dynamitin, in collaboratin with cytoplasmic dynein anchored on the nucleus, drives centrosome separation. ZK593.6 Q23536 lgg-2 encodes a homolog of the light chain 3 (LC3) subunit of the microtubule-associated proteins 1A and 1B (MAP1A and MAP1B); by homology, LGG-2 is predicted to associate with MAP1A and MAP1B and with microtubules and to perhaps play a role in regulating the microtubule-binding activity of MAP1A and MAP1B; in C. elegans, loss of lgg-2 activity via RNAi does not result in any obvious abnormalities and specifically, does not appear to affect autophagy as required for dauer formation and life-span extension. ZK593.7 Q23543 ZK593.8 Q23544 ZK593.9 Q23538 ZK596.1 Q23545 ZK596.2 Q23546 ZK596.3 Q23547 ZK6.1 O61873 ZK6.10 O61874 ZK6.11a O61875 ZK6.11b Q6EZG8 ZK6.2 O61872 ZK6.3 O61870 ZK6.4 O61869 ZK6.5 O61868 ZK6.6 O61867 ZK6.7a O61866 ZK6.7b Q95X33 ZK6.8 O61865 ZK6.9 O61871 ZK616.1 Q9N4N0 ZK616.10a Q65XX7 enh-3(q689) enhances the gonadal defects of hnd-1(q740) more strongly than enh-1(q690), while enh-1(q690) enhances hnd-1(q740) lethality more strongly than does enh-3(q689). ZK616.10b Q9N4M6 Enhancer of HAND mutation hnd-1 ZK616.10c Q65XX6 Enhancer of HAND mutation hnd-1 ZK616.2 Q9N4N1 ZK616.3 Q9N4N2 ZK616.4 Q9N4N4 ZK616.5 Q965Z2 ZK616.6 Q9N4N3 ZK616.7 Q9N4M9 ZK616.8 Q9N4M8 ZK616.9 Q9N4M7 ZK617.1a Q23550 unc-22 encodes twitchin, a giant intracellular protein with multiple fibronectin- and immunoglobulin-like domains and a single protein kinase domain that is homologous to titin (OMIM:188840); UNC-22 is required in muscle for regulation of the actomyosin contraction-relaxation cycle and for maintenance of normal muscle morphology; UNC-22 associates with myosin and is localized to A-bands; in vitro, UNC-22 can phosphorylate myosin light-chain peptides and can undergo autophosphorylation. ZK617.1b Q23551 Fibronectin type III domain (31 domains), IG (immunoglobulin) superfamily (18 domains), calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase ZK617.2 Q23548 ZK617.4 Q7YWM6 ZK622.1 Q23554 ZK622.2 Q23553 ZK622.3a Q23552 ZK622.3b Q95PW7 ZK622.3c Q8IFX3 ZK622.3d Q86NB3 ZK622.4 Q95PW6 ZK632.10 P34655 ZK632.11 P34656 ZK632.12 P34657 ZK632.13 Q10120 lin-52 encodes a novel protein that is most closely related to the Drosophila melanogaster CG15929 protein and the human protein XP_040376; lin-52 is a class B synthetic multivulva (synMuv) gene that appears to function with lin-35/Rb to negatively regulate vulval development; in addition, lin-52 is also required for germline and larval development. ZK632.14 Q7YWL9 ZK632.1a P34647 mcm-6 encodes a protein that has similarity to human DNA replication licensing factor MCM6 and affects embryonic viability. ZK632.2 P34648 ZK632.3 P34649 ZK632.4 P34650 ZK632.4 is orthologous to the human gene PHOSPHOMANNOSE ISOMERASE (MPI; OMIM:154550), which when mutated leads to disease. ZK632.5 P34651 ZK632.6 P34652 cnx-1 encodes the C. elegans ortholog of calnexin, a transmembrane calcium-binding protein that localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum; by homology, CNX-1 is predicted to function as a molecular chaperone that is required for glycoprotein folding and maturation as well as for regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis; although loss of cnx-1 activity via large-scale RNAi screens does not result in any obvious abnormalities, genetic studies indicate that cnx-1 RNAi can suppress the necrotic-like cell death induced by hyperactive mutations in the MEC-4 and DEG-1 ion channels; thus, in addition to its proposed role in glycoprotein processing, CNX-1 is also required for necrotic-like neuronal death. ZK632.7 P34653 ZK632.8 P34212 ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are N-myristoylated GTPases that regulate membrane traffic and the actin cytoskeleton, stimulate ADP ribosylation by cholera toxin, and activate both phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase; ARF-like proteins are similar to ARFs, but have no effect on ADP ribosylation by cholera toxin or on phospholipase D activity. ZK632.9 P34654 ZK637.1 P30638 ZK637.10 P30635 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK637.11 P30634 cdc-25.3 encodes a tyrosine phosphatase that is a member of the cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) family of cell cycle regulators that includes Schizosaccharomyces pombe CDC25 and Drosophila string; cdc-25.3 is one of four cdc-25 genes in C. elegans and while it is known to be expressed in hermaphrodites, the precise function of cdc-25.3 is not yet clear; cdc-25.3 may function redundantly with cdc-25.2 during embryonic development and redundantly with cdc-25.1, cdc-25.2, and emb-29 during meiosis. ZK637.12 P34658 ZK637.13 P30627 ZK637.14 P30631 ZK637.15 Q23556 ZK637.2 P30629 ZK637.3 P30639 ZK637.4 P30637 ZK637.5 P30632 ZK637.7a P30630 ZK637.7b P30630 abnormal cell LINeage ZK637.8a P30628 Each of these genes generally demonstrates tissue-specific, nonoverlapping expression. ZK637.8b P30628 TJ6/proton pump ZK637.8c P30628 TJ6/proton pump ZK637.8d P30628 TJ6/proton pump ZK637.8e P30628 TJ6/proton pump ZK637.8f P30628 TJ6/proton pump ZK637.9a P30636 ZK643.1 P30647 ZK643.2 P30648 ZK643.3 P30650 ZK643.5 P30651 ZK643.6 P30652 ZK643.7 P30653 ZK643.8 Q868B4 ZK652.1 P34659 ZK652.10 Q95PW5 ZK652.11 Q9TYA3 ZK652.2 P34660 ZK652.3 P34661 ZK652.4 P34662 rpl-35 encodes a large ribosomal subunit L35 protein. ZK652.5 P34663 The ceh-10 gene is a direct target of the homeodomain protein CEH-10 and the LIM homeodomain protein TTX-3, which are themselves required for some or all of the differentiated cell type-specific traits of AIY. ZK652.6a P34664 ZK652.6b Q7Z143 ZK652.8 P34665 ZK652.9 P34666 This gene encodes a protein predicted by Eisenberg and coworkers, with 52% accuracy, to be mitochondrial. ZK662.2 Q94406 ZK662.3a Q94407 ZK662.3b Q9BJL1 Zinc finger, C4 type (two domains) ZK662.4 Q27395 ZK662.5 Q9U1N7 ZK666.1 Q23559 ZK666.11 Q7YWM8 ZK666.12 Q7YWM7 ZK666.2 Q23560 ZK666.3 Q23561 ZK666.4 Q23562 ZK666.5 Q23563 ZK666.6 Q23564 ZK666.7 Q23565 ZK666.8 Q23566 ZK669.1a Q27267 ZK669.1b Q7YSI8 N-chimaerin ZK669.2 Q23569 ZK669.3 Q23570 ZK669.4 Q23571 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK669.5 Q23572 ZK669.7 Q7YWM5 ZK673.1 Q09662 ZK673.10 O18299 ZK673.11 Q8I0Y7 ZK673.2 Q09629 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK673.3 Q09377 ZK673.4 Q09663 ZK673.5 Q09664 ZK673.6 Q09378 ZK673.7 Q09665 tnc-2 encodes pharyngeal muscle troponin C, the calcium-binding component of the troponin complex of actin thin filaments; TNC-2 is essential for postembryonic development, and by homology, likely functions to regulate pharyngeal muscle contraction in response to changes in intracellular calcium; TNC-2 is expressed exclusively in pharyngeal muscle. ZK673.9 Q23568 ZK675.1 Q09614 ptc-1 is orthologous to Drosophila patched and human PTC; mutation of human PTC leads to nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (OMIM:109400). ZK675.2 Q09615 ZK675.4 Q09380 ZK678.1 Q27365 ZK678.2 Q94411 ZK678.3 Q94412 ZK678.4 Q94413 ZK678.5 Q94129 ZK678.6 O62517 ZK678.7 Q7YWM1 ZK678.8 Q7YWM0 ZK682.2 Q23576 ZK682.4 Q23579 ZK682.5 Q23580 ZK682.7 Q23581 ZK686.1 P34667 ZK686.2 P34668 ZK686.3 P34669 ZK686.3 is orthologous to the putative tumor suppressor N33 (OMIM:601385, associated with homozygous deletion in metastatic prostate cancer and with loss of function in other tumors); ZK686.3 is also homologous to the S. cerevisiae dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide-protein glycotransferase gamma chain (34-kD) subunit, OST3. ZK686.4 P34670 ZK686.5 Q7Z142 ZK688.1 P34671 ZK688.2 P34672 ZK688.3 P34673 ZK688.4 P34674 ZK688.5a P34675 ZK688.5b Q8I7F0 ZK688.6a P34676 ZK688.6b P34676 ZK688.7 P34677 ZK688.8 P34678 gly-3 encodes an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that is functional in vitro. ZK688.9 P34274 ZK697.1 O44580 ZK697.10 Q965K9 ZK697.11 O44579 ZK697.12 Q7Z2B2 ZK697.13 Q7Z2B1 ZK697.14 Q7KPV7 ZK697.2 O44577 ZK697.3 O44575 ZK697.4 O44574 ZK697.5 O44573 ZK697.6 O44576 ZK697.7 O61200 ZK697.8 O44578 ZK721.1 Q9GYF0 tag-130 encodes a predicted transmembrane protein; as loss of tag-130 activity via RNAi does not result in any abnormalities, the precise role of TAG-130 in C. elegans development and/or behavior is not yet known; however, TAG-130 is homologous to SID-1, a channel protein required for systemic RNA interference, and thus TAG-130 may be predicted to also function as a channel; a tag-130 reporter fusion is widely expressed in larval and adult stages and detected in such tissues as body wall muscle, hypodermis, intestine, pharynx, and the gonad. ZK721.2 Q9GYF1 ZK721.3 Q9GYF2 ZK721.4 Q9GYF4 ZK742.1a Q23089 imb-4 encodes exportin-1, an importin-beta-like protein orthologous to Drosophila, vertebrate, and yeast exportin-1/CRM1; IMB-4 is predicted to function as a nuclear export receptor for proteins containing leucine-rich nuclear export signals; in C. elegans, IMB-4 is essential for embryogenesis and larval development, and may also be required for normal body morphology and postembryonic growth rates. ZK742.1b Q8MPS6 importin beta, nuclear transport factor ZK742.2 Q23088 ZK742.3 Q23090 ZK742.4 Q23091 ZK742.5 Q23092 ZK75.1 Q09626 ZK75.2 Q09627 ZK75.3 Q09628 ins-3 encodes one of several insulin-related peptides; INS-3 is classified as a Type-beta insulin based on the predicted arrangement of disulfide bonds; gfp gene fusions with the promoter and enhancer regions indicate that INS-3 is expressed in some amphid sensory neurons. ZK757.1 P34679 ZK757.2 P34680 ZK757.3a P34681 ZK757.3b P34681 Temporarily Assigned Gene name ZK757.3c P34681 Temporarily Assigned Gene name ZK757.4a Q8I0G4 ZK757.4b Q65ZC4 ZK770.1 O01635 ZK770.3 O01634 inx-12 (innexin=invertebrate connexin analogue) encodes a protein of the innexin family; innexins are gap junction proteins similar in function, though dissimilar in sequence to the vertebrate connexins; innexins are the only known gap junction proteins in invertebrates; inx-12 and inx-13 appear to be a tandom duplication; RNA interference of inx-12 results in an arrest at the L1 larval stage with fluid filled dead rods; this phenotype and sequence homology to Drosophila innexins suggest that INX-12 may be required to form gap junctions between the excretory canal and hypodermis, thus playing an essential role in osmoregulation; an INX-12::GFP fusion protein is expressed in the excretory canal. ZK783.1 Q23587 ZK783.1 is homologous to human fibrillin-1 (FBN1), which when mutated leads to Marfan syndrome (OMIM:154700). ZK783.2 Q23588 ZK783.3 Q23589 ZK783.4 Q23590 It is important to note that this is distinct from, though mechanistically analogous to, disease states associated with prion propagation and amyloidogenesis. ZK783.5 Q7Z141 ZK792.1a Q23596 ZK792.1b Q95PW2 ZK792.2 Q23593 inx-8 encodes a predicted member of the innexin family that affects fertility; expressed in sheath cells. ZK792.3 Q23594 Based on these observations, INX-8 and INX-9 may form a functional pair. ZK792.4a Q23595 ZK792.4b Q5WRP5 ankyrin like ZK792.5 Q23591 ZK792.6 P22981 let-60 is orthologous to the human gene NEUROBLASTOMA RAS VIRAL (V-RAS) ONCOGENE HOMOLOG (NRAS; OMIM:164790), which when mutated leads to colorectal cancer. ZK792.7 Q23592 ZK792.8 Q9U1N6 ZK795.1 O62519 ZK795.2 O62520 ZK795.3 O62518 ZK795.4 Q7YSV9 ZK809.1 Q23602 ZK809.2 Q23598 tag-145/ZK809.2 encodes an ortholog of human tafazzin (TAZ; OMIM:300394, mutated in Barth syndrome). ZK809.3 Q23597 ZK809.4 Q23599 ent-1 encodes a predicted equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 that affects growth. ZK809.5a Q23600 ZK809.5b Q86D01 ZK809.7 Q23601 prx-2 is orthologous to the human gene PEROXISOMAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN 3 (PXMP3; OMIM:170993), which when mutated leads to Zellweger syndrome 3 or infantile Refsum disease. ZK809.8 Q86D00 ZK813.1 Q23606 ZK813.2 Q23605 ZK813.3 Q23604 ZK813.4 Q95PW1 ZK813.5 Q8MPR3 ZK816.1 Q23611 ZK816.3 Q23609 ZK816.4 Q23610 ZK816.5 Q23612 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK822.1 Q23613 ZK822.2 Q23614 ZK822.3a P35449 nhx-9 encodes a sodium/proton exchanger expressed intracellularly within the excretory cell, in distinct, large aggregates; nhx-9 has no known mutant or RNAi phenotype; NHX-9 is thought to prevent intracellular acidification by catalysing the electroneutral exchange of vesicular sodium for an intracellular proton. ZK822.3b P35449 Na(+)/H(+) antiporter ZK822.4 Q23615 ZK822.5 Q23616 ZK829.1 Q23618 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK829.10 O18300 ZK829.2 P34751 ZK829.3 Q23620 ZK829.4 Q23621 ZK829.4 is orthologous to the human gene GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE PRECURSOR (GLUD1; OMIM:238300), which when mutated leads to disease. ZK829.5 Q23622 ZK829.6 Q23623 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK829.7 Q23624 ZK829.8 Q23625 ZK829.9 Q23626 ZK836.1 Q23628 ZK836.2 Q23629 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK836.3 Q7YWM9 ZK84.1 Q23635 ZK84.2 Q23633 ZK84.4 Q23632 ZK84.5 Q23634 ZK84.6 P56174 ins-6 encodes predicted type-beta insulin-like molecule that lacks a C peptide domain; expressed throughout development and in some neurons beginning in the two-fold elongated embryo. ZK84.7 Q7JPJ3 ins-20 encodes predicted type-alpha insulin-like molecule that lacks a C peptide domain and does not have an A6/A11 disulfide bond. ZK849.1 O18301 ZK849.2 O18302 ZK849.4 O18303 ZK849.5 O18304 ZK849.6 Q7YWM3 ZK856.1 Q23639 The first two protein groups underwent further duplication and divergence prior to the divergence of nematodes and vertebrates, so that five cullin families exist in worms and humans (orthologous to CUL-1 through CUL-5). ZK856.10 Q23645 ZK856.11 Q23646 ZK856.12 Q23647 ZK856.13 Q95PV7 ZK856.4 Q23638 ZK856.5 Q23640 ZK856.6 Q23641 ZK856.7 Q23642 ZK856.8 Q23643 ZK856.9 Q23644 ZK858.1 Q94419 ZK858.2 Q94418 ZK858.3 Q94417 ZK858.4 Q94420 mel-26 encodes a MATH and BTB/POZ domain-containing protein that functions as a novel substrate-specific adaptor of the CUL-3-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase; MEL-26 is required maternally for formation of mitotic spindles in the early embryo, and as a component of a ubiquitin ligase complex, for degradation of the microtubule-severing protein MEI-1 at the meiosis to mitosis transition; MEL-26 is also required maternally for embryonic morphogenesis; since MEL-26 contains a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain, it might be involved in apoptosis. ZK858.5 Q94421 ZK858.6 Q7YTF9 ZK858.7 Q94416 ZK858.8 Q7YTH3 ZK863.1 Q23650 ZK863.2 Q23649 ZK863.3 Q23651 ZK863.4 Q23652 ZK863.5 Q23648 ZK863.6 Q10661 The dpy-30 gene encodes an essential nuclear protein required for hermaphrodite dosage compensation as well as normal male development; DPY-30 is expressed ubiquitously throughout development and can be detected in two different multiprotein complexes: the SDC complex involved in dosage compensation and a second complex containing NOX-1 (a WD repeat-containing protein) and ASH-2 (a trithorax-related protein) that is homologous to the yeast Set1p complex involved in epigenetic regulation of transcription. ZK863.7 Q10667 ZK863.8 Q8I4A6 ZK867.1a Q95PV4 ZK867.1b Q95PV3 ZK867.1c Q95PV6 ZK867.1d Q95PV5 ZK867.2 Q23653 ZK892.1a Q09581 ZK892.1b Q95ZI4 galactoside-binding lectin ZK892.1c Q8I4A5 gaLECtin ZK892.1d Q8I4A4 gaLECtin ZK892.1e Q8I4A3 gaLECtin ZK892.2 Q23655 nlt-1 encodes a member of the SCP-2 sterol transfer family. ZK892.3 Q09617 ZK892.4 Q09618 ZK892.4 is orthologous to the human gene ALPHA-METHYLACYL-CoA RACEMASE (AMACR; OMIM:604489), which when mutated leads to AMACR deficiency. ZK892.5 Q23657 ZK892.6 Q09619 ZK892.7 Q09620 ZK896.1 O02341 ZK896.3 O02346 ZK896.4 Q9XUA9 ZK896.5 Q9XUA8 ZK896.6 Q9XUA7 ZK896.7 O02343 ZK896.8 O02344 gcy-18 encodes a predicted guanylate cyclase whose expression is induced in daf-16(RNAi); daf-2(RNAi) double mutants and repressed in daf-2(RNAi) mutants; this profile was obtained by microarray analysis and may reflect a contribution by GCY-18 to a shortened lifespan. ZK896.9 O02345 ZK897.1 Q23658 unc-31 encodes a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing protein orthologous to human calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion (CADPS, OMIM:604667); UNC-31 functions in post-docking calcium-regulated dense-core vesicle fusion that is required for egg laying, locomotion, pharyngeal pumping, and recovery from the dauer larval stage; in addition, UNC-31 functions in the insulin receptor signaling pathway that regulates adult life span where it may control Ca[2+]-regulated secretion of an insulin-like ligand. ZK899.1 Q23659 ZK899.2 Q23660 ZK899.3 Q23663 ZK899.4 P52274 tba-8 encodes a member of the alpha tubulin family with high similarity to the human tubulin alpha-6 chain; expressed in some neurons with occasional expression in the hypodermis. ZK899.5 Q23661 ZK899.6 Q23662 ZK899.7 O18306 ZK899.8a Q8MLZ5 Overexpression of C. elegans GAP-2 can rescue mating defects of Schizosaccharomyces pombe gap1 deletion mutants. ZK899.8b Q8MLZ5 GTPase-activating protein ZK899.8c Q8MLZ5 GTPase-activating protein ZK899.8d Q8MLZ5 GTPase-activating protein ZK899.8e Q8MLZ5 GTPase-activating protein ZK899.8f Q8MLZ5 GTPase-activating protein ZK899.8g Q8MLZ5 GTPase-activating protein ZK899.8h Q8MLZ5 GTPase-activating protein ZK909.1 O18308 ZK909.2a P21137 kin-1 encodes multiple isoforms of predicted serine/threonine protein kinases, some of which are myristoylated, with similarity to protein kinase A catalytic subunits. ZK909.2b P21137 cAMP-dependant protein kinase ZK909.2c P21137 protein KINase ZK909.2d P21137 protein KINase ZK909.2e P21137 protein KINase ZK909.2f P21137 protein KINase ZK909.2g P21137 protein KINase ZK909.2h P21137 protein KINase ZK909.2i P21137 protein KINase ZK909.2j P21137 protein KINase ZK909.2k P21137 protein KINase ZK909.2l P21137 protein KINase ZK909.2m P21137 protein KINase ZK909.3 O18307 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. ZK909.4 Q94126 let-60 may thus inhibit apoptosis, at least in part, by downregulating ces-2. ZK909.5 O18309 ZK909.6 Q7YTT9 ZK930.1 Q23669 ZK930.2 Q23665 ZK930.3a Q23664 ZK930.3b Q65ZB3 ZK930.4 Q23666 ZK930.5 Q23667 ZK930.6 Q23668 ZK930.7 O46027 ZK938.1 Q23671 ZK938.2 Q23672 ZK938.3 Q23673 ZK938.4 Q23674 ZK938.5 Q23677 old-2 encodes a transmembrane protein tyrosine kinase (also known as 'kin-28') that affects mean and maximum life span with multiple paralogs in C. elegans; the expression of old-2 was experimentally verified by RT-PCR. ZK938.6 Q23675 ZK938.7 Q23676 ZK945.1 Q09621 ZK945.2 Q09583 ZK945.3 Q09622 ZK945.4 Q09381 ZK945.5 Q09623 ZK945.6a Q09382 ZK945.6b Q6LAA9 ZK945.7 Q09383 ZK945.8 Q09384 ZK945.9 Q09624 lov-1 and ceh-26 expression in HOB is decreased in an egl-44 mutant background. ZK970.1a Q23684 ZK970.1 encodes, by alternative splicing, two isoforms of a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; ZK970.1 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. ZK970.1b Q7JMI4 ZK970.2 Q27539 ZK970.3 Q23679 ZK970.4 Q23680 ZK970.5 Q23681 ZK970.6 Q23682 gcy-5 encodes a predicted guanylate cyclase with strong similarity to rat atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A; expressed in ASER. ZK970.7 Q23683 ZK970.8 Q7YWN1 ZK971.1 Q20750 ZK973.1 Q9N4L5 ZK973.10 Q9N4L8 lpd-5 is orthologous to the human gene NADH DEHYDROGENASE (UBIQUINONE) FE-S PROTEIN 4 (18KD) (NADH-COENZYME Q REDUCTASE) (NDUFS4; OMIM:602694), which when mutated leads to NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) deficiency. ZK973.11 Q9N4L6 ZK973.2 Q9N4L7 ZK973.3 Q9N4M0 ZK973.4 Q9N4M2 ZK973.5 Q9N4M3 ZK973.6 Q9N4M4 anc-1 encodes a 8546-residue protein, orthologous of Drosophila Msp-300 and mammalian Syne proteins, which may extend more than 0.5 micrometers in vivo; ANC-1 has coiled regions, a nuclear envelope localization domain (the KASH domain) and an actin-binding domain; ANC-1 affects the positioning of nuclei and mitochondria within the cytoskeleton; ANC-1 is expressed in the cytoplasm, but localized to the nuclear periphery in an UNC-84-dependent manner. ZK973.8 Q9N4M1 ZK973.9 Q9N4L9 ZK993.1 Q9N4L2 ZK993.2 Q9N4L4 ZK993.3 Q9N4L3 ZK994.1 O44089 ZK994.3 O44087 ZK994.4 O44086 ZK994.6 O44088 cTel54X.1 Q9XXA5 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). cTel7X.1 Q9XXA0 C45G7.5 Q5F4U0 cdh-10 encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily. Y59A8B.1 Q9GRZ3 Y105E8A.7 Q7K6W9 T04G9.2 P55115 T11F9.5 Q22401 T11F9.6 Q22398 F42A10.8 P98061 F58A6.4 Q20958 Y95B8A.1 Q9N2V2 Y18D10A.7 Q5DTE5 ZC416.8 P34711 unc-17 encodes a synaptic vesicle acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) highly conserved amongst metazoans including Drosophila and humans (OMIM:600336); UNC-17 is essential for embryonic development, and is required in cholinergic neurons for loading acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles to which UNC-17 is localized; UNC-17 expression may be regulated indirectly by the UNC-4/UNC-37 transcriptional repressor complex, as UNC-17 expression is greatly reduced in unc-4 and unc-37 mutant backgrounds. C43E11.4 P91150 C35C5.3 Q9U3N5 F13G3.5 Q19420 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. F38E11.5 Q20168 F38E11.5 encodes a beta' (beta-prime) subunit of the coatomer (COPI) complex; in mass RNAi assays, F38E11.5 is required for fertility and general health. F54B8.7 O45564 K08D8.4 Q21330 M01F1.4 Q21453 T07C4.10 Q5CZ46 T16H12.5 P34568 The T16H12.5 gene encodes a protein with a meprin-associated Traf homology (MATH) domain that may be involved in apoptosis. W05H5.5 Q5FC42 Y45F10D.3 O45947 Y18D10A.22 Q564Q0 B0205.1 O61746 B0205.4 O61739 The B0205.4 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene FUT1, which when mutated leads to leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type II (OMIM:266265). B0205.5 O61740 B0205.6 O61741 B0205.8 O61743 B0205.9 O61745 B0205.10 O61747 B0205.11 Q95X39 B0238.1 O16497 B0238.7 O16490 B0238.9 O16485 B0238.10 O16486 B0238.11 O16487 B0238.12 O16488 B0238.13 O16496 B0303.5 P34257 B0304.2 Q10932 B0304.4 Q10933 B0412.3 P90984 C02A12.2 Q5F4V7 C02A12.3 Q5F4V6 C02A12.5 Q5F4V5 C02A12.6 Q5F4V0 C03A7.1 O16509 C03A7.2 O16508 C03A7.11 O16506 C03A7.12 O16507 C03A7.13 O16510 C03G6.5 O01454 C03G6.6 O01453 C03G6.8 O01448 C03G6.10 O01446 C03G6.12 O01449 C03G6.13 O01452 C03G6.16 O01459 C03G6.17 O01460 C04E12.2 O76679 C04E12.4 O76677 C04E12.5 O76676 C04E12.6 O76674 C04E12.7 O76675 Exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of apoptotic cells occurs because of a phospholipid scramblase and inactivation of an aminophospolipid translocase that would normally keep the PS on the interior of the cell; by virtue of its similarity to mammalian scramblase, C04E12.7 may promote clearage of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis. C04E12.9 O76681 C04E12.10 O76682 C04E12.11 O76684 C04E12.12 O76685 C05E4.7 O17357 C05E4.12 O17364 C07G3.2 O16327 C07G3.8 O16321 C07G3.9 O16322 C07G3.10 Q965N0 C09B8.3 Q17845 C09B8.4 Q17846 C09B8.5 Q17847 C09B8.8 Q8WQG3 C09G12.1 O44462 Q50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-8, ceh-10, ceh-42, unc-4, unc-42, C18B12.3, R08B4.2, and T13C5.4; K50 paired-like homeodomain genes in C. elegans include ceh-36, ceh-37, unc-30, and C09G12.1; C. elegans' one S50 gene is vab-3; and outliers (neither Q50 nor K50 or S50) include pax-3 and Y53C12C.1. C09G12.5 O44457 C09G12.9 O76258 C09G12.9 is orthologous to the human gene TUMOR SUSCEPTIBILITY GENE 101 (TSG101; OMIM:601387), which when mutated leads to disease. C16D9.1 Q22902 C16D9.3 Q22897 C16D9.4 Q22898 C16D9.5 Q22899 C16D9.6 Q22900 C16D9.8 Q22903 C16D9.9 Q95Q85 C17E7.1 O16398 C17E7.4 O16393 C17E7.5 O16388 C17E7.6 O16389 C17E7.7 O16390 C17E7.9 Q965M7 C17E7.10 O16395 C17E7.12 Q965M6 C17E7.13 Q965M9 C18B10.1 P91077 C18B10.2 P91076 C18B10.3 P91075 C18B10.4 Q5DX29 C18B10.5 Q5DX30 C18B10.6 P91071 C24B9.3 O76430 C29G2.1 O16889 C29G2.2 O16888 C29G2.3 O16886 C29G2.5 O16884 C29G2.6 O16887 C30A5.9 P34354 C35B8.3 Q18478 C36C5.2 O16412 C36C5.3 O16411 C36C5.4 O16409 C36C5.5 O16405 C36C5.6 Q8ITZ7 C36C5.7 Q8ITZ6 C36C5.8 Q8ITZ5 C36C5.10 O16403 C36C5.11 O16404 C36C5.12 O16406 C36C5.13 O16407 C36C5.14 O16408 C36C5.15 O16410 C42C1.1 O44974 C42C1.2 O44973 C42C1.3 O44972 C42C1.4 O44971 C42C1.5 O44970 C42C1.6 O44964 C42C1.7 O44963 C42C1.8 O44965 C42C1.9 O44966 C42C1.10 O44967 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C42C1.11 O44969 C42C1.12 O44968 C42C1.13 Q95X52 C42C1.15 Q95X50 C42C1.16 Q95X51 C43E11.1 P91156 C43E11.2 P91153 C43E11.5 P91147 C43E11.8 P91149 C43E11.9 P91154 C43E11.11 P91151 C43E11.12 Q8I7H4 C44E12.1 Q18621 C45G7.1 O76359 C45G7.2 O76358 C45G7.3 O76357 C45G7.4 O76354 C45G9.1 Q09503 C45G9.2 Q09504 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. C45G9.4 Q09505 C45G9.5 Q09278 C45G9.6 Q09279 C45G9.7 Q09506 C45G9.8 Q09280 C45G9.9 Q09507 C45G9.10 Q09281 C45G9.11 Q09282 C45G9.12 Q09283 C45G9.13 Q8MNU5 C45H4.1 O44705 C45H4.3 Q5F4U4 C45H4.6 O44701 C45H4.7 O44696 C45H4.8 O44697 C45H4.9 O44695 C45H4.10 O44694 C45H4.11 O44692 C45H4.13 O44693 C45H4.14 O44698 C45H4.16 O44700 C50E10.1 Q95NF0 C50E10.2 Q965I1 C50E10.3 Q965H8 C50E10.5 Q965H4 C50E10.6 Q965H5 C50E10.7 Q965H6 C50E10.8 Q965H7 C50E10.9 Q965H9 C50E10.10 Q965I0 C50E10.11 Q965I2 C50H11.1 O16481 C50H11.8 O16468 C50H11.13 O16474 C50H11.17 O16484 C54D2.1 Q18839 C54D2.2 Q18838 C56C10.1 Q18891 C56C10.3 Q18886 C56C10.4 Q18883 C56C10.6 Q18882 C56C10.7 Q95QQ2 C56C10.9 Q18887 C56C10.10 Q18888 C56C10.11 Q18889 C56C10.12 Q18892 D1065.1 O16196 D1065.3 O16193 E03D2.4 O44542 E03H12.2 O02128 E03H12.3 O02127 E03H12.4 O02126 E03H12.5 O02124 E03H12.7 O02129 E03H12.9 O02131 F07C3.2 Q19147 F07C3.3 Q19148 F07C3.4 Q5DX34 Mutation of human RP3 leads to X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 3 (OMIM:312610). F07C3.9 Q19154 F07C3.10 Q19155 F10G7.5 Q19323 F10G7.6 Q19322 F10G7.7 Q19321 F10G7.9 Q8I7L0 F10G7.10 Q19330 F10G7.11 Q86NH9 F15E11.1 O44604 F15E11.1, along with F15E11.14, encodes a 17.4 kDa protein (CE16999) with unknown function that is seven-fold more abundant in glp-1 mutant hermaphrodites (which lack a germline) than in normal hermaphrodites; F15E11.1(RNAi) animals have no obvious mutant phenotype (i.e., they have no obvious defect in fertility or germline maintenance); the F15E11.1/14 protein belongs to a nematode-specific family including the paralogs F15E11.12, F15E11.13, F15E11.15, and Y19D10B.7. F15E11.2 O44602 F15E11.3 O44601 F15E11.4 O44600 F15E11.5 O44599 F15E11.11 O44603 F15E11.12 Q95X62 F15E11.13 Q9N565 F15E11.14 O44604 F15E11.15 Q7KPV3 F18E3.1 Q19559 F18E3.7 Q19564 F18E3.10 Q9BI94 F18E3.11 Q6LCK7 F18F11.1 P91262 F18F11.2 P91260 F18F11.4 P91263 F18F11.5 Q86ME2 F27E11.1 O16192 F27E11.2 O16191 F30B5.4 Q19910 F30B5.6 Q19912 F30B5.7 Q19913 F32E10.1 Q19974 F32E10.2 Q19972 F32E10.3 Q19970 F32E10.5 Q19971 F32E10.6 Q19973 F32E10.7 Q9N542 F32E10.8 Q95QH2 F33D4.4 O44186 F33D4.5 Q7KPW7 F33D4.6 O44189 F33D4.7 Q7KPW6 F33D11.1 O44778 F33D11.2 O44776 F33D11.5 O44773 F33D11.6 O44775 F33D11.7 O44777 F33D11.8 O44779 F33D11.9 O44780 F33D11.10 O44781 F33D11.11 O44782 F33D11.12 Q95X59 F35B3.1 Q966K0 F35B3.3 Q966K1 F35B3.4 Q966J9 F35B3.7 Q966J7 F35C8.1 Q58AU7 F35C8.2 Q58AU8 F35C8.5 Q20027 F35C8.7 Q20026 F35C8.8 Q20029 F35D11.1 Q20041 F35D11.3 Q20035 F35D11.4 Q20034 F35D11.5 Q20033 F35D11.7 Q20036 F35D11.8 Q20037 F35D11.9 Q20038 F35D11.10 Q20039 F35D11.11 Q20042 F35F10.1 Q9GYT3 F35F10.2 Q9GYT6 F35F10.4 Q9GYU0 F35F10.5 Q9GYU3 F35F10.6 Q9GYU1 F35F10.7 Q9GYU2 F35F10.9 Q9GYT8 F35F10.10 Q9GYT7 F35F10.11 Q9GYT5 F35F10.12 Q9GYT4 F35F10.13 Q9GYT2 F35F10.14 Q9GYT1 F35H12.1 Q20079 F35H12.2 Q5LK42 F35H12.4 Q20077 F35H12.5 Q8WT51 F35H12.6 Q8MQ59 F35H12.7 Q8MQ58 F36D4.1 Q20102 F36D4.2 Q20100 F36D4.4 Q20101 F36D4.5 Q20103 F36D4.6 Q20104 F36H9.1 O16623 F36H9.2 O16622 F36H9.4 O16620 F36H9.5 O16621 F36H9.7 Q8IA82 F36H9.8 Q8IA83 F37C4.1 O44404 F37C4.2 Q86MF6 F37C4.3 O44402 F37C4.4 O44399 F37C4.5 O44400 F37C4.6 O61196 F37C4.7 O44401 F37C4.8 O61197 F41E6.1 O16464 F41E6.4 Q5NKY6 F41E6.5 O16457 F41E6.6 O16454 F41E6.7 O16455 F41E6.8 O16456 F41E6.9 O16458 F41E6.10 O16460 F41E6.11 O16463 F41E6.12 O16465 F41E6.13 O16466 F41E6.14 O16467 F42A10.1 Q20306 F42A10.3 Q20308 F42A10.5 Q20310 F42A10.6 Q20311 F42A10.7 Q20312 F42G9.1 P49595 F42G9.4 Q20348 F42G9.6 Q65ZK3 F42G9.8 Q20351 F48D6.4 Q20560 F48G7.2 O44591 F48G7.4 O44584 F48G7.5 O44585 F48G7.6 O61202 F48G7.7 O44586 F48G7.8 O44587 F48G7.9 O44588 F48G7.10 O44590 F48G7.11 O44593 F48G7.12 O44594 F48G7.13 O44583 F52H2.1 Q7Z131 F52H2.3 O17393 F52H2.4 O17394 F52H2.5 O17396 F52H2.6 O17397 F52H2.6 is orthologous to the human gene 3BETA-HYDROXYSTEROL DELTA 24 REDUCTASE (DHCR24; OMIM:606418), which when mutated leads to disease. F52H2.7 O17398 F53C3.1 Q9TXU0 F53C3.2 Q9TXT8 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). F53C3.3 Q9TXT6 F53C3.4 Q9TXT5 F53C3.5 Q9TXT4 F53C3.6 Q95X22 F53C3.7 Q9TXT2 F53C3.8 Q9TXT1 F53C3.11 Q9TXT7 F53C3.12 Q9TXT9 F53C3.13 Q8IA51 F54D8.2 Q20779 F54D8.5 Q20782 F54D8.6 Q8MQ25 F56B3.2 Q9BKP1 F56B3.3 O45112 F56B3.6 O45108 F56B3.7 O45109 F56B3.8 O45110 F56B3.9 O45111 F56B3.11 Q9BKP0 F56B3.12 Q8WSN2 F57B9.1 Q20939 F57B9.3 Q20935 F57B9.7 Q8MQ17 F57B9.8 Q20933 F59A3.1 P91359 F59A3.2 P91357 F59A3.3 P91353 F59A3.4 P91354 F59A3.5 Q8I7G2 F59A3.6 P91356 F59A3.7 P91358 F59A3.8 P91360 F59A3.9 P91361 F59A3.10 P91362 F59C12.3 Q21036 K02F3.1 P46064 K02F3.2 Q21153 The K02F3.2 gene encodes a homolog of human SLC25A13, which when mutated leads to adult onset type II citrullinaemia (OMIM:603471). K02F3.5 Q21146 K02F3.6 Q21147 K02F3.7 Q21149 K02F3.8 Q21150 K02F3.9 Q21151 K02F3.10 Q21154 K02F3.12 Q5DX50 K09C6.1 O16947 K09C6.2 O16946 K09C6.3 O16944 K09C6.4 O16943 K09C6.5 O16942 K09C6.6 O16941 K09C6.7 O16939 K09C6.8 O16940 K09C6.9 O16945 M02H5.3 Q966H7 M02H5.4 Q966H8 M02H5.5 Q966H9 M02H5.8 Q966I2 M02H5.12 Q966H6 R02E4.1 Q21646 R03H4.1 Q21687 R03H4.4 Q21686 R03H4.5 Q21688 R03H4.6 Q21689 R03H4.7 Q21690 R05D3.5 P34538 R05D8.7 Q9N5G4 R05D8.9 Q9N5G2 R05D8.11 Q9N5F7 R09E12.1 Q5F4U9 R09E12.2 O16260 R09E12.3 O16259 R09E12.5 O16257 R09E12.6 O16256 R10F2.1 Q5F4W0 R10F2.4 O01910 R10F2.5 O01911 R10F2.6 O01913 R151.6 Q21997 T01C4.1 Q94298 T05A7.1 Q22207 T05A7.2 Q22205 T05A7.3 Q22206 T05A7.6 Q22203 T05A7.7 Q22208 T05A7.8 Q22209 T05A7.9 Q95ZQ1 T05H4.2 O16525 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T05H4.3 O16524 T05H4.4 O16522 The T05H4.4 gene encodes a homolog of the human gene B5R, which when mutated leads to methemoglobinemia (OMIM:250800). T05H4.5 O16521 The T05H4.5 gene encodes an ortholog of the human gene NADH-CYTOCHROME B5 REDUCTASE (DIA1), which when mutated leads to methemoglobinemia (OMIM:250800). T05H4.6 O16520 T05H4.7 O16512 T05H4.10 O16515 T05H4.11 O16516 T05H4.12 O16517 T05H4.15 O16523 T06C10.3 Q22243 T07D3.8 P03934 T10B11.1 Q9TZH6 T10B11.1 is orthologous to the human gene 6-PYRUVOYL-TETRAHYDROPTERIN SYNTHASE or DIMERIZATION COFACTOR OF HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR 1 ALPHA (PCBD or TCF1; OMIM:126090), which when mutated leads to hyperphenylalaninemia with primapterinuria. T10F2.2 Q10050 T10F2.2 is orthologous to the human gene SOLUTE CARRIER FAMILY 25 (MITOCHONDRIAL CARRIER; ORNITHINE TRANSPORTER) MEMBER 15 (SLC25A15; OMIM:603861), which when mutated leads to disease. T10F2.4 Q10051 T13A10.1 Q22449 T13A10.2 Q22441 T23F2.4 Q22701 T24A6.1 O61951 T24A6.2 O61950 T24A6.5 O61938 T24A6.7 O61936 T24A6.8 O61939 T24A6.10 O61941 T24A6.11 O61942 T24A6.13 O61944 T24A6.16 O61952 T24A6.17 O61953 T24A6.19 Q9TXS7 T24A6.20 Q965J1 T24G10.2 Q22749 T26A8.1 Q22806 T26A8.2 Q22804 T26A8.3 Q22803 T26A8.4 Q22805 T27A1.2 O17273 T27A1.3 O17272 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). T27A1.4 O17274 T27A1.5 O17275 T27C10.3 Q9TZM2 T27C10.4 Q9TZM5 T27C10.7 Q8IA53 T28A11.2 P91523 T28A11.3 P91521 T28A11.4 P91520 T28A11.5 P91518 T28A11.6 P91514 T28A11.7 P91513 T28A11.13 P91508 T28A11.16 P91512 T28A11.17 P91515 T28A11.17 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; T28A11.17 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. T28A11.18 P91516 T28A11.19 P91517 T28A11.20 P91519 T28A11.20 encodes a neprilysin; neprilysins are thermolysin-like zinc metallopeptidases, found on the outer surface of animal cells, that negatively regulate small signalling peptides (e.g., enkephalin, tachykinin, insulin, and natriuretic peptides) by cleaving them; T28A11.20 has no clear orthologs in other organisms. T28A11.21 P91522 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). W02F12.2 O45145 W02F12.3 O45146 W02F12.4 O45147 W02F12.5 O45148 The large fraction of organism-specific and eukaryote-derived genes suggests that C. elegans mitochondria perform specialized roles absent from prokaryotic mitochondrial ancestors. W02F12.6 O45149 W03D8.1 O45004 W03D8.2 O45001 W03D8.3 O61214 W03D8.5 O44999 W03D8.7 O45002 W03D8.8 O45003 W03D8.9 O45006 W03D8.10 O45005 Y5H2B.1 Q966A0 Y5H2B.3 Q9N4Q9 Y5H2B.4 Q9N4Q8 Y19D10A.1 Q966D0 Y19D10A.2 Q966D2 Y19D10A.4 Q966D4 Y19D10A.5 Q966D5 Y19D10A.6 Q966D9 Y19D10A.7 Q966E0 Y19D10A.8 Q7Z2C3 Y19D10A.9 O44596 Y19D10A.10 Q966D8 Y19D10A.11 Q966D7 Y19D10A.12 Q966D6 Y19D10A.13 Q9UAU0 Y19D10A.14 Q966D1 Y37E11AR.2 Q965X6 Y38C9B.3 Q9N524 Y39G10AR.3 Q6AW07 Y39G10AR.5 Q95XQ4 Y39G10AR.6 Q86S61 Y39G10AR.7 Q95XQ9 Y39G10AR.8 Q95XR0 Y39G10AR.9 Q95XR3 Y39G10AR.10 Q95XR4 Y39G10AR.11 Q95XR6 Y39G10AR.12 Q8WSN6 Y39G10AR.15 Q95XQ7 Y39G10AR.16 Q95XQ6 Y39G10AR.17 Q95XQ1 Y39G10AR.18 Q6AW05 Y39G10AR.20 Q95XR1 Y39G10AR.21 Q95XR2 Y39G10AR.21 is orthologous to the human gene SIMILAR TO RIKEN CDNA 2810405F18 GENE (FAAH; OMIM:602935), which when mutated leads to disease. Y39G10AR.22 Q8WSN5 Y45G12C.1 Q9N4X7 Y45G12C.3 Q9N2L0 Y45G12C.4 Q9N4Y2 Y45G12C.6 Q9N4Y4 Y45G12C.7 Q9UAU5 Y45G12C.8 Q9N4Y7 Y45G12C.9 Q9N4Y6 Y45G12C.10 Q9N4Y5 Y45G12C.11 Q9N4Y1 Y46H3A.4 Q9N4W7 Y46H3A.5 Q9N4W6 Y46H3D.1 Q966B2 Y46H3D.4 Q966B5 Y46H3D.6 Q966B8 Y46H3D.7 Q966B7 Y46H3D.8 Q966B6 Y49C4A.1 Q965T8 Y49C4A.8 Q86S69 Y53G8B.1 Q9N4S0 Y53G8B.2 Q9N4S3 Y53G8B.3 Q9N4S2 Y53G8B.4 Q9N4S1 Y55F3C.3 Q95XV8 Y55F3C.5 Q95XW1 Y55F3C.7 Q95XW3 Y59E9AL.3 Q9N2L4 Y59E9AL.4 Q9N330 Y59E9AL.5 Q9N329 Y59E9AL.6 Q9N328 Y66H1A.4 Q9TYK1 Y66H1B.2 Q688A0 Y66H1B.2 is orthologous to the human gene FLJ00343 PROTEIN (FLNA; OMIM:300017), which when mutated leads to disease. Y66H1B.3 Q9TYW4 Y66H1B.5 Q86FP1 Y71D11A.3 Q8T8B9 Y71D11A.5 Q95Y52 Y74C9A.5 Q9N4D6 Y75B7AL.1 Q965S6 Y75B7AL.2 Q965S7 Y75B7AL.4 Q965S4 Y82E9BR.1 Q9BKR6 Y82E9BR.2 Q9BKR8 Y82E9BR.3 Q9BKS0 Y82E9BR.4 Q9BKS3 Y82E9BR.5 Q9BKS5 Y82E9BR.6 Q9BKS6 Y82E9BR.7 Q9BKT0 Y82E9BR.8 Q9BKT2 Y82E9BR.9 Q9BKT1 Y82E9BR.10 Q9BKS9 Y82E9BR.11 Q9BKS8 Y82E9BR.12 Q9BKS7 Y82E9BR.13 Q9BKS4 Y82E9BR.14 Q7Z1Q9 Y82E9BR.16 Q7Z1Q8 Y82E9BR.17 Q7Z1Q7 Y82E9BR.18 Q9BKR5 Y82E9BR.20 Q95XB0 Y82E9BR.21 Q7Z1Q6 Y82E9BR.22 Q7KWZ2 Y92C3A.3 Q9BL23 Y94H6A.8 Q9N2W7 Y97E10B.1 Q965R1 Y97E10B.2 Q965R6 Y97E10B.3 Q965R7 Y97E10B.4 Q965R8 Y97E10B.9 Q965R3 Y110A7A.2 Q9N586 Y110A7A.4 Q9N588 Y110A7A.6 Q95Y85 Y110A7A.7 Q9N591 Y110A7A.8 Q9N592 Y110A7A.8 is orthologous to the human gene U4/U6 SNRNP-ASSOCIATED 61 KDA PROTEIN (PRPF31; OMIM:600138), which when mutated leads to disease. Y110A7A.9 Q6AW19 Y110A7A.9 is orthologous to the human gene KIAA1351 PROTEIN (WDR11; OMIM:606417), which when mutated leads to disease. Y110A7A.11 Q9N598 Y110A7A.12 Q9N5A0 Y110A7A.15 Q8IAB5 Y110A7A.16 Q9N595 Y110A7A.16 is orthologous to the human gene INHIBITOR OF KAPPA LIGHT POLYPEPTIDE GENE ENHANCER IN B-CELLS, KINASE COMPLEX-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (IKBKAP; OMIM:603722), which when mutated leads to disease. Y110A7A.19 Q9N584 Y110A7A.20 Q8TA52 ZC132.2 O17519 ZC132.3 O17515 ZC132.4 O17516 ZC132.5 O17517 ZC132.6 O17518 ZC132.8 O17522 ZC132.9 O17523 ZC142.1 Q23072 ZC142.2 Q23073 ZC204.1 P91548 ZC204.2 P91547 ZC204.3 P91543 ZC204.6 P91537 ZC204.7 P91541 ZC204.8 P91538 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC204.9 P91539 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC204.10 P91540 For instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZC204.11 P91542 ZC204.12 P91544 ZC204.13 P91545 ZC204.14 P91546 ZC262.1 P34593 ZC404.1 Q23291 ZC404.7 Q23286 ZC404.10 Q23292 ZC404.11 Q23293 ZC404.13 Q95PY1 ZK105.1 Q965Z4 ZK105.3 Q965Z8 ZK105.4 Q965Z7 ZK105.5 Q965Z5 ZK105.6 Q965Z3 ZK484.1 Q9NHZ6 ZK1290.1 Q23439 ZK1290.5 Q09632 ZK1290.6 Q09633 ZK1290.7 Q09634 ZK1290.9 Q09336 However, F-box proteins are by no means confined solely to SCF complexes: for instance, yeast Skp-1 can bind non-SCF F-box proteins to perform cellular functions completely distinct from protein degradation, such as kinetochore function (binding the F-box protein Ctf13p) or SNARE recycling (by binding the F-box protein Rcy1p), as well as yet other F-box proteins of unknown function (Yjl149 and Yml088). ZK1290.10 Q09337 ZK1290.11 Q09338 ZK1290.13 Q8I7F2 F33D4.8 Q688C0 F42A10.9 Q65ZK1 CBG03443 Q61YQ1 CBG08136 Q5WN60 CBG08178 Q5WN23 CBG10087 Q61IS6 CBG16328 Q613L4 CBG17963 Q60Z52 CBG21922 Q60Q85 CBG24606 P41957 Y59E9AL.7 Q6R1Z5 F32E10.9 Q5WRR8 F58A4.14 Q5CZ52 C07A9.12 Q5CZ51 T21C12.8 Q5CZ45 F40G12.15 Q5FC50 Y41E3.18 Q5FC17 H32K21.1 Q5GMI5 ZK1320.13 Q5FC82 C45G3.5 Q5FC27 ZK822.6 Q5FC55 T06E4.12 Q5FC67 C08B6.13 Q5FC58 F15H10.9 Q5FC52 F15H10.10 Q5FC53 C35A5.10 Q5FC62 C43E11.13 Q5LK40 T04B2.8 Q5FC70 C55A6.12 Q5FC47 ZK856.14 Q5FC54 AC3.9 Q5FC63 AC3.10 Q5FC64 C35A5.11 Q5FC61 T01G1.4 Q5FC21 W02B12.15 Q5FC71 F27E5.8 Q5FC78 F33H1.6 Q5FC76 C05D12.7 Q5FC75 Y17G7B.23 Q5GMI3 F49C5.9 Q5FC35 T21B4.17 Q5FC44 Y17G7B.24 Q5GMI2 Y38E10A.28 Q5GMH8 C08B6.14 Q5FC57 R11G10.3 Q5FC48 Y57A10C.11 Q5GMI1 F57G9.7 Q5FC28 C41C4.10 Q5FC79 F17B5.6 Q5FC46 T27C5.12 Q5FC32 W02B8.6 Q5FC43 D1086.10 Q5FC40 D1086.11 Q5FC39 D1086.12 Q5FC37 Y54G9A.10 Q5DTE7 H02K04.2 Q5DTE9 C45H4.18 Q5F4U3 C02A12.8 Q5F4V4 C02A12.9 Q5F4V3 C02A12.10 Q5F4V2 R09E12.8 Q5F4U8 F30B5.8 Q5DX38 ZK265.9 Q5CZ37 T07A5.6 Q9U377 Y19D10A.15 Q9UAT7 F20E11.15 Q5CZ36 F54B8.16 Q5CZ33 C31A11.10 Q5CZ34 F58G6.9 Q5CZ44